WO2015045528A1 - High-speed-tool steel and method for producing same - Google Patents
High-speed-tool steel and method for producing same Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015045528A1 WO2015045528A1 PCT/JP2014/066736 JP2014066736W WO2015045528A1 WO 2015045528 A1 WO2015045528 A1 WO 2015045528A1 JP 2014066736 W JP2014066736 W JP 2014066736W WO 2015045528 A1 WO2015045528 A1 WO 2015045528A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/25—Hardening, combined with annealing between 300 degrees Celsius and 600 degrees Celsius, i.e. heat refining ("Vergüten")
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/021—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/06—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of rods or wires
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/46—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/48—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/52—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with cobalt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/008—Martensite
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a high-speed tool steel used for tools such as dies and punches and a method for producing the same.
- C carbon
- carbide together with C are formed with respect to the component composition of SKH51, which is a typical steel type of high-speed tool steel.
- Low-alloy high-speed tool steel that has improved toughness by reducing the contents of Mo, W, and V is used.
- a steel ingot having the composition of the high speed tool steel is subjected to high temperature soaking (soaking) at 1200 to 1300 ° C. and then cooled at 3 ° C./min or more. By cooling at a speed until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C.
- Patent Document 1 A high-speed tool steel with increased toughness with a density of 80 ⁇ 10 3 pieces / mm 2 or more has been proposed (Patent Document 1 below).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-307963
- Patent Document 1 is effective in improving the toughness of a low-alloy high-speed tool steel.
- the high-speed tool steel manufactured by the technique of Patent Document 1 there are not a few carbides whose individual particle sizes exceed 0.5 ⁇ m in the structure after quenching and tempering. For this reason, in the method of Patent Document 1, there is a case where the effect of improving the toughness of the high-speed tool steel cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high-speed tool steel having further improved toughness and a method for producing the same.
- ⁇ 2> The high-speed tool steel according to ⁇ 1>, further containing Ni: 1.00% or less by mass%.
- ⁇ 3> The high-speed tool steel according to ⁇ 1> or ⁇ 2>, further containing, by mass%, Co: 5.00% or less.
- ⁇ 4> The high-speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 3>, wherein the Si content is 0.20% or less by mass%.
- ⁇ 5> The high-speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 1> to ⁇ 4>, wherein the hardness is 45 HRC or more.
- At least the surface temperature falls to a temperature T1 included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C.
- a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or more Reheating the steel ingot after the cooling step to a hot working temperature of more than 900 ° C., hot working the reheated steel ingot to obtain a steel material; and A quenching and tempering step for quenching and tempering the steel material;
- the manufacturing method of the high-speed tool steel which has.
- the steel ingot is cooled under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C./min until the surface temperature of the steel ingot decreases to the temperature T1.
- the manufacturing method of the described high-speed tool steel ⁇ 8> The high speed tool steel according to ⁇ 6> or ⁇ 7>, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is a steel ingot obtained by casting molten steel refined by a deoxidation refining method. Production method. ⁇ 9> The steel ingot to be prepared in the preparation step is obtained by remelting using the obtained remelting electrode by casting molten steel refined by deoxidation refining to obtain a remelting electrode.
- the manufacturing method of the high-speed tool steel as described in ⁇ 8> which is a steel ingot.
- ⁇ 10> The high speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 9>, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step further contains, by mass%, Ni: 1.00% or less.
- ⁇ 11> The high-speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 10>, wherein the steel ingot to be prepared in the preparation step further contains, by mass%, Co: 5.00% or less.
- Method. ⁇ 12> The steel ingot to be prepared in the preparation step has a Si content of 0.20% or less by mass%, and the high-speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 11>. Production method.
- ⁇ 13> The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 12>, wherein the quenching and tempering step adjusts the hardness of the steel material to 45 HRC or more by the quenching and tempering.
- the quenching and tempering step After the hot working step and before the quenching and tempering step, further comprising a machining step of machining the steel material into a tool shape, The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of ⁇ 6> to ⁇ 13>, wherein the quenching and tempering step includes quenching and tempering a steel material machined into a tool shape.
- the toughness of the high-speed tool steel can be further improved.
- FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram for explaining soaking and cooling processes (cooling conditions 1 to 4) performed on a steel ingot in Example 1.
- FIG. 1 the binarized images obtained by analyzing the cross-sectional structures of the steel ingot A and the steel ingot B cooled under each of the cooling conditions 1 to 4 with an EPMA (electron beam microanalyzer) It is a figure which shows carbide distribution in a cross-sectional structure
- Example 2 it is a scanning electron micrograph which shows an example of the carbide
- Example 2 it is a scanning electron micrograph which shows an example of the carbide
- Example 2 it is a graph which shows the relationship between the circle equivalent diameter and number density (pieces / mm ⁇ 2 >) of the carbide
- Example 2 it is a scanning electron micrograph which shows an example of the fracture surface after a test when the Charpy impact test is implemented to the high-speed tool steel of a comparative example.
- % indicating the content of each component (each element) indicates “mass%”.
- numerical ranges indicated by using “to” indicate ranges including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- hardness represented by the unit “HRC” represents C-scale Rockwell hardness defined in JIS G 0202 (2013).
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is, in mass%, C (carbon): 0.40 to 0.90%, Si (silicon): 1.00% or less, Mn (manganese): 1.00% or less, Cr (Chromium): 4.00 to 6.00%, one or two of W (tungsten) and Mo (molybdenum): 1.50 to 6.5 as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W) 00%, and one or two of V (vanadium) and Nb (niobium): 0.50 to 3.00% as a content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb), N (nitrogen)
- the content of is not more than 0.0200% by mass, the balance is made of Fe (iron) and impurities, and the maximum equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 ⁇ m or less.
- the concept of “carbide” in the cross-sectional structure of the high-speed tool steel includes not only carbides not containing nitrogen but also carbides containing nitrogen (ie, carbonitrides).
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention has an N content of 0.0200% or less.
- N is an impurity element inevitably contained in the steel ingot after casting.
- the steel ingot after casting usually has an N content of about 0.0300% or more. May be included.
- N is an element having strong affinity with V and Nb which are carbide forming elements. Therefore, in high-speed tool steel containing a large amount of N, in the solidification process at the time of casting, V and Nb are combined with N before being crystallized as carbides (eutectic carbides). Crystallize. Next, carbides crystallize around the nitrides to form carbonitrides. The carbonitride is a thermally stable compound.
- the N content is 0.0200% or less in order to suppress the formation amount of the carbonitride.
- the form of the carbonitride crystallized in the steel ingot can be changed to a form of carbide not containing nitrogen.
- Carbide containing no nitrogen can be easily dissolved in the matrix by soaking.
- carbonized_material distributed in high speed tool steel can be made finer by making content of N into 0.0200% or less, the toughness of high speed tool steel can be improved more. .
- the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the carbide is 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle size greatly exceeds 1.00 ⁇ m in the high-speed tool steel. It has been found that coarse carbides may be present. Furthermore, it has been found that the presence of such coarse carbides may not sufficiently improve the toughness of high-speed tool steel.
- the toughness of the high-speed tool steel is further improved because the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 ⁇ m or less.
- carbide with a large particle size especially carbide with an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 1.00 ⁇ m becomes the starting point of fracture. It becomes easy and the toughness of high-speed tool steel decreases.
- Carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 1.00 ⁇ m are carbides (undissolved carbides) that do not form a solid solution in the base at the quenching temperature (approximately austenitizing temperature of approximately 900 ° C. or higher) in the quenching step.
- the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure may be 1.00 ⁇ m or less, and as long as this condition is satisfied, the average particle diameter of the carbide is 0.5 ⁇ m or less. Needless to say, it may be.
- the N content is 0.0200% or less, and the maximum circle equivalent diameter of carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 ⁇ m or less.
- the toughness is further improved as compared with conventional high-speed tool steel (for example, the high-speed tool steel described in Patent Document 1).
- the N content is preferably 0.0180% or less, more preferably 0.0150% or less.
- the lower limit of the N content is not particularly limited, but the lower limit of the N content can be 0.0005%, for example, or can be 0.0010%. it can.
- the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 ⁇ m or less, and the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter is preferably 0.90 ⁇ m. Below, more preferably 0.80 ⁇ m or less.
- the distribution density of carbides can be 80 ⁇ 10 3 pieces / mm 2 or more.
- the prior austenite grain size after quenching and tempering can be made finer, and the toughness of the high-speed tool steel can be further increased.
- the cross-sectional structure of the high-speed tool steel is, for example, a total field of view of 5000 ⁇ m 2 or more using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 4000 times. It is sufficient to observe and specify the area.
- carbonized_material is specified generally has the shape of various tool products.
- carbonized_material can be made into the cross-sectional structure
- Carbides that have a great influence on the toughness of the tool are carbides (undissolved carbides) that do not dissolve in the matrix at the quenching temperature (approximately 900 ° C. or higher austenitizing temperature).
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention preferably has a hardness of 45 HRC or more.
- the tensile strength excellent in the tool can be imparted by setting the use hardness to 45 HRC or more.
- excellent tensile strength at high temperatures can be imparted by setting the used hardness (hardness at room temperature) to 45 HRC or higher.
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention has a hardness of 45 HRC to 60 HRC.
- the component composition of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is common to the component composition of the high-speed tool steel of Patent Document 1 in the basic configuration other than the N content.
- each component other than N of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention will be described.
- C is an element that imparts wear resistance to high-speed tool steel by combining with carbide-forming elements such as Cr, Mo, W, V, and Nb to form hard double carbide.
- carbide-forming elements such as Cr, Mo, W, V, and Nb to form hard double carbide.
- a part of C is dissolved in the base to strengthen the base. Thereby, a part of C gives hardness to the martensitic structure after quenching and tempering.
- an excessive amount of C promotes segregation of carbides. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.40 to 0.90%.
- Si is an element that is normally used as a deoxidizer in the melting step and is unavoidably contained in the steel ingot after casting.
- the Si content is set to 1.00% or less.
- the Si an effect of refining the primary carbides in the spherical rod-shaped M 2 C type. Therefore, the Si content is preferably 0.10% or more.
- content of Si is 0.20% or less from the following viewpoints. That is, when the Si content is 0.20% or less, the effect of refining the primary carbide into a spherical shape tends to be weakened.
- Mn is an element that is used as a deoxidizer in the melting step, as in Si, and is unavoidably contained in the steel ingot after casting.
- the Mn content is 1.00% or less.
- Mn has the effect
- Cr is an element that combines with C to form carbides and improves the wear resistance of the high-speed tool steel.
- Cr is an element that also contributes to improving the hardenability of the high-speed tool steel.
- the Cr content is 4.00 to 6.00%.
- W and Mo are elements that combine with C to form carbides, and dissolve in the matrix during quenching to increase the hardness and improve the wear resistance of high-speed tool steel.
- W and Mo are elements that combine with C to form carbides, and dissolve in the matrix during quenching to increase the hardness and improve the wear resistance of high-speed tool steel.
- striped segregation is promoted and the toughness of high-speed tool steel will fall.
- the contents of W and Mo refer to the contents obtained by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W).
- “Mo” represents the content (%) of Mo (molybdenum)
- “W” represents the content (%) of W (tungsten).
- the content of one or two of W and Mo is set to 1.50 to 6.00% as the content obtained by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W).
- the high speed tool steel of the present invention may contain only one (one) of W and Mo, or may contain two (both) of W and Mo. That is, either “Mo” or “W” in the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W) may be 0%.
- the W content in the high-speed tool steel is preferably 3.00% or less (0.50 or less as 0.5 W in the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W)).
- V and Nb 0.50 to 3.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb)
- V and Nb combine with C to form a carbide, and improve the wear resistance and seizure resistance of the high-speed tool steel.
- V and Nb are dissolved in the matrix during quenching and precipitate fine and hard-to-aggregate carbides during tempering, thereby improving softening resistance in high-temperature environments and high temperature Gives strength. Then, V and Nb, as well to the fine grain, A 1 transformation point be increased, improving the toughness and heat crack resistance of high-speed tool steel.
- carbonized_material will be produced
- the contents of V and Nb refer to the contents obtained by the relational expression (V + Nb).
- the content of one or two of V and Nb is 0.50 to 3.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb).
- “V” represents the content (%) of V (vanadium)
- “Nb” represents the content (%) of Nb (niobium).
- the high speed tool steel of the present invention may contain only one (one) of V and Nb, or may contain two (both) of V and Nb. That is, either “V” or “Nb” in the relational expression (V + Nb) may be 0%.
