WO2016167329A1 - 体細胞への分化誘導に適した幹細胞クローンを製造する方法 - Google Patents
体細胞への分化誘導に適した幹細胞クローンを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of, for example, cloning a single cell-derived cell population, that is, cloning stem cells or somatic cells composed of various populations using somatic cell initialization.
- Cloning is an important step in cell line development, and conventionally this cloning has been performed using a limiting dilution method.
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2.
- the cells obtained are not uniform due to differences in copy number, introduction site in the chromosome, and the like. Therefore, it is conceivable to perform cloning by the limiting dilution method, but the limiting dilution method is not always applicable to all cells.
- cells obtained by introducing exogenous genes have a low probability of obtaining desired cells again even if the same method is used.
- cell types that can be operated in this way are limited.
- An object of the present invention is to collect stem cells or somatic cells composed of various populations into a single cell-derived cell population, that is, to clone.
- the present inventors isolated a stem cell in which a gene related to differentiation induction of somatic cells was incorporated into a chromosome from a stem cell colony prepared through one or more dedifferentiations.
- the present inventors have found that it is suitable for inducing differentiation into somatic cells and have completed the present invention.
- a method for producing a stem cell clone (i) introducing a foreign gene related to induction of differentiation into somatic cells into stem cells; (ii) a step of inducing differentiation of the exogenous gene introduced stem cell into the somatic cell, (iii) dedifferentiating differentiation-induced somatic cells, and (iv) isolating a stem cell in which the exogenous gene is incorporated into a chromosome from the stem cell colony formed in the step (iii), Including a method.
- the somatic cells are hematopoietic progenitor cells, megakaryocyte progenitors, erythroblasts, neurons, neural stem cells, neural crest cells, cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle cells, chondrocytes, hepatocytes or melanocytes [A1] Or the method as described in [A2].
- the somatic cell is a megakaryocyte progenitor cell
- the exogenous gene related to differentiation induction is a gene that suppresses the expression of an oncogene including a MYC family gene, a p16 gene including Bmi1 or a p19 gene (polycomb gene) ) And at least one foreign gene selected from the group consisting of apoptosis-suppressing genes including the BCL-XL gene.
- [A6] The method according to any one of [A1] to [A5], wherein the foreign gene associated with differentiation induction is operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter.
- [A7] The method according to any one of [A1] to [A6], wherein the dedifferentiation in step (iii) is performed by introducing an reprogramming factor selected from the group consisting of OCT3 / 4, SOX2 and KLF4.
- [A8] A method for producing somatic cells, A step of inducing differentiation of the stem cell clone produced according to the method of [A1] to [A7] into a somatic cell.
- [A9] A method for producing platelets, A step of inducing differentiation of a stem cell clone produced according to the method of [A1] to [A6] into a megakaryocyte progenitor cell, and a step of allowing the differentiated megakaryocyte progenitor cell to mature into a megakaryocyte cell to release platelets, Including a method.
- [A10] The method according to [A9], wherein the produced platelet is deficient in HLA.
- a method for cloning a somatic cell comprising the following steps, wherein the somatic cell is a somatic cell produced by expressing a foreign gene; (I) a step of introducing a reprogramming factor into a somatic cell in which a foreign gene operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter is incorporated into a chromosome to form a stem cell colony, (Ii) a step of isolating the stem cell colony obtained in the step (i), and (iii) a step of inducing a stem cell contained in the stem cell colony isolated in the step (ii) to a somatic cell.
- the somatic cell is a megakaryocyte progenitor cell
- the foreign gene is at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a MYC family gene, a polycomb gene, and an apoptosis inhibitor gene. Described method; [B3] The method according to [B2], wherein the step (iii) includes the following steps; (A) inducing stem cells contained in the stem cell colonies isolated in step (ii) to hematopoietic progenitor cells, and (b) contacting the hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained in step (a) with a corresponding agent.
- the step of: [B4] The method according to any one of [B1] to [B3], wherein the reprogramming factor is a factor comprising OCT3 / 4, SOX2, and KLF4; [B5] The agent according to any one of [B1] to [B4], wherein the drug-responsive promoter is a promoter having a TRE sequence, and at least the reverse tetR fusion protein is expressed in the cell of the step (iii).
- the method further comprises a step of selecting a stem cell that expresses MEG3 in the stem cell contained in the stem cell colony isolated in the step (ii) in the step (iii) A method according to crab; [B7] The method according to any one of [B1] to [B6], further including a step of deleting HLA in the stem cell contained in the stem cell colony isolated in the step (ii) in the step (iii).
- the somatic cell used in the step (i) is a megakaryocyte progenitor cell, and the megakaryocyte progenitor cell is functionally linked to a drug-responsive promoter, a MYC family gene, a polycomb gene, and apoptosis suppression
- the method according to [B13], wherein the step (iii) includes the following steps; (A) Inducing the pluripotent stem cell deficient in HLA obtained in the step (ii) to hematopoietic progenitor cells, and (B) a drug corresponding to the hematopoietic progenitor cells obtained in the
- the stem cells cloned according to the present invention are superior in cell proliferation ability and the like as compared with the stem cells cloned by the conventional limiting dilution method.
- the secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cell clone prepared according to the present invention is not only superior in cell proliferation ability and maturation ability to megakaryocyte than the conventional one, but the megakaryocyte prepared from the clone is not capable of producing platelets. The ability is also high.
- FIG. 1 shows the number of platelet production (FIG. 1A) derived from 22 megakaryocyte progenitor cell clone candidates obtained by limiting dilution and megakaryocyte progenitor cells (H +) composed of various original populations. It is a graph which shows the fluorescence intensity (FIG. 1B) which substitutes for the number of GPIIb / IIIa complex formed by PMA stimulation of the said platelet.
- FIG. 2 shows platelet production derived from megakaryocyte progenitor cells (H) composed of 5 megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones and the original various populations among the 22 megakaryocyte progenitor cell clone candidates of FIG.
- FIG. 3 shows the number of platelets produced from the five megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones of FIG. 2 and the original megakaryocyte progenitor cell (H) (FIG. 3A) and the GPIIb / IIIa complex formed by PMA stimulation of the platelets. It is a graph which shows the result of having measured again the fluorescence intensity (FIG. 3B) which substitutes for the number of bodies.
- FIG. 4A shows a schematic diagram of producing megakaryocyte progenitor cells, cloning by reprogramming, and producing secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cells from secondary iPS cells.
- FIG. 4B is a graph showing the copy number per cell of c-MYC or BMI1 contained in the chromosome of the secondary iPS cell clone obtained by reprogramming megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of measuring the distribution of cells expressing CD42b and CD41a and the distribution of cells expressing CD235 and CD41a in megakaryocyte progenitor cells derived from each secondary iPS cell clone using a flow cytometer.
- FIG. 4A shows a schematic diagram of producing megakaryocyte progenitor cells, cloning by reprogramming, and producing secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cells from secondary iPS cells.
- FIG. 4B is a graph showing the copy number per cell of c-MYC or
- FIG. 6A shows a schematic diagram of homologous recombination for deleting Exon1 of ⁇ 2-microglobulin.
- FIG. 6B shows the results of PCR for confirming homologous recombination in the secondary iPS cell clone after introduction of Target vector.
- FIG. 7A shows ⁇ 2-microglobulin progenitor cells (imMKCL) derived from secondary iPS cell clones lacking Exon1 of ⁇ 2-microglobulin (left diagram) and platelets produced from the megakaryocyte progenitor cells (right diagram). The distribution of microglobulin and HLA-expressing cells is measured with a flow cytometer.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of homologous recombination for deleting Exon1 of ⁇ 2-microglobulin.
- FIG. 6B shows the results of PCR for confirming homologous recombination in the secondary iPS cell clone after introduction of Target vector.
- FIG. 7A shows ⁇ 2-microglobul
- FIG. 7B shows PMA in platelets produced from megakaryocyte progenitor cells derived from secondary iPS cell clones (HLA ( ⁇ )) or secondary iPS cell clones (HLA (+)) lacking Exon1 of ⁇ 2-microglobulin.
- the fluorescence intensity ratio of PAC1 after stimulation is shown.
- the fluorescence intensity the value of platelets derived from the secondary iPS cell clone (HLA (+)) was 1.
- FIG. 8 shows secondary iPS cell clones that can be induced into megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Good iPS) and secondary iPS cell clones that cannot be induced into megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Bad iPS), or that can be induced into megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
- Hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from secondary iPS cell clones (Good HPC) and hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from secondary iPS cell clones that cannot be induced into megakaryocyte progenitor cells (Bad HPC) were Illumina (Fig. 8A) or Affymetrix (Fig.
- FIGS. 9A and B show the growth curves of secondary iPS cell clone-derived megakaryocyte (Clone 2) and the megakaryocyte progenitor cell line (Parental) before cloning, and the doubling time calculated from the growth curve, respectively (** P ⁇ 0.01).
- FIGS. 10A and 10B show the cell appearance before and after maturation of the secondary iPS cell clone-derived megakaryocyte (Clone 2) and the megakaryocyte precursor cell line (Parental) before cloning, and the size change of each cell, respectively.
- FIG. 11 is a graph comparing the number of Proplatelets that form platelets.
- the method for producing a stem cell clone comprises the following steps: (i) introducing a foreign gene related to induction of differentiation into somatic cells into stem cells; (ii) a step of inducing differentiation of the exogenous gene introduced stem cell into the somatic cell, (iii) dedifferentiating differentiation-induced somatic cells, and (iv) A step of isolating a stem cell in which the foreign gene is incorporated into a chromosome from the stem cell colony formed in the step (iii).
