WO2017208889A1 - 電荷発生素子及び微粒子数検出器 - Google Patents
電荷発生素子及び微粒子数検出器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017208889A1 WO2017208889A1 PCT/JP2017/019053 JP2017019053W WO2017208889A1 WO 2017208889 A1 WO2017208889 A1 WO 2017208889A1 JP 2017019053 W JP2017019053 W JP 2017019053W WO 2017208889 A1 WO2017208889 A1 WO 2017208889A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a charge generation element and a particle number detector.
- the fine particle number detector As the fine particle number detector, as in Patent Document 1, charge is added to the fine particles in the gas to be measured introduced into the housing, the fine particles to which the charge is added are collected, and the charge of the collected fine particles is collected. A method for measuring the number of fine particles based on the amount of the above is known. In this particle number detector, charges are added to the particles using a sharp needle-shaped charge generation electrode. Such a needle-shaped charge generation electrode adds charges to the fine particles by a local electric field at the tip, and thus it is difficult to add charges to the fine particles in a wide range.
- a charge generation element as disclosed in Patent Document 2, a dielectric, a discharge electrode having fine protrusions disposed on the surface of the dielectric, and an induction electrode disposed on the back surface of the dielectric are provided. What you have is known. Since this charge generation element utilizes high-efficiency discharge using a dielectric as a barrier layer, it is possible to generate an equivalent amount of charge with a lower voltage and lower power consumption than a needle-shaped charge generation electrode.
- the present invention has been made to solve such a problem, and a main object of the present invention is to provide a charge generating element capable of efficiently discharging generated charges.
- the charge generating element of the present invention is A charge generating element that generates charges by air discharge, A dielectric layer; A discharge electrode provided on one surface of the dielectric layer; An induction electrode provided on the other surface of the dielectric layer; A nozzle provided so as to penetrate the dielectric layer at a position not interfering with the discharge electrode and the induction electrode in the dielectric layer; It is equipped with.
- an air discharge is generated by applying a high voltage between the induction electrode and the discharge electrode, and an electric charge is generated by the air discharge.
- the electric charge is generated, for example, when air is ionized.
- high-efficiency discharge using a dielectric layer as a barrier layer is used, it is possible to generate an equivalent amount of charge at a lower voltage and lower power consumption than a needle-shaped charge generation electrode.
- the electric charge generated at the discharge electrode is discharged to the induction electrode through a nozzle provided in the dielectric layer.
- the nozzle is arranged separately from the charge generation element, there is a risk that charges may adhere to the wall surface of the connection passage connecting the charge generation element and the nozzle.
- the nozzle is incorporated in the charge generation element. Therefore, there is no connection passage, and no charge is attached to the wall surface. Therefore, the generated charges can be efficiently released.
- charge includes positive and negative charges as well as ions.
- the charge generating element of the present invention may add the generated charge to the fine particles contained in the gas.
- an electric charge may be added to fine particles contained in automobile exhaust gas.
- the dielectric layer may have the nozzle at the center of the dielectric layer. In this way, the generated charges are easily released from the nozzle.
- the nozzle opening shape may be a polygon, a circle, or an ellipse.
- the “polygon” includes a quadrangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, and the like, but a quadrangle is preferable.
- the dielectric layer may be a cone shape or a pyramid shape, and the nozzle may be provided at the tip of the dielectric layer.
- Cone shape includes an elliptical cone shape as well as a cone shape.
- the “pyramid shape” includes a polygonal pyramid shape such as a quadrangular pyramid shape, and a quadrangular pyramid shape is preferable.
- the outer shape of the dielectric layer is circular or elliptical, and when the dielectric layer is pyramid-shaped, the outer shape of the dielectric layer is polygonal. In such a charge generating element, the outer shape of the dielectric layer may be the outer shape of the charge generating element.
- the external shape of the charge generation element is preferably matched to the cross-sectional shape of the gas inlet side and the gas outlet side of the vent pipe.
- the charge generation element can be hermetically attached to the vent pipe, and therefore, it is possible to prevent the charge from leaking from the gap between the vent pipe and the charge generation element.
- the discharge electrode may be provided on the inner surface of the dielectric layer, and the induction electrode may be provided on the outer surface or inside of the dielectric layer.
