WO2016125718A1 - リチウム二次電池の電極用バインダ樹脂、リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 - Google Patents
リチウム二次電池の電極用バインダ樹脂、リチウム二次電池用電極及びリチウム二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125718A1 WO2016125718A1 PCT/JP2016/052859 JP2016052859W WO2016125718A1 WO 2016125718 A1 WO2016125718 A1 WO 2016125718A1 JP 2016052859 W JP2016052859 W JP 2016052859W WO 2016125718 A1 WO2016125718 A1 WO 2016125718A1
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- aromatic diamine
- binder resin
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- residue
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- 0 CC(C)(C)N(C)C(*(C=O)(C(N1**(C)=C)=O)C1=O)=O Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N(C)C(*(C=O)(C(N1**(C)=C)=O)C1=O)=O 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1007—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a binder resin for an electrode of a lithium secondary battery, an electrode for a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the same, and a lithium secondary battery.
- Lithium secondary batteries are used as the power source for electronic products such as mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, and notebook computers, and the market demand is rapidly growing as a large-capacity battery for power sources and energy storage systems for electric vehicles. It has increased.
- the electrode of a lithium secondary battery is manufactured by applying a slurry (composite material) mixed with an active material, a conductive material, a binder resin and a solvent onto a current collector, drying the solvent, and rolling to a certain thickness.
- a slurry composite material
- an active material having a high specific capacity and output characteristics.
- lithium transition metal oxides lithium iron phosphates, and the like are used as positive electrode active materials for lithium secondary batteries.
- graphite powder has been mainly used as the negative electrode active material, but the use of non-carbon high-capacity materials such as silicon and lithium titanium oxide has increased, and in order to further increase the energy density of the battery, Materials that alloy with lithium are also used.
- the binder resin used in the manufacture of electrodes has battery characteristics such as adhesive strength with active materials, conductive materials and current collectors, active material coverage, resistance to electrolyte swell, efficiency, life, and safety.
- the electrode manufacturability is also required to be easy.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- SBR styrene butadiene latex
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- a polyimide resin excellent in heat resistance and adhesive strength has been studied as a binder resin used for manufacturing an electrode.
- polyamic acid polyimide precursor
- polyimide precursor polyimide precursor
- graphite powder as an active material.
- a slurry compound is prepared, this slurry is applied on a current collector and dried, and then heat treated at 350 ° C. for 2 hours, and polyamic acid is converted to polyimide on the current collector to produce a negative electrode.
- an aliphatic or alicyclic polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) produced by a reaction between a diamine and a carboxylic dianhydride in an NMP solvent is mixed with an active material to form a slurry (composite material). And the slurry is applied on a current collector and dried, followed by heat treatment at 250 ° C. for 1 hour to convert the polyamic acid to polyimide on the current collector to produce a negative electrode.
- Patent Documents 3 to 6 a slurry containing an active material containing silicon and / or a silicon alloy and a polyimide precursor such as polyamic acid as a binder is applied on a current collector, and then heat-treated at a high temperature to collect the current collector.
- a method for producing a negative electrode by converting a polyimide precursor into a specific polyimide compound is disclosed above.
- Patent Document 5 collects, for example, a slurry containing a binder precursor solution made of a mixture of 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid diethyl ester and m-phenylenediamine and the active material.
- a method is described in which a negative electrode using a binder precursor having a specific structure as a binder precursor on a current collector is described by applying to an electric body and drying the solvent, followed by heat treatment at a high temperature.
- the adhesion between the binder resin and the active material, current collector or conductive material and the cycle characteristics of the battery are still insufficient, and polyimide precursors such as polyamide acid are still insufficient. Since the process includes a step of heat-treating the body at a high temperature, the active material or the current collector may be oxidized in the heat-treatment step, and the charge / discharge efficiency of the battery may be reduced.
- Patent Document 8 a composite material containing a precursor of a siloxane-containing polyimide resin and a negative electrode active material is applied onto a current collector, and then the polyimide precursor is imidized on the current collector by heat treatment to thereby form a negative electrode.
- a method for manufacturing the battery electrode is disclosed, and Patent Document 9 describes a conductive agent for a battery electrode containing a reaction product of a ⁇ -conjugated carbon material and a soluble polyimide as a main component.
- the electrodes obtained by the methods of Patent Documents 8 and 9 are insufficient to satisfy the characteristics required for the electrode for the lithium secondary battery described above.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object thereof is an electrode binder resin capable of improving the adhesive strength between an active material, a conductive material, and a current collector. Even when a negative electrode active material containing silicon is used, it is possible to suppress the collapse of the binder during charging and discharging, and the occurrence of peeling at the interface between the active material and the current collector and the binder resin.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode binder resin that is excellent in rapid charge / discharge characteristics, charge / discharge cycle characteristics, active material coverage, charge / discharge efficiency and safety of a secondary battery.
- the present invention also provides an electrode for a lithium secondary battery in which a composite material containing the binder resin is deposited on a current collector, a method for producing the electrode, and a lithium secondary battery including the electrode. It is to provide.
- the present inventors have introduced a carboxyl group or a phenylindane structure into a polyimide resin used as a binder resin for an electrode of a lithium secondary battery. It was found that the adhesive strength of the toner was remarkably improved. In addition, in the case of a polyimide having a phenylindane structure, even when a material containing silicon (silicon) is used as the negative electrode active material, the binder resin collapses or at the interface between the active material and the current collector and the binder resin. It has also been found that the occurrence of peeling is suppressed, and the battery characteristics can sufficiently follow the volume change of the active material.
- the present invention provides a binder resin for an electrode of a lithium secondary battery, which contains a solvent-soluble polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula [I].
- Z is an aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue
- Ar is a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue, or A phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue
- the present invention also provides an electrode for a lithium secondary battery in which an active material, a composite material in which the binder resin of the present invention is mixed, and a conductive material are deposited on a current collector. Moreover, this invention provides the lithium secondary battery provided with the negative electrode, the positive electrode, the separation membrane, the electrolyte, and the exterior material, wherein the positive electrode or the negative electrode is the electrode of the present invention.