- the content obtained by the relational expression (V + Nb) is preferably 1.50% or less.
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention contains Nb (that is, the Nb content is more than 0%).
- Ni 1.00% or less
- Ni imparts excellent hardenability to the high-speed tool steel.
- a hardened structure mainly composed of martensite can be formed, and the essential toughness of the base itself can be improved.
- the content of Ni is too large A 1 transformation point is excessively lowered, the higher the annealing hardness of high speed tool steel, machining of high-speed tool steel is reduced. Therefore, even when the high-speed tool steel contains Ni, the Ni content is preferably 1.00% or less. And when high-speed tool steel contains Ni, 0.05% or more of content of Ni is preferable.
- Co 5.00% or less
- Co has an effect of forming a protective oxide film having a very dense and good adhesion on the surface of the tool when the temperature of the tool in use is raised. This reduces the metal contact between the surface of the tool and the counterpart material, reduces the temperature rise on the surface of the tool, and provides the tool with excellent wear resistance. And formation of this protective oxide film increases the heat insulation effect and also improves the heat crack resistance.
- the toughness of high speed tool steel will fall. Therefore, even when the high-speed tool steel contains Co, the Co content is preferably 5.00% or less. And when high-speed tool steel contains Co, content of Co is preferably 0.30% or more.
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention may contain, for example, S (sulfur) and P (phosphorus) as inevitable impurity elements. If the S content is too large, the hot workability of the high-speed tool steel is hindered, so the S content is preferably regulated to 0.0100% or less. The S content is more preferably 0.0050% or less. If the P content is too high, the toughness of the high-speed tool steel deteriorates, so the P content is preferably regulated to 0.050% or less. The content of P is more preferably 0.025% or less.
- the method for producing the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is not particularly limited.
- the steel ingot having the composition of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is subjected to soaking (preferably, the steel ingot is 1200 to 1300. Soaking by heating to °C), cooling (preferably cooling the steel ingot after soaking) until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less, hot working (preferably after cooling) A hot working performed by reheating the steel ingot to over 900 ° C.) and quenching and tempering (preferably quenching and tempering at a quenching temperature of 900 ° C. or higher and a tempering temperature of 500 to 650 ° C.).
- the steel material may be machined into a tool shape between hot working and quenching and tempering.
- the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is particularly easy to manufacture according to the method of manufacturing the high-speed tool steel of the present invention described later.
- the production method of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present production method”) is mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.
- At least the surface temperature falls to a temperature T1 included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C.
- a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or more Reheating the steel ingot after the cooling step to a hot working temperature of more than 900 ° C., hot working the reheated steel ingot to obtain a steel material; and A quenching and tempering step for quenching and tempering the steel material;
- cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is sometimes simply referred to as “cooling rate”.
- high-temperature soaking at 1200 to 1300 ° C is really effective for dissolving high-speed carbides in steel ingots for high-alloy tool steels with low alloy composition as in Patent Document 1.
- the present inventor has found that if the cooling process after the soaking is inappropriate, the undissolved or newly precipitated carbide may be coarsened. Therefore, the present inventor has found that by appropriately managing this cooling condition, it is possible to suppress the coarsening of the carbide in the cooling process, and as a result, it is possible to further refine the carbide in the structure of the high-speed tool steel.
- the present inventor has determined that the steel ingot itself to be subjected to soaking has a more optimal component composition in order to maintain the effect of carbide refinement under the appropriate cooling conditions. A high-speed tool steel manufacturing method has been reached.
- a steel ingot having an N content of 0.0200% or less by mass% is used.
- carbides distributed in the manufactured high-speed tool steel can be made finer, so that high-speed tool steel with further improved toughness can be manufactured. can do.
- adjusting the N content in the steel ingot to be subjected to soaking is 0.0200% or less, together with the cooling step in this manufacturing method, the carbide (carbonitride in the structure) Plays an important role in making fine. Details will be described below.
- the carbide crystallized in the steel ingot can be dissolved in the matrix by soaking at 1200 to 1300 ° C., which is the next step. And, in the cooling process after the soaking process, the precipitation and growth of carbides of V and Nb can be suppressed by cooling until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more. Is possible. However, in actual operation, it is difficult to cool the steel ingot immediately after the soaking process from the soaking temperature to the temperature of 900 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more.
- the temperature at which the carbides precipitate and grow can be lowered in the cooling process after the soaking. it can. Specifically, the temperature at which the carbide precipitates and grows can be lowered to 1000 ° C. or less at the surface temperature of the steel ingot. Even if the surface temperature of the steel ingot taken out from the soaking furnace is lowered to around 1000 ° C. due to the decrease in the carbide precipitation and growth temperature, the subsequent cooling is 3 ° C./min or more. If performed at a speed, precipitation and growth of the carbide can be suppressed, so that the refinement of the carbide can be achieved more reliably.
- a steel ingot having a N content of 0.0200% or less is used as a steel ingot to be subjected to soaking, and at least the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 1000 ° C. or less and over 900 ° C.
- a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature becomes 3 ° C./min or more is obtained. Miniaturization can be achieved more reliably. For this reason, according to this manufacturing method, compared with the conventional high speed tool steel (for example, the high speed tool steel of patent document 1), the high speed tool steel in which the toughness was further improved can be manufactured. .
- a high-speed tool steel for example, the above-described high-speed tool steel of the present invention
- a high-speed tool steel of the present invention having a maximum equivalent circle diameter of carbide in a cross-sectional structure of 1.00 ⁇ m or less can be manufactured. it can.
- the preparatory process is, by mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, W and Mo. One or two of them: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and one or two of V and Nb: by the relational expression (V + Nb)
- This is a step of preparing a steel ingot containing 0.50 to 3.00% as the required content, the N content being 0.0200% or less by mass, and the balance being Fe and impurities.
- the preparation process is a process for convenience.
- the preparation step may be a step of manufacturing a steel ingot, or a step of preparing a steel ingot that has been manufactured in advance prior to the manufacture of high-speed tool steel.
- the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is preferably a steel ingot obtained by casting molten steel refined by a deoxidation refining method.
- the deoxidation refining method include various ladle smelting methods such as LF method, ASEA-SKF method, VAD method and VOD method; various vacuum degassing methods such as RH method and DH method.
- the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is a steel ingot obtained by remelting using the obtained remelting electrode by casting molten steel refined by the deoxidation refining method to obtain a remelting electrode. It is more preferable that By performing the remelting method, segregation in the steel ingot can be improved.
- the remelting method include an electroslag remelting method, a vacuum arc remelting method, a plasma arc remelting method, and an electron beam remelting method.
- the electroslag remelting method uses slag, it is advantageous in reducing impurity elements such as S.
- the soaking process is a process of soaking by heating the steel ingot prepared in the preparation process to 1200 to 1300 ° C.
- the steel ingot having the above-described composition is soaked at a high temperature of 1200 to 1300 ° C., so that the huge carbides at the time of casting are dissolved, and the composition components are solidified. It can be dissolved and diffused to improve the distribution of carbides.
- the temperature for soaking is 1200 to 1300 ° C., preferably 1260 to 1300 ° C.
- the soaking time is preferably 10 to 20 hours.
- the temperature of general soaking of high-speed tool steel is around 1150 ° C., the temperature of soaking in the soaking process of this production method is higher than the temperature of general soaking.
- the cooling step is a process in which the steel ingot after the soaking process is cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, and at least the surface temperature of the steel ingot is included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C.
- the steel ingot is cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 3 ° C./min or more.
- the steel ingot is cooled at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less.
- This cooling process reduces the formation of carbides with a large particle size by passing quickly through a temperature range up to 900 ° C. where V and Nb carbides are likely to precipitate and grow, and is preferably finely dispersed in the matrix. This is a step of forming only a small particle size carbide.
- it is difficult to cool the steel ingot after soaking at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more from the time when the soaking temperature is maintained to a temperature of 900 ° C. or less. Therefore, in this production method, the precipitation and growth temperature of carbide during cooling is lowered to around 1000 ° C. by setting the N content in the steel ingot to be subjected to soaking to 0.0200% or less. Succeeded.
- the steel ingot in which the N content is reduced to 0.0200% or less is soaked, so that in the cooling step after soaking, cooling from the soaking temperature to around 1000 ° C. is performed. Even if the cooling is performed at a slow cooling rate of less than 3 ° C./minute, if the subsequent cooling to 900 ° C. or less is performed at a fast cooling rate of 3 ° C./minute or more, the refinement of carbide can be effectively performed. Can be achieved. That is, the cooling step in this production method is a process in which the steel ingot after the soaking process is cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, and at least the surface temperature is 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C. After the temperature T1 is lowered, cooling is performed until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or lower under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or higher.
- the cooling until the surface temperature of the steel ingot is lowered to the temperature T1 may be performed under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C / min.
- the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C / min. You may carry out on the conditions which become the above.
- the cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more can be achieved by removing the steel ingot from the soaking furnace and cooling it with air (cooling) or cooling with a fan, for example.
- the cooling until the surface temperature of the steel ingot is lowered to the temperature T1 is performed under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C./min
- the handling time of the steel ingot after soaking can be afforded. It has the advantage that the production of high-speed tool steel is easier.
- the temperature T1 is a temperature included in a range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C., but is preferably a temperature included in a range of 1000 ° C. or lower and 950 ° C. or higher, and in a range of 1000 ° C. or lower and 970 ° C. or higher. It is more preferable that the temperature is within the range of 1000 ° C.
- the cooling step at least after the surface temperature of the steel ingot has decreased to 950 ° C., until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 3 ° C./min or more.
- a cooling step is preferred.
- the surface temperature of the steel ingot at least after the surface temperature of the steel ingot has decreased to 1000 ° C., the surface temperature of the steel ingot is set to 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 3 ° C./min or more. It is more preferable that it is the process of cooling until it becomes.
- the cooling rate after the temperature T1 is lowered is 3 ° C./min or more, but this cooling rate is preferably 10 ° C./min or more, more preferably 20 ° C./min or more, and 30 ° C./min. Min. Or more is more preferable, and 40 ° C./min or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the cooling rate after the temperature T1 is lowered is not particularly limited, but the upper limit is preferably 100 ° C./min, and more preferably 80 ° C./min.
- the hot working step is a step in which the steel ingot after the cooling step is reheated to a hot working temperature exceeding 900 ° C., and the reheated steel ingot is hot worked to obtain a steel material.
- the hot working temperature is a temperature at which the hot working is started.
- the reheating and hot working performed in the hot working process may be performed in the same manner as in Patent Document 1.
- the hot working is performed for the purpose of improving the cast structure of the steel ingot, adjusting to a predetermined steel material size, and the like. What is necessary is just to perform hot processing according to the lump conditions, such as forging and rolling currently implemented normally.
- the hot working temperature of the steel ingot after the cooling step is higher than 900 ° C, preferably 950 ° C or higher, more preferably 1000 ° C or higher, and particularly preferably 1050 ° C or higher.
- the upper limit of the hot working temperature of the steel ingot after the cooling step is not particularly limited, but the upper limit is preferably 1250 ° C, more preferably 1200 ° C, and particularly preferably 1150 ° C.
- the quenching and tempering step is a step of quenching and tempering the steel material obtained by the hot working.
- the steel material after quenching and tempering has fine toughness in carbides contained in the structure and has excellent toughness.
- Quenching and tempering in the quenching and tempering step may be performed in the same manner as in Patent Document 1, and may be performed in accordance with conditions or the like that are normally performed.
- the quenching temperature can be appropriately selected from a range of 900 ° C. or higher.
- the quenching temperature is more preferably 950 ° C. or higher, further preferably 1000 ° C. or higher.
- the tempering temperature can be appropriately selected from the range of 500 to 650 ° C.
- the quenching and tempering step is preferably a step of adjusting the hardness of the steel material to 45 HRC or more (more preferably 45 to 60 HRC) by quenching and tempering. That is, the hardness of the steel material after quenching and tempering in this step is preferably 45 HRC or more (more preferably 45 to 60 HRC).
- the manufacturing method further includes a machining step of machining the steel material into a tool shape after the hot working step and before the quenching and tempering step, and the quenching and tempering step is machined into a tool shape. It may be a step of quenching and tempering the steel material.
- a tool-shaped steel material that is, a tool product
- the state of the steel after hot working is an annealed state with low hardness. Performing quenching and tempering after machining this annealed steel material is efficient for the manufacture of tool products.
