WO2018047872A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018047872A1 WO2018047872A1 PCT/JP2017/032154 JP2017032154W WO2018047872A1 WO 2018047872 A1 WO2018047872 A1 WO 2018047872A1 JP 2017032154 W JP2017032154 W JP 2017032154W WO 2018047872 A1 WO2018047872 A1 WO 2018047872A1
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- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- group
- alignment film
- diamine
- hydrocarbon group
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- PQXAPVOKLYINEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCC1CC(C)CC1 Chemical compound CCC1CC(C)CC1 PQXAPVOKLYINEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N c1ccccc1 Chemical compound c1ccccc1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1057—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
- C08G73/1064—Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing sulfur
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent used in the production of a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal aligning film.
- the liquid crystal display element is known as a light, thin and low power display device.
- high-definition liquid crystal display elements for mobile phones and tablet terminals which have rapidly expanded their market share, have made remarkable developments that require high display quality.
- the liquid crystal display element is configured by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes.
- an organic film made of an organic material is used as the liquid crystal alignment film so that the liquid crystal is in a desired alignment state between the substrates. That is, the liquid crystal alignment film is a constituent member of the liquid crystal display element, and is formed on a surface of the substrate that holds the liquid crystal in contact with the liquid crystal, and plays a role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction between the substrates.
- liquid crystal display elements have been used for mobile applications such as smartphones and mobile phones.
- the width of the sealing agent used for bonding the substrates of the liquid crystal display elements narrower than in the past.
- the position of the sealing agent is also required to be in the position in contact with the end of the liquid crystal alignment film having low adhesion to the sealing agent or on the liquid crystal alignment film.
- water is likely to be mixed between the sealing agent and the liquid crystal alignment film, and display unevenness occurs in the vicinity of the frame of the liquid crystal display element.
- the present invention has an object to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent that can enhance the adhesion between the sealing agent and the liquid crystal alignment film and can suppress the occurrence of display unevenness near the frame of the liquid crystal display element under high temperature and high humidity conditions.
- the present inventors have found a liquid crystal alignment film containing a polymer having a specific aromatic heterocycle, primary amino group, and secondary amino group in the structure. By using it, the present invention has been completed.
- the first aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a liquid crystal alignment film characterized by containing a polymer having an aromatic heterocyclic ring and a primary amino group and a secondary amino group in the structure.
- a second aspect of the present invention that achieves the above object is a film made of a fired product, in a structure in which the skeleton of the aromatic heterocyclic ring, the primary amino group, and the secondary amino group are generated by firing.
- the liquid crystal alignment film according to the first aspect is characterized in that it is contained.
- the third aspect of the present invention that achieves the above object is the liquid crystal according to the first or second aspect, characterized in that the aromatic heterocycle is a pyridine skeleton, a benzimidazole skeleton, or an imidazole skeleton. Alignment film.
- the liquid crystal alignment film according to the second aspect wherein the fired product is produced at a firing temperature of 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.
- a fifth aspect of the present invention for achieving the above object is a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- a sixth aspect of the present invention that achieves the above object is a liquid crystal aligning agent for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film according to any one of the first to fourth aspects.
- a seventh aspect of the present invention that achieves the above object is a diamine component comprising at least one diamine selected from the following component (A) and the following component (B) and a diamine containing a skeleton of the following component (C): And at least one polymer selected from polyamic acid that is a reaction product of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and polyimide that is an imidized product thereof.
- Component (A) a diamine having at least one structure selected from the following formula (1-1) and the following formula (1-2)
- D represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic ring
- D may have various substituents.
- E is a single bond, or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic ring
- F is a single bond or an ether bond (—O— )
- m is 1 or
- R represents a thermal leaving group
- * represents a bond with another atom.