- the discharge electrode and the induction electrode may be provided in a plurality of pairs, and each may be arranged radially or annularly around the nozzle. By doing so, a large number of discharge electrodes and induction electrodes can be arranged in the dielectric layer, and thus charges can be generated efficiently.
- the dielectric layer may have a vibration source that vibrates the dielectric layer. In this way, it is possible to prevent the generated charges from adhering to the dielectric layer by vibrating the dielectric layer with the vibration source. Moreover, it is possible to prevent clogging of the nozzle.
- the particle number detector according to the present invention includes the above-described charge generation element that adds charges to the particles in the gas introduced into the vent pipe, and the amount of charges of the particles to which charges have been added or the amount of charges that have not been added to the particles. Detecting means for detecting the number of fine particles in the gas based on the amount.
- the above-described charge generation element uses high-efficiency discharge using a dielectric layer as a barrier layer, it can generate the same amount of charge with lower voltage and lower power consumption than a needle-shaped charge generation electrode. it can. Further, the electric charge generated at the discharge electrode is discharged to the downstream side in the gas traveling direction through a nozzle provided in the dielectric layer itself.
- the nozzle When the nozzle is arranged separately from the charge generation element, there is a risk that charges may adhere to the wall surface of the connection passage connecting the charge generation element and the nozzle.
- the nozzle In the present invention, the nozzle is incorporated in the charge generation element. Therefore, such a connection passage does not exist, and no charge or fine particles to which charge is added adhere to the wall surface. Therefore, the generated charges can be efficiently released. “Detecting the number of fine particles” means not only measuring the number of fine particles but also whether or not the number of fine particles falls within a predetermined numerical range (for example, whether or not a predetermined threshold value is exceeded). It shall include the case of judging.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the particle number detector 10.
- FIG. 3 is a plan view of the charge generation element 20.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a rear view of the charge generation element 20.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the charge generation element 120.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of the charge generation element 220.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic configuration of the particle number detector 10
- FIG. 2 is a plan view of the charge generation element 20
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. is there.
- the fine particle number detector 10 measures the number of fine particles contained in a gas (for example, exhaust gas from an automobile). As shown in FIG. 1, the particle number detector 10 includes a charge generating element 20, a collecting device 40, a surplus charge removing device 50, a number measuring device 60, and a heater 70 in a ceramic ventilation tube 12. Yes.
- the vent pipe 12 has a gas inlet 12a for introducing gas into the vent pipe 12 and a gas outlet 12b for discharging the gas that has passed through the vent pipe 12.
- the charge generation element 20 adds a charge 18 to the fine particles 16 in the gas introduced into the vent tube 12, and as shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the dielectric layer 22, the discharge electrode 26, the induction electrode, and the like. 30 and a power source 34.
- the dielectric layer 22 is made of, for example, mica or ceramic, and is disposed so as to block the passage of the vent pipe 12. In other words, the dielectric layer 22 is disposed so as to block the progress of the gas.
- a through hole is provided in the center of the dielectric layer 22, and this through hole functions as the nozzle 24.
- the nozzle 24 is provided at a position where it does not interfere with the discharge electrode 26 and the induction electrode 30.
- the dielectric layer 22 has an ultrasonic transducer 36 in the vicinity of the nozzle 24.
- the discharge electrode 26 has a rectangular shape, and a plurality of protrusions 26a are provided on the long sides facing each other. A portion of the discharge electrode 26 other than the protrusion 26a is referred to as a base line 26b.
- a plurality of discharge electrodes 26 (eight in FIG. 2) are provided radially on the surface of the dielectric layer 22 on the upstream side in the gas traveling direction with the nozzle 24 as the center. All the discharge electrodes 26 are connected to a ring-shaped discharge electrode terminal 28 provided on the outer periphery of the dielectric layer 22.
- the induction electrode 30 is a rectangular electrode, and a plurality of induction electrodes 30 (16 in FIG. 2) are formed radially on the downstream surface of the dielectric layer 22 in the gas traveling direction. ) Is provided. All the induction electrodes 30 are connected to ring-shaped induction electrode terminals 32 provided on the outer periphery of the dielectric layer 22. Two induction electrodes 30 form a pair with respect to one discharge electrode 26. When the dielectric layer 22 is seen through from the downstream surface in the gas traveling direction, the induction electrodes 30 are arranged on both sides of one discharge electrode 26, respectively. Specifically, the two induction electrodes 30 paired with one discharge electrode 26 do not overlap, and the long side of one induction electrode 30 faces one long side of the discharge electrode 26, and the discharge electrode 26. The long side of the other induction electrode 30 faces the other long side.
