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WO2018040902A1 - 电池模组、动力电池包及汽车 - Google Patents

电池模组、动力电池包及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018040902A1
WO2018040902A1 PCT/CN2017/097403 CN2017097403W WO2018040902A1 WO 2018040902 A1 WO2018040902 A1 WO 2018040902A1 CN 2017097403 W CN2017097403 W CN 2017097403W WO 2018040902 A1 WO2018040902 A1 WO 2018040902A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
battery module
heat dissipation
plate
air
battery
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/097403
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
仝志伟
赖庆
朱建华
朱燕
Original Assignee
比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 比亚迪股份有限公司 filed Critical 比亚迪股份有限公司
Priority to US16/327,851 priority Critical patent/US20190198951A1/en
Priority to KR1020197005648A priority patent/KR20190032552A/ko
Priority to JP2019531510A priority patent/JP2019530191A/ja
Priority to EP17845204.1A priority patent/EP3490029A1/en
Publication of WO2018040902A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018040902A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64—Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6554—Rods or plates
    • H01M10/6555—Rods or plates arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
    • H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/658—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/218—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material
    • H01M50/22—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by the material of the casings or racks
    • H01M50/222—Inorganic material
    • H01M50/224—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/258—Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271—Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the disclosure belongs to the technical field of new energy vehicles, and in particular relates to a battery module, a power battery pack and a vehicle.
  • the power battery pack is a power supply device for a new energy vehicle.
  • the power battery pack is composed of a plurality of battery modules arranged side by side, and each battery module is formed by stacking a plurality of single cells.
  • the heat dissipation method of the battery module is usually air-cooled and water-cooled.
  • the existing battery module air cooling solutions are as follows:
  • a heat dissipation plate is placed on the top surface and the bottom surface of the battery module, and the top surface and the bottom surface of the square battery core (single battery) are in close contact with the two heat dissipation plates respectively, and the heat dissipation is slightly lower than that of the first solution. Increase, however, manufacturing costs increase by 60% to 80%.
  • the battery core conducts heat to the radiator or tray at the bottom of the battery module through the temperature equalizing plate (heat pipe), and the heat is taken out of the power battery pack through the air-cooling structure disposed on the tray.
  • the proportion of the heat dissipation area of the battery core (the contact area of the heat dissipation plate and the battery core as a percentage of the surface area of the battery core) is 5% to 25%, and the heat dissipation is performed.
  • the effect is limited, the magnification of the battery module can be 1 ⁇ 2C; and the heat sink required for the scheme (2) is large in volume and high in cost, and is difficult to be applied to the power battery pack in a sealed state.
  • the air-cooling heat dissipation structure of the above scheme (3) is relatively small in volume, but the heat transfer efficiency of the heat pipe is low, and the heat dissipation efficiency of the tray heat sink is not high (the heat dissipation area is limited), so the continuous charge and discharge rate of the power battery pack of the solution is only It can be achieved within 1C, and it cannot solve the heat dissipation problem when the battery module is rapidly charged and discharged (3 to 6C high rate charge and discharge).
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present disclosure is to provide a battery module for the defects of the existing battery module air-cooling heat dissipation structure, which has a small heat dissipation area and limited heat dissipation efficiency.
  • a battery module including a plurality of intermediate partitions stacked along a battery module, a plurality of single cells, a mounting plate disposed on a front side of the battery module, and a fan fixed on the mounting plate,
  • the middle partition plate is provided with an intermediate heat dissipation air plate
  • the middle heat dissipation air plate is internally formed with an intermediate heat dissipation air passage penetrating in the front-rear direction, and the left side surface of the intermediate heat dissipation air plate and the right side of the single battery on the left side thereof
  • the right side surface of the intermediate heat dissipation air plate exchanges heat with the left side surface of the unit cell on the right side thereof
  • the intermediate heat dissipation air channel has a first air outlet and a second air outlet
  • the mounting plate and the single air inlet A chamber is disposed between the front end faces of the battery, the first tuyere is in communication with the chamber, and the second tuyere is disposed on
  • the intermediate heat dissipation air plate is integrally formed with the intermediate partition plate.
  • a guide groove is disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the intermediate heat dissipation air plate, and a guide rail that is slidingly engaged with the guide groove is disposed at a corresponding position on the middle partition plate.
  • the guiding groove extends along the front-back direction of the side or the lower side of the intermediate heat-dissipating wind plate, and one end of the guiding groove is provided with a bayonet, and a position corresponding to the bayonet on the rail is limited. And the bayonet is snapped into the limiting block to limit an insertion position of the guiding slot relative to the guide rail.
  • the other end of the guiding slot is provided with a card plate, and the position of the guiding plate corresponding to the card board is provided with an anti-detachment barb, and the anti-detachment barb can be hooked when the guiding slot is inserted into position The card plate is held to prevent the guide rail from coming out of the guide groove.
  • a plurality of laminates for dividing the intermediate heat dissipation air passage into a plurality of unit air ducts are disposed in the intermediate heat dissipation air panel.
  • a plurality of ribs are disposed in the unit air duct.
  • the first thermal insulation insulating mat is sandwiched between the left side surface of the intermediate heat dissipation panel and the right side surface of the unit cell on the left side thereof, and the right side surface of the intermediate heat dissipation air panel and the left side surface of the unit cell on the right side thereof.
  • the battery module further includes a bottom heat dissipation air plate disposed under the plurality of the single battery cells, wherein an upper surface of the bottom heat dissipation plate exchanges heat with a lower surface of the battery cell, and the bottom heat dissipation
  • the bottom of the wind plate is formed with a bottom heat dissipation air passage penetrating in the front-rear direction, the bottom heat dissipation air passage has a third air outlet and a fourth air outlet, the third air outlet is in communication with the chamber, and the fourth air outlet is disposed on the battery
  • the rear side of the module is in communication with the outside of the battery module.
  • the bottom heat dissipation air panel includes a heat dissipation plate and a plurality of fins disposed side by side at the bottom of the heat dissipation plate, and a bottom protection cover is disposed under the bottom heat dissipation air plate, and the bottom protection cover is The bottom heat dissipation air passage is formed between the fins.
  • a second heat conductive insulating pad is interposed between the heat dissipation plate and the lower surfaces of the plurality of unit cells.
  • a first side plate is fixedly disposed on an outer side of the battery cell of the rightmost side of the battery module, and a second side is fixedly disposed on an outer side of the single cell of the leftmost battery module Side panel.
  • a right side metal plate is fixed on an outer side of the first side plate
  • a left side metal plate is fixed on an outer side of the second side plate
  • a top protection cover is disposed on a top of the battery module
  • the mounting plate The left side, the right side, the upper side, and the lower side are respectively fixedly connected to the left metal plate, the right metal plate, the top protective cover and the bottom protective cover, and the battery module management unit is fixedly disposed on the mounting plate.
  • the fan is a fan
  • the mounting plate is provided with a first fan mounting hole and a second fan mounting hole, and the fan is installed in the first fan mounting hole and the second fan mounting hole.
  • the present disclosure also provides a power battery pack including a plurality of the above battery modules.
  • the intermediate heat dissipation air passages of the plurality of battery modules have the same direction.
  • the power battery pack further includes a housing composed of a battery tray and a battery pack sealing cover, the battery pack sealing cover being connected at a top of the battery tray to be in the battery pack sealing cover and the battery tray Forming a battery module installation space, wherein the plurality of battery modules are disposed at intervals in the battery module installation space to connect between two adjacent battery modules and/or the battery module
  • An external air duct is formed between the inner side wall of the casing, and the outer air passage communicates with the intermediate heat dissipation air passage and the chamber through the second air outlet.
  • the plurality of battery mold components are arranged in two rows of the same quantity, and the two battery modules of each column are flush, and the external air passages are formed on the battery module and the battery tray.
  • An outer circulation air passage between the inner side walls and an outer central air passage formed between the two rows of the battery modules, and two ends of the outer central air passage are provided with a semiconductor refrigeration heating module, the semiconductor refrigeration heating module Separating the external central air duct from the external circulation air passage, and the external circulation air passage is connected to the outside of the power battery pack through the semiconductor refrigeration heating module, wherein one row of the battery module of the battery module is exhausted, and another line The fan of the battery module is blown.
  • a bottom of the battery tray is provided with a tray heat dissipating air passage penetrating the battery tray, and a spoiler is disposed at a side opening of the tray heat dissipating air passage toward the front of the vehicle, and the spoiler is provided with A spoiler air duct control cover opening on a side of the tray heat dissipation air duct toward the front of the vehicle may be opened or closed.