- X 1 is -O -, - NQ 1 -, - CONQ 1 -, - NQ 1 CO -, - CH 2 O-, and at least one divalent element selected from the group consisting of -OCO-
- Q 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- X 2 is a single bond, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group, and at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- X 3 is a single bond or -O -, - NQ 2 -, - CONQ 2 -, - NQ 2 CO- , —COO—, —OCO—, and —O (CH 2 ) m — (m is an integer of 1 to 5), and at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of Q 2 hydrogen atom or a carbon atoms
- X 1 is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a 1 to A 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms is 1 to 9. * Represents a bond with another atom.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention By using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, the adhesion between the sealing agent and the liquid crystal aligning film is improved, and the occurrence of display unevenness near the frame of the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed under high temperature and high humidity conditions. Can be obtained. Therefore, the liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by this can solve the display unevenness in the vicinity of the frame by enhancing the adhesion between the sealing agent and the liquid crystal alignment film, and can be suitably used for a large screen and high definition liquid crystal display. it can.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention contains a polymer having an aromatic heterocycle, a primary amino group and a secondary amino group in the structure.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained by applying a liquid crystal aligning agent on a substrate and baking it to form a polymer film (hereinafter also referred to as a film) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, followed by rubbing treatment or light irradiation. It is produced by performing an orientation process. In the case of vertical alignment use, it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent on a substrate and baking it to form a polymer film (hereinafter also referred to as a film) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, followed by rubbing treatment or light irradiation. It is produced by performing an orientation process. In the case of vertical alignment use, it can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film without alignment treatment. *
- the substrate used at this time is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can also be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used if only one substrate is used, and a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as an electrode in this case.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, but industrially, methods such as screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, and ink jet are generally used. Other coating methods include dip, roll coater, slit coater, spinner and the like, and these may be used depending on the purpose. *
- the solvent is evaporated at 100 ° C. to 300 ° C., preferably 100 ° C. to 250 ° C., more preferably 150 ° C. to 250 ° C. by a heating means such as a hot plate. (Hereinafter, this step is also referred to as a firing step). *
- the thermal leaving group protecting the amino group in the polymer is removed by heat to generate highly reactive primary and secondary amino groups, some of which are heavy.
- an aromatic heterocycle is generated, and as a result, the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained. From the viewpoint of the effects of the present invention and the storage stability of the liquid crystal alignment agent From the viewpoint of sex. *
- X 1 is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a 1 to A 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms is 1 to 9 It is.
- * represents a bond with another atom.
- Examples of structures that can generate an aromatic heterocycle by performing a cyclization reaction with a primary amino group include the following structures. *
- D represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group, or a heterocyclic ring, and D may have various substituents.
- E is a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic ring, and F is a single bond or an ether bond (—O -) Represents an ester bond (-OCO-, -COO-).
- m is 1 or 0.
- R is a structure represented by the above formula (a). *
- the thickness of the coating film after the baking step is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, so that it is preferably 5 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the fired film is subjected to alignment treatment by a known method such as rubbing or irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- aromatic heterocyclic ring contained in the polymer in the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention examples include pyrrole ring, furan ring, thiophene ring, imidazole ring, pyrazole ring, oxazole ring, isoxazole ring, thiazole ring.
- 5-membered aromatic heterocycles such as isothiazole ring
- 6-membered aromatic heterocycles such as pyridine ring, pyrimidine ring, pyridazine ring, pyrazine ring, triazine ring
- quinoline isoquinoline, coumarin, indole, benzimidazole, benzofuran And other polycyclic aromatic heterocyclic compounds.
- a pyridine ring, an imidazole ring, and a benzimidazole ring are preferable, and an imidazole ring and a benzimidazole ring are particularly preferable.
- the aromatic heterocyclic skeleton is formed during the firing of the liquid crystal aligning film. Is preferably formed.
- the aromatic heterocyclic ring which already exists in the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent and the aromatic heterocyclic ring formed at the time of baking may coexist.
- the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention and the liquid crystal alignment film obtained using the same is not particularly limited as long as it has an aromatic heterocyclic ring and a primary amino group and a secondary amino group in the structure.
- it is at least one polymer selected from a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic derivative component and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof.
- a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic derivative component and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof.
- a polyimide precursor which is a reaction product of a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic derivative component
- a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof.
- the polyimide precursor here refers to a polyamic acid or a polyamic acid ester.
- the polymer contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention and the liquid crystal alignment film obtained using the same is preferably at least one polymer selected from a polyimide precursor and a polyimide which is an imidized product thereof.
- a diamine having a structure that generates an aromatic heterocycle hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine 1
- a diamine having an aromatic heterocycle in the structure hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine 2
- at least one diamine selected from the group consisting of a diamine having a structure that generates a primary amino group or a secondary amino group hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine 3).
- the specific diamine 1 has a structure selected from the following formulas (1-1) and (1-2).
- D represents a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic ring, and D has various substituents. You may do it.
- E represents a single bond or a divalent saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group or a heterocyclic ring, and F Represents a single bond, an ether bond (—O—) or an ester bond (—OCO—, —COO—).
- m is 1 or 0.
- R represents a thermal leaving group. *
- the substitution position of the amino group is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of synthesis difficulty and availability of reagents, the position of meta or para is preferable based on the amide bond, and the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation Then, the position of para is particularly preferable. Further, even in aminobenzene having no amino group protected by a thermal leaving group, the position of meta or para is preferable when based on the amide bond, and the position of meta is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility, From the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation, the position of para is preferable.
- hydrogen of aminobenzene having no —NHR may be substituted with an organic group or a halogen atom such as fluorine. *
- D in the above formula (1-1) and E in the above formula (1-2) are the same as defined above, but the details thereof are not particularly limited, and dicarboxylic acid or tetracarboxylic acid diester used as a raw material.
