WO2017018507A1 - 発光素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
発光素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017018507A1 WO2017018507A1 PCT/JP2016/072326 JP2016072326W WO2017018507A1 WO 2017018507 A1 WO2017018507 A1 WO 2017018507A1 JP 2016072326 W JP2016072326 W JP 2016072326W WO 2017018507 A1 WO2017018507 A1 WO 2017018507A1
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- emitting element
- light
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/005—Processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/30—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
- H01L21/302—Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
- H01L21/306—Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
- H01L21/3065—Plasma etching; Reactive-ion etching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/02—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies
- H01L33/20—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor bodies with a particular shape, e.g. curved or truncated substrate
- H01L33/22—Roughened surfaces, e.g. at the interface between epitaxial layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a light emitting element, and more particularly to a method for manufacturing a light emitting element that emits ultraviolet light.
- Such a light emitting element for deep ultraviolet light is formed by sequentially stacking an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) -based n-type semiconductor layer, an active layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer on a substrate such as a sapphire substrate, for example. .
- AlGaN aluminum gallium nitride
- Deep UV light emitted from the active layer is output to the outside through a second main surface (light extraction surface) opposite to the first main surface on which the semiconductor layer is laminated in the sapphire substrate.
- the sapphire substrate is a material having a relatively high refractive index, the difference in refractive index at the interface serving as the light extraction surface is large. As a result, most of the deep ultraviolet light traveling from the active layer toward the light extraction surface is totally reflected inward, which causes a significant decrease in external extraction efficiency.
- One method for increasing the light extraction efficiency of the sapphire substrate is to form a concavo-convex structure of about nanometers or submicrons on the light extraction surface.
- a fine concavo-convex structure is formed by forming a resist pattern on a sapphire substrate using a lithography technique or a nanoimprint technique and performing an etching process (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the present invention has been made in view of these problems, and one of the exemplary purposes thereof is to manufacture a light emitting element with improved light extraction efficiency by a simple and low cost method.
- a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element includes a solution containing a first material and a second material different from the first material on a main surface serving as a light extraction surface of the light-emitting element. And a step of forming a mask layer by etching the mask layer and the main surface by dry etching from above the formed mask layer.
- the etching rate on the main surface serving as the light extraction surface can be varied depending on the position by utilizing the difference in material characteristics between the first material and the second material included in the mask layer. Accordingly, the main surface can be etched at different depths depending on the position, and a light extraction surface having a concavo-convex structure can be formed by a simple and inexpensive method, and the light extraction efficiency of the light-emitting element can be improved.
- a step of removing the mask layer remaining on the uneven structure may be further provided.
- the first material may be a resin material
- the second material may be an inorganic material.
- the particles of the second material may be dispersed in the solution.
- the light emitting element may be configured to output ultraviolet light to the outside through a concavo-convex structure.
- the light emitting element may include a sapphire substrate.
- the uneven structure may be formed on one main surface of the sapphire substrate.
- a light emitting device with improved light extraction efficiency can be manufactured by a simple and low cost method.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration of a light emitting element 10 according to an embodiment.
- the light emitting element 10 includes a substrate 12 and a semiconductor multilayer structure 14.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 14 includes a template layer 16, an n-type cladding layer 18, an active layer 20, a p-type cladding layer 22, a p-type contact layer 24, a p-side electrode 26, and an n-side electrode 28.
- the light emitting device 10 is a semiconductor light emitting device configured to emit “deep ultraviolet light” having a center wavelength ⁇ of about 355 nm or less, and is a so-called LED (Light Emitting Diode) chip.
- the active layer 20 is made of an aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN) -based semiconductor material having a band gap of about 3.4 eV or more.
- AlGaN aluminum gallium nitride
- the substrate 12 has a first main surface 12a on which the template layer 16 is laminated.
- Substrate 12 is a sapphire (Al 2 O 3) substrate, for example, is provided to the first main surface 12a is of the sapphire substrate (0001) plane.
- the template layer 16 includes a layer formed of an AlN-based semiconductor material.
- the template layer 16 includes an AlN (HT-AlN) layer grown at a high temperature.