  • the fan can be blown from the second tuyere or to the second tuyere via the intermediate heat dissipating air passage and the chamber, so that the fan can make the air (cold, normal temperature or hot air) in the middle.
  • the heat dissipation air duct circulates, the left side surface of the middle heat dissipation air plate exchanges heat with the right side surface of the single battery on the left side, and the right side surface of the middle heat dissipation air plate exchanges heat with the left side surface of the single battery on the right side.
  • the intermediate heat dissipating air plate continuously exchanges heat with the left and right side surfaces of the unit cell
  • the inner side wall of the middle heat dissipating air channel is a heat exchange surface
  • the ratio of the heat exchange surface to the surface area of the unit cell is far more than 25%.
  • the present invention can be applied to a battery module with a cell energy of 50-80Ah to achieve 4C continuous charging and discharging; and a battery module with a cell energy of 20-40Ah can realize continuous charging and discharging of 6C; It can be seen that the battery module of the present disclosure can solve the heat dissipation during rapid charge and discharge (3 to 6 C high rate charge and discharge). problem. Moreover, when the battery module needs to be heated, the heat exchange surface transfers heat in the air flowing through the intermediate heat dissipation air passage to the single battery through the intermediate heat dissipation air plate to achieve heating of the battery module. In this way, the vehicle equipped with the power turret bag can be adapted to a cold area.
  • the present disclosure also provides an automobile including the above-described power battery pack.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery module in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is an exploded view of a battery module in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the battery module vertically cut in the front-rear direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a battery module vertically cut in a left-right direction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate heat dissipation air panel of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a battery module (with the top protective cover removed) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 7 is a rear view of a battery module (with the top protective cover removed) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the assembly of a mounting plate, an intermediate heat dissipation air plate, and a bottom heat dissipation air plate of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 9 is an exploded view of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is another perspective view of Figure 9;
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing positions of a single battery, an intermediate heat dissipation air plate, and a bottom heat dissipation air plate of a battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic view showing an assembly process of an intermediate partition and an intermediate heat dissipation panel of a battery module according to another embodiment of the present disclosure
  • Figure 13 is an enlarged view of a in Figure 12;
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate partition of a battery module in accordance with another embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • Figure 15 is an enlarged view of the portion b in Figure 14;
  • 16 is a schematic diagram of an intermediate heat dissipation air panel of a battery module integrally formed on a middle partition plate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the internal structure of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 18 is an exploded view of a power battery pack according to an embodiment of the present disclosure (spoiler air duct control cover open);
  • FIG 19 is an exploded view of a power battery pack (spoiler air duct control cover closed) in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • 100 a battery module; 101, a first side plate; 102, a right side metal plate; 103, a second side plate; 104, a left side metal plate; 105, a top protective cover; 106, a bottom protective cover; 107, a battery mold Group management unit;
  • the orientation of the mounting plate on the battery module is the front side of the battery module, and the left, right, rear, top (top), and bottom of the battery module. (Bottom) are referenced to the front side. The specific orientations are shown in Figures 1, 2 and 6.
  • a battery module 100 includes a plurality of intermediate partitions 1 and a plurality of square single cells 2 stacked along the left and right direction of the battery module 100 .
  • the intermediate partition 1 is provided with an intermediate heat radiating plate 5, and the intermediate heat radiating plate 5 is formed inside.
  • the left side surface of the unit cell 2 on the side is heat exchanged, and the areas of the upper surface, the lower surface, the front side surface, and the rear side surface of the square unit cell 2 are much smaller than the areas of the left side surface and the right side surface.
  • the intermediate air outlet 51 has a first air outlet 511 and a second air outlet 512.
  • the mounting plate 3 and the front end surface of the unit battery 2 are provided with a chamber 6, the first air outlet 511 and the chamber.
  • the second tuyeres 512 are disposed on the rear side of the battery module 100 and communicate with the outside of the battery module 100.
  • two adjacent intermediate partitions 1 are snap-fitted to achieve stacking, and at the same time, the unit cells 2 have a tightening effect.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 8 there are two fans 4 , and the mounting plate 3 is provided with a first fan mounting hole 31 and a second fan mounting hole 32 , and the fan 4 is installed in the First fan mounting hole 31 and second fan installation
  • the holes 32 are arranged at intervals in the left-right direction of the mounting plate 3.
  • one or more fans 4 may be used, which is designed according to heat dissipation requirements.
  • the exhaust in this context refers to the use of an exhaust fan to generate a negative pressure in the chamber 6, and draws air from the rear side of the battery module 100, so that the wind passes through the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 from the rear side of the battery module 100 (the bottom heat dissipation duct) 81), after the chamber 6 and the fan 4, are discharged from the front side of the battery module 100;
  • the blowing here refers to the use of a blowing fan to draw air from the front side of the battery module 100 to make the wind from the battery module 100.
  • the front side passes through the fan 4, the chamber 6, and the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 (the bottom heat dissipation duct 81), and is blown out from the rear side of the battery module 100.
  • the first air outlet 511 is an air outlet of the intermediate heat dissipation air duct 51
  • the second air outlet 512 is an air inlet of the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51.
  • the fan 4 can be ventilated from the second tuyere 512 via the intermediate air duct 51 and the chamber 6, that is, the air outside the battery module 100 flows through the intermediate air duct 51 and the chamber through the second tuyeres 512. 6. Exhaust from the front side of the fan 4 to the outside of the battery module 100.
  • the fan 4 draws air (normal temperature or cold air) outside the battery module 100 into the interior of the battery module 100, and the two large sides of the unit battery 2 (left and right sides)
  • the heat is transmitted to the intermediate heat radiating fin 5 and is radiated to the intermediate heat dissipating duct 51 by the inner side wall (heat exchange surface) of the intermediate heat dissipating duct 51, and the air is taken away by the intermediate heat dissipating duct 51 to carry out the heat.
  • Battery 2 dissipates heat.
  • the fan 4 draws air (hot air) outside the battery module 100 into the interior of the battery module 100, and the heat in the air is replaced by the inner side wall of the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51.
  • the hot surface is conducted to the two larger sides (left and right sides) of the unit cells 2 through the intermediate heat radiating fins 5, that is, the cells 2 are heated while flowing through the intermediate fins 51.
  • the fan 4 can also blow air.
  • the first air outlet 511 is an air inlet of the intermediate heat dissipation air duct 51
  • the second air outlet 512 is an air outlet of the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51.
  • the fan 4 can blow air to the second tuyere 512 via the intermediate heat dissipating air passage 51 and the chamber 6, that is, air outside the battery module 100 is introduced through the front side of the fan 4, flowing through the cavity 6, the middle After the heat dissipation air passage 51, the second air outlet 512 (the rear side of the battery module 100) is blown out.
  • the intermediate heat dissipation air plate 5 is integrally formed with the intermediate partition plate 1.
  • the intermediate heat dissipation air plate 5 can be integrally molded by injection molding (embedded).
  • the intermediate partition plate 1 is such that the intermediate partition plate 1 can be assembled and assembled arbitrarily, with good expandability, simple assembly, and improved assembly efficiency of the product.
  • a T-shaped structure is disposed on each side of the intermediate heat radiating panel 5 in the height direction, and the T-shaped structure has the functions of facilitating injection molding positioning and improving the overall strength of the product.
  • a plurality of layers 52 for dividing the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 into a plurality of unit air ducts 513 are disposed in the intermediate heat dissipation air panel 5, and the plurality of unit air ducts 513 are disposed. Bars 53.
  • the number of the specific layer plates 52 is eight, and the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51 is divided into nine identical square unit air ducts 513, and four unit strips 53 are disposed in each of the unit air ducts 513.
  • the above unit air duct 513 and the rib 53 are integrally extruded, which can greatly improve the wind. The strength of the board and the reduction of extrusion deformation.
  • the four ribs 53 increase the heat exchange area of the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51, enhance the turbulence of the air flowing through the intermediate heat dissipation air panel, thereby improving the heat transfer coefficient and achieving the purpose of enhancing the heat dissipation effect.
  • first thermally conductive insulating pad 7 is interposed between the left side faces of the two. That is, the first heat conductive insulating pad 7 described above is interposed between the intermediate heat radiating fin 5 and the unit cells 2 on both sides.
  • the first thermal conductive insulating pad has a thermal conductivity of 1 to 2 W/Mk and has good wear resistance and insulation properties, and may be, but not limited to, thermal rubber, UTP100 thermal conductive insulating sheet, and the like.
  • the battery module 100 further includes a bottom heat dissipation air plate 8 disposed under the plurality of the unit batteries 2, and an upper surface of the bottom heat dissipation plate 8 and the battery unit.