- the power supply 34 is connected to the discharge electrode terminal 28 and the induction electrode terminal 32, and can ground the induction electrode terminal 32 and apply a high voltage (negative voltage) to the discharge electrode terminal 28.
- a high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode terminal 28
- an air discharge for example, corona discharge, dielectric barrier discharge, both corona discharge and dielectric barrier discharge, etc.
- charges 18 are added to the fine particles 16 in the gas introduced from the gas inlet 12a on the surface of the dielectric layer 22 where the discharge electrode 26 is provided.
- the fine particles 16 to which the electric charge 18 has been added ride on the gas flow and proceed from the nozzle 24 to the hollow portion 12 c in the vent pipe 12.
- the collection device 40 is a device that collects the fine particles 16 to which the electric charge 18 is added, and is provided in the hollow portion 12 c in the vent pipe 12.
- the collection device 40 includes an electric field generation unit 42 and a collection electrode 48.
- the electric field generating part 42 has a negative electrode 44 embedded in the wall of the hollow part 12 c and a positive electrode 46 embedded in the wall facing the negative electrode 44.
- the collection electrode 48 is exposed on the wall of the hollow portion 12c in which the positive electrode 46 is embedded.
- a negative potential ⁇ V1 is applied to the negative electrode 44 of the electric field generator 42, and a ground potential Vss is applied to the positive electrode 46.
- the level of the negative potential ⁇ V1 is from the ⁇ mV order to ⁇ several tens of volts.
- the surplus charge removing device 50 is a device that removes the electric charge 18 that has not been added to the fine particles 16, and is provided in front of the collecting device 40 (upstream in the gas traveling direction) in the hollow portion 12c.
- the surplus charge removing device 50 includes an electric field generating unit 52 and a removing electrode 58.
- the electric field generator 52 has a negative electrode 54 embedded in the wall of the hollow portion 12 c and a positive electrode 56 embedded in the wall facing the negative electrode 54.
- the removal electrode 58 is exposed on the wall of the hollow portion 12c in which the positive electrode 56 is embedded.
- a negative potential ⁇ V2 is applied to the negative electrode 54 of the electric field generator 52, and a ground potential Vss is applied to the positive electrode 56.
- the level of the negative potential ⁇ V2 is from the ⁇ mV order to ⁇ several tens of volts.
- the absolute value of the negative potential ⁇ V2 is one digit or more smaller than the absolute value of the negative potential ⁇ V1 applied to the negative electrode 44 of the collection device 40.
- the number measuring device 60 is a device that measures the number of the fine particles 16 based on the amount of the charges 18 of the collected fine particles 16, and includes a current measuring unit 62 and a number calculating unit 64. Between the current measuring unit 62 and the collecting electrode 48, a capacitor 66, a resistor 67, and a switch 68 are connected in series from the collecting electrode 48 side.
- the switch 68 is preferably a semiconductor switch. When the switch 68 is turned on and the collecting electrode 48 and the current measuring unit 62 are electrically connected, a current based on the electric charge 18 added to the fine particles 16 attached to the collecting electrode 48 is supplied to the capacitor 66 and the resistor. The transient response is transmitted to the current measuring unit 62 through the series circuit 67.
- the current measuring unit 62 can use a normal ammeter.
- the number calculation unit 64 calculates the number of fine particles 16 based on the current value from the current measurement unit 62.
- the heater 70 is embedded in the wall of the hollow portion 12c where the collecting electrode 48 is provided.
- the heater 70 is supplied with electric power from a power source (not shown) when the collecting electrode 48 is refreshed by incinerating the fine particles 16 collected by the collecting electrode 48.
- the heater 70 is also used when the number of fine particles is measured in a state in which the influence of polymer hydrocarbons called SOF (Soluble Organic Fraction) is eliminated.