- the present invention is a dehydration condensation reaction of an aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine and an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine, or an aromatic or alicyclic Comprising a solvent-soluble polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula [I] by dehydration condensation reaction of a tetracarboxylic dianhydride of the above and a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine.
- a method for producing a binder resin for an electrode of a battery is provided.
- this invention manufactures the electrode for lithium secondary batteries including apply
- the electrode binder resin of the present invention By using the electrode binder resin of the present invention to produce an electrode for a lithium secondary battery, the binding force between the active material particles in the composite material or between the active material particles and the current collector is remarkably increased. In addition, since it is not necessary to go through a heat treatment step after applying the composite material to the current collector, the electrode can be easily manufactured. Furthermore, since the lithium secondary battery including the electrode manufactured in this way has a high specific capacity and excellent charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics, the output characteristics and life of the battery can be remarkably improved.
- FIG. 6 is a view showing an apparatus for measuring the internal resistance of the electrodes manufactured in Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 of the present invention.
- a negative electrode active material silicon
- binder resin polyimide solution
- electrically conductive material silicon
- solvent solvent
- a composite material applied to a copper foil current collector in preparation of negative electrodes in Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention.
- the binder resin for an electrode of the lithium secondary battery in the present invention contains a solvent-soluble polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula (I).
- Z is an aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue
- Ar is a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue. Or a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue.
- the characteristic of the polyimide contained in the binder resin for an electrode of the present invention is that it has at least one of the following structures (1) and (2).
- a structure having both a repeating unit in which Ar in the general formula [I] is a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and a repeating unit in which Ar is an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue (2 )
- the polyimide structures (1) and (2) improve the adhesion between the active material, the current collector, and the conductive material, and provide a rigid structure that provides toughness, and can follow changes in volume during charge and discharge. Because of having a flexible part, the binding force between the active material particles or between the active material particles and the metal current collector is remarkably improved, and the specific capacity, charge / discharge efficiency and charge / discharge cycle characteristics of the battery are improved. be able to.
- the aromatic ring portion having a carboxyl group is a rigid structure portion, and the aromatic ether bond portion is a flexible portion.
- the carboxyl group is preferable in terms of excellent adhesive strength, resin stability, and moisture resistance as compared with other polar groups such as a hydroxyl group and an amino group.
- the phenyl indan structure is a rigid structure portion that improves adhesion and imparts toughness, but the indan structure itself shown below has some flexibility.
- the polyimide having the structure (2) may be a homopolymer as long as Ar in the general formula [I] includes a repeating unit which is a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue, or It may be a block copolymer with a repeating unit containing a flexible structure, preferably an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue.
- a polyimide containing a phenylindane structure is particularly preferable because of its excellent adhesive strength with copper, aluminum, silicon, titanium and the like.
- the polyimide having the above structure (1) is preferably a block copolymer having a repeating unit represented by the following general formula [II] and a repeating unit represented by the following general formula [III].
- Z 1 is an aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue, and Ar 1 is a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue
- Solvent-soluble polyimide having a repeating unit represented by the above general formula (I) dehydrates aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine and aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine. It can be obtained by a condensation reaction or by a dehydration condensation reaction of an aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine.
- Examples of the carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine (Ar 1 component) include 1,3-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,4-diaminophenylacetic acid, 2,5-diaminoterephthalic acid, 3,5- Examples include diaminoparatoluic acid, 3,5-diamino-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 1,4-diamino-2-naphthalenecarboxylic acid, 3,3′-dicarboxy-4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, and the like. Among these, monocarboxyl group-containing aromatic diamines having one carboxyl group are preferable.
- aromatic diamine-containing aromatic diamine examples include 2,2-bis [4- (aminophenoxy) phenyl] propane, 1,1-bis [4- (4-aminophenoxy) phenyl] cyclohexane, 1,3-bis (3-aminophenoxy) benzene, 1,3-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene, 3- (3 ′-(3 ′′ -aminophenoxy) phenyl) amino-1- (3 ′-( 3 ′′ -aminophenoxy) phenoxy) benzene, 1,4-bis (4-aminophenoxy) benzene and the like.
- Aromatic diamines are preferred.
- the carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine component (Ar 1 component) constituting the block copolymer having the structure (1) is preferably 25 to 60 mol%, more preferably 27 to 50 mol% of the total aromatic diamine component. .
- the carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine component (Ar 1 component) is less than 25 mol%, the adhesive strength between the active material, the conductive material and the current collector is low, and when it exceeds 60 mol%, the flexibility of the binder resin layer decreases. Tend to.
- the reaction ratio is preferably 1: 0.6 to 3.0, more preferably 1: 0.8 to 2.7, and still more preferably 1: 1 to 2.5.
- the sum total of (Ar 1 component) and (Ar 2 component) is 100 mol%.
- the repeating unit represented by the following general formula [III] A block copolymer containing a repeating unit represented by the following general formula [IV] is preferable.
- Z 3 is an aromatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue, and Ar 3 is a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue
- the phenylindane structure is a structure in which a phenyl group which may have a substituent is substituted on the following indane skeleton, and the substituent includes a halogen atom or a carbon number of 1 to 5, preferably 1 to 3 alkyl groups.