  • the bottom surface of the bottom heat dissipation air plate 8 is formed with a bottom heat dissipation air passage 81 penetrating in the front-rear direction, and the bottom heat dissipation air passage 81 has a third air outlet 811 and a fourth air outlet 812, the third The tuyere 812 is in communication with the chamber 6, and the fourth tuyere 812 is disposed on the rear side of the battery module 100 and communicates with the outside of the battery module 100.
  • the fan 4 corresponding to the air blowing function corresponds to the air outlet of the bottom heat dissipation duct 81
  • the fourth air outlet 812 is the air inlet of the bottom heat dissipation duct 81.
  • the fan 4 can draw air from the fourth tuyere 812 via the bottom heat dissipating air passage 81 and the chamber 6. That is, the air outside the battery module 100 flows through the bottom air duct 81 and the cavity 6 through the fourth air outlet 812, and is discharged outside the battery module 100 via the front side of the fan 4.
  • the fan 4 corresponding to the blowing function
  • the third tuyere 811 is the air inlet of the bottom heat dissipating air passage 81
  • the fourth tuyere 812 is the air outlet of the bottom heat dissipating air duct 81.
  • the fan 4 can blow air to the fourth tuyere 512 via the bottom heat dissipating air passage 81 and the chamber 6, that is, air outside the battery module 100 is introduced through the front side of the fan 4, and flows through the cavity 6 and the bottom. After the heat dissipation duct 81 is blown out from the fourth tuyere 812 (the rear side of the battery module 100).
  • the bottom heat dissipation air duct 81 and the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51 are independent of each other.
  • the bottom heat dissipation air panel 8 is a fin heat sink, and includes a heat dissipation plate 82 and a plurality of fins 83 arranged side by side at the bottom of the heat dissipation plate 82.
  • a bottom protection cover 106 is disposed below the heat dissipation air plate 8, and the bottom heat dissipation air passage 81 is formed between the bottom protection cover 106 and the plurality of fins 83.
  • a second heat conductive insulating pad 9 is interposed between the heat dissipation plate 82 and a plurality of lower surfaces of the unit cells 2 . The function of the second thermally conductive insulating pad 9 is similar to that of the first thermally conductive insulating pad 7.
  • a negative pressure region is formed in the cavity 6 between the first tuyere 511 and the third tuyere 811 and the mounting plate 3.
  • the magnitude and distribution of the negative pressure are related to the static pressure, the rotational speed and the air volume of the fan; Simulation and testing can determine the best fan model, number, and mounting location.
  • the number of the intermediate heat dissipation fins 5 is related to the arrangement of the unit cells 2.
  • two left and right sides of the intermediate heat dissipation air panel 5 are provided with two single cells 2, and the two single cells 2 are flush in the front and rear directions.
  • the unit cells 2 are arranged in two rows in the left-right direction.
  • the intermediate heat dissipation panel 5 The left side of the left side heat exchanges with the right side of the two unit cells 2 on the left side thereof, and the right side surface of the intermediate heat radiating air plate 5 exchanges heat with the left side surface of the two unit cells 2 on the right side thereof.
  • the heat dissipation air plate 5 is located between the four single cells 2, so that the volume of the battery module can be reduced as much as possible while ensuring the same heat dissipation efficiency of the battery module.
  • one single cell 2 or three or more single cells 2 may be respectively disposed on the left and right sides of the intermediate heat dissipation panel 5.
  • the fan 4 draws air (normal temperature or cold air) outside the battery module 100 to the inside of the battery module 100 via the second air outlet 512 and the fourth air outlet 812 (the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 and The bottom heat dissipating duct 81), the heat of the two larger sides (left and right sides) of the unit cell 2 is conducted to the intermediate fins 5 and is intermediate to the inner side wall (heat exchange surface) of the intermediate fins 51
  • the heat dissipating air passage 51 is dissipated, and when the air flows through the intermediate heat dissipating air passage 51, heat is taken away to realize heat dissipation of the unit battery 2.
  • the fan 4 draws air (hot air) outside the battery module 100 into the interior of the battery module 100, and the heat in the air is replaced by the inner side wall of the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51.
  • the hot surface is conducted to the two larger sides (left and right sides) of the unit cells 2 through the intermediate heat radiating fins 5, that is, the cells 2 are heated while flowing through the intermediate fins 51.
  • the present embodiment is provided with a plurality of intermediate heat dissipation air panels 5 in parallel.
  • a plurality of intermediate heat dissipation air panels 5 By optimizing the size and proportion of the air inlets of the plurality of intermediate heat dissipation air panels 5 and the bottom heat dissipation air panels 8 , an optimal size can be achieved.
  • the heat dissipation effect and the best temperature consistency improve the charge and discharge rate and life of the battery module.
  • the number of the intermediate heat radiating panels 5 is designed as needed according to the number and arrangement of the battery cells.
  • the fan 4 can also blow air, and the fan 4 can blow the second air outlet 512 through the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 and the chamber 6, that is, the air outside the battery module 100 passes.
  • the outside of the fan is introduced, flows through the cavity 6, and the intermediate heat dissipating duct 51, and is blown out from the second tuyere 512.
  • a first side plate 101 is fixedly disposed on an outer side of the battery cell 100 on the rightmost side, and a right side metal plate 102 is fixed on an outer side of the first side plate 101 .
  • the battery module 100 is fixedly disposed on the outer side of the single cell 2 on the left side of the second side plate 103, and the outer side of the second side plate is fixed with a left side metal plate 104.
  • the top of the 100 is provided with a top protection cover 105.
  • the bottom of the battery module 100 is provided with a bottom protection cover 106.
  • the bottom heat dissipation air plate 8 is disposed on a plurality of lower surfaces of the unit cells 2 and the bottom protection cover.
  • the left side, the right side, the upper side, and the lower side of the mounting plate 3 are respectively fixedly connected to the left metal plate 104, the right metal plate 102, the top protective cover 105, and the bottom protective cover 106 by bolts. .
  • the top protective cover 105 is composed of three plates arranged side by side.
  • a battery module management unit 107 is fixedly disposed on the mounting board 3.
  • the left side of the intermediate heat radiating panel 5 exchanges heat with the right side surface of the unit cell 2 on the left side thereof, and the right side surface of the intermediate heat radiating panel 5 and the unit on the right side thereof
  • the left side surface of the battery 2 exchanges heat, that is, the intermediate heat dissipation air plate 5 and the left and right sides of the unit cell 2 have a large heat exchange, and the bottom heat dissipation air plate 8 can be combined with the battery sheet.
  • the bottom surface of the body 2 is heat exchanged, and the ratio of the sum of the heat exchange surface of the intermediate heat dissipating duct 51 to the heat exchange surface of the bottom heat dissipating duct 81 and the surface area of the unit cell is greater than or equal to ⁇ 75% (wherein the C17 battery can reach 75%) , C20 battery up to 85%), high heat dissipation efficiency.
  • Simulation and testing show that the present invention can be applied to a battery module with a cell capacity of 50-80Ah to achieve 4C continuous charging and discharging; and a battery module with a cell capacity of 20-40Ah can realize continuous charging and discharging of 6C; It can be seen that the battery module can solve the heat dissipation problem during rapid charge and discharge (3 to 6C high rate charge and discharge).
  • the heat exchange surface of the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51 conducts heat in the air flowing through the intermediate heat dissipation air passage 51 to the unit battery 2 via the intermediate heat dissipation air panel 5, and the bottom heat dissipation air passage 81
  • the heat exchange surface conducts heat in the air flowing through the bottom heat dissipation duct 81 to the unit cells 2 through the bottom heat dissipation air panel 8 to achieve heating of the battery module 100.
  • the vehicle equipped with the battery module 100 can be adapted to a cold area.
  • the intermediate heat dissipation panel 5 is fixed to the intermediate partition 1 by a detachable connection (snap).
  • a guide groove 54 is disposed on the upper side and the lower side of the intermediate heat dissipation air plate 5 , and a guide rail that is slidably engaged with the guide groove 54 is disposed at a corresponding position on the intermediate partition plate 1 .
  • the guide groove 54 extends in the front-rear direction of the upper side or the lower side of the intermediate heat dissipation air plate 5, and one end of the guide groove 54 is provided with a bayonet 541, and the guide rail 11 corresponds to the bayonet 541.
  • the position of the limit block 111 is set, and the bayonet 541 is snapped into the limit block 111 to limit the insertion position of the guide groove 54 with respect to the guide rail 11.
  • the other end of the guiding groove 54 is provided with a clamping plate 542.
  • the position of the guiding plate 11 corresponding to the clamping plate 542 is provided with a detachment preventing barb 112, and the detachment preventing barb 112 is at the guiding groove 54.
