WO2018087834A1 - 作業機械および作業機械の制御方法 - Google Patents
作業機械および作業機械の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018087834A1 WO2018087834A1 PCT/JP2016/083219 JP2016083219W WO2018087834A1 WO 2018087834 A1 WO2018087834 A1 WO 2018087834A1 JP 2016083219 W JP2016083219 W JP 2016083219W WO 2018087834 A1 WO2018087834 A1 WO 2018087834A1
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- load value
- bucket
- boom
- work machine
- cylinder
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/2025—Particular purposes of control systems not otherwise provided for
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/30—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom
- E02F3/32—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets with a dipper-arm pivoted on a cantilever beam, i.e. boom working downwardly and towards the machine, e.g. with backhoes
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/425—Drive systems for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/42—Drives for dippers, buckets, dipper-arms or bucket-arms
- E02F3/43—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations
- E02F3/435—Control of dipper or bucket position; Control of sequence of drive operations for dipper-arms, backhoes or the like
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/20—Drives; Control devices
- E02F9/22—Hydraulic or pneumatic drives
- E02F9/2264—Arrangements or adaptations of elements for hydraulic drives
- E02F9/2271—Actuators and supports therefor and protection therefor
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/26—Indicating devices
- E02F9/264—Sensors and their calibration for indicating the position of the work tool
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01G—WEIGHING
- G01G19/00—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups
- G01G19/08—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles
- G01G19/083—Weighing apparatus or methods adapted for special purposes not provided for in the preceding groups for incorporation in vehicles lift truck scale
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P15/00—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration
- G01P15/16—Measuring acceleration; Measuring deceleration; Measuring shock, i.e. sudden change of acceleration by evaluating the time-derivative of a measured speed signal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
- G05B13/042—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators in which a parameter or coefficient is automatically adjusted to optimise the performance
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
- G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
- G01P3/487—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by rotating magnets
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a work machine and a control method for the work machine.
- the load in the bucket is important to know the work load of the work machine.
- a technique for calculating the load value in the bucket is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2010-89633 (Patent Document 1).
- the current load value of the load is obtained by calculation from the attitude of the work machine and the pressure acting on the boom cylinder.
- the integrated load value is calculated by integrating the current load value. When this integrated load value reaches the target load value, the state is notified to the operator.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a work machine and a work machine control method capable of improving measurement accuracy during load measurement.
- the work machine of the present invention includes a boom, an arm, a bucket, a boom cylinder, a detection unit, and a controller.
- the arm is attached to the tip of the boom.
- the bucket is attached to the tip of the arm.
- the boom cylinder drives the boom.
- the detection unit detects acceleration of expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder.
- the controller calculates the load value in the bucket based on the load of the boom cylinder, and corrects the load value obtained by the calculation based on the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder detected by the detection unit.
- the load value in the bucket is corrected based on the acceleration of expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder.
- the error by the inertia of the working machine based on the operation of the boom, arm, bucket, etc. can be removed from the load value. For this reason, the measurement accuracy at the time of load measurement can be improved.
- the controller corrects the load value obtained by the calculation based on relational data indicating the magnitude of the error of the bucket load value with respect to the bucket load value. .
- the relational data has a relation that the error of the bucket load value decreases as the bucket load value increases.
- the relationship between the load value and the error in the relationship data can be made to be a relationship in accordance with the actual situation that the error of the load value with respect to the load value becomes relatively smaller as the load value of the bucket becomes larger.
- the error based on the difference from the calculation model can be corrected appropriately.
- the work machine control method is a work machine control method including a boom, an arm, a bucket, and a boom cylinder that drives the boom.
- the load value in the bucket is calculated based on the load of the boom cylinder.
- the load value obtained by the calculation is corrected based on the acceleration of expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder.
- the load value in the bucket is corrected based on the expansion and contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder.
- the error by the inertia of the working machine based on the operation of the boom, arm, bucket, etc. can be removed from the load value. For this reason, the measurement accuracy at the time of load measurement can be improved.