- a diamine residue having a structure in which a phenyl group which may have a substituent at the 1-position or 2-position of the following indan skeleton is substituted Among these, a diamine residue represented by the following general formula [V] is preferable.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamines include 5-amino-1- (4′-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethylindane, 6-amino-1- (4′-aminophenyl) ) -1,3,3-trimethylindane, 5-amino-6-methyl-1- (3′-amino-4′-methylphenyl) -1,3,3-trimethylindane, 5-amino-1- ( 4'-amino-Ph ', Ph'-dichloro-phenyl) -Ph, Ph-dichloro-1,3,3-trimethylindane, 6-amino-1- (4'-amino-Ph', Ph'-dichloro -Phenyl) -Ph, Ph-dichloro-1,3,3-trimethylindane, 4-amino-6-methyl-1- (3'-amino-4'-methyl-phenyl) -1,3,3-trimethyl Indan, Ph
- the phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine component (Ar 3 component) constituting the block copolymerized polyimide having the structure (2) (phenylindane structure) is 25 to 90 mol%, more preferably 27 to 27% of the total aromatic diamine component. It is preferable that it is 70 mol%.
- the phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine component (Ar 3 component) is less than 25 mol%, the adhesive strength between the active material, the conductive material and the current collector tends to be low.
- the molar ratio of the phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine component (Ar 3 component) and the aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine component (Ar 2 component) in the block copolymer is 1: 0.10 to 3.0, preferably 1: 0.13 to 2.8, more preferably 1: 0.15 to 2.5. Especially, it is preferable that the sum total of (Ar 3 component) and (Ar 2 component) is 100 mol%.
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride for introducing the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue represented by Z and Z 1 to Z 3 in the general formulas [I] to [IV] into the polyimide,
- aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue represented by Z and Z 1 to Z 3 in the general formulas [I] to [IV] into the polyimide Although there is no particular limitation, pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,4,3 ′, 4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,4,3 ′, 4′-diphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, bis -(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dianhydride, 2,2-bis- (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, 4,4′-oxydiphthalic acid dianhydride, etc. .
- alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride for introducing an alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride residue represented by Z or Z 1 to Z 3 into polyimide, bicyclo [2.2.2 ] Oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, norbornane-2-spiro- ⁇ -cycloalkanone- ⁇ '-spiro-2 ′′ -norbornane-5,5 ′′ , 6,6 ′′ -tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2 , 4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 3,5,6-tricarboxynorbornane-2-acetic acid dianhydride,
- the method for synthesizing the solvent-soluble polyimide may be a known method, and is not particularly limited, but the presence of a catalyst and a dehydrating agent in an organic polar solvent using substantially the same amount of the above-described tetracarboxylic dianhydride and aromatic diamine. Then, a solvent-soluble polyimide can be synthesized by reacting at 160 to 200 ° C. for several hours.
- organic polar solvent examples include N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N′-dimethylacetamide, N, N′-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-oxide, etc. Is used.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- ⁇ -butyrolactone N, N′-dimethylacetamide, N, N′-dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethylurea, tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-oxide, etc. Is used.
- the water produced by the imidization reaction is removed by azeotropic distillation with a dehydrating agent such as toluene, xylene, tetrahydronaphthalene or the like.
- a dehydrating agent such as toluene, xylene, tetrahydr
- a random copolymer can be obtained by simultaneously mixing several tetracarboxylic dianhydrides and an aromatic diamine, followed by a condensation reaction. This random polymer is preferred. It is preferable to use the block copolymer as described above rather than the random copolymer because there are disadvantages that depend on the characteristics that are not present.
- the block copolymer can be produced, for example, by a two-stage sequential addition reaction.
- a polyimide oligomer is synthesized from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and an aromatic diamine, and then in the second stage, further tetra Carboxylic dianhydride and / or aromatic diamine may be added and polycondensed to obtain a block copolymerized polyimide.
- solvent soluble in the present invention is a term used for an organic polar solvent used in the synthesis of polyimide and a solvent used in a composite material described later, and is a polyimide that dissolves 5 g or more in 100 g of a solvent. It means that there is.
- the synthesized polyimide can be used as a binder resin in a solution in which the solid content is, for example, 10 to 30% by weight in the organic polar solvent or a solvent used for a composite material described later.
- the proper weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the solvent-soluble polyimide is preferably 20,000 to 100,000, and the proper viscosity is preferably 2 to 10 Pa ⁇ s when the solid content is 20 to 40% by weight.
- solvent-soluble polyimides are commercially available, and as a particularly suitable commercially available product, Q-VR-X1413 (containing a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and an aromatic ether bond) is available.
- Block copolymerized polyimide containing an aromatic diamine residue Q-VR-X1415 (polyimide containing a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue), and the like.
- a solvent-soluble polyimide having a viscosity and molecular weight in the above-mentioned proper range and being completely imidized as a binder resin for an electrode By using a solvent-soluble polyimide having a viscosity and molecular weight in the above-mentioned proper range and being completely imidized as a binder resin for an electrode, a composite material containing an active material, a conductive material and a binder resin can be obtained on both sides of the current collector. The process of coating on the top becomes easy and the electrode manufacturability becomes easy. Specifically, there is an advantage that the film thickness uniformity of the electrode layer applied to the current collector is excellent and voids are hardly generated.
- the binder resin of the present invention is a completely imidized polyimide, it does not require heat treatment at a high temperature for imidization after the composite material is applied to the current collector. Therefore, the binder resin of the present invention is superior in electrode manufacturability compared to polyamic acid (polyimide precursor) that requires heat treatment at high temperature (300 ° C. or higher) for imidization after applying the composite material to the current collector.
- an electrode of a lithium secondary battery can be manufactured.
- a positive electrode using a positive electrode active material having a high potential of 3 V or higher with respect to a redox potential of lithium metal as an electrode active material, and a low potential in the range of 0 to 2.0 V A negative electrode using a negative electrode active material is used.
- the material used for the electrode and the method for forming the electrode layer are not particularly limited, but known materials and methods used in the production of electrodes for lithium secondary batteries can be employed. Specifically, a positive electrode or negative electrode active material, the binder resin of the present invention, a conductive material, and a solvent are mixed using a mixer to prepare a composite material that is uniformly dispersed to form a slurry. It is applied to both sides of a current collector made of copper foil. Next, the solvent is dried, pressure-formed with a roll presser, and cut into a certain width, whereby a positive electrode or a negative electrode of a lithium secondary battery can be produced.