- the isolated stem cell clone is suitable for inducing differentiation into somatic cells as compared to the stem cell before cloning, and has high efficiency of inducing differentiation into somatic cells per cell.
- the method for producing a stem cell clone according to the present invention may comprise the following steps: (I) introducing a reprogramming factor into a somatic cell in which a foreign gene operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter is incorporated into a chromosome to form a stem cell colony, and (ii) in the step (i) A step of isolating the obtained stem cell colony.
- the obtained stem cell clone may be further induced to differentiate into somatic cells.
- Differentiation induction is performed by appropriately selecting a method suitable for inducing differentiation into somatic cells desired by those skilled in the art, and is not particularly limited, but may include the following steps: (Iii) Inducing stem cells contained in the stem cell colonies isolated in step (ii) to somatic cells, wherein cells in any differentiation stage from the stem cells to the somatic cells are contacted with corresponding agents.
- the process including the process to do.
- cloning means cloning of a cell population and means isolation of a cell population having uniform genetic information from a cell population having heterogeneous genetic information.
- somatic cells to be cloned are cells produced by integrating a gene operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter into a chromosome. If it is, it will not specifically limit, For example, a neural cell (WO2014 / 148646, Wapinski OL et al, Cell. 155: 621-635, 2013), a neural stem cell (Han DW et al, Cell Stem Cell. 10: 465- 472, 2012), neural crest cells (Kim YJ, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 15: 497-506, 2014), cardiomyocytes (Ieda M et al, Cell.
- a neural cell WO2014 / 148646, Wapinski OL et al, Cell. 155: 621-635, 2013
- a neural stem cell Han DW et al, Cell Stem Cell. 10: 465- 472, 2012
- neural crest cells Kim YJ, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 15: 497-506,
- megakaryocyte progenitor cells cannot be cloned by the limiting dilution method, and are therefore suitable as somatic cells to be cloned by the method of the present invention.
- Erythroblasts are also preferred as somatic cells in the present invention.
- somatic cells other than these can be obtained as stem cell clones in which a foreign gene related to induction of differentiation into a desired somatic cell is introduced into a chromosome, somatic cells are megakaryocyte progenitor cells. And is not limited to erythroblasts.
- exogenous genes related to induction of differentiation into somatic cells are wide, and mean genes that are introduced into cells when differentiation is induced from stem cells to somatic cells.
- the case where the somatic cell is a megakaryocyte progenitor cell will be described as an example.
- the gene related to differentiation induction suppresses the expression of an oncogene, preferably MYC family gene, more preferably c-Myc; p16 gene or p19 gene It may be at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a gene (polycomb gene), preferably Bmi1; and an apoptosis inhibitor gene, preferably BCL-XL gene.
- the gene related to differentiation induction is an oncogene, preferably a MYC family gene, more preferably c-Myc; an apoptosis-suppressing gene, preferably a BCL-XL gene, It may be at least one gene selected from the group consisting of: A foreign gene related to differentiation induction into somatic cells may be operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter.
- a drug-responsive promoter refers to a promoter that expresses a gene in the presence or absence of a corresponding drug.
- An example of a promoter that expresses a gene in the presence of a corresponding agent is a TRE promoter (a CMV minimal promoter having a Tet response sequence in which tetO sequence is continuous seven times).
- a TRE promoter a CMV minimal promoter having a Tet response sequence in which tetO sequence is continuous seven times.
- a corresponding protein eg, tetracycline or doxycycline is exemplified
- rtetR reverse tetR
- VP16AD reverse tetR fusion protein
- the fusion protein may be expressed at least in the “step from stem cell to secondary somatic cell” described later.
- the reverse tetR fusion protein can be expressed by the addition or removal of the corresponding agent.
- the “megakaryocyte progenitor cell” in the present invention is a cell that becomes a megakaryocyte upon maturation and is not multinucleated, for example, a cell characterized as CD41a positive / CD42a positive / CD42b weak positive. Including.
- the megakaryocyte progenitor cells of the present invention are preferably cells that can be expanded by expansion culture, for example, cells that can be expanded under appropriate conditions for at least 60 days or longer.
- the megakaryocyte progenitor cell may or may not be cloned, and is not particularly limited, but the cloned cell may be referred to as a megakaryocyte progenitor cell line.
- Megakaryocyte progenitor cells in the present invention may be derived from hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- the “megakaryocyte” in the present invention is also referred to as platelet progenitor cell or megakaryocyte, and is a cell that produces platelets by separating its cytoplasm, and may be a multinucleated cell.
- CD41a positive / Includes cells characterized as CD42a positive / CD42b positive.
- megakaryocytes may be characterized as cells expressing GATA1, FOG1, NF-E2, and ⁇ 1-tubulin.
- the multinucleated megakaryocyte refers to a cell or a group of cells having a relatively increased number of nuclei as compared to megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
- the megakaryocyte progenitor cell to which the method of the present invention is applied is 2N, 4N or more cells become multinucleated megakaryocytes.
- the megakaryocyte may be immortalized as a megakaryocyte strain or may be a group of cloned cells.
- hematopoietic progenitor cells are cells that can differentiate into blood cells such as lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils, erythrocytes, megakaryocytes, In the present invention, hematopoietic progenitor cells and hematopoietic stem cells are not distinguished, and show the same cells unless otherwise specified. Hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells can be recognized by, for example, positive surface antigens CD34 and / or CD43.
- hematopoietic stem cells can also be applied to pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic progenitor cells derived from cord blood, bone marrow blood, peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells.
- pluripotent stem cells when pluripotent stem cells are used, hematopoietic progenitor cells are obtained by pluripotent stem cells in the presence of VEGF according to the method described in Takayama N., et al. J Exp Med. 2817-2830 (2010). It can be prepared from a net-like structure (also referred to as ES-sac or iPS-sac) obtained by culturing on C3H10T1 / 2.
- net-like structure also referred to as ES-sac or iPS-sac
- the “net-like structure” is a three-dimensional sac-like structure (with space inside) derived from pluripotent stem cells, which is formed by an endothelial cell population and the like, and contains hematopoietic progenitor cells inside. It is a structure.
- hematopoietic progenitor cells can be induced from pluripotent stem cells by embryoid body formation and cytokine addition (Chadwick et al. Blood 2003, 102: 906-15, Vijayaravavanijet al. Cell Stem Cell 2009, 4: 248-62, Saeki et al. Stem Cells 2009, 27: 59-67) or co-culture with heterologous stromal cells (Niwa A et al. J Cell Physiol. 2009 Nov; 221 (2 ): 367-77.) And the like.
- pluripotent stem cells examples include fertilized eggs, embryonic stem cells (ES cells), artificial pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), and embryonic germ cells (EG cells).
- the megakaryocyte progenitor cell as a somatic cell of the present invention is used to force the hematopoietic progenitor cell to express an oncogene, a gene that suppresses the expression of the p16 gene or the p19 gene (polycomb gene), and / or an apoptosis suppressor gene. It is desirable that it is induced by the culturing step.
- the term “oncogene” refers to a gene that causes canceration of normal cells due to its expression, structure or function being different from that of normal cells.
- MYC family genes MYC family genes, Src family genes , Ras family genes, Raf family genes, protein kinase family genes such as c-Kit, PDGFR, and Abl.
- MYC family genes include c-MYC, N-MYC, and L-MYC.
- the c-MYC gene is, for example, a gene consisting of a nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_002467.
- the c-MYC gene may also include homologues thereof.
- the c-MYC gene homologue is a sequence whose cDNA sequence is substantially the same as the nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_002467, for example. It is a gene consisting of A cDNA consisting of a sequence substantially identical to the nucleic acid sequence shown by NCBI accession number NM_002467 is about 60% or more, preferably about 70%, of the DNA consisting of the sequence shown by NCBI accession number NM_002467.
- stringent conditions are hybridization conditions that are easily determined by those skilled in the art, and are generally empirical experimental conditions that depend on the probe length, washing temperature, and salt concentration. In general, the longer the probe, the higher the temperature for proper annealing, and the shorter the probe, the lower the temperature. Hybridization generally relies on the ability to reanneal in an environment where the complementary strand is slightly below its melting point.
- low stringency conditions include washing in a 0.1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS solution at a temperature of 37 ° C. to 42 ° C. in the filter washing step after hybridization.
- highly stringent conditions include washing in 65 ° C., 5 ⁇ SSC and 0.1% SDS in the washing step.
- c-MYC encoding a protein fused with a destabilizing domain may be used.
- the destabilizing domain can be purchased from ProteoTuner or Clontech.
- BMI1, Id1, Mel18, Ring1a / b, Phc1 / 2/3, Cbx2 / 4/6/7/8, Ezh2, Eed, Suz12 as “a gene that suppresses the expression of p16 gene or p19 gene” , HDAC, Dnmt1 / 3a / 3b, and the like.
- the BMI1 gene is, for example, a gene consisting of a nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_005180.
- the BMI1 gene may also include a homologue thereof.
- the homologue of the BMI1 gene is a gene whose cDNA sequence is substantially the same as the nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_005180, for example. That is.
- the cDNA consisting of a sequence substantially identical to the nucleic acid sequence shown by NCBI accession number NM_005180 is about 60% or more, preferably about 70%, of the DNA consisting of the sequence shown by NCBI accession number NM_005180.
- DNA complementary to the nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_005180 DNA that is capable of hybridizing under stringent conditions, and the protein encoded by the DNA suppresses oncogene-induced cell aging that occurs in cells in which oncogenes such as MYC family genes are expressed, It promotes the amplification of the cells.
- the “apoptosis-suppressing gene” is not particularly limited as long as it is a gene that suppresses apoptosis, and examples thereof include BCL2 gene, BCL-XL gene, Survivin, and MCL1.