- the particulate number detector 10 When measuring particulates contained in the exhaust gas of an automobile, the particulate number detector 10 is attached in the exhaust pipe of the engine. At this time, the particulate matter detector 10 is attached so that the exhaust gas is introduced into the vent pipe 12 from the gas inlet 12a of the particulate detector 10 and discharged from the gas outlet 12b.
- the fine particles 16 contained in the exhaust gas introduced into the vent pipe 12 from the gas inlet 12a pass through the nozzle 24 after charge 18 (electrons) is added on the discharge electrode 26 side of the charge generation element 20, and pass through the hollow portion 12c. to go into.
- the fine particles 16 to which the electric charge 18 is added are collected by passing through the surplus charge removing device 50 as it is, whose electric field is weak and the length of the removal electrode 58 is 1/20 to 1/10 as short as the length of the hollow portion 12c. Device 40 is reached. Further, the electric charge 18 that has not been added to the fine particles 16 also passes through the nozzle 24 and enters the hollow portion 12c.
- Such charges 18 are attracted to the positive electrode 56 of the surplus charge removing device 50 even if the electric field is weak, and are discarded to the GND via the removing electrode 58 installed in the middle thereof. Thereby, the unnecessary charges 18 that have not been added to the fine particles 16 hardly reach the collection device 40.
- the fine particles 16 to which the electric charge 18 is added reach the collecting device 40, they are attracted to the positive electrode 46 and collected by the collecting electrode 48 installed in the middle thereof.
- a current based on the electric charge 18 added to the fine particles 16 attached to the collecting electrode 48 is transmitted to the current measuring unit 62 of the number measuring device 60 as a transient response through a series circuit including a capacitor 66 and a resistor 67. .
- the number calculation unit 64 integrates (accumulates) the current value from the current measurement unit 62 over a period during which the switch 68 is on (switch-on period) to obtain an integral value (accumulated charge amount) of the current value. . After the switch-on period, the accumulated charge amount is divided by the elementary charge to obtain the total number of charges (collected charge number), and the collected charge number is divided by the average value of the number of charges added to one fine particle 16. Thus, the number of fine particles 16 attached to the collecting electrode 48 over a certain time (for example, 5 to 15 seconds) can be obtained.
- the number calculating unit 64 repeatedly performs the calculation for calculating the number of the fine particles 16 in a predetermined time over a predetermined period (for example, 1 to 5 minutes) and accumulates the fine particles attached to the collection electrode 48 over the predetermined period.
- the number of 16 can be calculated. Further, by using the transient response by the capacitor 66 and the resistor 67, it is possible to measure even with a small current, and the number of the fine particles 16 can be detected with high accuracy.
- a minute current at a pA (picoampere) level or an nA (nanoampere) level for example, a minute current can be measured by increasing the time constant using the resistor 67 having a large resistance value.
- power is supplied to the heater 70 to incinerate the fine particles 16 collected on the collecting electrode 48 to refresh the collecting electrode 48.
- the charge generation element 20 of the present embodiment since high-efficiency discharge using the dielectric layer 22 as a barrier layer is used, lower voltage and lower consumption than the needle-shaped charge generation electrode. An equivalent amount of charge can be generated with electric power. Further, the generated charges 18 and the fine particles 16 to which the charges 18 are added are discharged from the upstream side in the gas traveling direction to the downstream side through the nozzle 24 incorporated in the dielectric layer 22. Therefore, there is no connection path connecting the nozzle generating element and the nozzle, and the charge 18 and the fine particles 16 to which the charge 18 is added do not adhere to the wall surface of the connection path. Therefore, the charges 18 and the fine particles 16 to which the charges are added can be efficiently discharged to the hollow portion 12c with almost no loss.
- the dielectric layer 22 has the nozzle 24 at the center of the dielectric layer 22, the charge 18 generated by the charge generation element 20 and the fine particles 16 to which the charge 18 is added are easily emitted from the nozzle 24.
- the amount of generated charges can be increased compared to the case where only one electrode pair is present. it can.
- the dielectric layer 22 has the ultrasonic vibrator 36, the dielectric layer 22 is vibrated by the ultrasonic vibrator 36, whereby the charges 18 and the fine particles 16 to which the charges 18 are added are formed in the dielectric layer. It is possible to prevent the particles 22 from adhering to the surface 22 and to remove the adhered fine particles 16. Further, it is possible to prevent the nozzle 24 from being clogged.