  • the guide groove 54 is provided with one end of the bayonet 541 as its rear end (based on the orientation of the battery module 100), and the other end of the card plate 542 is the front end of the guide groove 54 (with the battery module)
  • the orientation of 100 is the base).
  • one end of the limiting block 111 is disposed on the guide rail 11 as its rear end (based on the orientation of the battery module 100), and one end of the guide rail 11 provided with the anti-detachment barb 112 is its front end (in terms of The orientation of the battery module 100 is a reference).
  • the detachable connection method can reduce the precision requirement of the injection mold of the intermediate partition 1, and the intermediate heat dissipation panel 5 is separately formed, so that the intermediate heat dissipation panel
  • the intermediate heat dissipating duct 51 in the 5 is easier to mold, and the assembly and rework cost are low.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a power battery package including a casing composed of a battery tray 200 and a battery pack sealing cover 300, and a plurality of the battery modules 100 described above.
  • the battery pack sealing cover 300 is sealingly connected to the top of the battery tray 200 to form a battery module mounting space between the battery pack sealing cover 300 and the battery tray 200, and the plurality of battery modules 100 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the external air The passage 400 communicates with the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 and the chamber 6 through the second tuyere 512.
  • the external air duct 400 is also in communication with the bottom heat dissipation air duct 81 and the chamber 6 through the fourth air outlet 812.
  • the intermediate heat dissipation ducts 51 of the plurality of battery modules 100 have the same direction.
  • the bottom heat dissipation ducts 81 of the plurality of battery modules 100 have the same course.
  • the plurality of battery modules 100 are arranged in two rows of the same number, that is, four battery modules 100 per row (ie, each battery module has two battery modules 100), and each column has The two battery modules 100 are flush with each other, so that the intermediate heat dissipating air passages 51 of the two battery modules 100 in the same row are on the same straight line, and the bottom heat dissipating air passages 81 of the two battery modules 100 in the same row are also in the same line. On the line.
  • the external air duct 400 includes an outer circulation air duct 401 formed between the battery module 100 and an inner side wall of the battery tray 200, and is formed between the two rows of the battery modules 100.
  • An external central air duct 402 is disposed at both ends of the external central air duct 402 with a semiconductor refrigeration heating module 500.
  • the external circulation air passage 401 communicates with the outside of the power battery pack through the semiconductor refrigeration heating module 500.
  • Module 500 isolates the outer central duct 402 from the outer recirculation duct 401.
  • an inner circulation air passage protection cover 600 is interposed between the battery pack sealing cover 300 and the battery tray 200.
  • the two battery modules 100 on the same column are flush and left, and the four battery modules 100 on the same row are flush with each other.
  • One row of the battery module 100 is exhausted by the fan, and the other row is The fan of the battery module 100 blows.
  • the battery modules of 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4# are one row, and the battery modules of 5#, 6#, 7#, and 8# are one row.
  • 1# battery module and 8# battery module are in the same column
  • 2# battery module and 7# battery module are in the same column
  • 3# battery module and 6# battery module are in the same column
  • 4# battery module Same as the 5# battery module.
  • the rear side of the 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4# battery modules is facing the rear side of the 5#, 6#, 7#, and 8# battery modules, and the 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# battery modules
  • the fan 4 on the group is used for blowing, and the fan 4 formed on the blower fan 4a, 5#, 6#, 7#, 8# battery module is used for drawing air, and is formed as the exhaust fan 4b.
  • the bottom of the battery tray 200 is provided with a tray heat dissipation duct 201 penetrating the battery tray 200, and the tray heat dissipation duct 201 is provided with a spoiler toward a side opening of the vehicle front side.
  • the spoiler 202 is provided with a spoiler air duct control cover 203 that can open or close an opening of the tray heat dissipating duct 201 toward the front side of the vehicle.
  • the semiconductor cooling and heating module 500 is disposed at both ends of the external central air duct 402, so that heat exchange between the inside of the battery module 100 and the external air duct 400 can be realized. Under the condition that the sealing of the power battery pack is not changed, the function of heat dissipation (cooling) and heating of the power battery pack can be realized by using air as a refrigerant.
  • the power battery pack can realize the heating mode of the power battery pack and the multi-stage cooling (heat dissipation) mode, as follows:
  • the heating mode is turned on, the spoiler duct control cover 203 at the front end of the power battery pack is closed, and the tray heat dissipating duct 201 is The power battery pack is isolated from the outside and cannot enter the wind.
  • the semiconductor heat exchange module 500 activates the heating mode, and the series internal air passages (the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 and the bottom heat dissipation air passage 81) and the blower fan 4a for blowing the external air duct 400 and the exhaust fan 4b for exhausting are activated, and the air passes through the semiconductor.
  • the heat exchange module 500 is heated, and then enters the intermediate heat dissipation duct 51 and the bottom heat dissipation air passage 81 of the 1#, 2#, 3#, and 4# battery modules via the blower fan 4a to realize 1#, 2#, 3#, 4#
  • the battery module 100 is uniformly and efficiently heated; then, the hot air from the 1#, 2#, 3#, 4# battery modules 100 passes through the external central air duct 402 and enters 5#, 6#, 7#, 8
  • the intermediate heat dissipating air passage 51 and the bottom heat dissipating air passage 81 of the battery module 100 realize uniform and efficient heating of the 5#, 6#, 7#, and 8# battery modules 100; finally, the exhaust fan 4b discharges air to the outside circulation. In the duct 401, this cycle.
  • Level 0 cooling As shown in Figure 17 and Figure 18, if the temperature of the vehicle is slightly higher during driving, the spoiler duct control cover 203 at the front end of the power battery pack can be opened, and the airflow flows through the tray cooling duct at high speed during running. The 201 removes the heat transferred from the battery module 100 to the battery tray 200 to dissipate heat from the battery module 100.
  • Level 1 refrigeration By changing the current direction of the semiconductor heat exchange module 500 (inverted with heating), the semiconductor heat exchange module 500 is switched to the cooling mode, and the blower fan 4a for blowing air is turned on (the exhaust fan 4b for exhausting air) The battery module 100 is cooled (heated) by not starting.
  • Level 2 cooling When the semiconductor heat exchange module 500 is in the cooling mode, the blower fan 4a for blowing air and the draft fan 4b for exhausting are simultaneously turned on, and the blower fan 4a is connected in series with the exhaust fan 4b with respect to the first-stage cooling mode.
  • the static pressure difference between the blower fan 4a and the exhaust fan 4b is increased, and the flow velocity of the air in the internal air passages (the intermediate heat radiating duct 51 and the bottom heat radiating duct 81) of the battery module 100 is increased, and the heat radiation effect is improved.
  • the 0-level refrigeration can only be used during the running of the vehicle, and the 1st and 2nd cooling can be used under any conditions, and the cooling effect is achieved by adjusting the number of the blowing fan 4a and the driving fan 4b and the power of the semiconductor heat exchange module 500. To meet the heat dissipation requirements of vehicles under large-rate charging and various different driving conditions.
  • the fan of each battery module can be blown from the second air outlet or the second air outlet via the intermediate heat dissipation air passage and the chamber, so that the wind can be circulated by the intermediate heat dissipation air passage.
  • the flow, the intermediate heat dissipation air plate is located on both sides of the intermediate partition stacking direction and continuously exchanges heat with the larger area on the unit cell, and the inner side wall of the intermediate heat dissipation air passage is a heat dissipation surface, and the heat dissipation surface and the surface area of the single battery The ratio is much higher than 25%, and the heat dissipation efficiency is high.
  • the battery module with 50-80Ah cell energy can realize 4C continuous charge and discharge; the battery module with 20-20Ah energy can achieve 6C continuous Charging and discharging; It can be seen that the power battery pack of the present disclosure can solve the heat dissipation problem in the case of rapid charge and discharge (3 to 6 C high rate charge and discharge).
  • the plurality of battery modules of the power battery pack are disposed at intervals in the battery module installation space formed between the battery pack sealing cover and the battery tray, so as to be in the plurality of battery modules.
  • An external air duct is formed between the inner side wall of the battery tray, and the outer air passage communicates with the intermediate heat dissipation air passage and the chamber through the second air outlet, so that the cooling heating module disposed in the outer air passage can heat the wind of the outer air duct Or cooling to achieve cooling and heating of the power battery pack.
  • the present disclosure also provides an automobile including the above-described power battery pack.