- lithium-containing transition metal oxides or lithium-containing phosphates in powder form are preferable.
- lithium-containing phosphate Li x CoPO 4 (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.3) and Li x FePO 4 (0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.3) lithium-containing transition metal phosphate such as Is preferred.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may be coated on the surface with a metal such as aluminum (Al) or a metal oxide.
- a metal such as aluminum (Al) or a metal oxide.
- sulfides, selenides, halides, and the like may be used.
- the negative electrode active material examples include carbon materials such as artificial graphite, natural graphite, hard carbon, and soft carbon in powder form, silicon-containing materials such as silicon (Si) and silicon alloys, tin (Sn), and lithium titanium oxide ( Although li 4 Ti 5 O 12) 1 two or more mixtures selected from the non-carbon material and the like, but is not particularly limited. Among these, it is preferable to use one or a mixture of two or more selected from the group consisting of powders of silicon-containing substances, graphite, transition metal oxides, etc., or use lithium titanium oxides, particularly silicon-containing substances. Is preferred.
- the binder resin of the present invention can be used in the range of 1 to 30% by weight with respect to the electrode active material as the weight (solid content) of polyimide.
- the amount of binder resin (polyimide) used is preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the positive electrode active material.
- the amount of binder resin (polyimide) used is preferably 1 to 10% by weight based on the active material, and when a non-carbon material is used as the active material for the negative electrode, 3 to 30% by weight is preferred.
- the content of the binder resin can be designed in various ways according to the specific surface area of the active material and the content of the conductive material, and is not limited to the above range.
- the conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it is an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change in the electrochemical element.
- conductive carbon powder such as carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotube, graphene, or the like can be used.
- commercially available conductive materials include acetylene black series (Denka Black (registered trademark), manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) (or Gulf Oil Company (Gulf Oil Company), etc.), Ketjen Black EC A series (made by Armak Company), Vulcan XC-72 (made by Cabot Company), Super P (made by MMM (MMM)), etc. are used, and these are used. can do.
- the solvent used for the composite material together with the active material, the binder resin, and the conductive material is a solvent in which the polyimide contained in the binder resin dissolves, and the organic polar solvent used when synthesizing the polyimide is used. Can do.
- the present invention also provides a lithium secondary battery using the negative electrode and the positive electrode manufactured as described above.
- the lithium secondary battery includes a negative electrode, a positive electrode, a separation membrane, an electrolyte, and an exterior material.
- Examples of the lithium secondary battery include a lithium metal secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a lithium ion polymer secondary battery.
- the separation membrane As the separation membrane (separator), commonly used porous polymer films such as ethylene homopolymer, propylene homopolymer, ethylene / butene copolymer, ethylene / hexene copolymer and ethylene / methacrylate copolymer are used. A porous polymer film produced from a polyolefin polymer such as these can be used alone or by laminating these films. Moreover, although the porous nonwoven fabric used normally, for example, the nonwoven fabric which consists of a high melting glass fiber, a polyethylene terephthalate fiber, etc. can be used, it is not limited to this.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution a solid electrolyte, or a gel electrolyte
- a non-aqueous electrolyte a solution in which a salt represented by the formula: A + B ⁇ is dissolved or dissociated in an organic solvent can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- a + includes an ion composed of an alkali metal cation such as Li + , Na + , K + or a combination thereof
- B ⁇ represents PF 6 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , Cl ⁇ , Br ⁇ , I ⁇ , ClO 4 ⁇ , AsF 6 ⁇ , CH 3 CO 2 ⁇ , CF 3 SO 3 ⁇ , N (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 ⁇ , C (CF 2 SO 2 )
- Examples thereof include a salt containing an anion such as 3 ⁇ or an ion composed of a combination thereof.
- organic solvent used for a non-aqueous electrolyte propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), fluoroethylene carbonate ( An organic solvent composed of a mixture of FEC), dipropyl carbonate (DPC), ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like.
- the exterior material may be in a pouch shape in which a multilayer polymer resin is covered on both sides of an aluminum foil, or in a can shape made of aluminum or steel, but is not limited thereto.
- Synthesis Example 2 The same apparatus as in Synthesis Example 1 was used. 58.84 g (0.2 mol) of 3,4,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 5-amino-1- (4′-aminophenyl) -1,3,3-trimethylindane 26 .38 g (0.1 mol) (phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine; Ar 3 component in the general formula [IV]), valerolactone 1.5 g (0.015 mol), pyridine 2.4 g (0.03 mol) Then, 200 g of NMP and 30 g of toluene were charged and stirred at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere at 200 rpm for 30 minutes, then heated to 180 ° C.
- Synthesis Comparative Example 1 The same apparatus as in Synthesis Example 1 was used. 3,4,3 ′, 4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride 58.84 g (0.2 mol), m-phenylenediamine 10.81 g (0.1 mol), valerolactone 1.5 g (0.015) Mol), 2.4 g (0.03 mol) of pyridine, 200 g of NMP, and 30 g of toluene were stirred at room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere at 200 rpm for 30 minutes, then heated to 180 ° C. and stirred with heating for 1 hour.
- NMP 360 g and toluene 90 g were added, stirred at room temperature for 30 minutes, then heated to 180 ° C., The mixture was heated and stirred for 1 hour. After removing 45 ml of the water-toluene azeotrope, the reaction was terminated by heating and stirring at 180 ° C. for 2 hours and 30 minutes while removing the reflux from the system. NMP was added to the obtained product for dilution to obtain a block copolymerized polyimide solution having a solid content of 20% by weight.