- Example 1 The molten steel adjusted to the predetermined component composition was prepared by the atmospheric melting method. About the molten steel provided to the example of this invention (steel ingot A), refinement
- Cooling condition 1 is that a steel ingot that has undergone soaking is gradually cooled (cooling rate: 0.5 ° C./min) until the surface temperature of this ingot decreases from the soaking temperature (1280 ° C.) to 1200 ° C. After the surface temperature of the ingot has decreased to 1200 ° C., cooling is performed until the surface temperature of the ingot is 900 ° C. or less by air cooling (cooling rate: about 50 ° C./min) by fan cooling.
- the cooling condition 2 is a condition in which the temperature for switching from slow cooling to air cooling in the cooling condition 1 is changed from 1200 ° C. in the cooling condition 1 to 1100 ° C.
- the cooling condition 3 is a condition in which the temperature for switching from slow cooling to air cooling in the cooling condition 1 is changed from 1200 ° C. in the cooling condition 1 to 1000 ° C.
- the cooling condition 4 is a condition in which the temperature for switching from slow cooling to air cooling in the cooling condition 1 is changed from 1200 ° C. in the cooling condition 1 to 900 ° C.
- tissue was investigated as follows. First, the cross-sectional structure of each sample collected from the steel ingot was observed with a scanning electron microscope (magnification 50 times), and the observed visual field was analyzed with EPMA. Then, based on the contents of V and Nb that form carbides, a binarization process is performed on the analysis result with the detected intensity of V and Nb being 10 counts (cps) or more as a threshold value. It was. Thereby, the binarized image which showed the carbide
- the carbides are shown with a black distribution.
- the steel ingot A cooled in the cooling condition 1 the steel ingot A cooled in the cooling condition 2
- the steel ingot A cooled in the cooling condition 3 the steel ingot B cooled in the cooling condition 1
- no black distribution a clear presence of carbide
- Example 2 In Example 1, the steel ingot A (N: 0.0128%) cooled under cooling condition 1 (after soaking and gradually cooled to 1200 ° C.) and cooling condition 1 (after soaking and gradually cooled to 1200 ° C.) Each of the cooled steel ingot B (N: 0.0296%) was reheated to a hot working temperature of 1100 ° C., and the reheated steel ingot was subjected to hot pressing and hot rolling to perform the ingot processing. . Each steel ingot (steel slab) after the batch processing was hot-rolled to finish a round bar steel material having a cross-sectional diameter of 100 mm (hot processing step).
- FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure of the sample for evaluation of the present invention example (high-speed tool steel produced using the steel ingot A)
- FIG. 4 is the sample for evaluation of the comparative example (steel) It is the scanning electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure
- FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 the carbide
- tissue image having a number of pixels per visual field of 1200 ⁇ 1000 [area 29.19 ⁇ m ⁇ 23.92 ⁇ m]) was obtained.
- Tissue images were obtained for 10 visual fields per evaluation sample (total area 6982.2 ⁇ m 2 per evaluation sample).
- image analysis software Software SCANDIUM manufactured by Olympus Corporation
- the particle size distribution of the carbide was measured by examining the relationship between the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide and the number density (pieces / mm 2 ).
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the equivalent circle diameter of carbide and the number density (pieces / mm 2 ).
- the notations “total 176 ⁇ 10 3 pieces / mm 2 ” and “total 180 ⁇ 10 3 pieces / mm 2 ” are the total carbides obtained by adding the number density for each equivalent circle diameter. The number density (pieces / mm 2 ) is shown.
- the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure was 1.00 ⁇ m or less.
- the sample for evaluation of the comparative example high speed tool steel
- carbonized_material in the high speed tool steel of the example of this invention is fine compared with the carbide
- the number density of the entire carbide was 80 ⁇ 10 3 pieces / mm 2 or more, and a large amount of fine carbide was formed.
- the toughness was evaluated by conducting a Charpy impact test for each of the evaluation sample of the present invention and the evaluation sample of the comparative example.
- the notch shape of the specimen for the Charpy impact test was 10R.
- a test piece for the Charpy impact test a test piece taken so that the length direction (hot working direction) of the round bar steel material matches the length of the test piece, and the test piece in the cross-sectional radial direction of the round bar steel product Two types of test pieces collected so as to have the same length were used. Then, three test pieces (TP1, TP2, TP3) having different sampling positions were prepared for the two types of test pieces, and a Charpy impact test was performed. Table 2 shows the results of the Charpy impact test.
- the high-speed tool steel of the example of the present invention had a larger Charpy impact value and excellent toughness than the high-speed tool steel of the comparative example.
- FIG. 6 and 7 are scanning types showing fracture surfaces near the notch after the Charpy impact test of the test piece TP2 taken in the cross-sectional radial direction of the round bar steel material for the high-speed tool steels of the present invention and the comparative example, respectively. It is an electron micrograph. As shown in FIG. 6, in the case of the high-speed tool steel of the example of the present invention, no major factor for lowering the impact value was confirmed at the starting point of the fracture surface. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, in the case of the high-speed tool steel of the comparative example, large carbides having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 1.00 ⁇ m were confirmed at the fracture surface starting point (rounded portion). That is, it was confirmed that this large carbide was the starting point of fracture, and the toughness of the high-speed tool steel of the comparative example was lowered.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、特許文献1の手法で製造した高速度工具鋼であっても、その焼入れ焼戻し後の組織中には、個々の粒径が0.5μmを超える炭化物が少なくない場合がある。このため、特許文献1の手法では、高速度工具鋼の靭性向上の効果が十分に得られない場合があった。 The technique of Patent Document 1 is effective in improving the toughness of a low-alloy high-speed tool steel.
However, even in the high-speed tool steel manufactured by the technique of Patent Document 1, there are not a few carbides whose individual particle sizes exceed 0.5 μm in the structure after quenching and tempering. For this reason, in the method of Patent Document 1, there is a case where the effect of improving the toughness of the high-speed tool steel cannot be obtained sufficiently.
<1> 質量%で、C:0.40~0.90%、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:1.00%以下、Cr:4.00~6.00%、WおよびMoのうちの1種または2種:関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%、並びに、VおよびNbのうちの1種または2種:関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%を含有し、Nの含有量が質量%で0.0200%以下であり、残部がFeおよび不純物からなり、断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値が1.00μm以下である高速度工具鋼。
<2> 質量%で、Ni:1.00%以下をさらに含有する<1>に記載の高速度工具鋼。
<3> 質量%で、Co:5.00%以下をさらに含有する<1>または<2>に記載の高速度工具鋼。
<4> Siの含有量が、質量%で0.20%以下である<1>~<3>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼。
<5> 硬さが45HRC以上である<1>~<4>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼。 Specific means for solving the above problems are as follows.
<1> By mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, W and Mo One or two of: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and one or two of V and Nb: determined by the relational expression (V + Nb) The content is 0.50 to 3.00%, the N content is 0.0200% or less by mass, the balance is Fe and impurities, and the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is High-speed tool steel with a maximum value of 1.00 μm or less.
<2> The high-speed tool steel according to <1>, further containing Ni: 1.00% or less by mass%.
<3> The high-speed tool steel according to <1> or <2>, further containing, by mass%, Co: 5.00% or less.
<4> The high-speed tool steel according to any one of <1> to <3>, wherein the Si content is 0.20% or less by mass%.
<5> The high-speed tool steel according to any one of <1> to <4>, wherein the hardness is 45 HRC or more.
前記鋼塊を1200~1300℃に加熱することによって均熱処理する均熱処理工程と、
前記均熱処理工程後の前記鋼塊を該鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する過程で、少なくとも、前記表面温度が1000℃以下900℃超の範囲内に含まれる温度T1に下がった以降は、前記表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分以上となる条件で前記表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する冷却工程と、
前記冷却工程後の前記鋼塊を900℃超の熱間加工温度に再加熱し、前記再加熱した鋼塊を熱間加工して鋼材とする熱間加工工程と、
前記鋼材に焼入れ焼戻しを行う焼入れ焼戻し工程と、
を有する高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 <6> By mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, W and Mo One or two of: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and one or two of V and Nb: determined by the relational expression (V + Nb) A preparatory step of preparing a steel ingot containing 0.50 to 3.00% as content, N content is 0.0200% or less by mass, and the balance is Fe and impurities;
A soaking process in which the steel ingot is soaked by heating to 1200 to 1300 ° C .;
In the process of cooling the steel ingot after the soaking process until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, at least the surface temperature falls to a temperature T1 included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C. After that, a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or more,
Reheating the steel ingot after the cooling step to a hot working temperature of more than 900 ° C., hot working the reheated steel ingot to obtain a steel material; and
A quenching and tempering step for quenching and tempering the steel material;
The manufacturing method of the high-speed tool steel which has.
<8> 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、脱酸精錬法によって精錬された溶鋼を鋳造することによって得られた鋼塊である<6>または<7>に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。
<9> 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、脱酸精錬法によって精錬された溶鋼を鋳造して再溶解用電極を得、得られた再溶解用電極を用いて再溶解法によって得られた鋼塊である<8>に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。
<10> 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、質量%で、Ni:1.00%以下をさらに含有する<6>~<9>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。
<11> 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、質量%で、Co:5.00%以下をさらに含有する<6>~<10>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。
<12> 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、Siの含有量が、質量%で0.20%以下である<6>~<11>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。
<13> 前記焼入れ焼戻し工程は、前記焼入れ焼戻しにより、鋼材の硬さを45HRC以上に調整する<6>~<12>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。
<14> 前記熱間加工工程後であって前記焼入れ焼戻し工程前に、前記鋼材を工具形状に機械加工する機械加工工程をさらに有し、
前記焼入れ焼戻し工程は、工具形状に機械加工された鋼材に対して焼入れ焼戻しを行う<6>~<13>のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 <7> In the cooling step, the steel ingot is cooled under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C./min until the surface temperature of the steel ingot decreases to the temperature T1. The manufacturing method of the described high-speed tool steel.
<8> The high speed tool steel according to <6> or <7>, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is a steel ingot obtained by casting molten steel refined by a deoxidation refining method. Production method.
<9> The steel ingot to be prepared in the preparation step is obtained by remelting using the obtained remelting electrode by casting molten steel refined by deoxidation refining to obtain a remelting electrode. The manufacturing method of the high-speed tool steel as described in <8> which is a steel ingot.
<10> The high speed tool steel according to any one of <6> to <9>, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step further contains, by mass%, Ni: 1.00% or less. Method.
<11> The high-speed tool steel according to any one of <6> to <10>, wherein the steel ingot to be prepared in the preparation step further contains, by mass%, Co: 5.00% or less. Method.
<12> The steel ingot to be prepared in the preparation step has a Si content of 0.20% or less by mass%, and the high-speed tool steel according to any one of <6> to <11>. Production method.
<13> The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of <6> to <12>, wherein the quenching and tempering step adjusts the hardness of the steel material to 45 HRC or more by the quenching and tempering.
<14> After the hot working step and before the quenching and tempering step, further comprising a machining step of machining the steel material into a tool shape,
The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of <6> to <13>, wherein the quenching and tempering step includes quenching and tempering a steel material machined into a tool shape.
また、本明細書中、「~」を用いて示された数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値をそれぞれ最小値及び最大値として含む範囲を示す。
また、本明細書中、単位「HRC」で表される「硬さ」は、JIS G 0202(2013)に規定されるCスケールのロックウェル硬さを表す。 In the present specification, “%” indicating the content of each component (each element) indicates “mass%”.
In the present specification, numerical ranges indicated by using “to” indicate ranges including the numerical values described before and after “to” as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
In the present specification, “hardness” represented by the unit “HRC” represents C-scale Rockwell hardness defined in JIS G 0202 (2013).
本発明の高速度工具鋼は、質量%で、C(炭素):0.40~0.90%、Si(ケイ素):1.00%以下、Mn(マンガン):1.00%以下、Cr(クロム):4.00~6.00%、W(タングステン)およびMo(モリブデン)のうちの1種または2種:関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%、並びに、V(バナジウム)およびNb(ニオブ)のうちの1種または2種:関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%を含有し、N(窒素)の含有量が質量%で0.0200%以下であり、残部がFe(鉄)および不純物からなり、断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値が1.00μm以下である。 <High speed tool steel>
The high-speed tool steel of the present invention is, in mass%, C (carbon): 0.40 to 0.90%, Si (silicon): 1.00% or less, Mn (manganese): 1.00% or less, Cr (Chromium): 4.00 to 6.00%, one or two of W (tungsten) and Mo (molybdenum): 1.50 to 6.5 as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W) 00%, and one or two of V (vanadium) and Nb (niobium): 0.50 to 3.00% as a content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb), N (nitrogen) The content of is not more than 0.0200% by mass, the balance is made of Fe (iron) and impurities, and the maximum equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 μm or less.