- D is preferably a divalent hydrocarbon group from the viewpoint of solubility, and preferred examples include a linear alkylene group and a cyclic alkylene group, and this hydrocarbon group may have an unsaturated bond. .
- a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group, a heterocyclic ring, and the like are preferable. From the viewpoint of liquid crystal orientation, it is preferable that D has no substituent, but from the viewpoint of solubility, it is preferable that D be substituted with a carboxylic acid group or a fluorine atom.
- the specific diamine 2 has the structure of the following formula (2).
- X 1 is -O -, - NQ 1 -, - CONQ 1 -, - NQ 1 CO -, - CH 2 O-, and at least one selected from the group consisting of -OCO- A divalent organic group
- Q 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms
- X 2 is a single bond, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a non-aromatic cyclic carbonization hydrogen radicals, and at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an aromatic hydrocarbon group
- X 3 is a single bond or -O -, - NQ 2 -, - CONQ 2 -, - NQ 2 at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of 2 CO—, —COO—, —OCO—, and —O (CH 2 ) m — (m is an integer of 1 to 5);
- Q 2 is a hydrogen atom or
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the linking group (X 1 ) of the side chain, 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position on the benzene ring Position, 3, 5 positions. Among these, taking into consideration the reactivity when synthesizing the polyamic acid and the ease of synthesizing the diamine compound, the bonding positions of the two amino groups are positions 2, 4 and 2, 5; The positions 3, 5 are particularly preferred.
- * may be bonded to the same structure of the above formula (2), or may be bonded to the structure of the above formula (2) through another atom. *
- X 1 is -O -, - NQ 1 -, - CONQ 1 -, - NQ 1 CO -, - is CH 2 O-, and at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of -OCO- .
- -O -, - NQ 1 - , - CONQ 1 -, - NQ 1 CO- is preferred.
- Q 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- X 2 is a single bond or at least one divalent organic group selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a non-aromatic cyclic hydrocarbon group, and an aromatic hydrocarbon group. is there.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear or branched. Moreover, you may have an unsaturated bond. An aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferred. *
- X 3 is a single bond or -O -, - NQ 2 -, - CONQ 2 -, - NQ 2 CO -, - COO -, - OCO-, and -O (CH 2) m - ( m is from 1 5 at least one divalent organic group of selected from the group consisting of integer is), preferably a single bond, -O -, - CONQ 2 - , - NQ 2 CO -, - COO -, - OCO -, -O (CH 2 ) m- (m is an integer of 1 to 5). Most preferably, it is a single bond, —OCO—, or —OCH 2 —.
- Q 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- X 4 is an aromatic heterocycle. Examples and preferred structures thereof are the same as those described above.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 and n are as shown in Tables 1 to 3 below.
- Q 1 and Q 2 are as defined above.
- the specific diamine 3 is a diamine having a structure that generates a primary amino group or a secondary amino group, and has a structure of an amino group protected by a thermal leaving group in the structure.
- a structure is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to contain at least one structure selected from the following structures from the viewpoint of easiness of thermal desorption.
- X 1 is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- a 1 to A 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and the total number of carbon atoms is 1 to 9 It is.
- * represents a bond with another atom.
- X 1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, an oxygen atom is preferable.
- a 1 to A 3 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, preferably 1 carbon atom. The total number of carbon atoms is 1 to 9, preferably 3 to 6.
- * represents a bond with another atom.
- Examples of the diamine having at least one structure selected from the above formula (a) and the above formula (b) in the structure include the following diamines.
- “Boc” is a tert-butoxycarbonyl group. *
- a diamine having a structure that generates a primary amino group or a secondary amino group, that is, a structure of an amino group protected by a thermal leaving group is used.
- a diamine having an amino group that is not protected and does not participate in polymerization may be used. Such diamines are exemplified below.
- a diamine other than the specific diamine (hereinafter also referred to as other diamine) is contained within the limit that exhibits the effects of the present invention. You may do it.
- Such a diamine is represented by the following general formula (3).
- Y is a divalent organic group derived from diamine, and its structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples of the structure of Y include the following formulas (Y-1) to (Y-99). *
- n and n are each an integer of 1 to 11
- m + n is an integer of 2 to 12
- h is an integer of 1 to 3.
- j is an integer of 0 to 3.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride used in producing a polyimide precursor preferably used as a polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is represented by the following formula (4).
- X is a tetravalent organic group derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and its structure is not particularly limited. Two or more kinds of X may be mixed in the polyimide precursor. Specific examples of X include structures of the following formula (X-1) to the following formula (X-44). *
- polyamic acid ester when manufacturing polyamic acid ester, it can manufacture using dicarboxylic acid diester corresponding to the various structures of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride mentioned here. *
- R 1 to R 4 in the above formula (X-1) are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group, or phenyl It is a group.