- Example 1 100 g of silicon powder having an average particle diameter of 0.2 ⁇ m as the negative electrode active material, 100 g of the polyimide solution produced in Synthesis Example 1 as the binder resin (polyimide solid content: 20 g), 10 g of carbon black as the conductive material, and 100 g of NMP as the solvent were used in the mixer. The slurry (mixed material) added and uniformly dispersed and mixed was produced. The obtained composite material was applied to a copper foil current collector with a thickness of 10 ⁇ m at an area density of 3.5 mg / cm 2 , dried with NMP solvent, and then rolled with a roll presser to reduce 10% of the initial thickness. A negative electrode was produced.
- Example 2 In Example 1, a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 g of the polyimide solution produced in Synthesis Example 2 (polyimide solid content: 20 g) was used as the binder resin.
- Example 3 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mass of the polyimide solution used in Example 1 was 75 g (polyimide solid content: 15 g).
- Example 4 A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the mass of the polyimide solution used in Example 1 was 50 g (polyimide solid content: 10 g).
- Example 5 In Example 1, as a binder resin, 100 g of Q-VR-X1413 (block copolymer polyimide solution containing a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue) manufactured by PI Engineering Laboratory Co., Ltd. A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that (polyimide solid content: 20 g) was used.
- Q-VR-X1413 block copolymer polyimide solution containing a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue
- Example 6 In Example 1, except that 57 g (polyimide solid content: 20 g) of Q-VR-X1415 (polyimide solution containing a phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue) manufactured by PI Engineering Laboratory Co., Ltd. was used as the binder resin. A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 instead of the polyimide solution produced in Synthesis Example 1, a polyamide acid having the following structure dissolved in NMP at a concentration of 20% by weight was used as the binder resin, and the NMP solvent was dried. A negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was heat-treated at 350 ° C. for 2 hours and imidized on the current collector.
- Example 2 a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 100 g of the polyimide solution produced in Synthesis Comparative Example 1 (polyimide solid content: 20 g) was used as the binder resin.
- Example 7 100 g of artificial graphite powder having an average particle size of 8 ⁇ m as the negative electrode active material, 10 g of the polyimide solution manufactured in Synthesis Example 1 (polyimide solid content: 2 g) as the binder resin, and 100 g of NMP as the solvent are added to the mixer and dispersed uniformly. A slurry (composite material) mixed with was manufactured. The obtained composite material was applied to a 10 ⁇ m-thick copper foil current collector at an area density of 10 mg / cm 2 , and after drying the NMP solvent, it was rolled with a roll presser to reduce 30% of the initial thickness. A negative electrode was produced.
- Example 7 a negative electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that 20 g of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) dissolved in NMP at a concentration of 10% by weight was added as a binder resin.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 8 100 g of lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide powder (LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 ) having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m as a positive electrode active material, 4 g of carbon black as a conductive material, and 15 g of the polyimide solution produced in Synthesis Example 1 as a binder resin (Polyimide solid content: 3 g), 100 g of NMP as a solvent was added to the mixer to produce a slurry (mixed material) that was uniformly dispersed and mixed.
- LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide powder having an average particle size of 10 ⁇ m as a positive electrode active material, 4 g of carbon black as a conductive material, and 15 g of the polyimide solution produced in Synthesis Example 1 as a binder resin (Polyimide solid content: 3 g)
- the obtained mixture was applied to an aluminum foil current collector with a thickness of 15 ⁇ m at an area density of 20 mg / cm 2 , and after drying the NMP solvent, it was rolled with a roll presser to reduce 40% of the initial thickness.
- a positive electrode was prepared.
- Example 8 a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 8 except that 30 g of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) dissolved in NMP at a concentration of 10% by weight was added as a binder resin.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 9 a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 8, except that lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) powder having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m was used as the positive electrode active material.
- lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ) powder having an average particle size of 5 ⁇ m was used as the positive electrode active material.
- Example 9 a positive electrode was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that 30 g of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF) dissolved in NMP at a concentration of 10% by weight was added as a binder resin.
- PVdF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Q-VR-X1413 Block copolymerized polyimide containing a carboxyl group-containing aromatic diamine residue and an aromatic ether bond-containing aromatic diamine residue
- Q-VR-X1415 polyimide containing phenylindane structure-containing aromatic diamine residue
- the binder resin of the present invention is more effective than PVdF even when the electrode is a graphite negative electrode, a LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 positive electrode and a LiFePO 4 positive electrode. It can be seen that the improvement in binding force is significant.
- Example 10 The silicon negative electrode manufactured in Example 1 was maintained in a vacuum oven at 140 ° C. for 5 hours and dried so that the water content in the electrode was less than 500 ppm, and a 2016 coin cell was manufactured by a normal method. .
- Lithium is used as the counter electrode, 20 ⁇ m thick porous polyethylene film is used as the separator, and ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are used as the electrolyte in a volume ratio.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DEC diethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- Example 11 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Example 2 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 12 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Example 3 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 13 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Example 4 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 14 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Example 5 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 15 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Example 6 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 10 a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Comparative Example 1 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 10 a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the silicon negative electrode manufactured in Comparative Example 2 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 16 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the graphite negative electrode manufactured in Example 7 was used as the negative electrode.
- Example 17 In Example 10, a coin cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the positive electrode (lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide) produced in Example 8 was used as the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide
- Example 18 In Example 10, a coin cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 10 except that the positive electrode (lithium iron phosphate) manufactured in Example 9 was used as the positive electrode.
- the positive electrode lithium iron phosphate
- the negative electrode is charged at a constant current charge rate of 1.0 C at room temperature to a final voltage of 0.05 V, and the discharge is 1.5 V at a constant current discharge rate of 1.0 C at room temperature. Went up.
- charging was performed at a normal charging rate of 1.0 C to a final voltage of 4.2 V, and discharging was performed at a normal temperature of 1.0 C at a discharging rate of 3.0 V.
- the cycle characteristics were calculated by the following equation by repeating charging and discharging under the same conditions, measuring the first discharge capacity and the 50th discharge capacity.