- the template layer 16 may include a layer formed of an AlGaN-based semiconductor material, for example, an undoped AlGaN (u-AlGaN) layer.
- the substrate 12 and the template layer 16 function as an underlayer for forming a layer above the n-type cladding layer 18. These layers function as a light extraction substrate for extracting the deep ultraviolet light emitted from the active layer 20 to the outside, and transmit the deep ultraviolet light emitted from the active layer 20.
- a light extraction surface 12 c is provided on the opposite side of the substrate 12 from the first main surface 12 a. The light extraction surface 12c is provided with a concavo-convex structure 30 for increasing the light extraction efficiency.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 is formed such that the concavo-convex is repeated with a period smaller than the wavelength of the light output from the light emitting element 10.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 is not concavo-convex shape having a specific periodicity, but has a concavo-convex shape in which the height of the concavo-convex and the period in the surface direction are random in the plane of the light extraction surface 12c.
- the refractive index gradually changes at the interface of the light extraction surface 12c when viewed from the light transmitted through the light extraction surface 12c.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 is formed such that the period in the surface direction of the concavo-convex is about 0.01 to 0.5 times the wavelength ⁇ , and preferably about 0.01 to 0.1 times. Is done.
- the period of the concavo-convex structure 30 is formed to be about 3 nm to 140 nm, and preferably about 3 nm to 28 nm.
- the n-type cladding layer 18 is formed of an n-type AlGaN-based semiconductor material, for example, an AlGaN layer doped with silicon (Si) as an n-type impurity.
- the composition ratio of the n-type cladding layer 18 is selected so as to transmit deep ultraviolet light emitted from the active layer 20.
- the n-type cladding layer 18 is formed so that the molar fraction of AlN is higher than that of the active layer 20.
- the active layer 20 is formed on a partial region of the n-type cladding layer 18.
- the active layer 20 is made of an AlGaN-based semiconductor material and constitutes a double heterojunction structure sandwiched between the n-type cladding layer 18 and the p-type cladding layer 22.
- the active layer 20 may constitute a single-layer or multilayer quantum well structure.
- Such a quantum well structure is formed, for example, by laminating a barrier layer formed of an n-type or undoped AlGaN semiconductor material and a well layer formed of an undoped AlGaN semiconductor material.
- the p-type cladding layer 22 is formed on the active layer 20.
- the p-type cladding layer 22 is a layer formed of a p-type AlGaN-based semiconductor material, for example, an Mg-doped AlGaN layer.
- the composition ratio of the p-type cladding layer 22 is selected so that the molar fraction of AlN is higher than that of the active layer 20.
- the p-type contact layer 24 is formed on the p-type cladding layer 22.
- the p-type contact layer 24 is formed of a p-type AlGaN-based semiconductor material, and the composition ratio is selected so that the Al content is lower than that of the p-type cladding layer 22.
- the p-type contact layer 24 may be formed of a p-type GaN-based semiconductor material that does not substantially contain AlN.
- the p-side electrode 26 is provided on the p-type contact layer 24.
- the p-side electrode 26 is formed of a material capable of realizing ohmic contact with the p-type contact layer 24, and is formed of, for example, a laminated structure of titanium (Ti) / platinum (Pt) / gold (Au).
- the n-side electrode 28 is provided in the exposed region 38 where the active layer 20 on the n-type cladding layer 18 is not provided.
- the n-side electrode 28 is formed of a stacked structure of gold germanium (AuGe) / Ni / Au.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 14 is formed on the first main surface 12 a of the substrate 12.
- the template layer 16, the n-type cladding layer 18, the active layer 20, the p-type cladding layer 22, and the p-type contact layer 24 are sequentially stacked on the first main surface 12 a of the substrate 12.
- These layers can be formed using a known epitaxial growth method such as a metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOVPE) method or a molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) method.
- MOVPE metal organic chemical vapor deposition
- MBE molecular beam epitaxy
- the active layer 20, the p-type cladding layer 22 and the p-type contact layer 24 are partially removed to form an exposed region 38 where the n-type cladding layer 18 is exposed.
- the exposed region 38 can be formed, for example, by masking a part of the p-type contact layer 24 and etching each layer through the mask.
- the exposed region 38 can be formed by, for example, dry etching using plasma.