- the liquid crystal orientation may be lowered, so a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group is more preferable, and a hydrogen atom or a methyl group is particularly preferable.
- X preferably contains a structure selected from the above formulas (X-1) to (X-14) from the viewpoint of availability of monomers.
- the structure of X is an aliphatic group such as the above formula (X-1) to the above formula (X-7) and the above formula (X-10).
- the structure consisting only of these is preferable, and the structure represented by the above formula (X-1) is more preferable.
- the structure of X is more preferably the following formula (X1-1) or the following formula (X1-2). *
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention has the form of the solution in which the above-mentioned polyimide precursor or its imidized polymer (henceforth a polymer of a specific structure) was melt
- the molecular weight of the polymer having a specific structure is preferably 2,000 to 500,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and still more preferably 8,000 to 100,000.
- the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and still more preferably 4,000 to 50,000.
- the concentration of the polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention can be appropriately changed depending on the setting of the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but it is 1 weight from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film. % From the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, and preferably 10% by weight or less. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass. *
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as the polymer having a specific structure is uniformly dissolved.
- Specific examples thereof include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methylcaprolactam, Examples include 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and the like.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent uses a mixed solvent that is used in combination with a solvent that improves the coating properties and the surface smoothness of the coating film when the liquid crystal aligning agent is applied in addition to the above-described solvents.
- a mixed solvent is also preferably used in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention. Specific examples of the organic solvent to be used in combination are given below, but the organic solvent is not limited to these examples.
- ethanol isopropyl alcohol, 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, isopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, 3-methyl-2-butanol, neopentyl alcohol, 1-hexanol, 2-methyl-1-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-pentanol, 2-ethyl-1-butanol, 1-heptanol 2-heptanol, 3-heptanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, cyclohexanol, 1-methylcyclohexanol, 2-methylcyclohexanol, 3-methylcyclohexanol, 2,6- Zimechi -4-heptanol, 1,2-ethanedi
- D 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 2 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- D 3 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- preferred solvent combinations include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- propylene glycol monobutyl ether N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ⁇ -butyrolactone, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and diethylene glycol diethyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and propylene glycol monobutyl ether And diisopropyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, 2,6-dimethyl-4-heptanol, N-methyl-2-pi Examples include loridone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, and dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether.
- the kind and content of such a solvent are appropriately selected according to the application device, application conditions, application environment, and the like of the liquid crystal aligning agent. *
- liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in addition to the above, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired, a polymer other than the polymer described in the present invention, the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film, etc.
- Dielectric or conductive material for changing characteristics, silane coupling agent for improving adhesion between liquid crystal alignment film and substrate, crosslinkability for increasing hardness and density of liquid crystal alignment film When firing the compound, and further, the coating film, an imidization accelerator for the purpose of efficiently proceeding imidization by heating of the polyimide precursor may be added. *
- an additive such as a silane coupling agent may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, and other resin components may be added.
- Examples of the compound that improves the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include a functional silane-containing compound and an epoxy group-containing compound, such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3- Glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- (2- Aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- (2-aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl- 3-aminopropyl
- additives may be added to the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention in order to increase the mechanical strength of the film.
- additives are preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. If the amount is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the effect cannot be expected. If the amount exceeds 30 parts by mass, the orientation of the liquid crystal is lowered, and therefore the amount is more preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass. *
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal display element obtained by a known method after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention by the above-described method and performing alignment treatment by rubbing treatment or the like. is there.
- the method for producing a liquid crystal cell of a liquid crystal display element is not particularly limited.
- a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, with the liquid crystal alignment film surface inside.
- a method is used in which a spacer of 2 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m is placed and a periphery is fixed with a sealant, and liquid crystal is injected and sealed.
- the method for enclosing the liquid crystal is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a vacuum method of injecting liquid crystal after reducing the pressure inside the produced liquid crystal cell, and a dropping method of sealing after dropping the liquid crystal.
- liquid crystal display elements such as VA, TN, STN, TFT, and lateral electric field type, It can be used as a liquid crystal alignment film for ferroelectric and antiferroelectric liquid crystal display elements.
- ⁇ Viscosity> the viscosity of the polymer solution was measured using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a sample amount of 1.1 mL, cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24), temperature 25 Measured at ° C.
- the imidation ratio of polyimide in the synthesis example was measured as follows. 30 mg of polyimide powder was put into an NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard, ⁇ 5 (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku)), and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05 mass% TMS (tetramethylsilane)) (Mixed product) (0.53 ml) was added and completely dissolved by applying ultrasonic waves. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNW-ECA500) (manufactured by JEOL Datum).
- NMR nuclear magnetic resonance
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 ppm to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of amic acid
- y is a peak integrated value of reference proton
- ⁇ is one NH group proton of amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%) Is the number ratio of the reference proton to.