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Abstract

一种电池模组（100）、动力电池包及汽车，该电池模组（100）包括沿电池模组（100）的左右方向堆叠的多个中间隔板（1）、多个单体电池（2）、设置在电池模组（100）前侧的安装板（3）及固定在安装板（3）上的风机，中间隔板（1）上设置有中间散热风板（5），中间散热风板（5）内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的中间散热风道（51），中间散热风板（5）的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池（2）的右侧面换热，中间散热风板（5）的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池（2）的左侧面换热，中间散热风道（51）具有第一风口（511）及第二风口（512），安装板（3）与单体电池（2）的前端面之间设置有腔室（6），第一风口（511）与所述腔室（6）连通，第二风口（512）设置在电池模组（100）的后侧并与电池模组（100）外部连通。该电池模组（100），散热效率高，能够解决快速充放电(3～6C高倍率充放电)时的散热问题。

Description

电池模组、动力电池包及汽车 技术领域
本公开属于新能源汽车技术领域，特别是涉及一种电池模组、动力电池包及汽车。
背景技术
动力电池包是新能源汽车的供能装置，通常动力电池包由多个并排的电池模组构成，每个电池模组由多个单体电池堆叠而成。
电池模组充放电时，均会产生热量，热量如不及时排出，将会对电池模组的性能产生影响，甚至是引发危险。电池模组的散热方式通常有风冷和水冷。
现有的电池模组风冷散热解决方案有以下几种：
(1)电池模组底部放置一个风冷散热板，单体电池仅在底面与散热板接触，散热面积小，散热效率有限。
(2)在电池模组的顶面和底面分别放置一个散热板，方形电芯(单体电池)顶面和底面分别与两个散热板贴紧接触，相较于第一种方案散热略有提高，但是，制造成本增加60％～80％。
(3)电芯通过均温板(热管)将热量传导至电池模组底部的散热器或托盘，通过设置在托盘上的风冷结构将热量带出动力电池包。
上述的方案(1)和(2)根据单体电池不同排布方式，电芯的散热面积占比(散热板与电芯的接触面积占电芯表面积的百分比)在5％～25％，散热效果有限，电池模组的倍率可以做到1～2C；并且，方案(2)所需的散热板体积大及成本高，很难应用于处于密闭状态的动力电池包中。
上述的方案(3)的风冷散热结构体积相对较小，但是热管的传导效率较低，托盘散热器散热效率也不高(散热面积有限)，因此该方案动力电池包连续的充放电倍率只能做到1C以内，无法解决电池模组快速充放电(3～6C高倍率充放电)时的散热问题。
另外，上述三种风冷散热解决方案，都不能实现对动力电池包的加热功能。
发明内容
本公开所要解决的技术问题是针对现有的电池模组风冷散热结构其散热面积小及散热效率有限的缺陷，提供一种电池模组。
本公开解决上述技术问题所采用的技术方案为：
提供一种电池模组，包括沿电池模组的堆叠的多个中间隔板、多个单体电池、设置在电池模组前侧的安装板及固定在所述安装板上的风机，所述中间隔板上设置有中间散热风板，所述中间散热风板内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的中间散热风道，所述中间散热风板的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池的右侧面换热，所述中间散热风板的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池的左侧面换热，所述中间散热风道具有第一风口及第二风口，所述安装板与单体电池的前端面之间设置有腔室，所述第一风口与所述腔室连通，所述第二风口设置在电池模组的后侧并与电池模组外部连通。
进一步地，所述中间散热风板与所述中间隔板一体成型。
进一步地，所述中间散热风板的上侧和下侧设置有导槽，所述中间隔板上对应位置设置有与所述导槽滑动插接配合的导轨。
进一步地，所述导槽沿所述中间散热风板上侧或下侧的前后方向延伸，所述导槽的一端设置有卡口，所述导轨上与所述卡口对应的位置设置有限位块，所述卡口卡入所述限位块以限制所述导槽相对所述导轨的插入位置。
进一步地，所述导槽的另一端设置有卡板，所述导轨上与所述卡板对应的位置设置有防脱倒勾，所述防脱倒勾可在所述导槽插入到位时勾住所述卡板，以防止所述导轨从所述导槽中脱出。
进一步地，所述中间散热风板内设置有用于将所述中间散热风道分隔成多个单元风道的多个层板。
进一步地，所述单元风道中设置有多个凸条。
进一步地，所述中间散热风板的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池的右侧面之间以及所述中间散热风板的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池的左侧面之间均夹设有第一导热绝缘垫。
进一步地，所述电池模组还包括设置在多个所述单体电池下方的底部散热风板，所述底部散热板的上表面与所述电池单体的下表面换热，所述底部散热风板内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的底部散热风道，所述底部散热风道具有第三风口及第四风口，所述第三风口与所述腔室连通，所述第四风口设置在电池模组的后侧且与电池模组外部连通。
进一步地，所述底部散热风板包括散热板及并排设置在所述散热板底部的多个翅片，所述底部散热风板的下方设置有底部保护盖，所述底部保护盖与所述多个翅片之间形成所述底部散热风道。
进一步地，所述散热板与多个所述单体电池的下表面之间夹设有第二导热绝缘垫。
进一步地，所述电池模组处于最右侧的所述单体电池的外侧固定设置有第一侧板，所述电池模组处于最左侧的所述单体电池的外侧固定设置有第二侧板。
进一步地，所述第一侧板的外侧固定有右侧金属板，所述第二侧板的外侧固定有左侧金属板，所述电池模组的顶部设置有顶部保护盖，所述安装板的左侧、右侧、上侧及下侧分别与所述左侧金属板、右侧金属板、顶部保护盖及底部保护盖固定连接，所述安装板上固定设置有电池模组管理单元。
进一步地，所述风机为风扇，所述安装板上设置有第一风扇安装孔及第二风扇安装孔，所述风扇安装在所述第一风机安装孔及第二风机安装孔中。
另外，本公开还提供一种动力电池包，包括多个上述的电池模组。
进一步地，多个所述电池模组的中间散热风道的走向相同。
进一步地，所述动力电池包还包括由电池托盘和电池包密封盖组成的壳体，所述电池包密封盖连接在所述电池托盘的顶部，以在所述电池包密封盖与电池托盘之间形成电池模组安装空间，所述多个电池模组相互间隔地设置在所述电池模组安装空间中，以在相邻两个所述电池模组之间和/或所述电池模组与所述壳体的内侧壁之间形成外部风道，所述外部风道通过所述第二风口与所述中间散热风道及腔室连通。
进一步地，所述多个电池模组分数量相同的两行排布，且每列的两个电池模组边缘平齐，所述外部风道包括形成在所述电池模组与所述电池托盘的内侧壁之间的外部循环风道以及形成在两行所述电池模组之间的外部中央风道，所述外部中央风道的两端设置有半导体制冷加热模块，所述半导体制冷加热模块将所述外部中央风道与外部循环风道隔离，所述外部循环风道通过所述半导体制冷加热模块与所述动力电池包外部连通，其中一行所述电池模组的风机抽风，另一行所述电池模组的风机吹风。
进一步地，所述电池托盘的底部设置有贯穿所述电池托盘的托盘散热风道，所述托盘散热风道朝向车辆前方的一侧开口处设置有扰流板，所述扰流板上设置有可打开或关闭所述托盘散热风道的朝向车辆前方的一侧开口的扰流板风道控制盖。
根据本公开的电池模组及动力电池包，风机可经由中间散热风道及腔室从第二风口抽风或向第二风口吹风，这样，风机可使得空气(冷、常温或热空气)在中间散热风道循环流动，中间散热风板的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池的右侧面换热，中间散热风板的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池的左侧面换热，即，中间散热风板与单体电池上的面积较大的左右侧面持续换热，中间散热风道的内侧壁为换热表面，该换热表面与单体电池表面积的比值远超25％，当电池模组需要散热时，换热表面散发单体电池传导的热量并与流经中间散热风道中的空气进行换热，以实现电池模组的散热，相对于传统的顶部与底部加散热板的方案，该电池模组的散热效率高。仿真和测试表明，本公开应用于单体电池能量为50-80Ah的电池模组可实现4C连续充放电；而应用于单体电池能量为20-40Ah的电池模组可实现6C连续充放电；可见，本公开的电池模组能够解决快速充放电(3～6C高倍率充放电)时的散热 问题。并且，当电池模组需要加热时，换热表面将流经中间散热风道中的空气中的热量经中间散热风板向单体电池传导，以实现电池模组的加热。这样，使得配备该动力动池包的汽车能够适应于寒冷区域。
另外，本公开还提供了一种汽车，其包括上述的动力电池包。
附图说明
图1是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的示意图；
图2是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的分解图；
图3是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组沿前后方向竖直剖切的剖视图；
图4是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组沿左右方向竖直剖切的剖视图；