- the BCL-XL gene is a gene consisting of a nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_001191 or NM_138578, for example.
- the BCL-XL gene may also include a homologue thereof.
- the homologue of the BCL-XL gene is substantially the same as the nucleic acid sequence represented by the NCBI accession number NM_001191 or NM_138578, for example.
- the cDNA comprising substantially the same sequence as the nucleic acid sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_001191 or NM_138578 is approximately 60% or more, preferably the DNA comprising the sequence represented by NCBI accession number NM_001191 or NM_138578.
- the method for forcibly expressing the gene in hematopoietic progenitor cells is preferably performed by integrating a gene operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter into a chromosome. This can be accomplished by introducing an expression vector containing the ligated gene into hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- vectors for expressing these genes include viral vectors such as retroviruses and lentiviruses, and animal cell expression plasmids (eg, pA1-11, pXT1, pRc / CMV, pRc / RSV, pcDNAI / Neo). obtain.
- Retroviral vectors or lentiviral vectors are preferred vectors in terms of integration into the chromosome.
- the expression vector may contain an enhancer, a poly A addition signal, a selection marker gene, an SV40 replication origin, and the like as desired.
- Useful selection marker genes include, for example, dihydrofolate reductase gene, neomycin resistance gene, puromycin resistance gene and the like.
- the genes may be vertically linked to obtain a polycistronic vector.
- the 2A self-cleaving peptide of foot-and-mouth disease virus see Science, 322, 949-953, 2008, etc.
- IRES Internal ribosome entry site
- the method of introducing an expression vector into a hematopoietic progenitor cell is as follows.
- a viral vector a plasmid containing the nucleic acid is appropriately packaged (eg, Plat-E cell) or a complementary cell line (eg, 293 cell).
- the virus produced in the culture supernatant can be collected and contacted with hematopoietic progenitor cells for infection.
- a plasmid vector in the case of a non-viral vector, can be introduced into a cell using a lipofection method, a liposome method, an electroporation method, a calcium phosphate coprecipitation method, a DEAE dextran method, a microinjection method, a gene gun method, or the like.
- apoptosis-suppressing gene As one aspect of the method for inducing megakaryocyte progenitor cells according to the present invention, forcibly expressing an oncogene, or a gene that suppresses expression of p16 gene or p19 gene in hematopoietic progenitor cells, and then forcibly expressing an apoptosis-suppressing gene You may let them.
- forced expression of apoptosis-suppressing genes can also be achieved by introducing expression vectors, proteins encoded by these genes, or RNAs encoding these genes into hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- the apoptosis-suppressing gene When the apoptosis-suppressing gene is forcibly expressed later, it is not particularly limited, but the oncogene and the gene that suppresses the expression of the p16 gene or the p19 gene can be forcibly expressed for at least 14 days, and then the apoptosis-inhibiting gene can be forcibly expressed. Is desirable.
- a caspase inhibitor may be brought into contact with cells instead of forcing the apoptosis-suppressing gene to be expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- the caspase inhibitor may be a peptidic compound, a non-peptidic compound, or a biological protein. Examples of the peptide compound include the following peptide compounds (1) to (10) which are artificially chemically synthesized.
- anilinoquinazolines (AQZs) -AstraZeneca-Pharmaceuticals (Scott et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 304, 433-440 (2003)), (2) M826-Merck Frosst (Han et al., J. Biol. Chem. 277, 30128-30136 (2002)), (3) M867-Merck Frosst (Methot et al., J.Exp. Med. 199, 199-207 (2004)), (4) Nicotinyl aspartyl ketones- Merck Frosst (Isabel et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 13, 2137-2140 (2003)), etc. Can be illustrated.
- IDN-6556-Idun Pharmaceuticals (Hoglen et al., J.Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 309, 634-640 (2004)), (2) MF-286 and MF-867-Merck Frosst (Los et al., Drug Discov. Today 8, 67-77 (2003)), (3) IDN-5370-Idun Pharmaceuticals (Deckwerth et al., Drug Dev. Res. 52, 579-586 (2001)), (4) IDN-1965-Idun Pharmaceuticals (Hoglen et al., J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.
- VX-799- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Lis et al., Drug Drugs, Today 8 and 67-77 (2003).
- M-920 and M-791-Merck Frosst can also be mentioned as caspase inhibitors.
- a preferred caspase inhibitor is Z-VAD FMK.
- Z-VAD FMK is used as a caspase inhibitor, the addition is performed on the medium in which hematopoietic progenitor cells are cultured.
- Preferred concentrations of Z-VAD FMK in the medium include, for example, 10 ⁇ M or more, 20 ⁇ M or more, 30 ⁇ M or more, 40 ⁇ M or more, and 50 ⁇ M or more, and preferably 30 ⁇ M or more.
- a medium used for inducing megakaryocyte progenitor cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells is not particularly limited, but a medium used for culturing animal cells can be prepared as a basal medium.
- basal media include IMDM medium, MediumMedi199 medium, Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) medium, ⁇ MEM medium, Dulbecco's modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) medium, Ham's F12 medium, RPMI 1640 medium, Fischer Life's medium, Neurosal's medium And a mixed medium thereof.
- the medium may contain serum or may be serum-free.
- the medium can be, for example, albumin, insulin, transferrin, selenium, fatty acids, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol, thiolglycerol, lipids, amino acids, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acids, vitamins, growth factors, small molecules
- One or more substances such as compounds, antibiotics, antioxidants, pyruvate, buffers, inorganic salts, cytokines and the like may also be included.
- Cytokines are proteins that promote blood cell differentiation, and examples include VEGF, TPO, SCF, and the like.
- a preferable medium in the present invention is an IMDM medium containing serum, insulin, transferrin, serine, thiolglycerol, ascorbic acid, and TPO. More preferably, it further contains SCF.
- a drug-responsive promoter it is desirable to include a corresponding drug such as tetracycline or doxycycline in the medium in the forced expression step.
- the temperature condition for inducing megakaryocyte progenitor cells from hematopoietic progenitor cells is not particularly limited, but culturing hematopoietic progenitor cells at a temperature of 37 ° C. or higher promotes differentiation into megakaryocyte progenitor cells. It has been confirmed that Here, the temperature of 37 ° C. or higher is appropriate as a temperature that does not damage cells, and is preferably about 37 ° C. to about 42 ° C., preferably about 37 to about 39 ° C., for example. In addition, the culture period at a temperature of 37 ° C. or higher can be appropriately determined by those skilled in the art while monitoring the number of megakaryocyte progenitor cells and the like.
- the number of days is not particularly limited as long as the desired megakaryocyte progenitor cell is obtained.For example, at least 6 days, 12 days, 18 days, 24 days, 30 days, 42 days, 48 days, 54 days, 54 More than 60 days and more preferably 60 days or more.
- the long culture period is not a problem in the induction of megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
- the somatic cell can be reprogrammed by introducing an reprogramming factor into the somatic cell.
- the reprogramming factor is, for example, Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Sox1, Sox3, Sox15, Sox17, Klf4, Klf2, c-Myc, N-Myc, L-Myc, Nanog, Lin28, Fbx15, ERas, ECAT15 -2, Tcl1, beta-catenin, Lin28b, Sall1, Sall4, Esrrb, Nr5a2, Tbx3 or Glis1, etc. genes or gene products are exemplified, and these reprogramming factors may be used alone or in combination. Also good.
- a more preferred reprogramming factor is a combination comprising Oct3 / 4, Sox2 and Klf4.
- the reprogramming factors include histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors [eg small molecule inhibitors such as valproic acid (VPA), trichostatin A, sodium butyrate, MC ⁇ 1293, M344, siRNA and shRNA against HDAC (eg , Nucleic acid expression inhibitors such as HDAC1 siRNA Smartpool (registered trademark) (Millipore), HuSH 29mer shRNA Constructs against HDAC1 (OriGene), etc.], MEK inhibitors (for example, PD184352, PD98059, U0126, SL327 and PD0325901), Glycogen synthase kinase-3 inhibitors (eg, Bio and CHIR99021), DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (eg, 5-azacytidine), histone methyltransferase inhibitors (eg, small molecule inhibitors such as BIX-01294, Suv39hl, Suv39h2, Nucleic acid expression inhibitors such
- the reprogramming factor may be introduced into a somatic cell by a technique such as lipofection, fusion with a cell membrane-permeable peptide (for example, HIV-derived TAT and polyarginine), or microinjection.
- a cell membrane-permeable peptide for example, HIV-derived TAT and polyarginine
- Virus vectors include retrovirus vectors, lentivirus vectors (cell, 126, pp.663-676, 2006; Cell, 131, pp.861-872, 2007; Science, 318, pp.1917-1920, 2007 ), Adenovirus vectors (Science, 322, 945-949, 2008), adeno-associated virus vectors, Sendai virus vectors (WO 2010/008054) and the like.
- artificial chromosome vectors examples include human artificial chromosomes (HAC), yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC), and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC, PAC).
- HAC human artificial chromosomes
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- BAC bacterial artificial chromosomes
- a plasmid a plasmid for mammalian cells can be used (Science, 322: 949-953, 2008).
- the vector can contain regulatory sequences such as a promoter, enhancer, ribosome binding sequence, terminator, polyadenylation site, etc. so that a nuclear reprogramming substance can be expressed.
- Selective marker sequences such as kanamycin resistance gene, ampicillin resistance gene, puromycin resistance gene, thymidine kinase gene, diphtheria toxin gene, reporter gene sequences such as green fluorescent protein (GFP), ⁇ -glucuronidase (GUS), FLAG, etc.
- GFP green fluorescent protein
- GUS ⁇ -glucuronidase
- FLAG FLAG
- the above vector has a LoxP sequence before and after the introduction of the gene into a somatic cell in order to excise the gene or promoter encoding the reprogramming factor and the gene encoding the reprogramming factor that binds to it. May be.