- Cycle characteristics (%) [(50th discharge capacity (mAh)) / (First discharge capacity (mAh))] ⁇ 100
- the specific capacity, charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics of the coin cells produced in Examples 10 to 18 and Comparative Examples 6 and 7 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 3 below.
- the lithium secondary battery provided with the electrode manufactured using the binder resin of the present invention is It can be seen that it exhibits good specific capacity, charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics.
- the electrode binder resin of the present invention By using the electrode binder resin of the present invention to produce an electrode for a lithium secondary battery, the binding force between the active material particles in the composite material or between the active material particles and the current collector is remarkably increased.
- the electrode can be easily manufactured.
- the lithium secondary battery including the electrode manufactured in this way has a high specific capacity and is excellent in charge / discharge efficiency and cycle characteristics. In particular, even when a material containing silicon (silicon) is used as a negative electrode active material, a lithium secondary battery excellent in rapid charge / discharge characteristics, charge / discharge cycle characteristics, active material coverage, charge / discharge efficiency, and safety is provided. It becomes possible.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、NMP溶剤中で芳香族ジアミンと芳香族カルボン酸二無水物との反応により製造したポリアミド酸(ポリイミドの前駆体)と、活物質である黒鉛粉末とを混合してスラリー(合材)を調製し、このスラリーを集電体上に塗布し乾燥させた後、350℃で2時間で熱処理し、集電体上でポリアミド酸をポリイミドに転換して負極を作製する方法が開示されている。
また、本発明は、このバインダ樹脂を含む合材が集電体上に被着されて成るリチウム二次電池用電極、及びこの電極の製造方法、並びに、この電極を備えたリチウム二次電池を提供することにある。
一方、カルボニル基のみを導入したポリイミドの場合には、活物質の上記体積変化への追随には不十分であったが、更に芳香族エーテル結合のような柔軟性部分をポリイミドに導入することにより、電池の諸特性が活物質の上記体積変化にも追随可能となることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
また、本発明は、負極、正極、分離膜、電解質及び外装材を備えたリチウム二次電池において、正極又は負極が、上記本発明の電極であるリチウム二次電池、を提供する。
また、本発明は、芳香族若しくは脂環式のテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物とカルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン及び芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミンを脱水縮合反応させるか、又は、芳香族若しくは脂環式のテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物とフェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミンを脱水縮合反応させることにより、下記一般式[I]で表される繰返し単位を有する溶剤可溶性ポリイミドを製造することを含む、リチウム二次電池の電極用バインダ樹脂の製造方法、を提供する。
また、本発明は、活物質と上記本発明の方法により製造されたバインダ樹脂と導電材を含む合材を集電体上に塗布し、乾燥させることを含む、リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法、を提供する。
また、本発明は、上記本発明の方法により製造された電極を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造する方法、を提供する。
更に、本発明は、上記本発明のバインダ樹脂の、リチウム二次電池の電極用バインダ樹脂としての使用、を提供する。
特に、負極活物質として、リチウムの吸蔵・放出時の体積変化が大きい、ケイ素(シリコン)を含む材料を用いた場合でも、充放電時のバインダ自体の崩壊や、活物質及び集電体とバインダ樹脂との界面における剥離の発生が抑制されるため、急速充放電特性、充放電サイクル特性、活物質被覆性、充放電効率及び安全性に優れるリチウム二次電池を提供することが可能となる。
(1)上記一般式[I]中のArがカルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン残基である繰返し単位と、Arが芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミン残基である繰返し単位の両方を有する構造
(2)上記一般式[I]中のArがフェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミン残基である繰返し単位を有する構造
例えば、構造(1)の場合には、カルボキシル基を有する芳香環部分が剛直構造部分であり、芳香族エーテル結合部分が柔軟性部分である。カルボキシル基は、水酸基、アミノ基等の他の極性基に比べ、接着強度、樹脂安定性及び耐湿性に優れるという点で好ましい。
カルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン(Ar1成分)としては、1,3-ジアミノ安息香酸、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、2,4-ジアミノフェニル酢酸、2,5-ジアミノテレフタル酸、3,5-ジアミノパラトルイル酸、3,5-ジアミノ-2-ナフタリンカルボン酸、1,4-ジアミノ-2-ナフタリンカルボン酸、3,3’-ジカルボキシ-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン等が挙げられる。中でも、カルボキシル基を1個有するモノカルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン類が好ましい。
前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、表面をアルミニウム(Al)などの金属や金属酸化物でコーティングしてもよい。また、前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物の他に、硫化物、セレン化物及びハロゲン化物などを用いてもよい。
合成実施例1