- a Ti / Pt / Au p-side electrode 26 is formed on the p-type contact layer 24, and an AuGe / Ni / Au n-side electrode 28 is formed on the exposed region 38 on the n-type cladding layer 18.
- Each metal layer constituting the p-side electrode 26 and the n-side electrode 28 can be formed by a known method such as the MBE method.
- the semiconductor multilayer structure 14 shown in FIG. 2 is completed. At this point, the concave-convex structure is not formed on the second main surface 12b opposite to the first main surface 12a of the substrate 12.
- a mask layer 32 is formed on the second major surface 12 b of the substrate 12.
- the mask layer 32 includes a base portion 34 and particles 36 dispersed in the base portion 34.
- the base 34 is made of a resin material that is a first material, and is made of, for example, a polymer resin such as a novolak, phenol, epoxy, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylic, or polyamide.
- the particles 36 are made of an inorganic material that is the second material, and are made of, for example, a metal oxide or a metal.
- the particles 36 include, for example, silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), silicon nitride (SiN x ), aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconium oxide (ZrO), molybdenum oxide (M O O x ), hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ), Metal oxides such as tantalum oxide (TaO x ) and titanium oxide (TiO 2 ), silicon (Si), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), silver (Ag), gold (Au), Metals such as tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), niobium (Nb) may be included.
- the base 34 and the particles 36 are selected such that the particles 36 are less susceptible to etching than the base 34, for example, the particles 36 are harder than the base 34.
- the particle size of the particles 36 is selected according to the periodicity in the surface direction of the concavo-convex structure 30 to be formed, and a particle size having a size according to the concavo-convex cycle to be created is selected. For example, in order to realize the concavo-convex structure 30 having a period of about 10 nm, for example, particles 36 having a particle diameter of about 10 nm to 100 nm may be used.
- the mask layer 32 is formed by mixing a polymer that becomes the base 34 in an organic solvent, applying a solution in which the particles 36 are dispersed on the second main surface 12b, and drying or heating the applied solution.
- the mask layer 32 can be formed to a thickness of about submicron by applying a low viscosity solution by spin coating.
- the mask layer 32 and the second main surface 12b are dry-etched by irradiating an etching gas 40 from above the mask layer 32.
- the etching process is performed until almost all of the mask layer 32 is removed and at least a part of the second main surface 12b is etched.
- the base portion 34 and the particles 36 constituting the mask layer 32 have different material properties, the base portion 34 and the particles 36 are etched at different rates by the etching gas 40.
- the particles 36 made of an inorganic material are less likely to be etched than the base portion 34 made of a resin, and the etching rate is slow.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 is formed by utilizing such a difference in etching rate between the base 34 and the particles 36.
- the particles 36 included in the mask layer 32 exist in the base 34 in a state of being randomly overlapped. For example, at the positions indicated by A and D, many particles 36 overlap in the etching direction, while at the positions indicated by B and C, the number of particles 36 is small. Further, there may be a place where the particle 36 does not exist on a straight line extending in the etching direction, such as the position indicated by E. At positions where the distance for etching the particles 36 is long, such as A and D, it takes a relatively long time to reach the second main surface 12b through the mask layer 32 by etching.
- the time taken to reach the second major surface 12b is relatively short. Therefore, when the etching process is performed uniformly for the same time for each position, the depth of etching of the second main surface 12b varies depending on the position.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram schematically showing the concavo-convex structure 30 formed after the etching process.
- the height of the substrate 12 is relatively high at positions A and D that are difficult to be etched, whereas the height of the substrate 12 is relatively high at positions B, C, and E that are easily etched. Lower.
- the light extraction surface 12c having the concavo-convex structure 30 can be formed by etching the second main surface 12b of the substrate 12 using such variation in etching depth.
- etching step a physical etching method using a rare gas such as argon (Ar) as the etching gas 40 may be used, or a reaction using a reactive gas containing fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), or the like.
- An ion etching method may be used.
- the variation amount of the etching rate according to the position can be controlled, and the height and the period of the concavo-convex structure 30 can be adjusted.
- the mask layer 32 remaining on the second main surface 12b may be removed.