- RNA When the reprogramming factor is in the form of RNA, it may be introduced into somatic cells by, for example, lipofection or microinjection, and RNA that incorporates 5-methylcytidine and pseudouridinep (TriLink Biotechnologies) to suppress degradation (Warren L, (2010) Cell Stem Cell.7: 618-630) may be used.
- RNA that incorporates 5-methylcytidine and pseudouridinep (TriLink Biotechnologies) to suppress degradation (Warren L, (2010) Cell Stem Cell.7: 618-630) may be used.
- DMEM DMEM / F12 or DME culture solution containing 10 to 15% FBS
- these culture solutions include LIF, penicillin / streptomycin, puromycin, L -Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, etc.
- commercially available culture medium eg, culture medium for mouse ES cell culture (TX-WES culture medium, Thrombo X)
- primate ES cell culture medium primaryate ES / iPS cell culture medium, Reprocell
- serum-free medium mTeSR, Stemcell Technology
- Examples of cell culture methods after initialization include, for example, contacting somatic cells with reprogramming factors on DMEM or DMEM / F12 medium containing 10% FBS in the presence of 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. Cultivate for about 4-7 days, then re-spread the cells on feeder cells (eg, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.), and bFGF-containing primate ES approximately 10 days after contact between the somatic cells and the reprogramming factor
- the cells can be cultured in a culture medium for cell culture, and iPS-like colonies can be formed about 30 to about 45 days or more after the contact.
- 10% FBS-containing DMEM medium including LIF, penicillin / streptomycin, etc.
- feeder cells eg, mitomycin C-treated STO cells, SNL cells, etc.
- 5% CO 2 at 37 ° C. can be suitably included with puromycin, L-glutamine, non-essential amino acids, ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, etc.
- ES-like colonies after about 25 to about 30 days or more .
- somatic cells to be reprogrammed themselves are used (Takahashi K, et al. (2009), PLoS One. 4: e8067 or WO2010 / 137746), or extracellular matrix (eg, Laminin- 5 (WO2009 / 123349) and Matrigel (BD)) are exemplified.
- iPS cells may be established under hypoxic conditions (oxygen concentration of 0.1% or more and 15% or less) (Yoshida Y, et al. (2009), Cell Stem Cell. 5: 237 -241 or WO2010 / 013845).
- the culture medium is exchanged with a fresh culture medium once a day from the second day onward.
- the number of somatic cells used for reprogramming is not limited, but examples include a range of about 5 ⁇ 10 3 to about 5 ⁇ 10 6 cells per 10 cm 2 of culture dish.
- stem cell colonies can be obtained by introducing reprogramming factors into somatic cells and culturing them as described above.
- a stem cell means a cell that has the ability to self-replicate to divide to produce the same cell as itself and the ability to differentiate into another type of cell and can proliferate without limit.
- the stem cells of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as they form colonies, but are pluripotent stem cells having the ability to differentiate into tissue cells other than placenta among the stem cells.
- a colony means a cell mass derived from a single cell.
- the cloning method of the present invention includes a step of isolating the obtained stem cell colony. In isolation, a single colony can be appropriately collected and transferred to another culture dish.
- an exogenous oncogene operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter and an exogenous p16 gene or A gene that suppresses expression of the p19 gene may be included in the chromosome of the megakaryocyte progenitor cell.
- secondary iPS cells obtained by reprogramming the megakaryocyte progenitor cells by the above-mentioned method are similarly exogenous oncogene and exogenous p16 gene operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter.
- the gene which suppresses expression of p19 gene is contained in the chromosome.
- exogenous p16 operably linked to a drug-responsive promoter for a foreign oncogene operably linked to a foreign oncogene in the iPS cell for megakaryocyte progenitor cell induction is preferably 2 to 7 times, more preferably 3 to 5 times.
- exogenous p16 gene or p19 gene operably linked to a drug responsive promoter for a foreign oncogene operably linked to a drug responsive promoter for a foreign oncogene in megakaryocyte progenitor cells The content of the gene that suppresses the expression of is preferably 2 to 7 times, more preferably 3 to 5 times.
- the oncogene and the gene that suppresses the expression of the p16 gene or the p19 gene are appropriately selected as the above-mentioned gene.
- the cloning method of the present invention includes a step of inducing the stem cell obtained by the above method to a secondary somatic cell.
- a secondary somatic cell means a somatic cell obtained by being induced after being initialized from a primary somatic cell to a stem cell.
- the primary somatic cell and the secondary somatic cell are the same. It is a somatic cell.
- This induction step can be performed by expressing the incorporated gene again.
- Re-expression of a gene involves bringing cells in any differentiation stage from stem cells to secondary somatic cells obtained by reprogramming primary somatic cells into contact with the corresponding drug (the gene in the presence of the corresponding drug).
- a promoter that expresses or stop contact of cells in any differentiation stage from stem cells to secondary somatic cells obtained by reprogramming primary somatic cells with corresponding drugs (corresponding drugs).
- corresponding drugs corresponding drugs
- a promoter that expresses a gene by removing when a fusion gene of rtetR and VP16AD (reverse tetR) is used, the gene can be expressed again by administering a corresponding agent.
- a cell at any stage of differentiation from a stem cell to a secondary somatic cell obtained by reprogramming a primary somatic cell refers to any cell that passes until the stem cell differentiates into a secondary somatic cell. it can.
- the stem cells may be induced into other cells before the gene is re-expressed, and examples of the cells after the induction include fibroblasts and hematopoietic progenitor cells.
- Induction to “other cells” can be performed according to a known method.
- megakaryocyte progenitor cells are used as somatic cells, the above-described method for induction into hematopoietic progenitor cells is exemplified.
- induction of hematopoietic progenitor cells from stem cells and administration of the corresponding drug to the medium used to induce megakaryocyte progenitor cells from the above-mentioned hematopoietic progenitor cells suppresses oncogene, p16 gene or p19 gene expression Gene and / or apoptosis inhibitory gene can be forcibly expressed.
- Step of selecting stem cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells when megakaryocyte progenitor cells are used as somatic cells, not all stem cells are necessarily inducible to megakaryocyte progenitor cells. It is preferable to appropriately select stem cells that can be induced into the stem, and examples of the method include a method of selecting stem cells that express MEG3 in the stem cells. In the present invention, stem cell-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells that express MEG3 may be selected.
- MEG3 means, for example, NCBI accession numbers NR_002766, NR_003530, NR_003531, NR_033358, NR_033359, NR_033360, NR_046464, NR_046465, NR_046466, NR_046467, NR_046468, NR_046469, NR_04644, Is a non-coding RNA consisting of the nucleic acid sequence shown in FIG.
- Stem cells to which the method of the present invention is applied are not particularly limited, but may be primary pluripotent stem cells, and more preferably stem cell clones obtained by the above method.
- High expression may mean that expression is higher than the average value in a plurality of stem cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells measured simultaneously, or in known stem cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells that cannot be induced into megakaryocyte progenitor cells. It may mean higher than expression.
- MEG3 expression can be confirmed using methods well known to those skilled in the art.
- reverse transcriptase PCR analysis quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR analysis
- Northern blot analysis immunization Histochemistry
- array analysis and combinations thereof are illustrated.
- the present invention comprises a method for deficient in somatic cell HLA or HLA deficient, comprising the following steps: Providing a method of producing somatic cells; (i) introducing a reprogramming factor into somatic cells to form pluripotent stem cells; (Ii) a step of deficient HLA in the pluripotent stem cells obtained in the step (i), and (iii) induction of pluripotent stem cells deficient in the HLA obtained in the step (ii) into somatic cells. Process.
- the somatic cell used in the method of depleting HLA of the present invention the reprogramming factor used, the method of forming pluripotent stem cells, and the method of inducing pluripotent stem cells into somatic cells are provided for the above-mentioned cloning.
- the same as the somatic cell. Accordingly, the present invention also provides a method for cloning somatic cells and further depleting HLA.
- HLA is a human leukocyte type antigen consisting of ⁇ -chain and L-chain class I antigen, ⁇ -chain encoded by DRB1 gene and class-II antigen and class-III antigen consisting of ⁇ -chain encoded by DRA gene.
- the expressed HLA differs depending on the somatic cell, it can be performed by selecting the HLA to be deleted as appropriate.
- the class I antigen can be selected and deleted as HLA. desirable.
- any of ⁇ chain, L chain, and ⁇ chain may be deleted.
- class I antigen is deleted, it is desirable to delete L chain, that is, ⁇ 2-microglobulin.
- the method for deleting chromosomal HLA in the pluripotent stem cells of the present invention can be performed by appropriately selecting a method known per se, such as a homologous recombination method.
- the method for producing platelets of the present invention comprises the steps of cloning megakaryocyte progenitor cells by the cloning method of the present invention, maturing the cloned megakaryocyte progenitor cells into megakaryocyte cells, and releasing the platelets. Including the step of The step of maturating megakaryocyte progenitor cells and releasing platelets can be performed according to a known method or a method analogous thereto.
- the megakaryocyte progenitor cell contains at least one gene selected from the group consisting of a MYC family gene, a polycomb gene, and an apoptosis-inhibiting gene
- maturation of the megakaryocyte cell corresponds to the above after step (iii)
- it can be carried out by suppressing the expression of the MYC family gene, the polycomb gene and / or the apoptosis-suppressing gene.
- Mature megakaryocyte cells become multinucleated and release platelets.
- Platelets may be combined with ACD-A solution, FFP, sodium citrate, citric acid, glucose, etc. to form platelet preparations, or combined with red blood cells to form blood preparations.