- the charge generation element 20 including the flat dielectric layer 22 is illustrated, but the charge generation element 120 including the cone-shaped dielectric layer 122 is employed as shown in FIG. May be.
- the charge generation element 120 has the same configuration as the charge generation element 20 except that the shape of the dielectric layer 122 is different. Therefore, the same components as those of the charge generation element 20 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the tip of the cone-shaped dielectric layer 122 is disposed downstream in the gas traveling direction.
- the cone shape includes an elliptical cone shape as well as a cone shape.
- the outer shape of the dielectric layer 122 is circular or elliptical.
- the nozzle 124 is provided at the tip of the dielectric layer 122.
- the discharge electrode 26 is provided on the inner surface of the cone-shaped dielectric layer 122, and the induction electrode 30 is provided on the outer surface of the cone-shaped dielectric layer 122.
- the charge generation element 120 the charge 18 generated by the discharge electrode 26 and the fine particles 16 to which the charge 18 is added are smoothly guided to the nozzle 124 by the cone-shaped dielectric layer 122. Released to the part 12c.
- the dielectric layer 122 may have a pyramid shape.
- the pyramid shape includes a polygonal pyramid shape such as a quadrangular pyramid shape, but a quadrangular pyramid shape is preferable.
- the outer shape of the dielectric layer 122 is a polygon.
- the discharge electrode 26 and the induction electrode 30 are arranged radially with the nozzle 24 as the center.
- the discharge electrode 226 and the induction electrode 230 are annular with the nozzle 24 as the center. You may arrange in. Specifically, the discharge electrode 226 is annularly arranged, and the induction electrodes 230 are annularly arranged on the inner peripheral side and the outer peripheral side of the discharge electrode 226, respectively.
- a plurality of electrode pairs including one discharge electrode 226 and two induction electrodes 230 are arranged in a ring shape. Therefore, the amount of generated charges can be increased compared to the case where there is only one electrode pair.
- the protrusion of the discharge electrode 226 is omitted in FIG. 6, the same protrusion as that of the discharge electrode 26 may be provided.
- the number of the fine particles 16 to which the electric charges 18 are added is measured.
- the electric charges 18 are added by subtracting the number of the electric charges 18 that are not added to the fine particles 16 from the total number of the generated electric charges 18.
- the number of fine particles 16 may be obtained (see, for example, the third embodiment of Patent Document 1). Specifically, first, the number (N1) of charges 18 generated in the charge generation element 20 is measured using a gas in which the fine particles 16 are hardly present. Next, using a gas containing fine particles 16, the number (N 2) of the charges 18 generated by the charge generation element 20 that are not added to the fine particles 16 is measured.
- the charge 18 generated at the discharge electrode 26 of the charge generation element 20 is added to the fine particles 16 included in the gas, and the fine particles 16 to which the charge 18 is added are emitted from the nozzle 24.
- a mixing region is provided in front of the hollow portion 12c (upstream side in the gas traveling direction) in the ventilation pipe 12, and a charge generation element 20 is provided in front of the mixing region, and charge is generated from the exhaust gas of an automobile including fine particles. It may be introduced into the mixing region without going through the element 20.
- the charge generation element 20 ionizes air supplied from the upstream side by air discharge to generate charges (ions), and discharges the charges from the nozzle 24 to the mixing region.
- exhaust gas containing fine particles is introduced into the mixing region.
- electric charges are added to the fine particles in the exhaust gas.
- the fine particles to which charges are added in this way are introduced from the mixing region into the hollow portion 12c. Thereafter, the number of fine particles to which electric charges are added is measured in the same manner as in the above-described embodiment.
- the ultrasonic transducer 36 is disposed in the vicinity of the nozzle 24.
- the ultrasonic transducer 36 may be disposed at a position away from the nozzle 24, or may be disposed on the dielectric layer 22 and on the induction electrode 30 or the discharge electrode 26. You may arrange
- the dielectric layer 22 may not have the ultrasonic transducer 36, but it is preferable to have it.
- the protrusion 26a is provided on the discharge electrode 26. However, the protrusion 26a may be omitted. In the above-described embodiment, the surplus charge removing device 50 is provided, but this may be omitted.