- the load value obtained by the calculation is corrected based on relational data indicating the magnitude of the error of the bucket load value with respect to the bucket load value.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure showing roughly composition of a working machine in one embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows roughly the structure of the cylinder with a stroke sensor used for a working machine. It is a figure (A) which shows roughly the composition of the stroke sensor used for the cylinder of Drawing 2, and the figure (B) which shows signs that the electric signal which is the sensor output of a stroke sensor changes periodically. It is a schematic diagram of the working machine for demonstrating the balance of a moment.
- the figure (A) which shows the result of the calculation load at the time of performing only the correction based on the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder, and the correction based on the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder and the correction based on the relational data (table correction) were performed. It is a figure (B) which shows the result of calculation load in the case.
- FIG. 1 A hydraulic excavator will be described below with reference to FIG. 1 as an example of a working machine to which the idea of the present invention can be applied.
- the present invention can be applied to a work machine having a boom, an arm, and a bucket in addition to the hydraulic excavator.
- FIG. 1 is a side view schematically showing a configuration of a hydraulic excavator as an example of a work machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a hydraulic excavator 10 according to the present embodiment mainly includes a traveling body 1, a revolving body 2, and a work implement 3.
- the traveling machine body and the swivel body 2 constitute a work machine main body.
- the traveling body 1 has a pair of left and right crawler belt devices 1a. Each of the pair of left and right crawler belt devices 1a has a crawler belt.
- the hydraulic excavator 10 is self-propelled by rotating the pair of left and right crawler belts.
- the turning body 2 is installed so as to be turnable with respect to the traveling body 1.
- the swivel body 2 mainly includes a driver's cab 2a, a driver's seat 2b, an engine room 2c, and a counterweight 2d.
- the driver's cab 2a is disposed, for example, on the front left side (vehicle front side) of the revolving structure 2.
- a driver's seat 2b for an operator to sit on is disposed in the internal space of the driver's cab 2a.
- Each of the engine room 2c and the counterweight 2d is disposed on the rear side (rear side of the vehicle) of the revolving structure 2.
- the engine room 2c houses engine units (engine, exhaust treatment structure, etc.).
- the upper part of the engine room 2c is covered with an engine hood.
- the counterweight 2d is disposed behind the engine room 2c.
- the work machine 3 is pivotally supported on the front side of the swivel body 2 and on the right side of the cab 2a, for example.
- the work machine 3 includes, for example, a boom 3a, an arm 3b, a bucket 3c, hydraulic cylinders 4a, 4b, and 4c.
- the base end portion of the boom 3a is rotatably connected to the swing body 2 by a boom foot pin 5a.
- the base end of the arm 3b is rotatably connected to the tip of the boom 3a by a boom tip pin 5b.
- the bucket 3c is rotatably connected to the tip of the arm 3b by a pin 5c.
- the boom 3a can be driven by a boom cylinder 4a. By this drive, the boom 3a can be rotated in the vertical direction with respect to the revolving structure 2 around the boom foot pin 5a.
- the arm 3b can be driven by an arm cylinder 4b. By this driving, the arm 3b can be rotated in the vertical direction with respect to the boom 3a around the boom tip pin 5b.
- the bucket 3c can be driven by a bucket cylinder 4c. By this driving, the bucket 3c can rotate in the vertical direction with respect to the arm 3b around the pin 5c.
- the work machine 3 can be driven.
- the pressure sensor 6a is attached to the head side of the boom cylinder 4a.
- the pressure sensor 6a can detect the pressure (head pressure) of hydraulic oil in the cylinder head side oil chamber 40A (FIG. 2) of the boom cylinder 4a.
- a pressure sensor 6b is attached to the bottom side of the boom cylinder 4a.
- the pressure sensor 6b can detect the pressure (bottom pressure) of hydraulic oil in the cylinder bottom side oil chamber 40B (FIG. 2) of the boom cylinder 4a.
- Stroke sensors (detectors) 7a, 7b, 7c are attached to the boom cylinder 4a, the arm cylinder 4b, and the bucket cylinder 4c, respectively.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration of a cylinder with a stroke sensor used in a working machine.
- FIG. 3A schematically shows a configuration of a stroke sensor used in the cylinder of FIG.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram illustrating a state in which an electrical signal that is a sensor output of the stroke sensor changes periodically.