- Example 1 In a 1 L four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, DA-1 was 86.0 g (352 mmol), DA-2 was 53.4 g (95.9 mmol), and DA-3 was 76.5 g (191 mmol). Weighed out and added 1580 g of NMP and dissolved by stirring while feeding nitrogen. While stirring this diamine solution under water cooling, 93.2 g (416 mmol) of CA-1 was added, and 168 g of NMP was further added, followed by stirring at 40 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Example 2 To a 3 L Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 800 g of the polyamic acid solution (PAA-1) obtained in Example 1 was collected, 700 g of NMP, 69.7 g of acetic anhydride, and 18.0 g of pyridine were added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes and then reacted at 55 ° C. for 3 hours. This reaction solution was put into 5600 g of methanol, and the resulting precipitate was separated by filtration. The precipitate was washed with methanol and then dried under reduced pressure at a temperature of 60 ° C. to obtain a polyimide powder. The imidation ratio of this polyimide powder was 75%.
- Example 3 In a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 5.42 g of the polyamic acid solution (A-1) obtained in Example 1 and 5.41 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 were obtained. Weighed out and stirred for 2 hours with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-3).
- Example 4 In a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 5.55 g of the polyimide solution (A-2) obtained in Example 2 and 5.51 g of the polyimide solution (B-2) obtained in Synthesis Example 2 were weighed. Then, the mixture was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 2 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-4).
- Example 5 In a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 5.42 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 and 5.42 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-3) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 were used. Weighed out and stirred for 2 hours with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-5).
- Example 6 In a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask containing a stir bar, 5.62 g of the polyamic acid solution (A-1) obtained in Example 1 and 5.52 g of the polyamic acid solution (B-4) obtained in Synthesis Example 4 were obtained. Weighed out and stirred for 2 hours with a magnetic stirrer to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (A-6).
- bonding was performed so that the liquid crystal alignment film surface of the other substrate was inside, and the overlapping width of the substrates was 1 cm.
- the amount of the sealant dropped was adjusted so that the diameter of the sealant after bonding was about 3 mm.
- the two bonded substrates were fixed with a clip and then thermally cured at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to prepare a sample for evaluating adhesiveness.
- Example 7 to 12 The liquid crystal aligning agents (A-1) to (A-6) obtained in Examples 1 to 6 were each filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, and samples for adhesion evaluation were prepared and sealed as described above. The results of evaluating the adhesive strength are shown in Table 4.
- the sealing adhesive strength was high and good.
- Example 13 In a 200 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen introducing tube, 4.30 g (17.6 mmol) of DA-1, 2.67 g (4.80 mmol) of DA-2, and 3.27 g of DA-4 ( 9.57 mmol) was weighed, 75.1 g of NMP was added, and dissolved by stirring while feeding nitrogen. While stirring this diamine solution under water cooling, 4.66 g (20.7 mmol) of CA-1 was added, 9.34 g of NMP was further added, and the mixture was stirred at 40 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Example 14 In a 200 mL four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer and a nitrogen introduction tube, DA-1 (4.30 g, 17.6 mmol), DA-2 (2.67 g, 4.80 mmol), and DA-3, 1.91 g ( 4.80 mmol) and 1.64 g (4.80 mmol) of DA-4 were weighed out, 77.1 g of NMP was added, and dissolved by stirring while feeding nitrogen. While stirring this diamine solution under water cooling, 4.66 g (20.7 mmol) of CA-1 was added, and 8.88 g of NMP was further added, followed by stirring at 40 ° C. for 3 hours under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- a liquid crystal cell having a configuration of an FFS liquid crystal display element is manufactured.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- the substrate is a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 35 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- an IZO electrode constituting the counter electrode as the first layer is formed on the entire surface.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by the CVD method is formed as the second layer.
- the film thickness of the second SiN film is 100 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-like pixel electrode formed by patterning an IZO film is arranged as a third layer on the second layer SiN film to form two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel. is doing.
- the size of each pixel is 10 mm long and about 5 mm wide.
- the first-layer counter electrode and the third-layer pixel electrode are electrically insulated by the action of the second-layer SiN film.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-like shape configured by arranging a plurality of electrode elements having a bow shape with a bent central portion.
- the width in the short direction of each electrode element is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance between the electrode elements is 6 ⁇ m. Since the pixel electrode forming each pixel is configured by arranging a plurality of bent-shaped electrode elements having a bent central portion, the shape of each pixel is not a rectangular shape, and the central portion is similar to the electrode element. It has a shape similar to that of a bold, bent, bent at Each pixel is divided into upper and lower portions with a central bent portion as a boundary, and has a first region on the upper side of the bent portion and a second region on the lower side. *
- the formation directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes constituting them are different. That is, when the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal alignment film to be described later is used as a reference, in the first region of the pixel, the electrode element of the pixel electrode is formed to form an angle of + 10 ° (clockwise), and in the second region of the pixel The electrode elements of the pixel electrode are formed at an angle of ⁇ 10 ° (clockwise).