- platelets deficient in HLA can be obtained by maturating the clone and releasing platelets. Platelets deficient in HLA are useful because they can be used for transfusion regardless of the recipient's HLA type.
- the present invention prepares stem cells by initializing megakaryocyte progenitor cells, and further converts them into megakaryocyte progenitor cells, thereby providing the megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
- the method for improving the proliferative ability of megakaryocyte progenitor cells of the present invention comprises the following steps; (I) introducing a reprogramming factor into a megakaryocyte progenitor cell having an exogenous gene expressed in drug responsiveness to form a stem cell colony; (Ii) a step of isolating the stem cell colony obtained in the step (i), and (iii) a step of inducing stem cells contained in the stem cell colony isolated in the step (ii) to megakaryocyte progenitor cells.
- a step wherein the induction into the somatic cell comprises a step of contacting with a corresponding agent.
- improving the proliferation ability means that the telomere sequence in the chromosome becomes longer.
- the telomere sequence means a TTAGGG repeat sequence
- the longer telomere sequence means that the number of repeats increases.
- iPS cells Semi-confluent iPS cells maintained in 6 cm dishes seeded with MEF at 3 ⁇ 10 5 cells / dish (SeV2: neonate human fibroblast according to the method of WO2010 / 134526 by c-MYC , OCT3 / 4, prepared by introducing SOX2 and KLF4), hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) were induced via iPS-sac. Specifically, iPS cells were released using a human trypsin solution, and about 1/50 to 1/30 of the cells were collected as colony clumps on C3H10T1 / 2 (available from RIKEN) treated with mitomycin C (MMC). Sowing.
- HPC hematopoietic progenitor cells
- the MMC-treated C3H10T1 / 2 was prepared by seeding 10 cm dish at 8 ⁇ 10 5 cells / dish the day before iPS cell seeding. After seeding, culture was started in Eagel's Basal Medium (EBM) supplemented with 20 ng / ml VEGF in an atmosphere of 5% O 2 , 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. (day 0). On Day 3 and Day 6, the medium was changed with the same medium.
- EBM Eagel's Basal Medium
- HPC hematopoietic progenitor cells
- the collected HPC was seeded at 3 ⁇ 10 4 to 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well on MMC-treated C3H10T1 / 2.
- the medium used was EBM supplemented with SCF 50 ng / ml, TPO 50 ng / ml, and doxycycline 0.5 ⁇ g / ml.
- c-MYC and BMI1 were introduced into HPC with a lentiviral vector.
- the lentiviral vector used was an inducible vector controlled by Tetracycline and was prepared by recombining the mOKS cassette of LV-TRE-mOKS-Ubc-tTA-I2G with c-MYC or BMI1 (respectively LV-TRE-c -MYC-xL-Ubc-tTA-I2G or LV-TRE-BMI1-Ubc-tTA-I2G) (Nakamura S, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 14: 535-548, 2014).
- the virus particles used for the infection were prepared by infecting 293T cells with the lentiviral vector (MOI 300). Protamine was added only at the time of infection. Thereafter, the medium was changed every other day, and C3H10T1 / 2 and the medium were changed once or twice a week.
- BCL-xl was introduced at a MOI of 10 using a lentiviral vector.
- the lentiviral vector used for the introduction of BCL-xl is an inducible vector that is controlled by Tetracycline and was prepared by recombining the mOKS cassette with BCL-xl as described above (LV-TRE-BCL-xL-Ubc- tTA-I2G) (Nakamura S, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 14: 535-548, 2014). Protamine was added only at the time of infection.
- IMDM Iscove's modified Dulbecco's medium
- Each megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones obtained by the above method were washed twice with PBS, and plated at 4 x 10 5 / 3mL into 6-well plate, 50 ng / mL human SCF, 50 ng / mL human Cultured in IMDM containing TPO, 750 nM SR1 (Calbiochem), 15% FBS. Seven days later, the culture supernatant was collected, and the platelet production number and platelet function were evaluated. Evaluation of the number of platelet production was performed as follows.
- CD41, CD42b, activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb / IIIa (PAC-1; BD Biosciences) and fluorescent dye-binding antibody and 0.4 mM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (Sigma-Aldrich) After addition and incubation for 30 minutes, analysis using FACSVerseO. In the analysis, the expression level of activated GP IIb / IIIa was measured by fluorescence intensity (MFI) and used for evaluation.
- MFI fluorescence intensity
- the platelet production and platelet function of 22 megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones were evaluated by the above method. As a result, clones 1, 4 and 13 were compared with 1.6 to 1.9 times the control (meganucleus before cloning). It was confirmed that the amount of platelet production was higher than that of sphere progenitor cells (FIG. 1A). In terms of platelet function, clone 13 had the highest activity and was shown to respond better to PMA stimulation compared to the control (FIG. 1B).
- the megakaryocyte progenitor cells obtained by the above-mentioned method are prepared by reprogramming iPS cells (secondary iPS cells), cloned in secondary iPS cells, and then again megakaryocytes They were induced and cloned into sphere progenitor cells (secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cells) (FIG. 4A).
- the details are as follows.
- Genomic DNA was extracted from the 10 secondary iPS cell clones obtained by the method described above, and quantified using a primer capable of PCR reaction with c-MYC and BMI1 in exon. PCR was performed. As a result, the number of exogenous c-MYC and BMI1 insertions other than the endogenous 2 copies was examined. The number of exogenous BMI1 insertions in 10 secondary iPS cell clones was approximately 7 to 26 copies. Yes, the number of exogenous c-MYC inserted was all different from about 1 to 6 copies (FIG. 4B).
- Genomic DNA was extracted from 10 secondary iPS cell clones obtained by the method described above (partially different clones were used), whole genome sequence analysis was performed, and exogenous c-MYC and BMI1 were inserted. When the number was examined, it was confirmed that it was inserted into the chromosome at the ratio shown in Table 1 below.
- the secondary iPS cell clone was confirmed to contain about 3 to 5 times the number of BMI1 insertions relative to the number of c-MYC insertions.
- HLA-deficient (HLA-null) secondary iPS cell clone The target vector shown in FIG. 6A is introduced into the secondary iPS cell clone (# 11) obtained by the above-described method, and ⁇ 2-Microglobulin is obtained by homologous recombination. Exon1 of ( ⁇ 2m) was deleted. Whether or not homologous recombination was appropriately performed was confirmed by confirming the PCR product using the primers designed at the positions shown in FIG. 6A in the wild type and the recombinant type (FIG. 6B). As a result, ⁇ 2m-deficient secondary iPS cell clones were established in two clones (Clone 3 and 4).
- ⁇ 2m-deficient secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones were induced by the method described above.
- platelets were obtained from the culture supernatant by the above method.
- ⁇ 2m-deficient secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones and platelets were subjected to flow cytometry using antibodies against ⁇ 2m (BD Pharmingen) and HLA (BD Pharmingen). (Fig. 7A).
- iPS cell markers suitable for the induction of megakaryocyte progenitor cells Two types of secondary iPS cells (hereinafter referred to as Good-iPSC) that were able to establish imMKCL obtained by the above-mentioned method, and the above-mentioned In the method, mRNA was extracted from two types of iPS cells (hereinafter referred to as Bad-iPSC) for which imMKCL could not be established, and Illumina HumanHT-12 v4.0 or Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene was extracted according to the manufacturer's manual. 2.0 Microarray was performed using ST Array, and the expression levels of each of two types of Good-iPSC and Bad-iPSC were averaged and analyzed (FIGS. 8A and B).
- HPC hematopoietic progenitor cells
- HPC clones obtained after 14 days from 2nd-iPS_11 via iPS-sac by the method described above were seeded into 6-wells at 1 ⁇ 10 5 cells / well, and SCF 50 ng / ml, TPO 50 Secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones were obtained by culturing in EBM supplemented with ng / ml and doxycycline 0.5 ⁇ g / ml for 27 days (Clone 2).
- a megakary progenitor cell (Parental) before cloning prepared in the section “Manufacture of megakary progenitor cells” was used.
- a secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cell clone (Clone 2) cultured for 15 days was further treated with megakaryocyte maturation conditions (50 ppm / ml TPO and 50 ng / ml TPO in EBM). Then, the cells were further cultured with SR-1 (StemRegenin1) (Selleckchem) 750 nM and Y27632 (wako) 10 microM. Meganuclear progenitor cells (Parental) were also matured into megakaryocytes under the same culture conditions as the secondary megakaryocyte progenitor cell clones.
- FIG. 10A shows an image taken by time-lapse imaging of both cells
- FIG. 10B shows the result of analyzing the obtained image by ImageJ. From these results, the megakaryocytes cloned according to the present invention showed superior maturation ability (cell hypertrophy) than megakaryocytes derived from the original cells.