- the boom cylinder 4a mainly has a cylinder tube 4aa, a cylinder rod 4ab, and a piston 4ac.
- Piston 4ac is attached to one end of cylinder rod 4ab.
- the piston 4ac is inserted into the cylinder tube 4aa.
- the cylinder rod 4ab is movable relative to the cylinder tube 4aa.
- piston 4ac is slidable with respect to the inner wall of cylinder tube 4aa.
- the chamber defined by the cylinder head 4ad, the piston 4ac, and the inner wall of the cylinder tube 4aa constitutes a cylinder head side oil chamber 40A.
- An oil chamber opposite to the cylinder head side oil chamber 40A with respect to the piston 4ac constitutes a cylinder bottom side oil chamber 40B.
- the stroke sensor 7a is disposed, for example, outside the cylinder tube 4aa and adjacent to the cylinder head 4ad.
- the stroke sensor 7 a is disposed inside the case 14.
- the stroke sensor 7 a includes a rotation roller 11, a rotation center shaft 12, and a rotation sensor unit 13.
- the rotating roller 11 is disposed so that the outer peripheral surface of the rotating roller 11 is in contact with the surface of the cylinder rod 4ab.
- the rotation roller 11 is rotatable about the rotation center axis 12 according to the linear movement of the cylinder rod 4ab.
- the rotation sensor unit 13 is configured to be able to detect the rotation amount (rotation angle) of the rotation roller 11.
- the rotation sensor unit 13 has a magnet 13a and a Hall IC (Integrated Circuit) 13b.
- the magnet 13 a is attached to the rotating roller 11 so as to rotate integrally with the rotating roller 11.
- the magnet 13a is configured such that the N pole and the S pole are alternately switched according to the rotation angle of the rotating roller 11.
- the magnet 13a is configured such that the magnetic force (magnetic flux density) detected by the Hall IC 13b periodically varies with one rotation of the rotating roller 11 as one cycle.
- the Hall IC 13b is a magnetic sensor that detects the magnetic force (magnetic flux density) generated by the magnet 13a as an electrical signal.
- the Hall IC 13 b is provided at a position away from the magnet 13 a along the axial direction of the rotation center shaft 12.
- the magnetic force (magnetic flux density) that passes through the Hall IC 13b periodically changes according to the rotation angle.
- the electrical signal (voltage) that is the sensor output changes periodically.
- the rotation angle of the rotating roller 11 can be measured from the magnitude of the voltage output from the Hall IC 13b.
- the number of rotations of the rotating roller 11 can be measured by counting the number of times one cycle of the electric signal (voltage) output from the Hall IC 13b is repeated. Then, the displacement amount (stroke length) of the cylinder rod 4ab of the boom cylinder 4a is measured based on the rotation angle of the rotation roller 11 and the rotation speed of the rotation roller 11.
- Each of the arm cylinder 4b and the bucket cylinder 4c has a configuration of a cylinder with a stroke sensor similar to the boom cylinder 4a.
- the boom angle A1 can be calculated from the displacement amount of the cylinder rod 4ab in the boom cylinder 4a.
- the arm angle A2 can be calculated from the displacement amount of the cylinder rod in the arm cylinder 4b.
- the bucket angle A3 can be calculated from the displacement amount of the cylinder rod in the bucket cylinder 4c.
- the expansion / contraction acceleration ⁇ of the boom cylinder 4a can be calculated by differentiating the displacement amount in the boom cylinder 4a twice with respect to time.
- Each of the stroke sensors 7a, 7b, 7c and the pressure sensors 6a, 6b is electrically connected to the arithmetic device 8a of the controller 8. Thereby, the head pressure and bottom pressure of the boom cylinder 4a, the boom angle A1, the arm angle A2, the bucket angle A3, and the acceleration ⁇ of expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder 4a are transferred to the arithmetic unit 8a in the controller 8. It can be sent.
- boom angle A1, the arm angle A2, the bucket angle A3, and the expansion / contraction acceleration ⁇ of the boom cylinder 4a are electric signals (detected by the Hall IC 13b) sent from the stroke sensors 7a, 7b, and 7c to the arithmetic unit 8a. Calculated by the arithmetic device 8a.