ガラス製のセパラブル三つ口フラスコに、撹拌機、チッ素導入管、及び水分受容器を備えた冷却管を取り付けた。3,4,3’,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物58.84g(0.2モル)、1,3-ジアミノ安息香酸15.21g(0.1モル)(カルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン;一般式[II]におけるAr1成分)、バレロラクトン1.5g(0.015モル)、ピリジン2.4g(0.03モル)、NMP200g、トルエン30gを仕込み、室温で、窒素雰囲気下、200rpmで30分撹拌した後、180℃に昇温して1時間加熱撹拌した。トルエン-水の共沸分15mlを除去し、空冷後、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸ジ無水物46.53g(0.15モル)、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン73.08g(0.25モル)(芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミン;一般式[III]におけるAr2成分)、NMP360g、トルエン90gを加え、室温で30分撹拌した後、180℃に昇温して1時間加熱撹拌した。水-トルエンの共沸分45mlを除去した後、還流物を系外に除きながら、180℃で2時間30分加熱撹拌して反応を終了した。得られた生成物にNMPを加えて希釈し、固形分20重量%のブロック共重合ポリイミド溶液を得た。
合成実施例1と同様の装置を用いた。3,4,3’,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物58.84g(0.2モル)、5-アミノ-1-(4’-アミノフェニル)-1,3,3-トリメチルインダン26.38g(0.1モル)(フェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミン;一般式[IV]におけるAr3成分)、バレロラクトン1.5g(0.015モル)、ピリジン2.4g(0.03モル)、NMP200g、トルエン30gを仕込み、室温で、窒素雰囲気下、200rpmで30分撹拌した後、180℃に昇温して1時間加熱撹拌した。水-トルエンの共沸分15mlを除去し、空冷後、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸ジ無水物46.53g(0.15モル)、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン73.08g(0.25モル)(芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミン;一般式[III]におけるAr2成分)、NMP360g、トルエン90gを加え、室温で30分撹拌した後、180℃に昇温して、1時間加熱撹拌した。水-トルエンの共沸分45mlを除去した後、還流物を系外に除きながら、180℃で2時間30分加熱撹拌して反応を終了した。得られた生成物にNMPを加えて希釈し、固形分20重量%のブロック共重合ポリイミド溶液を得た。
合成実施例1と同様の装置を用いた。3,4,3’,4’-ビフェニルテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物58.84g(0.2モル)、m-フェニレンジアミン10.81g(0.1モル)、バレロラクトン1.5g(0.015モル)、ピリジン2.4g(0.03モル)、NMP200g、トルエン30gを仕込み、室温で、窒素雰囲気下、200rpmで30分撹拌した後、180℃に昇温して1時間加熱撹拌した。水-トルエンの共沸分15mlを除去し、空冷後、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸ジ無水物46.53g(0.15モル)、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン73.08g(0.25モル)(芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミン;一般式[III]におけるAr2成分)、NMP360g、トルエン90gを加え、室温で30分撹拌した後、180℃に昇温して、1時間加熱撹拌した。水-トルエンの共沸分45mlを除去した後、還流物を系外に除きながら、180℃で2時間30分加熱撹拌して反応を終了した。得られた生成物にNMPを加えて希釈し、固形分20重量%のブロック共重合ポリイミド溶液を得た。
実施例1
負極活物質として平均粒径0.2μmのシリコン粉末100g、バインダ樹脂として合成実施例1で製造されたポリイミド溶液100g(ポリイミド固形分:20g)、導電材としてカーボンブラック10g、溶剤としてNMP100gをミキサーに添加し、均一に分散と混合がなされたスラリー(合材)を製造した。得られた合材を10μm厚の銅箔集電体に面積密度3.5mg/cm2で塗布し、NMP溶剤を乾燥させた後、ロールプレッサーで圧延して最初の厚さの10%を減少させた負極を作製した。
実施例1において、バインダ樹脂として合成実施例2で製造されたポリイミド溶液100g(ポリイミド固形分:20g)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
実施例1で使用したポリイミド溶液の質量が75g(ポリイミド固形分:15g)であること以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
実施例1で使用したポリイミド溶液の質量が50g(ポリイミド固形分:10g)であること以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
実施例1において、バインダ樹脂として、株式会社ピーアイ技術研究所製Q-VR-X1413(カルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン残基と芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミン残基を含むブロック共重合ポリイミド溶液)100g(ポリイミド固形分:20g)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
実施例1において、バインダ樹脂として、株式会社ピーアイ技術研究所製Q-VR-X1415(フェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミン残基を含むポリイミド溶液)57g(ポリイミド固形分:20g)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
実施例1において、バインダ樹脂として、合成実施例1で製造されたポリイミド溶液の代わりに、NMPに20重量%の濃度で溶解させた下記構造のポリアミド酸を使用し、NMP溶剤を乾燥させた後、350℃で2時間熱処理して、集電体上でイミド化反応させたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
実施例1において、バインダ樹脂として、合成比較例1で製造されたポリイミド溶液100g(ポリイミド固形分:20g)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
負極活物質として、平均粒径8μmの人造黒鉛粉末100g、バインダ樹脂として、合成実施例1で製造されたポリイミド溶液10g(ポリイミド固形分:2g)、溶剤としてNMP100gをミキサーに添加し、均一に分散と混合がなされたスラリー(合材)を製造した。得られた合材を10μm厚の銅箔集電体に面積密度10mg/cm2で塗布し、NMP溶剤を乾燥させた後、ロールプレッサーで圧延して最初の厚さの30%を減少させた負極を作製した。
実施例7において、バインダ樹脂として、NMPに10重量%濃度で溶解させたポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)20gを添加したこと以外は、実施例7と同様の方法で負極を作製した。
正極活物質として、平均粒径10μmのリチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン酸化物粉末(LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2)100g、導電材としてカーボンブラック4g、バインダ樹脂として合成実施例1で製造されたポリイミド溶液15g(ポリイミド固形分:3g)、溶剤としてNMP100gをミキサーに添加し、均一に分散と混合がなされたスラリー(合材)を製造した。得られた合材を15μm厚さのアルミ箔集電体に面積密度20mg/cm2で塗布し、NMP溶剤を乾燥させた後、ロールプレッサーで圧延して最初の厚さの40%を減少させた正極を作製した。