Nは、鋳造後の鋼塊が不可避的に含有する不純物元素である。 As described above, the high-speed tool steel of the present invention has an N content of 0.0200% or less.
N is an impurity element inevitably contained in the steel ingot after casting.
Nは、炭化物形成元素であるVやNbとの親和性が強い元素である。
よって、Nを多く含む高速度工具鋼では、鋳造時の凝固過程において、VやNbが、Cと結合して炭化物(共晶炭化物)として晶出する前に、Nと結合して窒化物として晶出する。次いで、この窒化物の周囲に炭化物が晶出することにより、炭窒化物が形成される。
前記炭窒化物は熱的に安定な化合物である。
従って、鋼塊中に前記炭窒化物が多く形成されていると、次工程である均熱処理工程や熱間加工工程において、前記炭窒化物を基地中に固溶させることが困難である。その結果、均熱処理工程および熱間加工工程を経て製造された高速度工具鋼(工具製品を含む。以下同じ。)の組織中には前記炭窒化物が多く残留することとなり、高速度工具鋼の靭性が低下する。そして、前記炭窒化物が破壊の起点となることにより、高速度工具鋼の早期割れが起こり易くなり、ひいては高速度工具鋼の寿命が低下する。 Generally, when the composition of the molten steel before casting is adjusted exclusively in the air environment, the steel ingot after casting usually has an N content of about 0.0300% or more. May be included.
N is an element having strong affinity with V and Nb which are carbide forming elements.
Therefore, in high-speed tool steel containing a large amount of N, in the solidification process at the time of casting, V and Nb are combined with N before being crystallized as carbides (eutectic carbides). Crystallize. Next, carbides crystallize around the nitrides to form carbonitrides.
The carbonitride is a thermally stable compound.
Therefore, if a large amount of the carbonitride is formed in the steel ingot, it is difficult to dissolve the carbonitride in the base in the soaking process or the hot working process as the next process. As a result, a large amount of the carbonitride remains in the structure of the high-speed tool steel (including tool products; the same applies hereinafter) manufactured through the soaking process and the hot working process. The toughness of the steel decreases. And since the said carbonitride becomes the starting point of destruction, the early crack of high-speed tool steel becomes easy to occur, and the lifetime of high-speed tool steel falls by extension.
これにより、鋼塊中に晶出する前記炭窒化物の形態を、窒素を含まない炭化物の形態に変化させることができる。
窒素を含まない炭化物は、均熱処理等で基地中に固溶させることが容易である。このため、Nの含有量を0.0200%以下とすることにより、高速度工具鋼中に分布する炭化物をより微細にすることができるので、高速度工具鋼の靱性をより向上させることができる。 In view of the above points, in the high-speed tool steel of the present invention, the N content is 0.0200% or less in order to suppress the formation amount of the carbonitride.
Thereby, the form of the carbonitride crystallized in the steel ingot can be changed to a form of carbide not containing nitrogen.
Carbide containing no nitrogen can be easily dissolved in the matrix by soaking. For this reason, since the carbide | carbonized_material distributed in high speed tool steel can be made finer by making content of N into 0.0200% or less, the toughness of high speed tool steel can be improved more. .
しかし、本発明者の検討により、高速度工具鋼中の炭化物の平均粒径が0.5μm以下である場合であっても、この高速度工具鋼中に、粒径が1.00μmを大きく超える粗大な炭化物が存在する場合があることが判明した。さらに、かかる粗大な炭化物の存在により、高速度工具鋼の靱性を十分に向上させることができない場合があることも判明した。
これらの点に関し、本発明の高速度工具鋼では、断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値が1.00μm以下であることにより、高速度工具鋼の靭性がさらに向上する。
高速度工具鋼の断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値が1.00μmを超えると、粒径が大きい炭化物(特に、円相当径が1.00μmを超える炭化物)が破壊の起点になりやすくなり、高速度工具鋼の靱性が低下する。円相当径が1.00μmを超える炭化物は、焼入れ工程において、その焼入れ温度(概ね900℃以上のオーステナイト化温度)で専ら基地中に固溶しない炭化物(未固溶炭化物)である。 Regarding the carbide particle size, in the high-speed tool steel described in Patent Document 1 described above, the average particle size of the carbide is 0.5 μm or less.
However, according to the inventor's study, even when the average particle size of carbides in the high-speed tool steel is 0.5 μm or less, the particle size greatly exceeds 1.00 μm in the high-speed tool steel. It has been found that coarse carbides may be present. Furthermore, it has been found that the presence of such coarse carbides may not sufficiently improve the toughness of high-speed tool steel.
With respect to these points, in the high-speed tool steel of the present invention, the toughness of the high-speed tool steel is further improved because the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is 1.00 μm or less.
When the maximum equivalent circle diameter of carbide in the cross-sectional structure of high-speed tool steel exceeds 1.00 μm, carbide with a large particle size (especially carbide with an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 1.00 μm) becomes the starting point of fracture. It becomes easy and the toughness of high-speed tool steel decreases. Carbides having an equivalent circle diameter of more than 1.00 μm are carbides (undissolved carbides) that do not form a solid solution in the base at the quenching temperature (approximately austenitizing temperature of approximately 900 ° C. or higher) in the quenching step.
本発明の高速度工具鋼において、N含有量の下限には特に制限はないが、N含有量の下限は、例えば0.0005%とすることができ、また、0.0010%とすることもできる。 In the high-speed tool steel of the present invention, the N content is preferably 0.0180% or less, more preferably 0.0150% or less.
In the high-speed tool steel of the present invention, the lower limit of the N content is not particularly limited, but the lower limit of the N content can be 0.0005%, for example, or can be 0.0010%. it can.
そして、前記炭化物が特定されるときの高速度工具鋼は、一般的に、各種の工具製品の形状を有している。この工具製品の形状で前記炭化物に起因した割れの発生が懸念される部位は、例えば、前記工具製品の作業面であり、特に、前記作業面のうちで、他の部材と接触するコーナー部(外角部、内角部)である。従って、前記炭化物を特定する高速度工具鋼の部位は、例えば、前記コーナー部を含む断面組織とすることができる。
工具の靭性に大きな影響を及ぼす炭化物は、焼入れ工程において、その焼入れ温度(概ね900℃以上のオーステナイト化温度)で専ら基地中に固溶しない炭化物(未固溶炭化物)である。 In the present invention, in order to specify the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of carbide and the distribution density of carbide, the cross-sectional structure of the high-speed tool steel is, for example, a total field of view of 5000 μm 2 or more using a scanning electron microscope with a magnification of 4000 times. It is sufficient to observe and specify the area.
And the high speed tool steel when the said carbide | carbonized_material is specified generally has the shape of various tool products. The site where the occurrence of cracks due to the carbide in the shape of the tool product is a concern, for example, is the work surface of the tool product, and in particular, the corner portion (in contact with other members of the work surface ( Outer corner, inner corner). Therefore, the site | part of the high speed tool steel which specifies the said carbide | carbonized_material can be made into the cross-sectional structure | tissue containing the said corner part, for example.
Carbides that have a great influence on the toughness of the tool are carbides (undissolved carbides) that do not dissolve in the matrix at the quenching temperature (approximately 900 ° C. or higher austenitizing temperature).
本発明の高速度工具鋼を各種工具に用いるとき、その使用硬さを45HRC以上とすることで、工具に優れた引張強さを付与することができる。特に、各種熱間工具に用いる場合には、その使用硬さ(室温での硬さ)を45HRC以上とすることで、高温での優れた引張強さを付与することができる。
本発明の高速度工具鋼は、より好ましくは、硬さが45HRC~60HRCである。 The high-speed tool steel of the present invention preferably has a hardness of 45 HRC or more.
When the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is used for various tools, the tensile strength excellent in the tool can be imparted by setting the use hardness to 45 HRC or more. In particular, when used in various hot tools, excellent tensile strength at high temperatures can be imparted by setting the used hardness (hardness at room temperature) to 45 HRC or higher.
More preferably, the high-speed tool steel of the present invention has a hardness of 45 HRC to 60 HRC.
以下、本発明の高速度工具鋼のN以外の各成分について説明する。 The component composition of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is common to the component composition of the high-speed tool steel of Patent Document 1 in the basic configuration other than the N content.
Hereinafter, each component other than N of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention will be described.
Cは、Cr、Mo、W、V、Nbなどの炭化物形成元素と結合して硬い複炭化物を生成することにより、高速度工具鋼に対して耐摩耗性を付与する元素である。また、Cの一部は、基地中に固溶して基地を強化する。これにより、Cの一部は、焼入れ焼戻し後のマルテンサイト組織に硬さを付与する。しかし、過量のCは、炭化物の偏析を助長する。よって、Cの含有量は、0.40~0.90%とする。 ・ C: 0.40-0.90%
C is an element that imparts wear resistance to high-speed tool steel by combining with carbide-forming elements such as Cr, Mo, W, V, and Nb to form hard double carbide. A part of C is dissolved in the base to strengthen the base. Thereby, a part of C gives hardness to the martensitic structure after quenching and tempering. However, an excessive amount of C promotes segregation of carbides. Therefore, the C content is set to 0.40 to 0.90%.
Siは、通常、溶解工程で脱酸剤として使用され、鋳造後の鋼塊が不可避的に含有する元素である。しかし、Siの含有量が多すぎると、高速度工具鋼の靭性が低下する。よって、Siの含有量は、1.00%以下とする。なお、Siには、M2C型の棒状の一次炭化物を球状に微細化する作用がある。よって、Siの含有量は、好ましくは、0.10%以上とする。
また、Siの含有量は、以下の観点からみて、0.20%以下であることが好ましい。
即ち、Siの含有量が0.20%以下である場合には、一次炭化物を球状に微細化する作用が弱くなる傾向がある。従って、Siが0.20%以下である場合には、Siが0.20%を超える場合と比較して、Nの含有量を0.0200%以下とすることによる効果、及び、断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値を1.00μm以下とすることによる効果が一層顕著に奏される。 -Si: 1.00% or less Si is an element that is normally used as a deoxidizer in the melting step and is unavoidably contained in the steel ingot after casting. However, when there is too much content of Si, the toughness of high speed tool steel will fall. Therefore, the Si content is set to 1.00% or less. Note that the Si, an effect of refining the primary carbides in the spherical rod-shaped M 2 C type. Therefore, the Si content is preferably 0.10% or more.
Moreover, it is preferable that content of Si is 0.20% or less from the following viewpoints.
That is, when the Si content is 0.20% or less, the effect of refining the primary carbide into a spherical shape tends to be weakened. Therefore, when Si is 0.20% or less, compared with the case where Si exceeds 0.20%, the effect of making the N content 0.0200% or less, and in the cross-sectional structure The effect by making the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide of 1.00 μm or less is more remarkable.
Mnは、Siと同様、溶解工程で脱酸剤として使用され、鋳造後の鋼塊が不可避的に含有する元素である。しかし、Mnの含有量が多すぎると、A1変態点が過度に低下して、焼きなまし硬さが高くなり、高速度工具鋼の機械加工性(切削性)が低下する。よって、Mnの含有量は、1.00%以下とする。なお、Mnには、焼入性を向上させる作用がある。よって、好ましくは、0.10%以上とする。 -Mn: 1.00% or less Mn is an element that is used as a deoxidizer in the melting step, as in Si, and is unavoidably contained in the steel ingot after casting. However, when the Mn content is too large, the A 1 transformation point is excessively reduced, annealed hardness increases, machinability of high-speed tool steel (machinability) is lowered. Therefore, the Mn content is 1.00% or less. In addition, Mn has the effect | action which improves hardenability. Accordingly, the content is preferably 0.10% or more.
Crは、Cと結合して炭化物を形成し、高速度工具鋼の耐摩耗性を向上させる元素である。また、Crは、高速度工具鋼の焼入性の向上にも寄与する元素である。しかし、Crの含有量が多すぎると、縞状偏析が助長され、高速度工具鋼の靭性が低下する。よって、Crの含有量は、4.00~6.00%とする。 ・ Cr: 4.00 ~ 6.00%
Cr is an element that combines with C to form carbides and improves the wear resistance of the high-speed tool steel. Cr is an element that also contributes to improving the hardenability of the high-speed tool steel. However, when there is too much content of Cr, striped segregation is promoted and the toughness of high speed tool steel will fall. Therefore, the Cr content is 4.00 to 6.00%.