- the controller 8 may include not only the arithmetic device 8a but also a storage unit 8b.
- the storage unit 8b stores relational data (load correction table) indicating the magnitude of the error of the load value of the bucket with respect to the true load value of the bucket, which will be described later, and the weight and shape of the boom 3a, arm 3b, and bucket 3c. You may do it. Further, the relation data or the like may be stored in the storage unit 8b from the beginning, or may be taken into the storage unit 8b from the outside of the work machine 10 by an operator's operation.
- the controller 8 has a function of calculating a current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c based on the load of the boom cylinder 4a. Specifically, the controller 8 (calculation device 8a) has a function of calculating the current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c from the balance of moments of the boom 3a, the arm 3b, and the bucket 3c. . The controller 8 (calculation device 8a) has a function of correcting the current load value obtained by the calculation based on the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder 4a detected by the stroke sensor 7a.
- the load of the boom cylinder 4a is a so-called axial force obtained from the head pressure and the bottom pressure of the boom cylinder 4a.
- the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder 4a used for correcting the current load value is the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder 4a caused by the inertia due to the swing of the work implement 3. This swing is not the expansion / contraction of the boom cylinder 4a based on the normal operation when the boom 3a is operated, but the swing of the work machine 3 that occurs as a result of the operation of the work machine 3.
- the controller 8 (calculation device 8a) has a function of correcting the load value obtained by the calculation based on the relation data. Specifically, the controller 8 (arithmetic unit 8a) corrects the load value obtained by the calculation based on relational data indicating the magnitude of the error in the bucket load value with respect to the true load value WR of the bucket. have.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a work machine for explaining the moment balance.
- the current load value W in the bucket 3c is detected from the balance of the moments around the boom foot pin 5a.
- the balance of the moments around the boom foot pin 5a is expressed by the following equation (1).
- Mboomcyl Mboom + Marm + Mbucket + W ⁇ L (1)
- Mboomcyl is a moment around the boom foot pin 5a of the boom cylinder 4a.
- Mboom is a moment around the boom foot pin 5a of the boom 3a.
- Marm is a moment around the boom foot pin 5a of the arm 3b.
- Mbucket is a moment around the boom foot pin 5a of the bucket 3c.
- W is the current load value in the bucket 3c.
- L is the distance in the horizontal direction from the boom foot pin 5a to the pin 5c (the portion where the bucket 3c is supported by the arm 3b).
- Mboomcyl is calculated from the load (head pressure and bottom pressure) of the boom cylinder 4a.
- Mboom is calculated by the product (r1 ⁇ M1) of the distance r1 between the center of gravity C1 of the boom 3a and the boom foot pin 5a and the weight M1 of the boom 3a.
- the position of the center of gravity C1 of the boom 3a is calculated from the boom angle A1 and the like.
- the weight M1 and the like of the boom 3a are stored in the storage unit 8b.
- Marm is calculated by the product (r2 ⁇ M2) of the distance r2 between the center of gravity C2 of the arm 3b and the boom foot pin 5a and the weight M2 of the arm 3b.
- the position of the center of gravity C2 of the arm 3b is calculated from the arm angle A2 or the like.
- the weight M2 of the arm 3b is stored in the storage unit 8b.
- Mbucket is calculated by the product (r3 ⁇ M3) of the distance r3 between the center of gravity C3 of the bucket 3c and the boom foot pin 5a and the weight M3 of the bucket 3c.
- the position of the center of gravity C3 of the bucket is calculated from the bucket angle A3 and the like.
- the weight M3 and the like of the bucket 3c are stored in the storage unit 8b.
- the displacement amount of each cylinder 4a, 4b, 4c is detected by each of the stroke sensors 7a, 7b, 7c.
- the boom angle A1, the arm angle A2, and the bucket angle A3 are calculated by the controller 8 or the like based on the displacement amount of each cylinder 4a, 4b, 4c. Based on these boom angle A1, arm angle A2, and bucket angle A3, the positions of the centers of gravity C1, C2, and C3 are calculated by the controller 8 and the like.