- the mask layer 32 can be removed or washed by a wet process using an organic solvent or the like that can dissolve the resin that becomes the base 34.
- This cleaning process is desirably performed by a method that does not affect the shape of the concavo-convex structure 30 formed on the substrate 12.
- substrate 12 of 1 sheet after forming the light extraction surface 12c which has the uneven structure 30, the board
- the light extraction surface 12c having the concavo-convex structure 30 can be formed using the mask layer 32 formed by applying a solution containing the base 34 and the particles 36.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 can be formed easily and inexpensively as compared with the case of using a lithography technique, a nanoimprint technique, or the like.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 can be formed. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the light extraction efficiency of the light emitting element 10 can be increased while suppressing the manufacturing cost of the light emitting element 10.
- a semiconductor multilayer structure composed of an AlGaN-based semiconductor material is formed on a sapphire substrate by the above-described method.
- a solution in which novolac resin was mixed with an organic solvent and SiO 2 particles having a particle diameter of about 50 nm were dispersed was prepared.
- This solution was prepared so as to have a viscosity of 1.5 mPa ⁇ s.
- This solution was applied onto the second main surface of the sapphire substrate by spin coating. After coating, the substrate was heated using a hot plate to volatilize the solvent, and a mask layer having a thickness of about 0.2 ⁇ m was formed.
- the entire surface of the sapphire substrate was dry-etched from above the mask layer by an ion milling apparatus using argon gas.
- the etching conditions were an irradiation amount and an irradiation time capable of etching the sapphire substrate by about 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a concavo-convex structure having a specific periodicity having a height of about 0.1 ⁇ m could be formed on the sapphire substrate. It was confirmed that the intensity of the output light was improved by about 30% by providing the concavo-convex structure according to this method as compared with the light emitting element not forming the concavo-convex structure.
- the concavo-convex structure is formed by performing the mask formation step and the etching step once.
- a desired concavo-convex structure may be formed by performing the mask formation step and the etching step a plurality of times. Specifically, a mask layer may be formed again on the main surface after the first etching step and the etching process may be performed.
- particles having a relatively large particle size for example, a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m to 2 ⁇ m
- particles having a relatively small particle size for example, a particle size of 20 nm to 200 nm
- the etching process may be performed using a first mask layer including particles having a first particle diameter, and then the etching process may be performed using a second mask layer including particles having a second particle diameter.
- the particles contained in the first mask layer may have a larger average particle size or median particle size distribution than the particles contained in the second mask layer.
- Any of a mode diameter, a median diameter, and an arithmetic average diameter may be used as an index for comparing the size of particles.
- any number average diameter, length average diameter, area average diameter, or volume average diameter may be used as the arithmetic average diameter.
- the ratio or ratio of the particles and the base included in the mask layer used in each step may be varied.
- an etching process may be performed using a first mask layer having a particle content ratio of a first ratio, and then an etching process may be performed using a second mask layer having a particle content ratio of a second ratio.
- the ratio or ratio between the particle and the base may be compared based on the volume of the particle and the base, or may be compared based on the weight of the particle and the base.
- the concavo-convex structure 30 is formed on the light extraction surface of the light emitting element that emits deep ultraviolet light.
- the present invention may be applied to a light extraction surface of a light emitting element that emits ultraviolet light having a wavelength ⁇ of about 360 nm to 400 nm or visible light having a wavelength ⁇ of 400 nm or more.
- the concavo-convex structure is formed as the antireflection structure of the LED chip which is the light emitting element.
- a concavo-convex structure formed using the above-described method may be applied as an antireflection structure in different applications.
- the concavo-convex structure may be formed on a glass surface such as a display such as a television or a personal computer, a windshield of an automobile, a glass case for protecting an exhibit of a museum, merchandise of a store, or the like using the above-described method.
- a concavo-convex structure by the above-described method may be formed on the surface of the optical element.
- the concavo-convex structure described above may be formed on a flat surface or a curved surface.
- SYMBOLS 10 Light emitting element, 12 ... Board
- a light emitting device with improved light extraction efficiency can be manufactured by a simple and low cost method.