- the direction of the rotation operation (in-plane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the voltage application between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode in the substrate plane is It is comprised so that it may become a mutually reverse direction.
- liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Examples and Synthesis Examples were filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, and then applied to the prepared substrate with electrodes by spin coating. After drying on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 2 minutes, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a polyimide film having a thickness of 60 nm.
- This polyimide film is rubbed with a rayon cloth (roller diameter: 120 mm, roller rotation speed: 500 rpm, moving speed: 30 mm / sec, indentation length: 0.3 mm, rubbing direction: inclined by 10 ° with respect to the third layer IZO comb-teeth electrode Then, ultrasonic cleaning was performed for 1 minute in pure water for cleaning, and water droplets were removed by air blow. Then, it dried for 15 minutes at 80 degreeC, and obtained the board
- a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film was obtained.
- One set of these two substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film is printed, and the sealant is printed on the substrate leaving the liquid crystal injection port.
- the other substrate has the liquid crystal alignment film surface facing and the rubbing direction is antiparallel. They were pasted together.
- the sealing agent was cured to produce an empty cell having a cell gap of 4 ⁇ m.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.
- was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method was sealed to obtain an FFS liquid crystal cell.
- the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 120 ° C. for 1 hour and allowed to stand at 23 ° C. overnight, and then used for evaluation of liquid crystal alignment.
- the liquid crystal cell After leaving, the liquid crystal cell is placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal, and the backlight is turned on with no voltage applied so that the brightness of the transmitted light is minimized.
- the arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted. Then, the rotation angle when the liquid crystal cell was rotated from the angle at which the second region of the first pixel became darkest to the angle at which the first region became darkest was calculated as an angle ⁇ .
- the second area was compared with the first area, and a similar angle ⁇ was calculated. Then, the average value of the angle ⁇ values of the first pixel and the second pixel was calculated as the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell. That is, the smaller the angle, the better the liquid crystal alignment.
- Example 15 to 18 After the liquid crystal aligning agents (A-2), (A-4), (A-7) and (A-8) obtained in Examples 2, 4, 13, and 14 were each filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter. Table 5 shows the results of producing a sample for evaluating adhesiveness as described above and evaluating the sealing adhesive force, and the result of the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell.
- the sealing adhesive strength was high, the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell after aging was small, and the liquid crystal alignment was good.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can solve the display unevenness in the vicinity of the frame by enhancing the adhesiveness between the sealing agent and the liquid crystal aligning film in a narrow frame liquid crystal display element capable of securing a large number of display surfaces. Useful.
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Abstract
Description
(A)成分:下記式(1-1)及び下記式(1-2)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有するジアミン
(B)成分:下記式(2)の構造を有するジアミン
(C)成分:下記式(a)及び下記式(b)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有するジアミン
本発明の液晶配向膜は、芳香族複素環と、1級アミノ基及び2級アミノ基を構造中に有する重合体を含有する。
本発明の液晶配向膜中の重合体に含有される、上記芳香族複素環の例を挙げると、ピロール環、フラン環、チオフェン環、イミダゾール環、ピラゾール環、オキサゾール環、イソオキサゾール環、チアゾール環、イソチアゾール環等の五員環芳香族複素環;ピリジン環、ピリミジン環、ピリダジン環、ピラジン環、トリアジン環等の六員環芳香族複素環;キノリン、イソキノリン、クマリン、インドール、ベンズイミダゾール、ベンゾフラン等の多環芳香族ヘテロ環化合物が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤及びそれを用いて得られる液晶配向膜に含有される重合体は、芳香族複素環及び1級アミノ基及び2級アミノ基を構造中に有していれば特に限定はされないが、得られる液晶表示素子の特性及び信頼性の観点から、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン誘導体成分との反応物であるポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体であることが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤及びそれを用いて得られる液晶配向膜に含有される重合体としては、ポリイミド前駆体及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種の重合体であることが好ましいが、その製造に用いられるジアミン成分中には、芳香族複素環を生じる構造を有するジアミン(以下、特定ジアミン1とも言う)及び芳香族複素環を構造中に有するジアミン(以下、特定ジアミン2とも言う)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のジアミン、及び、1級アミノ基又は2級アミノ基を生じる構造を有するジアミン(以下、特定ジアミン3とも言う)が用いられる。