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Abstract
Description
[A1]幹細胞クローンを製造する方法であって、
(i) 体細胞への分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子を幹細胞に導入する工程、
(ii) 前記外来性遺伝子が導入された幹細胞を前記体細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
(iii) 分化誘導された体細胞を脱分化する工程、および
(iv) 工程(iii)で形成された幹細胞コロニーから、染色体に前記外来性遺伝子が組み込まれた幹細胞を単離する工程、
を含む、方法。
[A2]単離された幹細胞クローンの体細胞への分化誘導効率が、クローン化前の幹細胞と比較して高い、[A1]に記載の方法。
[A3]前記体細胞が造血前駆細胞、巨核前駆細胞、赤芽球、神経細胞、神経幹細胞、神経冠細胞、心筋細胞、骨格筋細胞、軟骨細胞、肝細胞又はメラニン細胞である、[A1]又は[A2]に記載の方法。
[A4]前記体細胞が巨核球前駆細胞であり、前記分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子が、MYCファミリー遺伝子を含む癌遺伝子、Bmi1を含むp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子(ポリコーム遺伝子)およびBCL-XL遺伝子を含むアポトーシス抑制遺伝子から成る群より選択される少なくとも一つの外来性遺伝子である、[A3]に記載の方法。
[A5]MEG3を発現する幹細胞が単離される、[A1]~[A4]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[A6]前記分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子が薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結されている、[A1]~[A5]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[A7]工程(iii)の脱分化がOCT3/4、SOX2およびKLF4から成る群から選択される初期化因子の導入により実施される、[A1]~[A6]のいずれかに記載の方法。
[A8]体細胞を製造する方法であって、
[A1]~[A7]に記載の方法に従い製造された幹細胞クローンを体細胞へ分化誘導する工程、を含む、方法。
[A9]血小板を製造する方法であって、
[A1]~[A6]に記載の方法に従い製造された幹細胞クローンを巨核前駆細胞へ分化誘導する工程、および
分化誘導された巨核球前駆細胞を巨核球細胞に成熟させ、血小板を放出させる工程、
を含む、方法。
[A10]
製造される血小板がHLAを欠損している、[A9]に記載の方法。
(i)薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性遺伝子が染色体へ組み込まれた体細胞へ初期化因子を導入し、幹細胞コロニーを形成させる工程、
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた幹細胞コロニーを単離する工程、および
(iii)前記工程(ii)で単離された幹細胞コロニーに含まれる幹細胞を体細胞へ誘導する工程であって、当該幹細胞から当該体細胞へのいずれかの分化段階の細胞を対応する薬剤と接触する工程を含む、工程;
[B2]前記体細胞が、巨核球前駆細胞であって、前記外来性遺伝子が、MYCファミリー遺伝子、ポリコーム遺伝子およびアポトーシス抑制遺伝子から成る群より選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子である、[B1]に記載の方法;
[B3]前記工程(iii)が、次の工程を含む、[B2]に記載の方法;
(a)前記工程(ii)で単離された幹細胞コロニーに含まれる幹細胞を造血前駆細胞へ誘導する工程、および
(b)前記工程(a)で得られた造血前駆細胞を対応する薬剤と接触する工程;
[B4]前記初期化因子が、OCT3/4、SOX2およびKLF4を含む因子である、[B1]から[B3]のいずれかに記載の方法;
[B5]前記薬剤応答性プロモーターが、TRE配列を有するプロモーターであり、少なくとも前記工程(iii)の細胞において、さらにreverse tetR融合タンパク質を発現させる、[B1]から[B4]のいずれかに記載の方法;
[B6]前記工程(iii)において、前記工程(ii)で単離された幹細胞コロニーに含まれる幹細胞において、MEG3を発現する幹細胞を選択する工程をさらに含む、[B2]から[B5]のいずれかに記載の方法;
[B7]前記工程(iii)において、前記工程(ii)で単離された幹細胞コロニーに含まれる幹細胞において、HLAを欠損させる工程をさらに含む、[B1]から[B6]のいずれかに記載の方法;
[B8]前記HLAが、クラスI抗原である、[B7]に記載の方法;
[B9]前記クラスI抗原が、β2-ミクログロブリンである、[B8]に記載の方法;
[B10]次の工程を含む、血小板の製造方法:
[B2]から[B9]のいずれか1項に記載の方法で巨核球前駆細胞をクローン化する工程、および
クローン化された巨核球前駆細胞を巨核球細胞に成熟させ、血小板を放出させる工程;
[B11]次の工程を含む、HLAを欠損させた体細胞を製造する方法;
(i) 体細胞へ初期化因子を導入し、多能性幹細胞を形成させる工程、
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた多能性幹細胞においてHLAを欠損させる工程、および
(iii)前記工程(ii)で得られたHLAを欠損させた多能性幹細胞を体細胞へ誘導する工程;[B12]前記初期化因子が、OCT3/4、SOX2およびKLF4を含む因子である、[B11]に記載の方法;
[B13]前記工程(i)で用いられる体細胞が、巨核球前駆細胞であって、当該巨核球前駆細胞が、薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結されたMYCファミリー遺伝子、ポリコーム遺伝子およびアポトーシス抑制遺伝子から成る群より選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子を染色体へ組み込むことによって製造された巨核球前駆細胞である、[B11]または[B12]に記載の方法;
[B14]前記工程(iii)が、次の工程を含む、[B13]に記載の方法;
(A)前記工程(ii)で得られたHLAを欠損させた多能性幹細胞を造血前駆細胞へ誘導する工程、および
(B)前記工程(A)で得られた造血前駆細胞を対応する薬剤と接触する工程;
[B15]前記HLAが、クラスI抗原である、[B11]から[B14]のいずれかに記載の方法;
[B16]前記クラスI抗原が、β2-ミクログロブリンである、[B15]に記載の方法;
[B17]次の工程を含む、HLAを欠損させた血小板の製造方法:
[B13]から[B16]のいずれかに記載の方法で、HLAを欠損させた巨核球前駆細胞を製造する工程、および
HLAを欠損させた巨核球前駆細胞を巨核球細胞に成熟させ、血小板を放出させる工程;
[B18]外来性の癌遺伝子および外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子を含む、iPS細胞であって、当該外来性の癌遺伝子に対する外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子の含有率が2倍から7倍である、iPS細胞;
[B19]前記癌遺伝子が、c-Mycであり、および前記p16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子がBmi1である、[B18]に記載のiPS細胞;
[B20]外来性の癌遺伝子および外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子を含む、巨核球前駆細胞であって、当該外来性の癌遺伝子に対する外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子の含有率が2倍から7倍である、巨核球前駆細胞;
[B21]前記癌遺伝子が、c-Mycであり、および前記p16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子がBmi1である、[B20]に記載の巨核球前駆細胞;及び
[B22]巨核球前駆細胞の誘導に適した多能性幹細胞または造血前駆細胞を選択する方法であって、MEG3を発現する多能性幹細胞または造血前駆細胞を選択する工程を含む、方法。
(i) 体細胞への分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子を幹細胞に導入する工程、
(ii) 前記外来性遺伝子が導入された幹細胞を前記体細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
(iii) 分化誘導された体細胞を脱分化する工程、および
(iv) 工程(iii)で形成された幹細胞コロニーから、染色体に前記外来性遺伝子が組み込まれた幹細胞を単離する工程。
(i)薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性遺伝子が染色体へ組み込まれた体細胞へ初期化因子を導入し、幹細胞コロニーを形成させる工程、および
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた幹細胞コロニーを単離する工程。
(iii)工程(ii)で単離された幹細胞コロニーに含まれる幹細胞を体細胞へ誘導する工程であって、当該幹細胞から当該体細胞へのいずれかの分化段階の細胞を対応する薬剤と接触する工程を含む、工程。
本発明において、クローン化に供される体細胞(1次体細胞という。)は、薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された遺伝子を染色体へ組み込むことによって製造された細胞であれば、特に限定されないが、例えば、神経細胞(WO2014/148646、Wapinski OL et al, Cell. 155:621-635, 2013)、神経幹細胞(Han DW et al, Cell Stem Cell. 10:465-472, 2012)、神経冠細胞(Kim YJ, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 15:497-506, 2014)、心筋細胞(Ieda M et al, Cell. 142:375-386, 2010)、骨格筋細胞(Tanaka A, et al, PLoS One. 8:e61540, 2013)、軟骨細胞(Outani H, et al, PLoS One. 8:e77365, 2013)、肝細胞(Huang P, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 14:370-384, 2014)、メラニン細胞(Yang R, et al, Nat Commun. 5:5807, 2014)、造血前駆細胞(Batta K, Cell Rep. 9:1871-84, 2014)、赤芽球(Hirose S, et al, Stem Cell Reports. 1:499-508, 2013)および巨核球前駆細胞(Nakamura S, et al, Cell Stem Cell. 14:535-548, 2014)が挙げられる。
(1)Z-Asp-CH2-DCB(分子量454.26)
(2)Boc-Asp(OMe)-FMK(分子量263.3)
(3)Boc-Asp(OBzl)-CMK(分子量355.8)
(4)Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-YVAD-CHO(分子量1990.5)(配列番号1)
(5)Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-DEVD-CHO(分子量2000.4)(配列番号2)
(6)Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEVD-CHO(分子量1998.5)(配列番号3)
(7)Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-IETD-CHO(分子量2000.5)(配列番号4)
(8)Ac-AAVALLPAVLLALLAP-LEHD-CHO(分子量2036.5)(配列番号5)