- the outer shape of the charge generation element 20 (the outer shape of the dielectric layer 22) is a disc shape, but is not particularly limited to a disc shape, and has a shape that matches the cross-sectional shape of the vent pipe. do it.
- the charge generation element 20 can be hermetically attached to the vent tube 12, so that it is possible to prevent charges from leaking from the gap between the vent tube 12 and the charge generation element 20.
- the cross-sectional shape of the vent pipe is a square
- the outer shape of the charge generation element 20 may be a square. This also applies to the charge generation element 120.
- the particle number detector 10 that measures the number of particles in the gas is illustrated, but instead of measuring the number of particles in the gas, whether or not the number of particles falls within a predetermined range (for example, it may be determined whether or not a predetermined threshold is exceeded.
- the discharge electrode 26 is provided on one surface of the dielectric layer 22 and the induction electrode 30 is provided on the other surface is shown, but the present invention is not particularly limited thereto.
- the dielectric layer 22 may be embedded inside.
- the opening shape of the nozzle 24 is circular, but it may be polygonal or elliptical. This also applies to the nozzle 124 of the charge generation element 120.
- Example 1 By grinding a cylindrical 96% alumina sintered body having an outer diameter of 28 mm, an inner diameter of 5 mm, and a height of 14 mm, the outer diameter of the bottom surface is 28 mm, the inner diameter is 27 mm, the outer diameter of the upper surface is 6 mm, and the inner diameter is A cone-shaped (conical truncated cone) alumina sintered body having a height of 5 mm and a height of 14 mm was produced. In this example, this alumina sintered body was used as a dielectric layer substrate.
- the cone-shaped alumina sintered body can also be produced by a gel cast method in which a ceramic slurry is poured into a mold.
- a coating device equipped with an inkjet head at the tip of the robot arm was prepared.
- the dielectric layer substrate was supported on the stage.
- An ink jet head provided with a nozzle can be moved in all directions by a robot arm, and a cone-shaped dielectric substrate can also be moved in all directions by a stage.
- the platinum paste was injected into the inkjet head, the platinum paste was applied as the discharge electrode inside the cone-shaped dielectric layer substrate, and the platinum paste was applied as the induction electrode outside.
- Discharge and induction electrodes with high application accuracy are formed by applying platinum paste while moving the head and stage so that the area where the platinum paste is applied on the dielectric layer substrate and the nozzle of the inkjet head are close to each other. did.
- An arbitrary discharge electrode pattern can be formed by changing the coating pattern of the coating apparatus.
- the platinum paste is pulverized so that the particle size of platinum is smaller than the nozzle diameter of the ink jet head to prevent nozzle clogging, and the organic solvent content is made higher than the platinum paste used in Comparative Example 1 described later.
- the applicability was improved by lowering the viscosity.
- the dielectric layer substrate after applying the platinum paste was baked to obtain a charge generating element in which the discharge electrode, the induction electrode, the dielectric layer, and the nozzle were integrated.
- the length of the discharge electrode was 15 mm
- the width (excluding the protrusions) was 0.12 mm
- the protrusion shape was a triangle
- the number of protrusions was 38
- the protrusion pitch was 0.3 mm.
- Example 2 A cone-shaped alumina sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, and this was divided into two in the longitudinal direction, whereby two half members were produced. In this example, these two half members were used as the dielectric layer substrate.
- the half member can also be manufactured by a gel cast method in which ceramic slurry is poured into a mold. A through hole for taking out the cable wire was provided by drilling the half member.
- a SUS316 sheet having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was laser processed to remove discoloration and burrs due to heat by chemical polishing, thereby producing discharge electrodes and induction electrodes.
- the length, width (excluding protrusions), protrusion shape, number of protrusions, and protrusion pitch of the discharge electrode were the same as those in Example 1.
- the discharge electrode thus obtained was bonded to the inside of each of the two halved members, and the induction electrode was bonded to each of the two halved members with a glass paste, followed by welding.
- the two half members thus fabricated were bonded together with the glass paste described above and welded to obtain a charge generating element in which the discharge electrode, induction electrode, dielectric layer and nozzle were integrated.
- a cable wire was attached to the electrode pad of the discharge electrode and the induction electrode provided in the charge generation element.