WおよびMoは、Cと結合して炭化物を形成し、また、焼入れ時に基地中に固溶して硬さを増し、高速度工具鋼の耐摩耗性を向上する元素である。但し、WおよびMoの含有量が多すぎると、縞状偏析が助長され、高速度工具鋼の靭性が低下する。 One or two of W and Mo: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W)
W and Mo are elements that combine with C to form carbides, and dissolve in the matrix during quenching to increase the hardness and improve the wear resistance of high-speed tool steel. However, when there is too much content of W and Mo, striped segregation is promoted and the toughness of high-speed tool steel will fall.
本発明の高速度工具鋼では、WおよびMoのうちの1種または2種の含有量を、関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%とする。
本発明の高速度工具鋼は、WおよびMoのうちの1種(一方)のみを含有していてもよいし、WおよびMoのうちの2種(両方)を含有していてもよい。即ち、関係式(Mo+0.5W)における「Mo」及び「W」のいずれか一方は、0%であってもよい。 Regarding the above-described effects, the contents of W and Mo refer to the contents obtained by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W). In the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), “Mo” represents the content (%) of Mo (molybdenum), and “W” represents the content (%) of W (tungsten).
In the high-speed tool steel of the present invention, the content of one or two of W and Mo is set to 1.50 to 6.00% as the content obtained by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W).
The high speed tool steel of the present invention may contain only one (one) of W and Mo, or may contain two (both) of W and Mo. That is, either “Mo” or “W” in the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W) may be 0%.
VおよびNbは、Cと結合して炭化物を形成し、高速度工具鋼の耐摩耗性および耐焼付性を向上する。また、VおよびNbは、焼入れ時に基地中に固溶し、焼戻し時に微細で凝集し難い炭化物を析出することにより、高速度工具鋼に対し、高温環境での軟化抵抗を向上し、優れた高温耐力を付与する。そして、VおよびNbは、結晶粒を微細にするとともに、A1変態点も上げて、高速度工具鋼の靭性および耐ヒートクラック性を向上させる。但し、VおよびNbの含有量が多すぎると大きな炭化物を生成して、工具として使用時のクラックの発生を助長する。 One or two of V and Nb: 0.50 to 3.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb)
V and Nb combine with C to form a carbide, and improve the wear resistance and seizure resistance of the high-speed tool steel. V and Nb are dissolved in the matrix during quenching and precipitate fine and hard-to-aggregate carbides during tempering, thereby improving softening resistance in high-temperature environments and high temperature Gives strength. Then, V and Nb, as well to the fine grain, A 1 transformation point be increased, improving the toughness and heat crack resistance of high-speed tool steel. However, when there is too much content of V and Nb, a big carbide | carbonized_material will be produced | generated and generation | occurrence | production of the crack at the time of use as a tool will be promoted.
本発明の高速度工具鋼では、VおよびNbのうちの1種または2種の含有量を、関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%とする。
関係式(V+Nb)において、「V」はV(バナジウム)の含有量(%)を表し、「Nb」はNb(ニオブ)の含有量(%)を表す。
本発明の高速度工具鋼は、VおよびNbのうちの1種(一方)のみを含有していてもよいし、VおよびNbのうちの2種(両方)を含有していてもよい。即ち、関係式(V+Nb)における「V」及び「Nb」のいずれか一方は、0%であってもよい。
関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量は、好ましくは1.50%以下である。 Regarding the above-described effects, the contents of V and Nb refer to the contents obtained by the relational expression (V + Nb).
In the high-speed tool steel of the present invention, the content of one or two of V and Nb is 0.50 to 3.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb).
In the relational expression (V + Nb), “V” represents the content (%) of V (vanadium), and “Nb” represents the content (%) of Nb (niobium).
The high speed tool steel of the present invention may contain only one (one) of V and Nb, or may contain two (both) of V and Nb. That is, either “V” or “Nb” in the relational expression (V + Nb) may be 0%.
The content obtained by the relational expression (V + Nb) is preferably 1.50% or less.
Niは、高速度工具鋼に優れた焼入性を付与する。これによって、マルテンサイトが主体の焼入れ組織を形成でき、基地自体の有する本質的な靭性を改善できる。しかし、Niの含有量が多すぎるとA1変態点が過度に低下し、高速度工具鋼の焼きなまし硬さが高くなり、高速度工具鋼の機械加工性が低下する。よって、高速度工具鋼がNiを含有する場合でも、Niの含有量は1.00%以下とすることが好ましい。そして、高速度工具鋼がNiを含有する場合、Niの含有量は0.05%以上が好ましい。 -Preferably, Ni: 1.00% or less Ni imparts excellent hardenability to the high-speed tool steel. As a result, a hardened structure mainly composed of martensite can be formed, and the essential toughness of the base itself can be improved. However, when the content of Ni is too large A 1 transformation point is excessively lowered, the higher the annealing hardness of high speed tool steel, machining of high-speed tool steel is reduced. Therefore, even when the high-speed tool steel contains Ni, the Ni content is preferably 1.00% or less. And when high-speed tool steel contains Ni, 0.05% or more of content of Ni is preferable.
Coは、使用中の工具が昇温されるときに、前記工具の表面に極めて緻密で密着性のよい保護酸化被膜を形成する効果を有する。これによって、前記工具の表面と相手材との金属接触を減少して、前記工具の表面の温度上昇が低減され、前記工具に優れた耐摩耗性をもたらす。そして、この保護酸化被膜の形成によって、断熱効果が増し、耐ヒートクラック性も向上する。しかし、Coの含有量が多すぎると、高速度工具鋼の靭性が低下する。よって、高速度工具鋼がCoを含有する場合でも、Coの含有量は5.00%以下とすることが好ましい。そして、高速度工具鋼がCoを含有する場合、Coの含有量は0.30%以上が好ましい。 -Preferably, Co: 5.00% or less Co has an effect of forming a protective oxide film having a very dense and good adhesion on the surface of the tool when the temperature of the tool in use is raised. This reduces the metal contact between the surface of the tool and the counterpart material, reduces the temperature rise on the surface of the tool, and provides the tool with excellent wear resistance. And formation of this protective oxide film increases the heat insulation effect and also improves the heat crack resistance. However, when there is too much content of Co, the toughness of high speed tool steel will fall. Therefore, even when the high-speed tool steel contains Co, the Co content is preferably 5.00% or less. And when high-speed tool steel contains Co, content of Co is preferably 0.30% or more.
Sの含有量が多すぎると高速度工具鋼の熱間加工性が阻害されるので、Sの含有量は0.0100%以下に規制することが好ましい。Sの含有量は、より好ましくは0.0050%以下である。
Pの含有量が多すぎると高速度工具鋼の靭性が劣化するので、Pの含有量は0.050%以下に規制することが好ましい。Pの含有量は、より好ましくは0.025%以下である。 In addition, the high-speed tool steel of the present invention may contain, for example, S (sulfur) and P (phosphorus) as inevitable impurity elements.
If the S content is too large, the hot workability of the high-speed tool steel is hindered, so the S content is preferably regulated to 0.0100% or less. The S content is more preferably 0.0050% or less.
If the P content is too high, the toughness of the high-speed tool steel deteriorates, so the P content is preferably regulated to 0.050% or less. The content of P is more preferably 0.025% or less.
上述の製造方法の中でも、後述する、本発明の高速度工具鋼の製造方法によれば、本発明の高速度工具鋼を特に製造し易い。 The method for producing the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is not particularly limited. For example, the steel ingot having the composition of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is subjected to soaking (preferably, the steel ingot is 1200 to 1300. Soaking by heating to ℃), cooling (preferably cooling the steel ingot after soaking) until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less, hot working (preferably after cooling) A hot working performed by reheating the steel ingot to over 900 ° C.) and quenching and tempering (preferably quenching and tempering at a quenching temperature of 900 ° C. or higher and a tempering temperature of 500 to 650 ° C.). Here, the steel material may be machined into a tool shape between hot working and quenching and tempering.
Among the manufacturing methods described above, the high-speed tool steel of the present invention is particularly easy to manufacture according to the method of manufacturing the high-speed tool steel of the present invention described later.
本発明の高速度工具鋼の製造方法(以下、「本製造方法」ともいう)は、質量%で、C:0.40~0.90%、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:1.00%以下、Cr:4.00~6.00%、WおよびMoのうちの1種または2種:関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%、並びに、VおよびNbのうちの1種または2種:関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%を含有し、Nの含有量が質量%で0.0200%以下であり、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる鋼塊を準備する準備工程と、
前記鋼塊を1200~1300℃に加熱することによって均熱処理する均熱処理工程と、
前記均熱処理工程後の前記鋼塊を該鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する過程で、少なくとも、前記表面温度が1000℃以下900℃超の範囲内に含まれる温度T1に下がった以降は、前記表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分以上となる条件で前記表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する冷却工程と、
前記冷却工程後の前記鋼塊を900℃超の熱間加工温度に再加熱し、前記再加熱した鋼塊を熱間加工して鋼材とする熱間加工工程と、
前記鋼材に焼入れ焼戻しを行う焼入れ焼戻し工程と、
を有する。 <Method for producing high-speed tool steel>
The production method of the high-speed tool steel of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “the present production method”) is mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1. 00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, one or two of W and Mo: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and 1 or 2 of V and Nb: 0.50 to 3.00% as a content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb), and N content is 0.0200% or less by mass% There is a preparation step for preparing a steel ingot with the balance being Fe and impurities,
A soaking process in which the steel ingot is soaked by heating to 1200 to 1300 ° C .;
In the process of cooling the steel ingot after the soaking process until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, at least the surface temperature falls to a temperature T1 included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C. After that, a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or more,
Reheating the steel ingot after the cooling step to a hot working temperature of more than 900 ° C., hot working the reheated steel ingot to obtain a steel material; and
A quenching and tempering step for quenching and tempering the steel material;
Have
しかし、本発明者は、前記均熱処理後の冷却過程の管理が不適切であると、未固溶または新たに析出した炭化物が粗大化する場合があることを知見した。そこで本発明者は、この冷却条件を適切に管理することで、冷却過程における前記炭化物の粗大化を抑制でき、その結果、高速度工具鋼の組織中の炭化物をより微細化できることを突きとめた。さらに本発明者は、前記適切な冷却条件による炭化物微細化の効果を維持するためには、均熱処理の対象となる鋼塊自身にも、より最適な成分組成があることを突きとめ、本発明の高速度工具鋼の製造方法に到達した。 The inventor examined details of a method of manufacturing high-speed tool steel including soaking, which is proposed in Patent Document 1. As a result, it was confirmed that high-temperature soaking at 1200 to 1300 ° C is really effective for dissolving high-speed carbides in steel ingots for high-alloy tool steels with low alloy composition as in Patent Document 1. did.
However, the present inventor has found that if the cooling process after the soaking is inappropriate, the undissolved or newly precipitated carbide may be coarsened. Therefore, the present inventor has found that by appropriately managing this cooling condition, it is possible to suppress the coarsening of the carbide in the cooling process, and as a result, it is possible to further refine the carbide in the structure of the high-speed tool steel. . Furthermore, the present inventor has determined that the steel ingot itself to be subjected to soaking has a more optimal component composition in order to maintain the effect of carbide refinement under the appropriate cooling conditions. A high-speed tool steel manufacturing method has been reached.
しかし、実際の操業においては、均熱処理が終了した直後の鋼塊を、その均熱処理温度から前記900℃以下の温度にまで3℃/分以上の冷却速度で冷却することは困難である。即ち、実際の操業においては、鋼塊を均熱炉から取り出すまでの間で、冷却速度が3℃/分未満の徐冷が進んで(つまり、均熱処理炉内で炉冷等が進んで)、前記冷却速度による冷却を始めるときには、鋼塊の表面温度が前記均熱処理温度から下がっているのが現実的である。
そして本発明者の研究によれば、前記鋼塊の表面温度が1000℃付近にまで下がってきたときには、既に多くのVやNbの炭化物が析出しており、かつ、成長も始まっていることがわかった。 First, according to the method of Patent Document 1, the carbide crystallized in the steel ingot can be dissolved in the matrix by soaking at 1200 to 1300 ° C., which is the next step. And, in the cooling process after the soaking process, the precipitation and growth of carbides of V and Nb can be suppressed by cooling until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more. Is possible.