图5是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的中间散热风板的示意图；
图6是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的分解图(除去顶部保护盖)；
图7是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的后视图(除去顶部保护盖)；
图8是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的安装板、中间散热风板及底部散热风板的装配示意图；
图9是图8的分解图；
图10是图9的另一视角图；
图11是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的单体电池与中间散热风板及底部散热风板的位置示意图；
图12是根据本公开另一实施例的电池模组的中间隔板与中间散热风板装配过程中的示意图；
图13是图12中a处的放大图；
图14是根据本公开另一实施例的电池模组的中间隔板的示意图；
图15是图14中b处的放大图；
图16是根据本公开一实施例的电池模组的中间散热风板一体成型在中间隔板上的示意图；
图17是根据本公开一实施例的动力电池包的内部结构示意图；
图18是根据本公开一实施例的动力电池包的分解图(扰流板风道控制盖打开)；
图19是根据本公开一实施例的动力电池包的分解图(扰流板风道控制盖关闭)。
说明书中的附图标记如下：
100、电池模组；101、第一侧板；102、右侧金属板；103、第二侧板；104、左侧金属板；105、顶部保护盖；106、底部保护盖；107、电池模组管理单元；
1、中间隔板；11、导轨；111、限位块；112、防脱倒勾；2、单体电池；3、安装板；31、第一风扇安装孔；32、第二风扇安装孔；4、风扇；4a、吹风风扇；4b、抽风风扇；5、中间散热风板；51、中间散热风道；511、第一风口；512、第二风口；513、单元风道；52、层板；53、凸条；54、导槽；541、卡口；542、卡板；6、腔室；7、第一导热绝缘垫；8、底部散热风板；81、底部散热风道；811、第三风口；812、第四风口；82、散热板；83、翅片；9、第二导热绝缘垫；
200、电池托盘；201、托盘散热风道；202、扰流板；203、扰流板风道控制盖；
300、电池包密封盖；
400、外部风道；401、外部循环风道；402、外部中央风道；
500、半导体制冷加热模块；
600、内循环风道保护盖。
具体实施方式
为了使本公开所解决的技术问题、技术方案及有益效果更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本公开进行进一步的详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本公开，并不用于限定本公开。
下文中，为了方便清楚地描述，定义电池模组正常放置时，电池模组上安装板所在的方位为电池模组的前侧，电池模组的左、右、后、上(顶)、下(底)均以前侧为参照。具体方位参见图1、图2及图6所示。
如图1至图7所示，本公开一实施例提供的电池模组100，包括沿电池模组100的左右方向堆叠的多个中间隔板1、多个方形的单体电池2、设置在电池模组前侧的安装板3及固定在所述安装板3上的作为风机的风扇4，所述中间隔板1上设置有中间散热风板5，所述中间散热风板5内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的中间散热风道51，所述中间散热风板5的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池2的右侧面换热，所述中间散热风板5的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池2的左侧面换热，方形的单体电池2的上表面、下表面、前侧面及后侧面的面积远远小于其左侧面及右侧面的面积。所述中间散热风道51具有第一风口511及第二风口512，所述安装板3与单体电池2的前端面之间设置有腔室6，所述第一风口511与所述腔室6连通，所述第二风口512设置在电池模组100的后侧并与电池模组100外部连通。
本实施例中，相邻两个中间隔板1卡扣连接以实现堆叠，同时，对单体电池2具有拉紧作用。
本实施例中，如图1及图8所示，风扇4有两个，所述安装板3上设置有第一风扇安装孔31及第二风扇安装孔32，所述风扇4安装在所述第一风机安装孔31及第二风机安装 孔32中，且在安装板3的左右方向上间隔排布。当然，在其它实施例中，也可以是1个或3个以上风扇4，这个根据散热需要设计。
此文中的抽风，是指利用抽风风扇在腔室6中产生负压，从电池模组100的后侧抽风，使风从电池模组100的后侧经过中间散热风道51(底部散热风道81)、腔室6及风扇4后，从电池模组100的前侧排出；此处的吹风，是指利用吹风风扇从电池模组100的前侧引风，使风从电池模组100的前侧经过风扇4、腔室6及中间散热风道51(底部散热风道81)后，从电池模组100的后侧吹出。
本实施例中，以具有抽风功能的风扇4来进行说明。对应地，第一风口511为中间散热风道51的出风口，第二风口512为中间散热风道51的进风口。所述风扇4可经由所述中间散热风道51及腔室6从所述第二风口512抽风，即电池模组100外部的空气会通过第二风口512流经中间散热风道51、腔室6，经由风扇4的前侧排出电池模组100之外。
当电池模组100需要散热时，风扇4将电池模组100外部的空气(常温或冷空气)抽到电池模组100的内部，单体电池2两个较大的侧面(左、右侧面)的热量传导至中间散热风板5并由中间散热风道51的内侧壁(换热表面)向中间散热风道51散发，空气流经中间散热风道51时带走热量，以实现单体电池2散热。反过来，当电池模组100需要加热时，风扇4将电池模组100外部的空气(热空气)抽到电池模组100的内部，空气中的热量由中间散热风道51的内侧壁(换热表面)通过中间散热风板5向单体电池2两个较大的侧面(左、右侧面)传导，即空气流经中间散热风道51时对单体电池2加热。
当然，在其它实施例中，风扇4也可以吹风，对应地，第一风口511为中间散热风道51的进风口，第二风口512为中间散热风道51的出风口。所述风扇4可经由所述中间散热风道51及腔室6向所述第二风口512吹风，即电池模组100外部的空气会通过风扇4的前侧引入，流经空腔6、中间散热风道51之后，从第二风口512(电池模组100的后侧)吹出。
本实施例中，如图5及图16所示，所述中间散热风板5与所述中间隔板1一体成型，例如，所述中间散热风板5可通过注塑的方式一体成型在(嵌入)所述中间隔板1上，使得中间隔板1可以任意拼装组合，扩展性好，装配简单，提高产品的装配效率。中间散热风板5的高度方向两侧各设置有一T型结构，该T型结构具有方便注塑定位及提高产品整体强度的作用。
如图5所示，所述中间散热风板5内设置有用于将所述中间散热风道51分隔成多个单元风道513的多个层板52，所述单元风道513中设置有多个凸条53。本实施例中，具体地层板52为8个，中间散热风道51分隔成9个相同的方形的单元风道513，每个单元风道513中设置有4个凸条53。上述的单元风道513及凸条53一体挤出成型，能够大幅提高风 道板的强度和减小挤出变形。另外，4个凸条53增大了中间散热风道51的换热面积，增强了流经中间散热风板的空气的紊流度，从而提高换热系数，达到增强散热效果的目的。
如图2所示，所述中间散热风板5的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池2的右侧面之间以及所述中间散热风板5的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池2的左侧面之间均夹设有第一导热绝缘垫7。即，中间散热风板5与两侧的单体电池2之间均夹设有上述的第一导热绝缘垫7。该第一导热绝缘垫的热导率1～2W/Mk，具有良好的耐磨性和绝缘性，可以是但不限于热橡胶、UTP100导热绝缘片等。
如图2至图11所示，所述电池模组100还包括设置在多个所述单体电池2下方的底部散热风板8，所述底部散热板8的上表面与所述电池单体2的下表面换热，所述底部散热风板8内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的底部散热风道81，所述底部散热风道81具有第三风口811及第四风口812，所述第三风口812与所述腔室6连通，所述第四风口812设置在电池模组100的后侧且与电池模组100外部连通。
对应于抽风功能的风扇4，对应地，第三风口811为底部散热风道81的出风口，第四风口812为底部散热风道81的进风口。所述风扇4可经由所述底部散热风道81及腔室6从所述第四风口812抽风。即电池模组100外部的空气会通过第四风口812流经底部散热风道81、空腔6，经由风扇4的前侧排出电池模组100之外。
当然，在其它实施例中，对应于吹风功能的风扇4，第三风口811为底部散热风道81的进风口，第四风口812为底部散热风道81的出风口。所述风扇4可经由所述底部散热风道81及腔室6向所述第四风口512吹风，即电池模组100外部的空气会通过风扇4的前侧引入，流经空腔6、底部散热风道81之后，从第四风口812(电池模组100的后侧)吹出。
本实施例中，底部散热风道81与中间散热风道51相互独立。
本实施例中，如图2所示，所述底部散热风板8为翅片散热器，其包括散热板82及设置在所述散热板82底部的并排的多个翅片83，所述底部散热风板8的下方设置有底部保护盖106，所述底部保护盖106与多个翅片83之间形成所述底部散热风道81。所述散热板82与多个所述单体电池2下表面之间夹设有第二导热绝缘垫9。第二导热绝缘垫9的功能与第一导热绝缘垫7的功能类似。