- the moment Mboom around the boom foot pin 5a of the boom 3a is calculated from the product of the center of gravity C1 and the weight M1 of the boom 3a.
- the moment Marm around the boom foot pin 5a of the arm 3b is calculated from the product of the position of the center of gravity C2 and the weight M2 of the arm 3b.
- the moment Mbucket around the boom foot pin 5a of the bucket 3c is calculated from the product of the position of the center of gravity C3 and the weight M3 of the bucket 3c.
- the head pressure of the boom cylinder 4a is detected by the pressure sensor 6a.
- the bottom pressure of the boom cylinder 4a is detected by the pressure sensor 6b.
- the moment Mboomcyl around the boom foot pin 5a of the boom cylinder 4a is calculated by the controller 8 or the like.
- the horizontal distance L from the boom foot pin 5a to the pin 5c is calculated by the controller 8 or the like. Is done.
- the current load value W in the bucket 3c is calculated by the controller 8 or the like.
- the load value W is calculated using the displacement amount of each cylinder 4a, 4b, 4c, head pressure, bottom pressure, and the like. For this reason, an error occurs in the measured value of the load value W due to the inertial force of the work machine 3 during the operation of the work machine 3.
- the load value W measured as described above includes not only the true load value WR but also an error E1 due to the inertia of the work implement 3.
- FIG. 5A shows the result, and shows the time change of the load value in the bucket 3c.
- the inventor also examined the acceleration of expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder during the boom operation.
- FIG. 5 (B) shows the result and shows the time change of the acceleration.
- FIG. 5C shows a time change of PPC (Pressure Proportional Control) pressure of the boom cylinder during the boom operation.
- PPC Pressure Proportional Control
- the true load value WR in the bucket 3c does not change over time. For this reason, fluctuation due to amplitude appearing in the curve of the load value in FIG. 5A is an error.
- the amplitude which is this error is generated at the start and stop of the operation of the boom 3a. For this reason, it is considered that the error (amplitude) generated in the calculated load value is an error based on inertia during operation of the work machine 3 such as the boom 3a.
- the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder 4a also has an amplitude at the same timing as the calculated load value shown in FIG. From this result, the inventor has found that the error due to the inertia of the work implement 3 can be detected by detecting the amplitude generated in the acceleration curve of the boom cylinder 4a.
- FIG. 5D shows a method of removing the error due to the inertia of the work implement 3 from the calculated load value by correcting the calculated load value based on the amplitude generated in the expansion / contraction acceleration curve of the boom cylinder 4a. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B.
- FIG. 5D is a diagram conceptually showing an equation for calculating a corrected load value from the amplitude of the calculated load and the amplitude of the acceleration.
- FIG. 6A is a diagram showing a change over time of the calculated load value in the bucket.
- FIG. 6B is a diagram illustrating a change over time in acceleration of expansion and contraction of the boom cylinder.
- regression analysis (least square method) is used.
- a regression equation is first set. This regression equation is, for example, the equation shown in FIG.
- this regression equation shows that the calculation load (for example, the amplitude portion RA in FIG. 5 (A)) is the acceleration amplitude (for example, the amplitude portion RB in FIG. 5 (B)). It is set to be approximately equal to a value obtained by adding the corrected load value to the product of the coefficient c. Specifically, the amplitude of the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder 4a is approximated to the amplitude of the calculated load by being multiplied by a predetermined coefficient c. By reducing the acceleration amplitude approximated to the calculated load amplitude from the calculated load, a corrected load value in which the error due to the inertia of the work implement 3 is canceled is calculated.
- the coefficient c of the above regression equation is obtained based on the measured value of the calculated load and the measured value of the acceleration / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder.
- the coefficient c is obtained by comparing the acceleration waveform and the load waveform thus obtained with each other. At this time, how much coefficient c is multiplied by the acceleration waveform to calculate the closest approximation to the load waveform is calculated, and c as the coefficient is obtained from the result of the calculation.
- the coefficient c When the coefficient c is obtained, the coefficient c, the boom cylinder expansion / contraction acceleration at a certain time t (n), and the calculated load are substituted into the equation shown in FIG. Thereby, the corrected load value at a certain time t (n) is obtained.