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Abstract
Description
図2に示すように、基板12の第1主面12aの上に半導体積層構造14を形成する。まず、基板12の第1主面12aの上に、テンプレート層16、n型クラッド層18、活性層20、p型クラッド層22、p型コンタクト層24を順に積層させる。これらの層は、有機金属化学気相成長(MOVPE)法や、分子線エピタキシ(MBE)法などの周知のエピタキシャル成長法を用いて形成できる。
以下に、実施例に基づいて本実施の形態を詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら限定されるものではない。
Claims (6)
- 発光素子の光取り出し面となる主面上に、第1材料と前記第1材料と異なる第2材料とを含む溶液を塗布してマスク層を形成する工程と、
形成したマスク層の上からドライエッチングにより前記マスク層および前記主面をエッチングして凹凸構造を形成する工程と、を備えることを特徴とする発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記凹凸構造の上に残留する前記マスク層を除去する工程をさらに備えることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記第1材料は樹脂材料であり、前記第2材料は無機材料であることを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記溶液には、前記第2材料の粒子が分散されることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記発光素子は、前記凹凸構造を通じて紫外光を外部に出力するよう構成される請求項1から4のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
- 前記発光素子は、サファイア基板を備え、
前記凹凸構造は、前記サファイア基板の一主面に形成されることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれか一項に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
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KR1020187000999A KR20180018700A (ko) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | 발광 소자의 제조 방법 |
JP2017530935A JP6349036B2 (ja) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | 発光素子の製造方法 |
CN201680023860.4A CN108886075B (zh) | 2015-07-29 | 2016-07-29 | 发光元件的制造方法 |
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JP (1) | JP6349036B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20180018700A (ja) |
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CN114023856A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-08 | 厦门士兰明镓化合物半导体有限公司 | 发光二极管及其制造方法 |
EP3989281A4 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-01-25 | LG Electronics Inc. | DISPLAY DEVICE USING A MICRO-LED AND METHOD FOR MAKING IT |
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JP2014507077A (ja) * | 2011-03-03 | 2014-03-20 | ソウル バイオシス カンパニー リミテッド | 発光ダイオードチップ |
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US6228538B1 (en) * | 1998-08-28 | 2001-05-08 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Mask forming methods and field emission display emitter mask forming methods |
JP2007019318A (ja) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-25 | Sumitomo Chemical Co Ltd | 半導体発光素子、半導体発光素子用基板の製造方法及び半導体発光素子の製造方法 |
EP2211374A4 (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2012-10-10 | Ulvac Inc | PROCESS FOR TREATING SUBSTRATE AND SUBSTRATE PROCESSED THEREBY |
KR101062282B1 (ko) * | 2009-03-05 | 2011-09-05 | 우리엘에스티 주식회사 | 질화물계 발광소자 및 그 제조방법 |
JP5767796B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-28 | 2015-08-19 | 林純薬工業株式会社 | エッチング液組成物およびエッチング方法 |
KR101969334B1 (ko) * | 2011-11-16 | 2019-04-17 | 엘지이노텍 주식회사 | 발광 소자 및 이를 구비한 발광 장치 |
CN108389944B (zh) * | 2012-08-21 | 2021-04-02 | 王子控股株式会社 | 半导体发光元件用基板及半导体发光元件 |
JP6153734B2 (ja) * | 2013-01-23 | 2017-06-28 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 光源装置 |
TWI543395B (zh) * | 2013-04-01 | 2016-07-21 | 中國砂輪企業股份有限公司 | 圖案化光電基板及其製作方法 |
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JP2010239003A (ja) * | 2009-03-31 | 2010-10-21 | Sony Corp | 反射防止構造体の製造方法および固体撮像装置の製造方法 |
JP2014507077A (ja) * | 2011-03-03 | 2014-03-20 | ソウル バイオシス カンパニー リミテッド | 発光ダイオードチップ |
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EP3989281A4 (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2023-01-25 | LG Electronics Inc. | DISPLAY DEVICE USING A MICRO-LED AND METHOD FOR MAKING IT |
CN114023856A (zh) * | 2021-09-30 | 2022-02-08 | 厦门士兰明镓化合物半导体有限公司 | 发光二极管及其制造方法 |
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KR20180018700A (ko) | 2018-02-21 |
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