(9)Z-DEVD-FMK (Z-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-fluoromethylketone)(配列番号6)
(10)Z-VAD FMK
本発明において、体細胞を初期化する方法として、体細胞へ初期化因子を導入することによって行い得る。ここで、初期化因子とは、例えば、Oct3/4、Sox2、Sox1、Sox3、Sox15、Sox17、Klf4、Klf2、c-Myc、N-Myc、L-Myc、Nanog、Lin28、Fbx15、ERas、ECAT15-2、Tcl1、beta-catenin、Lin28b、Sall1、Sall4、Esrrb、Nr5a2、Tbx3またはGlis1等の遺伝子または遺伝子産物が例示され、これらの初期化因子は、単独で用いても良く、組み合わせて用いても良い。初期化因子の組み合わせとしては、WO2007/069666、WO2008/118820、WO2009/007852、WO2009/032194、WO2009/058413、WO2009/057831、WO2009/075119、WO2009/079007、WO2009/091659、WO2009/101084、WO2009/101407、WO2009/102983、WO2009/114949、WO2009/117439、WO2009/126250、WO2009/126251、WO2009/126655、WO2009/157593、WO2010/009015、WO2010/033906、WO2010/033920、WO2010/042800、WO2010/050626、WO 2010/056831、WO2010/068955、WO2010/098419、WO2010/102267、WO 2010/111409、WO2010/111422、WO2010/115050、WO2010/124290、WO2010/147395、WO2010/147612、Huangfu D, et al. (2008), Nat. Biotechnol., 26: 795-797、Shi Y, et al. (2008), Cell Stem Cell, 2: 525-528、Eminli S, et al. (2008), Stem Cells. 26:2467-2474、Huangfu D, et al. (2008), Nat. Biotechnol. 26:1269-1275、Shi Y, et al. (2008), Cell Stem Cell, 3, 568-574、Zhao Y, et al. (2008), Cell Stem Cell, 3:475-479、Marson A, (2008), Cell Stem Cell, 3, 132-135、Feng B, et al. (2009), Nat. Cell Biol. 11:197-203、R.L. Judson et al., (2009), Nat. Biotechnol., 27:459-461、Lyssiotis CA, et al. (2009), Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106:8912-8917、Kim JB, et al. (2009), Nature. 461:649-643、Ichida JK, et al. (2009), Cell Stem Cell. 5:491-503、Heng JC, et al. (2010), Cell Stem Cell. 6:167-74、Han J, et al. (2010), Nature. 463:1096-100、Mali P, et al. (2010), Stem Cells. 28:713-720、Maekawa M, et al. (2011), Nature. 474:225-9.に記載の組み合わせが例示される。より好ましい初期化因子は、Oct3/4、Sox2およびKlf4を含む組み合わせである。
本発明では、上述のとおり体細胞へ初期化因子を導入し、培養することで、幹細胞コロニーを得ることができる。本発明において、幹細胞とは、分裂して自分と同じ細胞を作る自己複製能と、別の種類の細胞に分化する能力を持ち、際限なく増殖できる細胞を意味する。本発明の幹細胞は、コロニーを形成する限り特に限定されないが、幹細胞のうち胎盤を除く組織細胞へ分化する能力を有する多能性幹細胞である。
本発明において、体細胞が巨核球前駆細胞である場合、上述の通り、薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性の癌遺伝子および外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子を巨核球前駆細胞の染色体内に含んでいてもよい。その場合、当該巨核球前駆細胞を上述の方法により初期化することによって得られる2次iPS細胞は、同様に薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性の癌遺伝子および外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子をその染色体内に含む。このとき、巨核球前駆細胞誘導用iPS細胞における外来性の癌遺伝子に対する薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性の癌遺伝子に対する薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子の含有率が、2倍から7倍であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、3倍から5倍である。同様に、巨核球前駆細胞における外来性の癌遺伝子に対する薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性の癌遺伝子に対する薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結された外来性のp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子の含有率が、2倍から7倍であることが好ましく、より好ましくは、3倍から5倍である。なお、癌遺伝子およびp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子は、上述の遺伝子として適宜選択される。
本発明のクローン化方法において、上記の方法で得られた幹細胞を2次体細胞へと誘導する工程を含む。本発明において、2次体細胞とは、1次体細胞から幹細胞へ初期化された後、誘導されて得られる体細胞を意味し、好ましくは、1次体細胞と2次体細胞は、同一の体細胞である。本誘導工程では、組み込まれた遺伝子を再度発現させることによって行い得る。遺伝子の再発現は、1次体細胞の初期化により得られた幹細胞から2次体細胞までのいずれかの分化段階の細胞を対応する薬剤と接触させること(対応する薬剤の存在下で遺伝子を発現するプロモーターの場合)、または、1次体細胞の初期化により得られた幹細胞から2次体細胞までのいずれかの分化段階の細胞と対応する薬剤との接触を中止すること(対応する薬剤を除去すると遺伝子を発現するプロモーターの場合)によって行い得る。例えば、rtetRおよびVP16ADの融合遺伝子(reverse tetR)を用いる場合、対応する薬剤を投与することによって遺伝子を再度発現させることができる。「1次体細胞の初期化により得られた幹細胞から2次体細胞までのいずれかの分化段階の細胞」とは、当該幹細胞が2次体細胞に分化するまでに経るあらゆる細胞とすることができる。したがって、本発明において、遺伝子を再発現する前に、当該幹細胞を他の細胞へと誘導してよく、当該誘導後の細胞として、線維芽細胞、造血前駆細胞などが挙げられる。「他の細胞」への誘導は公知の方法にしたがって行うことができる。体細胞として巨核球前駆細胞を用いる場合、上述した造血前駆細胞への誘導方法が例示される。すなわち、幹細胞から造血前駆細胞を誘導し、上述した造血前駆細胞から巨核球前駆細胞を誘導するために用いる培地へ対応する薬剤を投与することで、癌遺伝子、p16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子、並びに/あるいはアポトーシス抑制遺伝子を強制発現することができる。
本発明において、体細胞として巨核球前駆細胞を用いる場合、必ずしも全ての幹細胞が、巨核球前駆細胞へ誘導可能であるとは限らないことから、巨核球前駆細胞へ誘導可能な幹細胞を適宜選択することが好ましく、当該方法として、幹細胞において、MEG3を発現する幹細胞を選択する方法が例示される。本発明において、MEG3を発現する幹細胞由来の造血前駆細胞を選択しても良い。本発明において、MEG3とは、ヒトの場合、例えば、NCBIのアクセッション番号NR_002766、NR_003530、NR_003531、NR_033358、NR_033359、NR_033360、NR_046464、NR_046465、NR_046466、NR_046467、NR_046468、NR_046469、NR_046470、NR_046471、NR_046472またはNR_046473で示される核酸配列からなるノンコーディングRNAである。本発明の方法を適用する幹細胞は、特に限定されないが、1次多能性幹細胞であっても良く、より好ましくは、上記の方法で得られた幹細胞クローンである。発現が高いとは、同時に測定した複数の幹細胞または造血前駆細胞において、平均値より発現が高いことを意味しても良く、または、巨核球前駆細胞へ誘導できない既知の幹細胞または造血前駆細胞での発現と比較して高いことを意味しても良い。
一実施態様において、本発明は、次の工程を含む、体細胞のHLAを欠損させる方法、又はHLAを欠損させた体細胞を製造する方法を提供する;
(i)体細胞へ初期化因子を導入し、多能性幹細胞を形成させる工程、
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた多能性幹細胞においてHLAを欠損させる工程、および
(iii)前記工程(ii)で得られたHLAを欠損させた多能性幹細胞を体細胞へ誘導する工程。
本発明の血小板の製造方法は、本発明のクローン化方法で巨核球前駆細胞をクローン化する工程と、クローン化された巨核球前駆細胞を巨核球細胞に成熟させ、血小板を放出させる工程を含む。巨核球前駆細胞を成熟させ、血小板を放出させる工程は、公知の方法又はそれに準ずる方法に従って行うことができる。例えば、巨核球前駆細胞が、MYCファミリー遺伝子、ポリコーム遺伝子およびアポトーシス抑制遺伝子から成る群より選択される少なくとも一つの遺伝子を含む場合、巨核球細胞の成熟は、上記工程(iii)の後、対応する薬剤を培地から除去することにより、MYCファミリー遺伝子、ポリコーム遺伝子および/又はアポトーシス抑制遺伝子の発現を抑制することで行うことができる。成熟した巨核球細胞は、多核化し、血小板を放出する。
本発明は、上述の通り、巨核球前駆細胞を初期化により幹細胞を作製し、さらに、巨核球前駆細胞へと変換することによって、当該巨核球前駆細胞の増殖能力を改善する方法を提供する。従って、一実施態様において、本発明の巨核球前駆細胞の増殖能力を改善する方法は、以下の工程を含む;
(i)薬剤応答性に発現する外来性の遺伝子を有する巨核球前駆細胞へ初期化因子を導入し、幹細胞コロニーを形成させる工程、
(ii)前記工程(i)で得られた幹細胞コロニーを単離する工程、および
(iii)前記工程(ii)で単離された幹細胞コロニーに含まれる幹細胞を巨核球前駆細胞へ誘導する工程であって、当該体細胞への誘導が、対応する薬剤と接触する工程を含む方法である、工程。
3x105cells/dishでMEFを播種した6cm dishで維持されているセミコンフルエント状態のiPS細胞(SeV2: neonate human fibroblastへWO2010/134526の方法に従って、センダイウィルスベクターによりc-MYC, OCT3/4, SOX2およびKLF4を導入することによって作製)より、iPS-sacを介して造血前駆細胞(HPC)の誘導を行った。詳細には、iPS細胞をヒトトリプシン溶液を用いて遊離させ、1/50から1/30程度の細胞を、コロニーの塊として、マイトマイシンC(MMC)処理したC3H10T1/2(理研から入手可能)上へ播種した。なお、MMC処理したC3H10T1/2は、iPS細胞を播種する前日に8x105 cells / dishで10cm dishへ播種して用意した。播種後、20 ng / ml VEGFを添加したEagel’s Basal Medium (EBM)中で5% O2、5% CO2、37℃雰囲気下で培養を開始した(day0)。Day3およびday6において、同じ培地で培地交換を行った。