特定ジアミン1は、以下の式(1-1)、式(1-2)から選ばれる構造を有する。
特定ジアミン2は、以下の式(2)の構造を有する。
特定ジアミン3は、1級アミノ基又は2級アミノ基を生じる構造を有するジアミンであり、熱脱離基によって保護されたアミノ基の構造を構造中に有する。そのような構造は特に限定されないが、熱脱離のしやすさ等の観点から、以下の構造から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を含有することが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向膜を得る為の液晶配向剤の製造には、1級アミノ基又は2級アミノ基を生じる構造を有するジアミン、即ち、熱脱離基によって保護されたアミノ基の構造を構造中に有するジアミンが用いられるが、保護されておらず、かつ重合に関与しないアミノ基を有するジアミンを用いても構わない。そのようなジアミンは、以下に例示される。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体として好ましく用いられるポリイミド前駆体を製造するにあたっては、本発明の効果を奏する限度において、特定ジアミン以外のジアミン(以下、その他のジアミンとも言う)を含有しても良い。そのようなジアミンは、以下の一般式(3)で表される。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される重合体として好ましく用いられるポリイミド前駆体を製造するにあたって用いられるテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記式(4)で表される。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、前記したポリイミド前駆体またはそのイミド化重合体(以下、特定構造の重合体とする)が有機溶媒中に溶解された溶液の形態を有する。特定構造の重合体の分子量は、重量平均分子量で2,000~500,000が好ましく、より好ましくは5,000~300,000であり、さらに好ましくは、8,000~100,000である。また、数平均分子量は、好ましくは、1,000~250,000であり、より好ましくは、2,500~150,000であり、さらに好ましくは、4,000~50,000である。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記した手法により本発明の液晶配向剤から液晶配向膜付き基板を得、ラビング処理などにより配向処理を行った後、既知の方法により、液晶表示素子としたものである。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
DA-1:下記構造式(DA-1)
DA-2:下記構造式(DA-2)
DA-3:下記構造式(DA-3)
DA-4:下記構造式(DA-4)
DA-5:下記構造式(DA-5)
DA-6:下記構造式(DA-6)
DA-7:下記構造式(DA-7)
DA-8:下記構造式(DA-8)
DA-9:下記構造式(DA-9)
DA-10:下記構造式(DA-10)
CA-1:下記構造式(CA-1)
CA-2:下記構造式(CA-2)
CA-3:下記構造式(CA-3)
CA-4:下記構造式(CA-4)
合成例において、重合体溶液の粘度は、E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)、温度25℃で測定した。
合成例におけるポリイミドのイミド化率は次のようにして測定した。ポリイミド粉末30mgをNMR(核磁気共鳴)サンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6,0.05質量%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)(0.53ml)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定機(JNW-ECA500)(日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5ppm~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミド酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
上記式において、xはアミド酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミド酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミド酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの1Lの四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を86.0g(352mmol)、DA-2を53.4g(95.9mmol)、DA-3を76.5g(191mmol)量り取り、NMPを1580g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を93.2g(416mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを168g加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を28.2g(143mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを160g加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で4時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液(PAA-1)を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は200mPa・sであった。
撹拌子の入った3L三角フラスコに、実施例1で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(PAA-1)を800g分取し、NMPを700g、無水酢酸を69.7g、ピリジンを18.0g加え、室温で30分間撹拌した後、55℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液を5600gのメタノール中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄した後、温度60℃で減圧乾燥し、ポリイミドの粉末を得た。このポリイミドの粉末のイミド化率は、75%であった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を2.20g(9.00mmol)、DA-4を2.04g(5.97mmol)、DA-5を1.62g(15.0mmol)量り取り、NMPを59.3g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を6.32g(28.1mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを30.0g加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で3時間撹拌してポリアミック酸の溶液(PAA-2)を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は220mPa・sであった。
撹拌子の入った500mL三角フラスコに、合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(PAA-2)を90.0g分取し、NMPを45.0g、無水酢酸を8.14g、ピリジンを2.10g加え、室温で30分間撹拌した後、55℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液を600gのメタノール中に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄した後、温度60℃で減圧乾燥し、ポリイミドの粉末を得た。このポリイミドの粉末のイミド化率は、67%であった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-5を0.540g(4.99mmol)、DA-6を2.12g(8.75mmol)、DA-7を0.826g(2.50mmol)、DA-8を3.80g(8.75mmol)量り取り、NMPを41.3g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-3を3.12g(12.4mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを17.8g加え、窒素雰囲気下60℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を2.42g(12.3mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを14.1g加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で4時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は115mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-3を3.18g(8.00mmol)、DA-9を2.38g(6.00mmol)、DA-10を1.79g(6.00mmol)量り取り、NMPを66.2g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-4を4.25g(19.5mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを18.9g加え、窒素雰囲気下50℃で15時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は264mPa・sであった。