However, in actual operation, it is difficult to cool the steel ingot immediately after the soaking process from the soaking temperature to the temperature of 900 ° C. or less at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more. That is, in actual operation, slow cooling at a cooling rate of less than 3 ° C./min proceeds until the steel ingot is removed from the soaking furnace (that is, furnace cooling progresses in the soaking furnace). When starting cooling at the cooling rate, it is realistic that the surface temperature of the steel ingot is lowered from the soaking temperature.
According to the research of the present inventor, when the surface temperature of the steel ingot has decreased to around 1000 ° C., a large amount of carbides of V and Nb have already precipitated, and the growth has started. all right.
本製造方法によれば、例えば、断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値が1.00μm以下である高速度工具鋼(例えば、上述の本発明の高速度工具鋼)を製造することができる。 Therefore, in this production method, a steel ingot having a N content of 0.0200% or less is used as a steel ingot to be subjected to soaking, and at least the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 1000 ° C. or less and over 900 ° C. After the temperature T1 falls within the range, a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature becomes 3 ° C./min or more is obtained. Miniaturization can be achieved more reliably. For this reason, according to this manufacturing method, compared with the conventional high speed tool steel (for example, the high speed tool steel of patent document 1), the high speed tool steel in which the toughness was further improved can be manufactured. .
According to this manufacturing method, for example, a high-speed tool steel (for example, the above-described high-speed tool steel of the present invention) having a maximum equivalent circle diameter of carbide in a cross-sectional structure of 1.00 μm or less can be manufactured. it can.
準備工程は、質量%で、C:0.40~0.90%、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:1.00%以下、Cr:4.00~6.00%、WおよびMoのうちの1種または2種:関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%、並びに、VおよびNbのうちの1種または2種:関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%を含有し、Nの含有量が質量%で0.0200%以下であり、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる鋼塊を準備する工程である。
準備工程は、便宜上の工程である。
準備工程は、鋼塊を製造する工程であってもよいし、高速度工具鋼の製造に先立って予め製造しておいた鋼塊を準備する工程であってもよい。 -Preparation process-
The preparatory process is, by mass%, C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, W and Mo. One or two of them: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and one or two of V and Nb: by the relational expression (V + Nb) This is a step of preparing a steel ingot containing 0.50 to 3.00% as the required content, the N content being 0.0200% or less by mass, and the balance being Fe and impurities.
The preparation process is a process for convenience.
The preparation step may be a step of manufacturing a steel ingot, or a step of preparing a steel ingot that has been manufactured in advance prior to the manufacture of high-speed tool steel.
鋼塊中のNの含有量を、大気溶解のみによって0.0200%以下に低下させようとする場合、溶解前の原料としてNの含有量が低減された高級な原料を使用しなくてはならず、コスト面で不利である。
そこで、本製造方法において、準備工程で準備する鋼塊は、脱酸精錬法によって精錬された溶鋼を鋳造することによって得られた鋼塊であることが好ましい。
脱酸精錬法としては、LF法、ASEA-SKF法、VAD法、VOD法等の各種取鍋製錬法;RH法、DH法等の各種真空脱ガス法;が挙げられる。 By the way, in actual operation, there is a large amount of molten steel to be melted at a time. For this reason, it is not easy to reduce the N content in the steel ingot to 0.0200% or less only by air dissolution.
When trying to reduce the N content in the steel ingot to 0.0200% or less only by air melting, a high-grade raw material with a reduced N content must be used as the raw material before melting. It is disadvantageous in terms of cost.
Therefore, in this production method, the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is preferably a steel ingot obtained by casting molten steel refined by a deoxidation refining method.
Examples of the deoxidation refining method include various ladle smelting methods such as LF method, ASEA-SKF method, VAD method and VOD method; various vacuum degassing methods such as RH method and DH method.
そこで、準備工程で準備する鋼塊は、脱酸精錬法によって精錬された溶鋼を鋳造して再溶解用電極を得、得られた再溶解用電極を用いて再溶解法によって得られた鋼塊であることがより好ましい。再溶解法の実施によって、鋼塊中の偏析を改善することができる。
再溶解法としては、エレクトロスラグ再溶解法、真空アーク再溶解法、プラズマアーク再溶解法、電子ビーム再溶解法等が挙げられる。特にエレクトロスラグ再溶解法は、スラグを用いることから、S等の不純物元素の低減に有利である。 In actual operation, since each steel ingot is large, segregation in the steel ingot may be increased.
Therefore, the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is a steel ingot obtained by remelting using the obtained remelting electrode by casting molten steel refined by the deoxidation refining method to obtain a remelting electrode. It is more preferable that By performing the remelting method, segregation in the steel ingot can be improved.
Examples of the remelting method include an electroslag remelting method, a vacuum arc remelting method, a plasma arc remelting method, and an electron beam remelting method. In particular, since the electroslag remelting method uses slag, it is advantageous in reducing impurity elements such as S.
均熱処理工程は、準備工程で準備した鋼塊を、1200~1300℃に加熱することによって均熱処理する工程である。
均熱処理工程では、特許文献1の手法と同様、前記成分組成の鋼塊を1200~1300℃の高温で均熱処理することにより、鋳造時の巨大炭化物を固溶させ、かつ、その組成成分を固溶拡散させて、炭化物の分布を改善することができる。
均熱処理の温度は、1200~1300℃であるが、1260~1300℃であることが好ましい。
また、均熱処理の時間は、10~20時間が好ましい。
なお、高速度工具鋼の一般的な均熱処理の温度が1150℃前後であるのに対して、本製造方法の均熱処理工程における均熱処理の温度は、一般的な均熱処理の温度よりも高い。 -Soaking process-
The soaking process is a process of soaking by heating the steel ingot prepared in the preparation process to 1200 to 1300 ° C.
In the soaking process, as in the method of Patent Document 1, the steel ingot having the above-described composition is soaked at a high temperature of 1200 to 1300 ° C., so that the huge carbides at the time of casting are dissolved, and the composition components are solidified. It can be dissolved and diffused to improve the distribution of carbides.
The temperature for soaking is 1200 to 1300 ° C., preferably 1260 to 1300 ° C.
The soaking time is preferably 10 to 20 hours.
In addition, while the temperature of general soaking of high-speed tool steel is around 1150 ° C., the temperature of soaking in the soaking process of this production method is higher than the temperature of general soaking.
冷却工程は、均熱処理工程後の鋼塊をこの鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する過程で、少なくとも、鋼塊の表面温度が1000℃以下900℃超の範囲内に含まれる温度T1に下がった以降は、鋼塊の表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分以上となる条件で鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する工程である。
冷却工程では、鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで3℃/分以上の冷却速度で冷却する。この冷却工程は、VやNbの炭化物が析出して成長しやすい900℃までの温度範囲を速く通過することで、粒径の大きい炭化物の形成を減少し、好ましくは、基地中に微細に分散した小粒径の炭化物のみを形成させる工程である。
但し、前述のとおり、均熱処理が終了した鋼塊を、その均熱処理温度を保った時点から900℃以下の温度にまで3℃/分以上の冷却速度で冷却することは困難である。
そこで、本製造方法では、均熱処理の対象となる鋼塊に含まれるNの含有量を0.0200%以下にすることで、冷却中の炭化物の析出および成長温度を、1000℃付近にまで下げることに成功した。 -Cooling process-
The cooling step is a process in which the steel ingot after the soaking process is cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, and at least the surface temperature of the steel ingot is included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C. After the temperature T1 is lowered, the steel ingot is cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 3 ° C./min or more.
In the cooling step, the steel ingot is cooled at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less. This cooling process reduces the formation of carbides with a large particle size by passing quickly through a temperature range up to 900 ° C. where V and Nb carbides are likely to precipitate and grow, and is preferably finely dispersed in the matrix. This is a step of forming only a small particle size carbide.
However, as described above, it is difficult to cool the steel ingot after soaking at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more from the time when the soaking temperature is maintained to a temperature of 900 ° C. or less.
Therefore, in this production method, the precipitation and growth temperature of carbide during cooling is lowered to around 1000 ° C. by setting the N content in the steel ingot to be subjected to soaking to 0.0200% or less. Succeeded.
すなわち、本製造方法における冷却工程は、均熱処理工程後の鋼塊をこの鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する過程で、少なくとも、前記表面温度が1000℃以下900℃超の範囲内に含まれる温度T1に下がった以降は、前記表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分以上となる条件で前記表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する。 In this production method, the steel ingot in which the N content is reduced to 0.0200% or less is soaked, so that in the cooling step after soaking, cooling from the soaking temperature to around 1000 ° C. is performed. Even if the cooling is performed at a slow cooling rate of less than 3 ° C./minute, if the subsequent cooling to 900 ° C. or less is performed at a fast cooling rate of 3 ° C./minute or more, the refinement of carbide can be effectively performed. Can be achieved.
That is, the cooling step in this production method is a process in which the steel ingot after the soaking process is cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, and at least the surface temperature is 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C. After the temperature T1 is lowered, cooling is performed until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or lower under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or higher.
前記3℃/分以上の冷却速度は、鋼塊を均熱処理炉から取り出して、例えば空冷(放冷)や、ファン冷却することによって達成できる。
鋼塊の表面温度が前記温度T1に下がるまでの冷却を、表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分未満となる条件で行う態様は、均熱処理後の鋼塊の取り扱い時間に余裕ができるので、高速度工具鋼の製造がより容易となるという利点を有する。 In the cooling step, the cooling until the surface temperature of the steel ingot is lowered to the temperature T1 may be performed under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C / min. The cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C / min. You may carry out on the conditions which become the above.
The cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more can be achieved by removing the steel ingot from the soaking furnace and cooling it with air (cooling) or cooling with a fan, for example.
In the embodiment in which the cooling until the surface temperature of the steel ingot is lowered to the temperature T1 is performed under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C./min, the handling time of the steel ingot after soaking can be afforded. It has the advantage that the production of high-speed tool steel is easier.
また、冷却工程は、少なくとも、鋼塊の表面温度が1000℃に下がった以降は、鋼塊の表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分以上となる条件で鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する工程であることがより好ましい。 In the cooling step, at least after the surface temperature of the steel ingot has decreased to 950 ° C., until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 3 ° C./min or more. A cooling step is preferred.
In the cooling step, at least after the surface temperature of the steel ingot has decreased to 1000 ° C., the surface temperature of the steel ingot is set to 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature of the steel ingot is 3 ° C./min or more. It is more preferable that it is the process of cooling until it becomes.
また、冷却工程において、温度T1に下がった以降の冷却速度の上限には特に制限はないが、上限は、100℃/分が好ましく、80℃/分がより好ましい。 Further, in the cooling step, the cooling rate after the temperature T1 is lowered is 3 ° C./min or more, but this cooling rate is preferably 10 ° C./min or more, more preferably 20 ° C./min or more, and 30 ° C./min. Min. Or more is more preferable, and 40 ° C./min or more is particularly preferable.
In the cooling step, the upper limit of the cooling rate after the temperature T1 is lowered is not particularly limited, but the upper limit is preferably 100 ° C./min, and more preferably 80 ° C./min.
熱間加工工程は、前記冷却工程後の鋼塊を900℃超の熱間加工温度に再加熱し、再加熱した鋼塊を熱間加工して鋼材とする工程である。前記熱間加工温度とは、前記熱間加工を開始する温度である。
熱間加工工程で行う再加熱および熱間加工は、特許文献1と同じ要領で行えばよい。例えば、熱間加工は、鋼塊の有する鋳造組織を改善すること、所定の鋼材寸法に整えること等を目的にして行う。熱間加工は、通常実施されている鍛造や圧延等の分塊条件等に従って行えばよい。
前記冷却工程後の鋼塊の熱間加工温度は900℃超であるが、950℃以上が好ましく、1000℃以上がより好ましく、1050℃以上が特に好ましい。
前記冷却工程後の鋼塊の熱間加工温度の上限には特に制限はないが、上限は、1250℃が好ましく、1200℃がより好ましく、1150℃が特に好ましい。 -Hot working process-
The hot working step is a step in which the steel ingot after the cooling step is reheated to a hot working temperature exceeding 900 ° C., and the reheated steel ingot is hot worked to obtain a steel material. The hot working temperature is a temperature at which the hot working is started.
The reheating and hot working performed in the hot working process may be performed in the same manner as in Patent Document 1. For example, the hot working is performed for the purpose of improving the cast structure of the steel ingot, adjusting to a predetermined steel material size, and the like. What is necessary is just to perform hot processing according to the lump conditions, such as forging and rolling currently implemented normally.