- the above regression analysis is performed every 10 milliseconds, for example.
- a corrected load value is obtained every 10 milliseconds.
- the corrected load value obtained in this way is plotted for each time. Thereby, for example, a curve of the corrected load value as shown by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 5A is obtained.
- the error (amplitude) due to the inertia of the work machine 3 is cancelled.
- the load value is not yet a constant value (straight line), and fluctuates with the passage of time. This is considered to be based on the fact that the calculation model shown in FIG. 4 for calculating the calculation load W has a different assumption from that of the actual work machine 3 shown in FIG.
- the calculation model shown in FIG. 4 assumes that the load W is at the position of the tip of the arm 3b (that is, the pin 5c). On the other hand, in the actual work machine 10 shown in FIG. 1, there is a load W inside the bucket 3c. For this reason, in the position of the load W, the assumption of the calculation model of FIG. 4 and the actual working machine 3 of FIG. 1 are different from each other.
- the calculation model shown in FIG. 4 assumes a state in which the bucket 3c is fixed at the maximum winding position with respect to the arm 3b.
- the bucket 3c also rotates with respect to the arm 3b according to the operation of the boom 3a and the arm 3b. For this reason, even in the rotational position of the bucket 3c with respect to the arm 3b, the assumption of the calculation model in FIG. 4 and the actual work machine 3 in FIG. 1 are different from each other.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the relationship between the load value in the bucket 3c and the error of the load value in the bucket 3c.
- the relationship data 1 load correction table
- the relationship data 1 indicates the relationship between the load value in the bucket 3c and the error of the load value is used for correction for removing the error E2 from the corrected load value, for example. .
- Relationship data 1 has a relationship in which the error of the load value decreases as the load value increases.
- the larger the load value the larger the correction amount (absolute value) with respect to the calculated load value (for example, the corrected load value).
- the load value in the relational data means the corrected load value after the error due to the inertia of the work machine 3 is corrected.
- the relationship between the load value in the bucket 3c and the magnitude of the error in the load value in the bucket 3c is expressed by, for example, a quadratic function.
- the magnitude of the load value error decreases as a quadratic function due to an increase in the load value in the bucket 3c.
- the load error is removed based on the relationship of the relationship data 1 from the corrected load value obtained by correcting the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3 in the above.
- a true load value is calculated.
- the corrected load value curve shown in FIG. 8B is a corrected load value curve obtained by correcting only the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3 shown in FIG.
- the curve is closer to a certain value than the curve indicated by. From this result, it was found that the error E2 can be appropriately removed by performing correction using the relational data 1 shown in FIG.
- the correction of the error E2 based on the difference from the calculation model is performed on the load value after the correction of the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3 has been described.
- the correction of the error E2 based on the difference from the calculation model may be performed before the correction of the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3.
- the correction of the error E2 based on the difference from the above calculation model may be performed simultaneously with the correction of the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3.
- only the correction of the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3 may be performed without correcting the error E2 based on the difference from the above calculation model. Further, without correcting the error E1 due to the inertia of the work machine 3, only the correction of the error E2 based on the difference from the calculation model may be performed. In particular, when the boom cylinder 4a does not operate, only the error E2 is corrected based on the difference from the calculation model.
- the load value in relational data 1 in FIG. 7 means a calculated load value obtained from the balance of moments.
- the load value W in the bucket 3c is corrected based on the expansion / contraction acceleration of the boom cylinder 4a.
- the error E1 due to the inertia of the work implement 3 based on the operations of the boom 3a, the arm 3b, the bucket 3c, and the like can be removed from the load value W. For this reason, the measurement accuracy at the time of load measurement can be improved.
- the controller 8 corrects the load value obtained by the calculation based on relational data indicating the magnitude of the error of the bucket load value with respect to the load value of the bucket 3c.
- the relational data 1 has a relation that the error of the load value W of the bucket 3c decreases as the load value of the bucket 3c increases.
- the relationship between the load value and the error in the relationship data 1 can be made into a relationship in accordance with the actual situation that the error of the load value with respect to the load value becomes relatively smaller as the load value of the bucket 3c becomes larger.