风扇4启动过程中，在第一风口511及第三风口811与安装板3之间的空腔6内形成负压区域，负压的大小和分布与风扇的静压、转速和风量相关；通过仿真和测试可以确定最佳的风扇型号、数量和安装位置。
本实施例中，中间散热风板5的数量与单体电池2的排布相关。如图6及图11所示，本实施例中，所述中间散热风板5的左右两侧均设置有两个单体电池2，两个单体电池2在前后方向上平齐，多个单体电池2在左右方向上排成两行。这样，所述中间散热风板5 的左侧面与其左侧的两个单体电池2的右侧面换热，所述中间散热风板5的右侧面与其右侧的两个单体电池2的左侧面换热，中间散热风板5位于四个单体电池2之间，这样可以在保证电池模组相同的散热效率的情况下，尽可能地减小电池模组的体积。
当然，在其它实施例中，所述中间散热风板5的左右两侧也可以分别设置一个单体电池2或三个以上的单体电池2。
当电池模组100需要散热时，风扇4将电池模组100外部的空气(常温或冷空气)经由第二风口512及第四风口812抽到电池模组100的内部(中间散热风道51及底部散热风道81)，单体电池2两个较大的侧面(左、右侧面)的热量传导至中间散热风板5并由中间散热风道51的内侧壁(换热表面)向中间散热风道51散发，空气流经中间散热风道51时带走热量，以实现单体电池2散热。反过来，当电池模组100需要加热时，风扇4将电池模组100外部的空气(热空气)抽到电池模组100的内部，空气中的热量由中间散热风道51的内侧壁(换热表面)通过中间散热风板5向单体电池2两个较大的侧面(左、右侧面)传导，即空气流经中间散热风道51时对单体电池2加热。
如图8至11所示，本实施例平行地设置有多个中间散热风板5，通过优化多个中间散热风板5和底部散热风板8的进风口大小和比例，可以达到最优的散热效果和最佳的温度一致性，从而提高电池模组的充放电倍率和寿命。当然，中间散热风板5的数量依据电池单体的数量和排布按需要设计。
当然，在其它实施例中，风扇4也可以吹风，所述风扇4可经由所述中间散热风道51及腔室6向所述第二风口512吹风，即电池模组100外部的空气会通过风机的外侧引入，流经空腔6、中间散热风道51之后，从第二风口512吹出。
如图2所示，所述电池模组100处于最右侧的所述单体电池2的外侧固定设置有第一侧板101，所述第一侧板101的外侧固定有右侧金属板102，所述电池模组100处于最左侧的所述单体电池2的外侧固定设置有第二侧板103，所述第二侧板的外侧固定有左侧金属板104，所述电池模组100的顶部设置有顶部保护盖105，所述电池模组100的底部设置有底部保护盖106，所述底部散热风板8设置在多个所述单体电池2下表面与所述底部保护盖106之间，所述安装板3的左侧、右侧、上侧及下侧分别与所述左侧金属板104、右侧金属板102、顶部保护盖105及底部保护盖106通过螺栓固定连接。顶部保护盖105由三块并排设置的板件构成。
另外，如图2所示，所述安装板3上固定设置有电池模组管理单元107。
根据本公开上述实施例的电池模组，中间散热风板5的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池2的右侧面换热，中间散热风板5的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池2的左侧面换热，即，中间散热风板5与单体电池2上的面积较大的左右侧面持续换热，底部散热风板8可与电池单 体2的底面换热，中间散热风道51的换热表面与底部散热风道81的换热表面之和与单体电池表面积的比值大于等于≥75％(其中，C17电芯可达75％，C20电芯可达85％)，散热效率高。仿真和测试表明，本公开应用于单体电池容量为50-80Ah的电池模组可实现4C连续充放电；而应用于单体电池容量为20-40Ah的电池模组可实现6C连续充放电；可见，该电池模组能够解决快速充放电(3～6C高倍率充放电)时的散热问题。并且，当电池模组需要加热时，中间散热风道51的换热表面将流经中间散热风道51的空气中的热量经中间散热风板5向单体电池2传导，底部散热风道81的换热表面将流经底部散热风道81的空气中的热量经底部散热风板8向单体电池2传导，以实现电池模组100的加热。这样，使得配备该电池模组100的汽车能够适应于寒冷区域。
另外，如图12至图15所示，在本公开另一实施例中，中间散热风板5通过可拆卸的连接方式(卡接)固定在所述中间隔板1上。
如图12及图15所示，所述中间散热风板5上侧和下侧设置有导槽54，所述中间隔板1上对应位置设置有与所述导槽54滑动插接配合的导轨11，所述导槽54沿所述中间散热风板5上侧或下侧的前后方向延伸，所述导槽54的一端设置有卡口541，所述导轨11上与所述卡口541对应的位置设置有限位块111，所述卡口541卡入所述限位块111以限制所述导槽54相对所述导轨11的插入位置。所述导槽54的另一端设置有卡板542，所述导轨11上与所述卡板542对应的位置设置有防脱倒勾112，所述防脱倒勾112可在所述导槽54插入到位时勾住所述卡板542，以防止所述导轨11从所述导槽54中脱出，进而将中间散热风板5稳固地安装在中间隔板1上。
本文中，所述导槽54设置有卡口541的一端为其后端(以电池模组100的方位为基准)，设置有卡板542的另一端为导槽54的前端(以电池模组100的方位为基准)。对应地，所述导轨11上设置有限位块111的一端为其后端(以电池模组100的方位为基准)，所述导轨11上设置有防脱倒勾112的一端为其前端(以电池模组100的方位为基准)。
与图16所示的一体成型的中间隔板1相比，可拆卸的连接方式可以降低对中间隔板1的注塑模具的精度要求，且中间散热风板5单独成型，这样，中间散热风板5内的中间散热风道51更易于成型，并且装配、返修成本低。
另外，如图17至图19所示，本公开一实施例还提供一种动力电池包，包括由电池托盘200和电池包密封盖300组成的壳体及多个上述的电池模组100，所述电池包密封盖300密封连接在所述电池托盘200的顶部，以在所述电池包密封盖300与电池托盘200之间形成电池模组安装空间，所述多个电池模组100相互间隔地设置在所述电池模组安装空间中，以在相邻的两个所述电池模组100之间和/或电池模组100与壳体内侧壁之间形成外部风道400，所述外部风道400通过所述第二风口512与所述中间散热风道51及腔室6连通。另 外，所述外部风道400还通过第四风口812与所述底部散热风道81及腔室6连通。
本实施例中，多个所述电池模组100的中间散热风道51的走向相同。另外，多个所述电池模组100的底部散热风道81的走向相同。
如图17所示，所述多个电池模组100分数量相同的两行排布，即每行具有4个电池模组100(即每一列具有2个电池模组100)，且每列的两个电池模组100边缘平齐，这样，同一列的两个电池模组100的中间散热风道51在同一直线上，同一列的两个电池模组100的底部散热风道81也在同一直线上。
本实施例中，所述外部风道400包括形成在所述电池模组100与所述电池托盘200的内侧壁之间的外部循环风道401以及形成在两行所述电池模组100之间的外部中央风道402，所述外部中央风道402的两端设置有半导体制冷加热模块500，所述外部循环风道401通过半导体制冷加热模块500与动力电池包外部连通，所述半导体制冷加热模块500将所述外部中央风道402与外部循环风道401隔离。
如图18及图19所示，所述电池包密封盖300与电池托盘200之间夹设有内循环风道保护盖600。
如图17所示，在同一列上的2个电池模组100左右平齐，在同一行上的4个电池模组100前后平齐，其中一行所述电池模组100的风扇抽风，另一行所述电池模组100的风扇吹风。
本实施例中，优选地，如图17所示，1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组同为一行，5#、6#、7#、8#电池模组同为一行，1#电池模组与8#电池模组同为一列，2#电池模组与7#电池模组同为一列，3#电池模组与6#电池模组同为一列，4#电池模组与5#电池模组同为一列。1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组的后侧正对5#、6#、7#、8#电池模组的后侧，1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组上的风扇4用于吹风，形成为吹风风扇4a，5#、6#、7#、8#电池模组上的风扇4用于抽风，形成为抽风风扇4b。这样使得空气在动力电池包内的循环路径如下：外部循环风道－〉1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组－〉外部中央风道－〉5#、6#、7#、8#电池模组－〉外部循环风道。
如图18及图19所示，所述电池托盘200的底部设置有贯穿所述电池托盘200的托盘散热风道201，所述托盘散热风道201朝向车辆前方的一侧开口处设置有扰流板202，所述扰流板202上设置有可打开或关闭所述托盘散热风道201的朝向车辆前方的一侧开口的扰流板风道控制盖203。
基于该电池模组100的动力电池包，外部中央风道402的两端设置有半导体制冷加热模块500，可以实现电池模组100内部与外部风道400的换热。在不改变动力电池包密封性的条件下，以空气为冷媒，可实现动力电池包的散热(制冷)及加热的功能。
该动力电池包可以实现动力电池包的加热模式和多级制冷(散热)模式，具体如下：
加热模式