The hot working temperature of the steel ingot after the cooling step is higher than 900 ° C, preferably 950 ° C or higher, more preferably 1000 ° C or higher, and particularly preferably 1050 ° C or higher.
The upper limit of the hot working temperature of the steel ingot after the cooling step is not particularly limited, but the upper limit is preferably 1250 ° C, more preferably 1200 ° C, and particularly preferably 1150 ° C.
焼入れ焼戻し工程は、前記熱間加工によって得られた鋼材に焼入れ焼戻しを行う工程である。焼入れ焼戻し後の鋼材は、組織中に含まれる炭化物が微細に調整されており、優れた靭性を有している。
焼入れ焼戻し工程における焼入れ焼戻しは、特許文献1と同じ要領で行えばよく、通常実施されている条件等に従って行えばよい。
焼入れ焼戻し工程における焼入れ焼戻しにおいて、焼入れ温度は、900℃以上の範囲から適宜選択することができる。焼入れ温度は、950℃以上がより好ましく、1000℃以上がさらに好ましい。焼入れ温度の上限には特に制限はないが、1250℃が好ましく、1200℃がより好ましい。
焼入れ焼戻し工程における焼入れ焼戻しにおいて、焼戻し温度は、500~650℃の範囲から適宜選択することができる。 -Quenching and tempering process-
The quenching and tempering step is a step of quenching and tempering the steel material obtained by the hot working. The steel material after quenching and tempering has fine toughness in carbides contained in the structure and has excellent toughness.
Quenching and tempering in the quenching and tempering step may be performed in the same manner as in Patent Document 1, and may be performed in accordance with conditions or the like that are normally performed.
In the quenching and tempering in the quenching and tempering step, the quenching temperature can be appropriately selected from a range of 900 ° C. or higher. The quenching temperature is more preferably 950 ° C. or higher, further preferably 1000 ° C. or higher. Although there is no restriction | limiting in particular in the upper limit of quenching temperature, 1250 degreeC is preferable and 1200 degreeC is more preferable.
In the quenching and tempering in the quenching and tempering step, the tempering temperature can be appropriately selected from the range of 500 to 650 ° C.
即ち、本工程における焼入れ焼戻し後の鋼材の硬さは、45HRC以上(より好ましくは45~60HRC)であることが好ましい。 The quenching and tempering step is preferably a step of adjusting the hardness of the steel material to 45 HRC or more (more preferably 45 to 60 HRC) by quenching and tempering.
That is, the hardness of the steel material after quenching and tempering in this step is preferably 45 HRC or more (more preferably 45 to 60 HRC).
本製造方法は、前記熱間加工工程後であって前記焼入れ焼戻し工程前に、前記鋼材を工具形状に機械加工する機械加工工程をさらに有し、前記焼入れ焼戻し工程は、工具形状に機械加工された鋼材に対して焼入れ焼戻しを行う工程であってもよい。
本製造方法がかかる態様であると、工具形状の鋼材(即ち、工具製品)を効率的に製造できる。即ち、鋼材を用いてダイス、パンチ等の工具製品を作製することを考えれば、熱間加工後の鋼材の状態は、硬さが低い焼鈍状態であることが好ましい。この焼鈍状態の鋼材を機械加工してから焼入れ焼戻しを行うことが、工具製品の製造にとって効率的である。 -Machining process-
The manufacturing method further includes a machining step of machining the steel material into a tool shape after the hot working step and before the quenching and tempering step, and the quenching and tempering step is machined into a tool shape. It may be a step of quenching and tempering the steel material.
When this manufacturing method is such an embodiment, a tool-shaped steel material (that is, a tool product) can be efficiently manufactured. That is, considering the production of tool products such as dies and punches using steel, it is preferable that the state of the steel after hot working is an annealed state with low hardness. Performing quenching and tempering after machining this annealed steel material is efficient for the manufacture of tool products.
大気溶解法によって、所定の成分組成に調整された溶鋼を準備した。
本発明例(鋼塊A)に供する溶鋼については、前記溶鋼に対し、さらに、取鍋製錬法による精錬も実施して、Nの含有量を低く調整した。
次に、溶鋼(本発明例に供する溶鋼についてはNの含有量を低く調整した後の溶鋼)を鋳造して、エレクトロスラグ再溶解用の電極(再溶解用電極)に仕上げた。次に、前記電極にエレクトロスラグ再溶解を実施して、表1の成分組成を有し、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる高速度工具鋼の鋼塊A及び鋼塊Bを作製した。 [Example 1]
The molten steel adjusted to the predetermined component composition was prepared by the atmospheric melting method.
About the molten steel provided to the example of this invention (steel ingot A), refinement | purification by the ladle smelting method was further implemented with respect to the said molten steel, and N content was adjusted low.
Next, molten steel (molten steel after the N content was adjusted low for molten steel to be used in the present invention) was cast to finish an electrode for remelting electroslag (remelting electrode). Next, the electrode was subjected to electroslag remelting to produce steel ingot A and steel ingot B of high-speed tool steel having the composition shown in Table 1 and the balance being Fe and impurities.
冷却条件1は、均熱処理が完了した鋼塊を、この鋼塊の表面温度が均熱処理温度(1280℃)から1200℃に下がるまで徐冷(冷却速度:0.5℃/分)し、鋼塊の表面温度が1200℃に下がった以降は、ファン冷却による空冷(冷却速度:約50℃/分)によって鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する条件である。
冷却条件2は、冷却条件1において、徐冷から空冷に切り替える温度を、冷却条件1の1200℃から1100℃に変更した条件である。
冷却条件3は、冷却条件1において、徐冷から空冷に切り替える温度を、冷却条件1の1200℃から1000℃に変更した条件である。
冷却条件4は、冷却条件1において、徐冷から空冷に切り替える温度を、冷却条件1の1200℃から900℃に変更した条件である。 Each of the steel ingot A and the steel ingot B is subjected to a soaking treatment that is held at 1280 ° C. for 10 hours (soaking treatment step), and then cooling under any one of the cooling conditions 1 to 4 shown in FIG. Performed (cooling step).
Cooling condition 1 is that a steel ingot that has undergone soaking is gradually cooled (cooling rate: 0.5 ° C./min) until the surface temperature of this ingot decreases from the soaking temperature (1280 ° C.) to 1200 ° C. After the surface temperature of the ingot has decreased to 1200 ° C., cooling is performed until the surface temperature of the ingot is 900 ° C. or less by air cooling (cooling rate: about 50 ° C./min) by fan cooling.
The cooling condition 2 is a condition in which the temperature for switching from slow cooling to air cooling in the cooling condition 1 is changed from 1200 ° C. in the cooling condition 1 to 1100 ° C.
The cooling condition 3 is a condition in which the temperature for switching from slow cooling to air cooling in the cooling condition 1 is changed from 1200 ° C. in the cooling condition 1 to 1000 ° C.
The cooling condition 4 is a condition in which the temperature for switching from slow cooling to air cooling in the cooling condition 1 is changed from 1200 ° C. in the cooling condition 1 to 900 ° C.
まず、鋼塊から採取した各試料の断面組織を走査型電子顕微鏡(倍率50倍)で観察し、この観察した視野をEPMAで分析した。そして、炭化物を形成するVおよびNbの含有量に基づいて、前記分析結果に対し、10カウント(cps)以上のVおよびNbの検出強度を閾(しきい)値とした二値化処理を行った。これにより、断面組織中に分布するVおよびNbの炭化物を示した二値化画像を得た。
図2に、各鋼塊についての二値化画像を示す。図2において、炭化物は、黒色の分布で示されている。
図2に示すように、冷却条件1で冷却された鋼塊A、冷却条件2で冷却された鋼塊A、冷却条件3で冷却された鋼塊A、冷却条件1で冷却された鋼塊B、および冷却条件2で冷却された鋼塊Bでは、黒色の分布(炭化物の明確な存在)が確認されなかった。 About each steel ingot after the said cooling process, the distribution condition (solid solution state in a base | substrate) in a structure | tissue was investigated as follows.
First, the cross-sectional structure of each sample collected from the steel ingot was observed with a scanning electron microscope (magnification 50 times), and the observed visual field was analyzed with EPMA. Then, based on the contents of V and Nb that form carbides, a binarization process is performed on the analysis result with the detected intensity of V and Nb being 10 counts (cps) or more as a threshold value. It was. Thereby, the binarized image which showed the carbide | carbonized_material of V and Nb distributed in a cross-sectional structure | tissue was obtained.
In FIG. 2, the binarized image about each steel ingot is shown. In FIG. 2, the carbides are shown with a black distribution.
As shown in FIG. 2, the steel ingot A cooled in the cooling condition 1, the steel ingot A cooled in the cooling condition 2, the steel ingot A cooled in the cooling condition 3, and the steel ingot B cooled in the cooling condition 1 In the steel ingot B cooled under the cooling condition 2, no black distribution (a clear presence of carbide) was confirmed.
これに対して、Nの含有量が0.0200%を超える鋼塊Bの場合、鋼塊の表面温度が1000℃に下がるまで徐冷してしまうと(冷却条件3)、鋼塊の表面温度が1000℃に下がった以降に3℃/分以上の冷却速度で冷却しても、炭化物が明確に確認された。
これら結果は、高速度工具鋼中のNの含有量を0.0200%以下とすることにより(鋼塊A)、冷却中の炭化物の析出および成長温度が1000℃付近にまで下がったことによる。 From FIG. 2, in the case of a steel ingot A having a N content of 0.0200% or less, the surface temperature of the steel ingot is reduced before cooling at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more in the cooling process after soaking. Even if it was gradually cooled to 1000 ° C. (cooling condition 3), large carbides could not be confirmed in the steel ingot structure after cooling. And this result was the same also about what adjusted N content of the steel ingot A to the level of 150 ppm and 180 ppm (not shown).
On the other hand, in the case of the steel ingot B in which the N content exceeds 0.0200%, if the steel ingot is gradually cooled until the surface temperature of the steel ingot decreases to 1000 ° C. (cooling condition 3), the surface temperature of the steel ingot After cooling down to 1000 ° C., carbides were clearly confirmed even when cooled at a cooling rate of 3 ° C./min or more.
These results are attributed to the fact that the precipitation and growth temperature of carbide during cooling was lowered to around 1000 ° C. by setting the N content in the high-speed tool steel to 0.0200% or less (steel ingot A).
実施例1において、冷却条件1(均熱処理後、1200℃まで徐冷)で冷却された鋼塊A(N:0.0128%)および冷却条件1(均熱処理後、1200℃まで徐冷)で冷却された鋼塊B(N:0.0296%)を、それぞれ1100℃の熱間加工温度に再加熱し、再加熱した鋼塊に熱間プレスおよび熱間圧延を行って、分塊加工した。分塊加工後の各鋼塊(鋼片)に対して熱間圧延を行い、断面直径が100mmの丸棒鋼材に仕上げた(以上、熱間加工工程)。 [Example 2]
In Example 1, the steel ingot A (N: 0.0128%) cooled under cooling condition 1 (after soaking and gradually cooled to 1200 ° C.) and cooling condition 1 (after soaking and gradually cooled to 1200 ° C.) Each of the cooled steel ingot B (N: 0.0296%) was reheated to a hot working temperature of 1100 ° C., and the reheated steel ingot was subjected to hot pressing and hot rolling to perform the ingot processing. . Each steel ingot (steel slab) after the batch processing was hot-rolled to finish a round bar steel material having a cross-sectional diameter of 100 mm (hot processing step).
以上により、本発明例の評価用試料(鋼塊Aを用いて作製された高速度工具鋼)および比較例の評価用試料(鋼塊Bを用いて作製された高速度工具鋼)をそれぞれ得た。 Next, a part is sampled from each round bar steel material, and the sampled part is subjected to quenching from 1080 ° C. and tempering at 560 ° C., and an evaluation sample (high speed tool steel) adjusted to a hardness of 56 HRC. Was obtained (quenching and tempering step).
By the above, the sample for evaluation of the present invention example (high-speed tool steel produced using the steel ingot A) and the sample for evaluation of the comparative example (high-speed tool steel produced using the steel ingot B) are obtained, respectively. It was.
まず、前記評価用試料の断面組織を走査型電子顕微鏡(倍率4000倍)で観察した。
図3は、本発明例の評価用試料(鋼塊Aを用いて作製された高速度工具鋼)の断面組織の走査型電子顕微鏡写真であり、図4は、比較例の評価用試料(鋼塊Bを用いて作製された高速度工具鋼)の断面組織の走査型電子顕微鏡写真である。
図3中及び図4中には、固溶しないで基地中に残った炭化物(未固溶炭化物)が確認できる。 Next, the carbide distribution in the cross-sectional structure of the evaluation sample was examined as follows.