巨核球前駆細胞(imMKCL)を96-well plate上に1.5 cells/300uL/wellの密度で播種し、15% fetal bovine serum (FBS)、50 ng/mL human SCF (R&D systems)、50ng/mL TPO、5 mg/mL doxycycline (Clontech)、2 mg/mL puromycin (Sigma-Aldrich)を含有するIscove's modified Dulbecco's medium (IMDM)中、37°C、5%CO2雰囲気下で 、10から14日間培養した。スケールアップのため、各wellを、それぞれ、24-well plateおよび6-well plateへ移し、同様に培養を継続した。各well中の細胞を巨核球前駆細胞クローンと称する。
上記の方法で得られた各巨核球前駆細胞クローンをPBSを用いて2度洗浄し、4 x 105/3mLで6-well plateへ播種し、50 ng/mL human SCF、50 ng/mL human TPO、750 nM SR1(Calbiochem)、15% FBSを含有するIMDM中で培養した。7日後、培養上清を回収し、血小板産生数および血小板機能を評価した。血小板産生数の評価は次のように行った。すなわち、CD41(BioLegend)、CD42a(eBioscience)およびCD42b(BioLegend)に対する蛍光色素結合抗体およびpropidium iodide(Sigma-Aldrich)を培養上清に添加し、30分間インキュベート後にFACSVerseO(BD Biosciences)を用いて分析した。分析は、大きさで巨核球前駆細胞を排除した後、CD41、CD42aおよびCD42bが陽性であることを指標として計数し、巨核球前駆細胞あたりの血小板数として算出した。血小板機能の評価は次のように行った。すなわち、CD41、CD42b、activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa(PAC-1; BD Biosciences)に対する蛍光色素結合抗体および0.4 mM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) (Sigma-Aldrich )を培養上清に添加し、30分間インキュベート後にFACSVerseO を用いて分析した。分析は、activated GP IIb/IIIaの発現レベルを蛍光強度(MFI)で計測し、評価に用いた。
1回目の解析結果において血小板産生量が多く、血小板機能が高かった5つのクローン(1、2、4、11および13)について、再度同様に解析を行った。血小板産生量は、クローン4のみが、対照に対して1.3倍程度多いことが確認された(図2A)。また、血小板機能としては、クローン13が、対照に対して3.7倍程度多いことが確認されたが、クローン1、2、4および11では、1回目の解析結果とは異なり、対照に対して変化がなかった(図2B)。
2回目の解析結果について、再度同様に解析を行った。血小板産生量は、対照に対して変化がなかった(図3A)。また、血小板機能としては、クローン4および13が、対照に対してそれぞれ1.7倍および1.6倍程度多いことが確認されたが、差異は小さくなった(図3B)。
上述の方法で得られた巨核球前駆細胞を初期化によりiPS細胞を作製し(2次iPS細胞)、2次iPS細胞にてクローン化を行い、再度巨核球前駆細胞へと誘導しクローン化した(2次巨核球前駆細胞)(図4A)。詳細には、以下の通りである。
上述の方法で得られた10個の2次iPS細胞クローンからゲノムDNAを抽出し、c-MYCおよびBMI1に対してexon内でPCR反応可能なprimerを用いて、定量PCRを行った。その結果、内在性の2コピー以外の外来性のc-MYCおよびBMI1の挿入数を検討したところ、10種の2次iPS細胞クローンの外来性のBMI1の挿入数は約7コピーから26コピーであり、外来性のc-MYCの挿入数は約1コピーから6コピーと全て異なっていた(図4B)。
3個の2次iPS細胞クローン(#4、#11および#12)から上述した方法にてiPS-sacを介して14日後にHPCクローンをそれぞれ得た。得られたHPCクローンを1x105 cells / wellで6-wellへ播種し、SCF 50 ng / ml, TPO 50 ng / ml, ドキシサイクリン0.5 μg / mlを添加したEBM中で27日間培養し、2次巨核球前駆細胞クローンを得た。得られた3つの巨核球前駆細胞クローンを解析したところ、CD41aおよびCD41b陽性であり、CD235陰性である均一な細胞群が得られた(図5AおよびB)
上述の方法で得られた2次iPS細胞クローン(#11)へ、図6Aに示したTarget vectorを導入し、相同組換えによりβ2-Microglobulin (β2m)のExon1を欠失させた。相同組換えが適切に行われているかについては、野生型と組換え型において図6Aに示された位置に設計されたプライマーを用いてPCR産物を確認することによって行われた(図6B)。その結果、2つのクローン(Clone 3及び4)においてβ2mの欠損型2次iPS細胞クローンが樹立された。
野生型2次iPS細胞クローン(#11)およびβ2mの欠損型2次巨核球前駆細胞クローンの培養上清中の血小板を上述と同様にPMAで刺激した後、CD42a抗体、CD42b抗体およびPAC1と接触させ、CD42a、CD42bおよびPAC1の陽性レベルを蛍光強度(MFI)で計測し、評価したところ、野生型とβ2mの欠損型において、その違いは見られなかった(図7B)。以上より、β2mを欠損した血小板は、野生型の血小板と機能は変わらないことが示された。
上述の方法で得られたimMKCLを樹立することができた2種の2次iPS細胞(以下、Good-iPSCと言う)および、上述の方法では、imMKCLを樹立することができなかった2種のiPS細胞(以下、Bad-iPSCと言う)より、mRNAを抽出し、製造者マニュアルに従って、Illumina HumanHT-12 v4.0またはAffymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 2.0 ST Arrayを用いてマイクロアレイを行い、各2種のGood-iPSCおよびBad-iPSCの発現量を平均化し、解析を行った(図8AおよびB)。
高発現していることが確認された。従って、2次iPS細胞クローンまたはそれから誘導されたHPCにおいて、MEG3の発現を確認することで、巨核球前駆細胞の誘導に適した2次iPS細胞クローンを選択することができることが示唆された。
本発明によるクローン化の効果を検討するべく、2次iPS細胞クローン由来巨核球前駆細胞の細胞増殖能をクローン化前の巨核前駆細胞株と比較した。本実験においては、2次iPS細胞クローンとして、表1の2nd-iPS_11由来のものを用いた。具体的には、2nd-iPS_11から上述した方法にてiPS-sacを介して14日後に得られたHPCクローンを1x105cells / wellで6-wellへ播種し、SCF 50 ng / ml, TPO 50 ng / ml, ドキシサイクリン0.5 μg / mlを添加したEBM中で27日間培養することにより、2次巨核球前駆細胞クローンを得た(Clone 2)。比較例として、「巨核前駆細胞の製造」の項で調製したクローン化前の巨核前駆細胞(Parental)を使用した。これらの細胞を1x105 cells / wellで6-wellへ播種し、SCF 50 ng / ml, TPO 50 ng / ml, ドキシサイクリン0.5 μg / mlを添加したEBM中で15日間培養した。
15日間培養した2次巨核球前駆細胞クローン(Clone 2)を更に巨核球成熟条件(EBM中に SCF 50 ng / ml, TPO 50 ng / ml を添加し、さらにSR-1 (StemRegenin1)(Selleckchem社製)750 nMとY27632(wako社製) 10 microMを添加した培養条件)で培養した。巨核前駆細胞(Parental)も2次巨核球前駆細胞クローンと同様の培養条件で巨核球に成熟させた。両細胞についてタイムラプスイメージングを行い撮影した画像を図10Aに、そして得られた画像をImageJで解析した結果を図10Bに示す。これらの結果から、本発明に従いクローン化された巨核球の方がクローン元の細胞から誘導された巨核球より優れた成熟能(細胞肥大化)を示した。
続いて、得られた巨核球の血小板産生能を比較するために、図10Aの画像中で血小板を形成した細胞の数を目視で計測した。その結果、本発明に従いクローン化された細胞に由来する巨核球の方が優れた血小板産生能(proplatelet形成数)を示すことが明らかになった(** p<0.01)。
Claims (10)
- 幹細胞クローンを製造する方法であって、
(i) 体細胞への分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子を幹細胞に導入する工程、
(ii) 前記外来性遺伝子が導入された幹細胞を前記体細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
(iii) 分化誘導された体細胞を脱分化する工程、および
(iv) 工程(iii)で形成された幹細胞コロニーから、染色体に前記外来性遺伝子が組み込まれた幹細胞を単離する工程、
を含む、方法。 - 単離された幹細胞クローンの体細胞への分化誘導効率が、クローン化前の幹細胞と比較して高い、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記体細胞が造血前駆細胞、巨核前駆細胞、赤芽球、神経細胞、神経幹細胞、神経冠細胞、心筋細胞、骨格筋細胞、軟骨細胞、肝細胞又はメラニン細胞である、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 前記体細胞が巨核球前駆細胞であり、前記分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子が、MYCファミリー遺伝子を含む癌遺伝子、Bmi1を含むp16遺伝子又はp19遺伝子の発現を抑制する遺伝子(ポリコーム遺伝子)およびBCL-XL遺伝子を含むアポトーシス抑制遺伝子から成る群より選択される少なくとも一つの外来性遺伝子である、請求項3に記載の方法。
- MEG3を発現する幹細胞が単離される、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記分化誘導に関連する外来性遺伝子が薬剤応答性プロモーターと機能的に連結されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 工程(iii)の脱分化がOCT3/4、SOX2およびKLF4から成る群から選択される初期化因子の導入により実施される、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 体細胞を製造する方法であって、
請求項1~7に記載の方法に従い製造された幹細胞クローンを体細胞へ分化誘導する工程、を含む、方法。 - 血小板を製造する方法であって、
請求項1~6に記載の方法に従い製造された幹細胞クローンを巨核前駆細胞へ分化誘導する工程、および
分化誘導された巨核球前駆細胞を巨核球細胞に成熟させ、血小板を放出させる工程、
を含む、方法。 - 製造される血小板がHLAを欠損している、請求項9に記載の方法。
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RU2017139241A3 (ja) | 2019-09-16 |
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US20180051260A1 (en) | 2018-02-22 |
JP6873898B2 (ja) | 2021-05-19 |
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IL255031B (en) | 2022-04-01 |
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EP3296390A4 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
BR112017022219A2 (pt) | 2018-07-31 |
US20210062158A1 (en) | 2021-03-04 |
SG11201708395VA (en) | 2017-11-29 |
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