実施例8において、バインダ樹脂として、NMPに10重量%濃度で溶解させたポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)30gを添加したこと以外は、実施例8と同様の方法で正極を作製した。
実施例8において、正極活物質として平均粒径5μmのリチウムリン酸鉄(LiFePO4)粉末を用いたこと以外は、実施例8と同様の方法で正極を作製した。
実施例9において、バインダ樹脂として、NMPに10重量%濃度で溶解させたポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)30gを添加したこと以外は、実施例9と同様の方法で正極を作製した。
(1)電極の結着力測定
幅20mmの接着テープを電極に貼り付けた後、引張強度機(テストン社(TESTONE Co.,Ltd.(Korea))製、TO-100-1C)を用いてテープと電極間の結着力(gf単位)を測定した。
実施例及び比較例で製造された電極を、直径10mmにパンチングして測定用試料を作製した。図2に示す抵抗測定装置(アジレント・テクノロジー株式会社製、マルチメータ34401A)を準備し、試料を治具(Jig)の中央の挿入口に入れ、80psiの圧力で空圧シリンダーを用いて圧着した。次いで、一定の電流を通して計測機で抵抗(mΩ単位)を測定した。
*2 Q-VR-X1415:フェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミン残基を含むポリイミド
実施例10
実施例1で製造されたシリコン負極を140℃の真空オーブン中に5時間維持し、電極内の水分含量が500ppm未満となるように乾燥させ、通常の方法により2016の大きさのコインセルを製造した。相手電極としてはリチウムを使用し、セパレータとしては、20μm厚の多孔性ポリエチレンフィルムを使用し、電解質としては、エチレンカーボネート(EC)とジエチルカーボネート(DEC)とエチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)が体積比で3:3:4で構成された溶媒に、リチウム塩として1.2M濃度のリチウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(LiPF6)を溶解させた電解液を用いた。
実施例10において、負極として実施例2で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として実施例3で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として実施例4で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として実施例5で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として実施例6で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として比較例1で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として比較例2で製造されたシリコン負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、負極として実施例7で製造された黒鉛負極を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、正極として実施例8で製造された正極(リチウムニッケルコバルトマンガン酸化物)を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
実施例10において、正極として実施例9で製造された正極(リチウムリン酸鉄)を用いたこと以外は、実施例10と同様の方法でコインセルを製造した。
(1)比容量(mAh/g)の測定
負極については、充電は、常温で0.1Cの定電流充電率で終止電圧0.05Vまで行い、放電は、常温で0.1Cの定電流放電率で1.5Vまで行った。正極については、充電は、常温で0.1Cの充電率で終止電圧4.2Vまで行い、放電は、常温で0.1Cの放電率で3.0Vまで行った。比容量は、コインセルの製造時に用いられた電極における活物質量(g)を算出し、測定された放電容量(mAh)をこの活物質量(g)で除することにより求めた。
充放電効率は、前記(1)で測定した最初の充電容量と放電容量を用いて、次式により算出した。
充放電効率(%)=(放電容量(mAh)/充電容量(mAh))×100
負極については、充電は、常温で1.0Cの定電流充電率で終止電圧0.05Vまで行い、放電は、常温で1.0Cの定電流放電率で1.5Vまで行った。正極については、充電は、常温で1.0Cの充電率で終止電圧4.2Vまで行い、放電は、常温で1.0Cの放電率で3.0Vまで行った。サイクル特性は、同様の条件で充電と放電を繰り返し、最初の放電容量と50回目の放電容量を測定して、次式により算出した。
=[(50回目の放電容量(mAh))/(最初の放電容量(mAh))]×100
上記実施例10~18、並びに比較例6及び7で製造したコインセルの比容量、充放電効率及びサイクル特性をそれぞれ測定し、下記表3に結果を示した。
特に、負極活物質として、ケイ素(シリコン)を含む材料を用いた場合でも、急速充放電特性、充放電サイクル特性、活物質被覆性、充放電効率及び安全性に優れるリチウム二次電池を提供することが可能となる。
2 ケーブル
3 シリンダー
4 試料位置
5 治具
6 圧縮空気送入部
Claims (16)
- 前記溶剤可溶性ポリイミドを構成するカルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン成分が、全芳香族ジアミン成分の25~60mol%である請求項2記載の電極用バインダ樹脂。
- 前記溶剤可溶性ポリイミドを構成するフェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミン成分が、全芳香族ジアミン成分の25~90mol%である請求項5記載の電極用バインダ樹脂。
- 活物質と請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載されたバインダ樹脂と導電材が混合された合材が集電体上に被着されて成るリチウム二次電池用電極。
- 前記電極が、活物質として、シリコン含有物質、黒鉛、遷移金属酸化物からなる群から選択された1種または2種以上の混合物を用いた負極である、請求項7記載の電極。
- 前記電極が、活物質としてリチウムチタン酸化物を用いた負極である、請求項7記載の電極。
- 前記電極が、活物質としてリチウム含有遷移金属酸化物又はリチウム含有リン酸塩を用いた正極である、請求項7記載の電極。
- 活物質に対するバインダ樹脂の含量が、ポリイミドの重量(固形分)として1~30重量%である請求項7~10のいずれか1項に記載の電極。
- 負極、正極、分離膜、電解質及び外装材を備えたリチウム二次電池において、正極または負極が、請求項7~11のいずれか1項に記載された電極であるリチウム二次電池。
- 芳香族若しくは脂環式のテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物とカルボキシル基含有芳香族ジアミン及び芳香族エーテル結合含有芳香族ジアミンを反応させるか、又は、芳香族若しくは脂環式のテトラカルボン酸ジ無水物とフェニルインダン構造含有芳香族ジアミンを反応させることにより、下記一般式[I]で表される繰返し単位を有する溶剤可溶性ポリイミドを製造することを含む、リチウム二次電池の電極用バインダ樹脂の製造方法。
- 活物質と請求項13に記載の方法により製造されたバインダ樹脂と導電材を含む合材を集電体上に塗布し、乾燥させることを含む、リチウム二次電池用電極の製造方法。
- 請求項14に記載の方法により製造された電極を用いてリチウム二次電池を製造する方法。
- 請求項1~6に記載のバインダ樹脂の、リチウム二次電池の電極用バインダ樹脂としての使用。
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CN107431207A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
TW201636412A (zh) | 2016-10-16 |
TWI616505B (zh) | 2018-03-01 |
JP6649283B2 (ja) | 2020-02-19 |
US20180034057A1 (en) | 2018-02-01 |
CN107431207B (zh) | 2020-12-08 |
KR102504976B1 (ko) | 2023-03-02 |
KR20170113597A (ko) | 2017-10-12 |
JPWO2016125718A1 (ja) | 2018-04-26 |
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