如图17及图19所示，当单体电池2温度过低(比如≤10℃)时，开启加热模式，动力电池包前端的扰流板风道控制盖203关闭，托盘散热风道201与动力电池包外部隔绝，不能进风。半导体热交换模块500启动加热模式，串联内部风道(中间散热风道51及底部散热风道81)与外部风道400的吹风用的吹风风扇4a和抽风用的抽风风扇4b启动，空气经半导体热交换模块500被加热，然后经吹风风扇4a进入1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组的中间散热风道51及底部散热风道81，实现1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组100的均匀高效加热；然后，从1#、2#、3#、4#电池模组100出来的热风经过外部中央风道402后进入5#、6#、7#、8#电池模组100的中间散热风道51及底部散热风道81，实现5#、6#、7#、8#电池模组100的均匀高效加热；最终，抽风风扇4b将空气排出到外部循环风道401内，如此循环。
制冷(散热)模式
0级制冷：如图17及图18所示，如果车辆行驶过程中温度稍微偏高，可以打开动力电池包前端的扰流板风道控制盖203，行驶过程中气流高速流经托盘散热风道201带走电池模组100传递给电池托盘200的热量，实现对电池模组100进行散热。
1级制冷：通过改变半导体热交换模块500的电流方向(与加热反向)，将半导体热交换模块500转换为制冷模式，并开启用于送风的吹风风扇4a(用于抽风的抽风风扇4b不启动)，以此实现电池模组100制冷(散热)。
2级制冷：在半导体热交换模块500处于制冷模式下，同时开启用于送风的吹风风扇4a和用于抽风的抽风风扇4b，相对于1级制冷模式，吹风风扇4a与抽风风扇4b串联，吹风风扇4a与抽风风扇4b之间的静压差增大，空气在电池模组100的内部风道(中间散热风道51及底部散热风道81)的流动速度增大，散热效果提高。
0级别制冷只能在车辆行驶过程中使用，1级和2级制冷可以在任何条件下使用，通过调节吹风风扇4a与抽风风扇4b启动数量和半导体热交换模块500的功率实现不同的制冷效果，以满足车辆在大倍率充电和各种不同恶劣驶工况下的散热要求。
根据本公开上述实施例的动力电池包，每一电池模组的风机可经由中间散热风道及腔室从第二风口抽风或向第二风口吹风，这样，风能够在由中间散热风道循环流动，中间散热风板位于中间隔板堆叠方向的两侧表面与单体电池上面积较大的侧面持续换热，中间散热风道的内侧壁为散热表面，该散热表面与单体电池表面积的比值远超25％，散热效率高，仿真和测试表明，单体电池能量为50-80Ah的电池模组可实现4C连续充放电；单体电池能量为20-40Ah的电池模组可实现6C连续充放电；可见，本公开的动力电池包能够解决快速充放电(3～6C高倍率充放电)时的散热问题。同时，该动力电池包的多个电池模组相互间隔地设置在电池包密封盖与电池托盘之间形成的电池模组安装空间中，以在多个电池模组 及电池托盘的内侧壁之间形成外部风道，外部风道通过第二风口与中间散热风道及腔室连通，这样，设置在外部风道中的制冷加热模块，能够将外部风道的风加热或制冷，实现动力电池包的冷却与加热。
另外，本公开还提供了一种汽车，其包括上述的动力电池包。
以上所述仅为本公开的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本公开，凡在本公开的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本公开的保护范围之内。

Claims (20)

  1. 一种电池模组，其特征在于，包括沿电池模组的左右方向堆叠的多个中间隔板、多个单体电池、设置在电池模组前侧的安装板及固定在所述安装板上的风机，所述中间隔板上设置有中间散热风板，所述中间散热风板内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的中间散热风道，所述中间散热风板的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池的右侧面换热，所述中间散热风板的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池的左侧面换热，所述中间散热风道具有第一风口及第二风口，所述安装板与单体电池的前端面之间设置有腔室，所述第一风口与所述腔室连通，所述第二风口设置在电池模组的后侧并与电池模组外部连通。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述中间散热风板与所述中间隔板一体成型。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述中间散热风板的上侧和下侧设置有导槽，所述中间隔板上对应位置设置有与所述导槽滑动插接配合的导轨。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述导槽沿所述中间散热风板上侧或下侧的前后方向延伸，所述导槽的一端设置有卡口，所述导轨上与所述卡口对应的位置设置有限位块，所述卡口卡入所述限位块以限制所述导槽相对所述导轨的插入位置。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述导槽的另一端设置有卡板，所述导轨上与所述卡板对应的位置设置有防脱倒勾，所述防脱倒勾可在所述导槽插入到位时勾住所述卡板，以防止所述导轨从所述导槽中脱出。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述中间散热风板内设置有用于将所述中间散热风道分隔成多个单元风道的多个层板。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述单元风道中设置有多个凸条。
  8. 根据权利要求2所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述中间散热风板的左侧面与其左侧的单体电池的右侧面之间以及所述中间散热风板的右侧面与其右侧的单体电池的左侧面 之间均夹设有第一导热绝缘垫。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电池模组还包括设置在多个所述单体电池下方的底部散热风板，所述底部散热板的上表面与所述电池单体的下表面换热，所述底部散热风板内部形成有沿前后方向贯通的底部散热风道，所述底部散热风道具有第三风口及第四风口，所述第三风口与所述腔室连通，所述第四风口设置在电池模组的后侧且与电池模组外部连通。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述底部散热风板包括散热板及并排设置在所述散热板底部的多个翅片，所述底部散热风板的下方设置有底部保护盖，所述底部保护盖与所述多个翅片之间形成所述底部散热风道。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述散热板与多个所述单体电池的下表面之间夹设有第二导热绝缘垫。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述电池模组处于最右侧的所述单体电池的外侧固定设置有第一侧板，所述电池模组处于最左侧的所述单体电池的外侧固定设置有第二侧板。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述第一侧板的外侧固定有右侧金属板，所述第二侧板的外侧固定有左侧金属板，所述电池模组的顶部设置有顶部保护盖，所述安装板的左侧、右侧、上侧及下侧分别与所述左侧金属板、右侧金属板、顶部保护盖及底部保护盖固定连接，所述安装板上固定设置有电池模组管理单元。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13任意一项所述的电池模组，其特征在于，所述风机为风扇，所述安装板上设置有第一风扇安装孔及第二风扇安装孔，所述风扇安装在所述第一风机安装孔及第二风机安装孔中。
  15. 一种动力电池包，其特征在于，包括根据权利要求1-14任意一项所述的电池模组。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，多个所述电池模组的中间散热风道的走向相同。
  17. 根据权利要求15或16所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述动力电池包还包括由电池托盘和电池包密封盖组成的壳体，所述电池包密封盖连接在所述电池托盘的顶部，以在所述电池包密封盖与电池托盘之间形成电池模组安装空间，所述多个电池模组相互间隔地设置在所述电池模组安装空间中，以在相邻两个所述电池模组之间和/或所述电池模组与所述壳体的内侧壁之间形成外部风道，所述外部风道通过所述第二风口与所述中间散热风道及腔室连通。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述多个电池模组分数量相同的两行排布，且每列的两个电池模组边缘平齐，所述外部风道包括形成在所述电池模组与所述电池托盘的内侧壁之间的外部循环风道以及形成在两行所述电池模组之间的外部中央风道，所述外部中央风道的两端设置有半导体制冷加热模块，所述半导体制冷加热模块将所述外部中央风道与外部循环风道隔离，所述外部循环风道通过所述半导体制冷加热模块与所述动力电池包外部连通，其中一行所述电池模组的风机抽风，另一行所述电池模组的风机吹风。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的动力电池包，其特征在于，所述电池托盘的底部设置有贯穿所述电池托盘的托盘散热风道，所述托盘散热风道朝向车辆前方的一侧开口处设置有扰流板，所述扰流板上设置有可打开或关闭所述托盘散热风道的朝向车辆前方的一侧开口的扰流板风道控制盖。
  20. 一种汽车，其特征在于包括根据权利要求15-19任意一项所述的动力电池包。
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