- the error based on the difference from the calculation model can be corrected appropriately.
- the relationship between the load value of the bucket 3c and the magnitude of the error of the load value of the bucket 3c is represented by a quadratic function.
- the relationship between the load value and the error in the relationship data 1 can be easily set to a relationship that matches the actual situation.
- the controller 8 only needs to have a function of calculating the current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c based on the load of the boom cylinder 4a.
- An example of this function is a function of calculating the current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c from the balance of the static moments of the boom 3a, arm 3b and bucket 3c, as shown in FIG. is there.
- a function of calculating a current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c from a balance of dynamic moments of the boom 3a, the arm 3b, and the bucket 3c may be used.
- the current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c is determined from the balance of static or dynamic moments of the boom 3a, arm 3b, bucket 3c, cylinders 4a, 4b, 4c, and the like.
- a function for calculating the value may be used.
- a function of calculating the current load value (calculated load value) W in the bucket 3c by balancing the forces of the constituent members of the work machine 3 may be used.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本発明の一実施の形態における作業機械の構成について説明する。以下、本発明の思想を適用可能な作業機械の一例として油圧ショベルについて図1を用いて説明する。なお本発明は、油圧ショベル以外に、ブーム、アームおよびバケットを有する作業機械にも適用可能である。
式(1)において、Mboomcylは、ブームシリンダ4aのブームフートピン5a回りのモーメントである。Mboomは、ブーム3aのブームフートピン5a回りのモーメントである。Marmは、アーム3bのブームフートピン5a回りのモーメントである。Mbucketは、バケット3cのブームフートピン5a回りのモーメントである。Wは、バケット3c内の現在の荷重値である。Lは、ブームフートピン5aからピン5c(バケット3cがアーム3bに支持される部分)までの水平方向の距離である。
本実施の形態においては、ブームシリンダ4aの伸縮の加速度に基づいてバケット3c内の荷重値Wが補正される。これにより、ブーム3a、アーム3b、バケット3cなどの動作に基づく作業機3の慣性による誤差E1を荷重値Wから取り除くことができる。このため、荷重計測時の計測精度を向上することができる。
Claims (6)
- ブームと、
前記ブームの先端に取り付けられたアームと、
前記アームの先端に取り付けられたバケットと、
前記ブームを駆動するブームシリンダと、
前記ブームシリンダの伸縮の加速度を検知する検知部と、
前記ブームシリンダの負荷に基づいて前記バケット内の荷重値を演算し、演算により得られた前記荷重値を、前記検知部により検知された前記ブームシリンダの伸縮の前記加速度に基づいて補正するコントローラとを備えた、作業機械。 - 前記コントローラは、前記加速度に基づく補正に加えて、演算により得られた前記荷重値を、前記バケットの荷重値に対する前記バケットの荷重値の誤差の大きさを示す関係データに基づいて補正する、請求項1に記載の作業機械。
- 前記関係データは、前記バケットの荷重値が大きいほど、前記バケットの荷重値の誤差が小さくなる関係を有している、請求項2に記載の作業機械。
- 前記関係データにおいて、前記バケットの荷重値に対する前記バケットの荷重値の誤差の大きさの関係は2次関数によって表される、請求項3に記載の作業機械。
- ブームと、アームと、バケットと、前記ブームを駆動するブームシリンダとを備えた作業機械の制御方法であって、
前記ブームシリンダの負荷に基づいて前記バケット内の荷重値を演算し、演算により得られた前記荷重値を、前記ブームシリンダの伸縮の加速度に基づいて補正する、作業機械の制御方法。 - 前記加速度に基づく補正に加えて、演算により得られた前記荷重値を、前記バケットの荷重値に対する前記バケットの荷重値の誤差の大きさを示す関係データに基づいて補正する、請求項5に記載の作業機械の制御方法。
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DE112016007423.9T DE112016007423B4 (de) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | Arbeitsmaschine und Verfahren zum Steuern der Arbeitsmaschine |
US15/540,596 US10745889B2 (en) | 2016-11-09 | 2016-11-09 | Work machine and method for controlling work machine |
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