- the cable line connected to the discharge electrode was passed through the previous through hole.
- Example 1 A cone-shaped alumina sintered body was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. In this comparative example, this alumina sintered body was used as a casing. Next, by using a ceramic slurry containing alumina powder, a sheet is formed by a doctor blade method so that the thickness after sintering is 0.5 mm, and after firing, it is cut into a width of 16 mm and a depth of 7 mm. A dielectric layer substrate for the charge generation element was produced. A discharge electrode was formed by screen printing a platinum paste on one surface of the dielectric layer substrate, and an induction electrode was formed by screen printing the platinum paste on the other surface.
- the dielectric layer substrate on which both electrodes were formed was fired to obtain a charge generating element.
- the length, width (excluding protrusions), protrusion shape, number of protrusions, and protrusion pitch of the discharge electrode were the same as those in Example 1.
- This charge generation element was fixed in a cone-shaped alumina sintered body.
- a cable wire was attached to the electrode pad of the discharge electrode and the induction electrode formed on the charge generation element.
- a through hole was made in the housing by drilling, and a cable line connected to the discharge electrode was passed through this through hole.
- the charge generation element of Example 1 After connecting the cable line to the output cable of the high voltage amplifier, the above-described pulse wave was applied. At this time, the ion density was 7.6 ⁇ 10 6 ions / cc.
- the cable wave was connected to the output cable of the high voltage amplifier, and then the pulse wave described above was applied. At this time, the ion density was 7.8 ⁇ 10 6 ions / cc.
- the above-described pulse wave was applied after connecting the cable wire to the output cable of the high-voltage amplifier. .
- the ion density was 5.8 ⁇ 10 6 ions / cc.
- the charge generating element of the present invention can be used for, for example, a particle number detector.
- Fine particle counter 10 Fine particle counter, 12 Vent pipe, 12a Gas inlet, 12b Gas outlet, 12c Hollow part, 16 Fine particles, 18 Charge, 20 Charge generating element, 22 Dielectric layer, 24 Nozzle, 26 Discharge electrode, 26a Protrusion, 26b Base line, 28 discharge electrode terminal, 30 induction electrode, 32 induction electrode terminal, 34 power supply, 36 ultrasonic transducer, 40 collection device, 42 electric field generator, 44 negative electrode, 46 positive electrode, 48 collection electrode, 50 surplus Charge removal device, 52 electric field generation unit, 54 negative electrode, 56 positive electrode, 58 removal electrode, 60 number measurement device, 62 current measurement unit, 64 number calculation unit, 66 capacitor, 67 resistor, 68 switch, 70 heater, 120 charge generation Element, 122 dielectric layer, 124 nozzle, 220 charge generation element, 226 Discharge electrodes, 230 induction electrode.
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Abstract
Description
気中放電により電荷を発生する電荷発生素子であって、
誘電体層と、
前記誘電体層の一方の面に設けられた放電電極と、
前記誘電体層の他方の面に設けられた誘導電極と、
前記誘電体層のうち前記放電電極及び前記誘導電極と干渉しない位置に前記誘電体層を貫通するように設けられたノズルと、
を備えたものである。