撹拌子を入れた50mL三角フラスコに、実施例1で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(A-1)5.42g、合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(B-1)を5.41g量り取り、マグネチックスターラーで2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(A-3)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mL三角フラスコに、実施例2で得られたポリイミドの溶液(A-2)5.50g、合成例2で得られたポリイミドの溶液(B-2)を5.51g量り取り、マグネチックスターラーで2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(A-4)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mL三角フラスコに、合成例1で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(B-1)5.42g、合成例3で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(B-3)を5.42g量り取り、マグネチックスターラーで2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(A-5)を得た。
撹拌子を入れた50mL三角フラスコに、実施例1で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(A-1)5.62g、合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸の溶液(B-4)を5.62g量り取り、マグネチックスターラーで2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(A-6)を得た。
実施例および合成例で得られた液晶配向剤を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、透明電極付きガラス基板上にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥後、230℃で20分間焼成して膜厚100nmの塗膜を得た。このようにして得られた2枚の基板を用意し、一方の基板の液晶配向膜面上に4μmビーズスペーサーを散布した後、シール剤(協立化学製XN-1500T)を滴下した。次いで、他方の基板の液晶配向膜面を内側にし、基板の重なり幅が1cmになるように、貼り合わせを行った。その際、貼り合わせ後のシール剤の直径が約3mmとなるようにシール剤滴下量を調整した。貼り合わせた2枚の基板をクリップにて固定した後、120℃で1時間熱硬化させて、接着性評価用のサンプルを作製した。
実施例1~6で得られた液晶配向剤(A-1)~(A-6)をそれぞれ1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、上記記載のように接着性評価用のサンプルを作製しシール接着力を評価した結果を表4に示す。
合成例1~4で得られた液晶配向剤(B-1)~(B-4)をそれぞれ1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、上記記載のように接着性評価用のサンプルを作製しシール接着力を評価した結果を表4に示す。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を4.30g(17.6mmol)、DA-2を2.67g(4.80mmol)、DA-4を3.27g(9.57mmol)量り取り、NMPを75.1g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を4.66g(20.7mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを9.34g加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を1.78g(9.08mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを8.00g加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で4時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は304mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの200mLの四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を4.30g(17.6mmol)、DA-2を2.67g(4.80mmol)、DA-3を1.91g(4.80mmol)、DA-4を1.64g(4.80mmol)量り取り、NMPを77.1g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を4.66g(20.7mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを8.88g加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を1.71g(8.69mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを8.00g加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で4時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は312mPa・sであった。
撹拌装置及び窒素導入管付きの1Lの四つ口フラスコに、DA-1を4.30g(17.6mmol)、DA-3を5.73g(14.3mmol)量り取り、NMPを73.6g加え、窒素を送りながら撹拌して溶解させた。このジアミン溶液を水冷下で撹拌しながら、CA-1を4.66g(20.7mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを9.69g加え、窒素雰囲気下40℃で3時間撹拌した。さらに、CA-2を1.50g(7.65mmol)添加し、さらにNMPを8.53g加え、窒素雰囲気下23℃で4時間撹拌し、ポリアミック酸の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸の溶液の温度25℃における粘度は290mPa・sであった。
以下に、液晶配向性を評価するための液晶セルの作製方法を示す。
実施例2、4、13、14で得られた液晶配向剤(A-2)、(A-4)、(A-7)及び(A-8)をそれぞれ1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、上記記載のように接着性評価用のサンプルを作製しシール接着力を評価した結果および上記液晶セルの角度Δの結果を表5に示す。
合成例5で得られた液晶配向剤(B-5)を1.0μmのフィルターで濾過した後、上記記載のように接着性評価用のサンプルを作製しシール接着力を評価した結果および上記液晶セルの角度Δの結果を表5に示す。
Claims (7)
- 芳香族複素環と1級アミノ基及び2級アミノ基を構造中に有する重合体を含有することを特徴とする、液晶配向膜。
- 焼成物からなる膜であり、前記芳香族複素環の骨格と前記1級アミノ基及び前記2級アミノ基が焼成により生成された構造中に含有することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 前記芳香族複素環が、ピリジン骨格、ベンズイミダゾール骨格、またはイミダゾール骨格であることを特徴とする、請求項1または請求項2に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 前記焼成物が、100℃~300℃の焼成温度により生成されてなることを特徴とする、請求項2に記載の液晶配向膜。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする、液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1から請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜を得るための液晶配向剤。
- 下記成分(A)及び下記成分(B)から選ばれる少なくとも1種のジアミン並びに下記成分(C)の骨格を含有するジアミンを含有するジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応物であるポリアミック酸及びそのイミド化物であるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1つの重合体を含有することを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の液晶配向剤。
(A)成分:下記式(1-1)及び下記式(1-2)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有するジアミン
(B)成分:下記式(2)の構造を有するジアミン
(C)成分:下記式(a)及び下記式(b)から選ばれる少なくとも1種の構造を有するジアミン
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