外径が28mm、内径が5mm、高さが14mmの円筒形の96%アルミナ焼結体を研削加工することにより、底面の外径が28mm、内径が27mm、上面の外径が6mm、内径が5mm、高さが14mmのコーン形状(円錐台形状)のアルミナ焼結体を作製した。本実施例では、このアルミナ焼結体を誘電体層基板として使用した。コーン形状のアルミナ焼結体は、セラミックスラリーを型に流し込んで成形するゲルキャスト法によっても、作製することができる。
実施例1と同様にしてコーン形状のアルミナ焼結体を作製し、これを縦方向に2分割することにより、半割部材を2体作製した。本実施例では、この2体の半割部材を誘電体層基板として使用した。なお、半割部材は、セラミックスラリーを型に流し込んで成形するゲルキャスト法でも、製作することができる。この半割部材に穴あけ加工をすることにより、ケーブル線の取り出し用貫通孔を設けた。
実施例1と同様にしてコーン形状のアルミナ焼結体を作製した。本比較例では、このアルミナ焼結体を筐体として使用した。次に、アルミナ粉末を含有したセラミックスラリーを用いて、焼結後の厚みが0.5mmになるようにドクターブレード法によりシートを成形し、焼成後、幅16mm、奥行7mmに切断することで、電荷発生素子の誘電体層基板を作製した。誘電体層基板の一方の面に白金ペーストをスクリーン印刷することにより放電電極を形成し、他方の面に白金ペーストをスクリーン印刷することにより誘導電極を形成した。その後、両電極を形成した誘電体層基板を焼成することにより、電荷発生素子を得た。放電電極の長さ、幅(突起を除く)、突起部形状、突起数、突起のピッチについては、実施例1と同じとした。この電荷発生素子を、コーン形状のアルミナ焼結体の中に固定した。電荷発生素子に放電電圧を印加するために、電荷発生素子に形成した放電電極と誘導電極の電極パッドにケーブル線を取り付けた。さらに、筐体に穴あけ加工により貫通孔をあけ、この貫通孔に放電電極に繋いだケーブル線を通した。
実施例1、実施例2及び比較例1で作製した電荷発生素子について、評価試験を行った。評価方法としては、電荷発生素子に、電圧3000V、オフセット電圧1500V、パルス幅50μsec、周期1msecのパルス波を印加したときのイオン密度を測定した。ファンクションジェネレーター(テクトロニクス社製)でパルス波を発生させ、高電圧アンプ(トレック社製)で高電圧に増幅したパルス波を、電荷発生素子に印加し、電荷発生素子から発生したイオンの密度を、空気イオンカウンター(泰榮電器エンジニアリング製)で吸引しながら測定した。吸引量は1.5リットル/分とした。
Claims (10)
- 気中放電により電荷を発生する電荷発生素子であって、
誘電体層と、
前記誘電体層の一方の面に設けられた放電電極と、
前記誘電体層の他方の面又は内部に設けられた誘導電極と、
前記誘電体層のうち前記放電電極及び前記誘導電極と干渉しない位置に前記誘電体層を貫通するように設けられたノズルと、
を備えた電荷発生素子。 - 前記発生した電荷をガスに含まれる微粒子に付加する、
請求項1に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記誘電体層は、前記誘電体層の中心に前記ノズルを有している、
請求項1又は2に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記ノズルの開口形状は、多角形、円形又は楕円形である、
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記誘電体層は、コーン形状であり、
前記ノズルは、前記誘電体層の尖端に設けられている、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記誘電体層は、ピラミッド形状であり、
前記ノズルは、前記誘電体層の尖端に設けられている、
請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記放電電極は、前記誘電体層の内面に設けられ、
前記誘導電極は、前記誘電体層の外面又は内部に設けられている、
請求項5又は6に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記放電電極及び前記誘導電極は、複数の対をなすように設けられており、各々前記ノズルを中心として放射状又は環状に配置されている、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 前記誘電体層は、前記誘電体層を振動させる振動源を有している、
請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電荷発生素子。 - 通気管内に導入されたガス中の微粒子に電荷を付加する請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の電荷発生素子と、
電荷が付加された微粒子の電荷の量又は微粒子に付加されなかった電荷の量に基づいて前記ガス中の微粒子の数を検出する検出手段と、
を備えた微粒子数検出器。
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EP17806446.5A EP3444909A4 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2017-05-22 | LOAD GENERATING ELEMENT AND FINE PARTICLE DETECTOR |
JP2018520812A JPWO2017208889A1 (ja) | 2016-06-03 | 2017-05-22 | 電荷発生素子及び微粒子数検出器 |
CN201780029110.2A CN109196741B (zh) | 2016-06-03 | 2017-05-22 | 电荷产生元件以及微粒数检测器 |
US16/184,123 US20190072520A1 (en) | 2016-06-03 | 2018-11-08 | Electric-charge generating element and particle counter |
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WO2020036092A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-13 | 2020-02-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 微粒子検出器 |
WO2020099045A1 (de) * | 2018-11-16 | 2020-05-22 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Partikelsensor mit einem von ionen getriebenen messgasstrom |
WO2020104112A1 (de) * | 2018-11-23 | 2020-05-28 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Kompakter partikelsensor mit sensorinterner messgasführung |
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US20190072520A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
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JPWO2017208889A1 (ja) | 2019-04-11 |
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