First, the cross-sectional structure of the sample for evaluation was observed with a scanning electron microscope (magnification 4000 times).
FIG. 3 is a scanning electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure of the sample for evaluation of the present invention example (high-speed tool steel produced using the steel ingot A), and FIG. 4 is the sample for evaluation of the comparative example (steel) It is the scanning electron micrograph of the cross-sectional structure | tissue of the high speed tool steel produced using the lump B. FIG.
In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the carbide | carbonized_material (non-solid solution carbide | carbonized_material) which remained in the base | substrate, without being dissolved can be confirmed.
そして、これらの組織画像に対し、画像解析ソフトウェア(オリンパス株式会社製ソフトウェアSCANDIUM)を用い、基地と炭化物とのコントラストを際立ださせる画像処理を施した。これにより、基地と炭化物とを識別し、炭化物の粒度分布を測定した。
炭化物の粒度分布は、炭化物の円相当径と個数密度(個/mm2)との関係を調べることによって測定した。
図5は、炭化物の円相当径と個数密度(個/mm2)との関係を示すグラフである。
図5中、「計176×103個/mm2」および「計180×103個/mm2」との表記は、円相当径毎の個数密度を加算することによって求められた、炭化物全体の個数密度(個/mm2)を示している。 Next, the visual field observed above was analyzed by EPMA, and a tissue image having a number of pixels per visual field of 1200 × 1000 [area 29.19 μm × 23.92 μm]) was obtained. Tissue images were obtained for 10 visual fields per evaluation sample (total area 6982.2 μm 2 per evaluation sample).
These tissue images were subjected to image processing using image analysis software (Software SCANDIUM manufactured by Olympus Corporation) to highlight the contrast between the base and the carbide. Thereby, the base and the carbide were identified, and the particle size distribution of the carbide was measured.
The particle size distribution of the carbide was measured by examining the relationship between the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide and the number density (pieces / mm 2 ).
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the equivalent circle diameter of carbide and the number density (pieces / mm 2 ).
In FIG. 5, the notations “total 176 × 10 3 pieces / mm 2 ” and “total 180 × 10 3 pieces / mm 2 ” are the total carbides obtained by adding the number density for each equivalent circle diameter. The number density (pieces / mm 2 ) is shown.
一方、比較例の評価用試料(高速度工具鋼)では、円相当径が1.00μmを超える炭化物が少なくなかった。
以上のように、本発明例の高速度工具鋼における炭化物は、比較例の高速度工具鋼の炭化物に比べて微細であることがわかった。そして本発明例の高速度工具鋼では、炭化物全体の個数密度が80×103個/mm2以上であり、微細な炭化物が多量に形成されていた。 As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, in the evaluation sample (high speed tool steel) of the example of the present invention, the maximum value of the equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure was 1.00 μm or less.
On the other hand, in the sample for evaluation of the comparative example (high speed tool steel), there were many carbides having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 1.00 μm.
As mentioned above, it turned out that the carbide | carbonized_material in the high speed tool steel of the example of this invention is fine compared with the carbide | carbonized_material of the high speed tool steel of a comparative example. In the high-speed tool steel of the example of the present invention, the number density of the entire carbide was 80 × 10 3 pieces / mm 2 or more, and a large amount of fine carbide was formed.
シャルピー衝撃試験の試験片のノッチ形状は10Rとした。
シャルピー衝撃試験の試験片としては、前記丸棒鋼材の長さ方向(熱間加工方向)と試験片の長さが合うように採取した試験片と、前記丸棒鋼材の断面径方向に試験片の長さが合うように採取した試験片と、の2種類を用いた。
そして、前記2種類の試験片につき、採取位置が異なる3つの試験片(TP1、TP2、TP3)をそれぞれ準備して、シャルピー衝撃試験を実施した。
シャルピー衝撃試験の試験結果を表2に示す。 Next, the toughness was evaluated by conducting a Charpy impact test for each of the evaluation sample of the present invention and the evaluation sample of the comparative example.
The notch shape of the specimen for the Charpy impact test was 10R.
As a test piece for the Charpy impact test, a test piece taken so that the length direction (hot working direction) of the round bar steel material matches the length of the test piece, and the test piece in the cross-sectional radial direction of the round bar steel product Two types of test pieces collected so as to have the same length were used.
Then, three test pieces (TP1, TP2, TP3) having different sampling positions were prepared for the two types of test pieces, and a Charpy impact test was performed.
Table 2 shows the results of the Charpy impact test.
図6に示すように、本発明例の高速度工具鋼の場合、破面の起点には衝撃値を低めるような大きな要因は確認されなかった。
一方、図7に示すように、比較例の高速度工具鋼の場合、破面の起点(丸囲み部)には円相当径で1.00μmを超える大きな炭化物が確認された。つまり、この大きな炭化物が破壊の起点となり、比較例の高速度工具鋼の靭性を低めていたことを確認した。 6 and 7 are scanning types showing fracture surfaces near the notch after the Charpy impact test of the test piece TP2 taken in the cross-sectional radial direction of the round bar steel material for the high-speed tool steels of the present invention and the comparative example, respectively. It is an electron micrograph.
As shown in FIG. 6, in the case of the high-speed tool steel of the example of the present invention, no major factor for lowering the impact value was confirmed at the starting point of the fracture surface.
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 7, in the case of the high-speed tool steel of the comparative example, large carbides having an equivalent circle diameter exceeding 1.00 μm were confirmed at the fracture surface starting point (rounded portion). That is, it was confirmed that this large carbide was the starting point of fracture, and the toughness of the high-speed tool steel of the comparative example was lowered.
本明細書に記載された全ての文献、特許出願、および技術規格は、個々の文献、特許出願、および技術規格が参照により取り込まれることが具体的かつ個々に記された場合と同程度に、本明細書中に参照により取り込まれる。 The disclosure of Japanese application 2013-201392 filed on September 27, 2013 is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
All documents, patent applications, and technical standards mentioned in this specification are to the same extent as if each individual document, patent application, and technical standard were specifically and individually described to be incorporated by reference, Incorporated herein by reference.
Claims (14)
- 質量%で、C:0.40~0.90%、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:1.00%以下、Cr:4.00~6.00%、WおよびMoのうちの1種または2種:関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%、並びに、VおよびNbのうちの1種または2種:関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%を含有し、Nの含有量が質量%で0.0200%以下であり、残部がFeおよび不純物からなり、断面組織中の炭化物の円相当径の最大値が1.00μm以下である高速度工具鋼。 % By mass: C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, one of W and Mo Or 2 types: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and 1 or 2 types of V and Nb: the content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb) 0.50 to 3.00% as the content, N content is 0.0200% or less by mass, the balance is Fe and impurities, and the maximum equivalent circle diameter of the carbide in the cross-sectional structure is High speed tool steel of 1.00 μm or less.
- 質量%で、Ni:1.00%以下をさらに含有する請求項1に記載の高速度工具鋼。 The high-speed tool steel according to claim 1, further comprising Ni: 1.00% or less in mass%.
- 質量%で、Co:5.00%以下をさらに含有する請求項1または請求項2に記載の高速度工具鋼。 The high-speed tool steel according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising, by mass%, Co: 5.00% or less.
- Siの含有量が、質量%で0.20%以下である請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼。 The high-speed tool steel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the Si content is 0.20% or less by mass.
- 硬さが45HRC以上である請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼。 The high-speed tool steel according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hardness is 45 HRC or more.
- 質量%で、C:0.40~0.90%、Si:1.00%以下、Mn:1.00%以下、Cr:4.00~6.00%、WおよびMoのうちの1種または2種:関係式(Mo+0.5W)によって求められる含有量として1.50~6.00%、並びに、VおよびNbのうちの1種または2種:関係式(V+Nb)によって求められる含有量として0.50~3.00%を含有し、Nの含有量が質量%で0.0200%以下であり、残部がFeおよび不純物からなる鋼塊を準備する準備工程と、
前記鋼塊を1200~1300℃に加熱することによって均熱処理する均熱処理工程と、
前記均熱処理工程後の前記鋼塊を該鋼塊の表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する過程で、少なくとも、前記表面温度が1000℃以下900℃超の範囲内に含まれる温度T1に下がった以降は、前記表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分以上となる条件で前記表面温度が900℃以下になるまで冷却する冷却工程と、
前記冷却工程後の前記鋼塊を900℃超の熱間加工温度に再加熱し、前記再加熱した鋼塊を熱間加工して鋼材とする熱間加工工程と、
前記鋼材に焼入れ焼戻しを行う焼入れ焼戻し工程と、
を有する高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 % By mass: C: 0.40 to 0.90%, Si: 1.00% or less, Mn: 1.00% or less, Cr: 4.00 to 6.00%, one of W and Mo Or 2 types: 1.50 to 6.00% as the content determined by the relational expression (Mo + 0.5W), and 1 or 2 types of V and Nb: the content determined by the relational expression (V + Nb) As a preparatory step for preparing a steel ingot containing 0.50 to 3.00%, N content is 0.0200% by mass or less, and the balance is Fe and impurities;
A soaking process in which the steel ingot is soaked by heating to 1200 to 1300 ° C .;
In the process of cooling the steel ingot after the soaking process until the surface temperature of the steel ingot becomes 900 ° C. or lower, at least the surface temperature falls to a temperature T1 included in the range of 1000 ° C. or lower and over 900 ° C. After that, a cooling step of cooling until the surface temperature becomes 900 ° C. or less under the condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is 3 ° C./min or more,
Reheating the steel ingot after the cooling step to a hot working temperature of more than 900 ° C., hot working the reheated steel ingot to obtain a steel material; and
A quenching and tempering step for quenching and tempering the steel material;
The manufacturing method of the high-speed tool steel which has. - 前記冷却工程は、前記鋼塊の表面温度が前記温度T1に下がるまでは、前記鋼塊を、前記表面温度の冷却速度が3℃/分未満となる条件で冷却する請求項6に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The high cooling according to claim 6, wherein the cooling step cools the steel ingot under a condition that the cooling rate of the surface temperature is less than 3 ° C./min until the surface temperature of the steel ingot decreases to the temperature T1. Manufacturing method of speed tool steel.
- 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、脱酸精錬法によって精錬された溶鋼を鋳造することによって得られた鋼塊である請求項6または請求項7に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to claim 6 or 7, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is a steel ingot obtained by casting molten steel refined by a deoxidation refining method.
- 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、脱酸精錬法によって精錬された溶鋼を鋳造して再溶解用電極を得、得られた再溶解用電極を用いて再溶解法によって得られた鋼塊である請求項8に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The steel ingot prepared in the preparation step is obtained by casting a molten steel refined by a deoxidation refining method to obtain a remelting electrode, and using the obtained remelting electrode, a steel ingot obtained by a remelting method The method for producing a high-speed tool steel according to claim 8.
- 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、質量%で、Ni:1.00%以下をさらに含有する請求項6~請求項9のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The high-speed tool steel manufacturing method according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step further contains Ni: 1.00% or less in mass%.
- 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、質量%で、Co:5.00%以下をさらに含有する請求項6~請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step further contains Co: 5.00% or less in mass%.
- 前記準備工程で準備する前記鋼塊は、Siの含有量が、質量%で0.20%以下である請求項6~請求項11のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of claims 6 to 11, wherein the steel ingot prepared in the preparation step has a Si content of 0.20% or less by mass%.
- 前記焼入れ焼戻し工程は、前記焼入れ焼戻しにより、鋼材の硬さを45HRC以上に調整する請求項6~請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of claims 6 to 12, wherein the quenching and tempering step adjusts the hardness of the steel material to 45 HRC or more by the quenching and tempering.
- 前記熱間加工工程後であって前記焼入れ焼戻し工程前に、前記鋼材を工具形状に機械加工する機械加工工程をさらに有し、
前記焼入れ焼戻し工程は、工具形状に機械加工された鋼材に対して焼入れ焼戻しを行う請求項6~請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の高速度工具鋼の製造方法。 After the hot working step and before the quenching and tempering step, further comprising a machining step for machining the steel material into a tool shape,
The method for producing high-speed tool steel according to any one of claims 6 to 13, wherein the quenching and tempering step performs quenching and tempering on a steel material machined into a tool shape.
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JP2015538960A JP6474348B2 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-06-24 | High speed tool steel and manufacturing method thereof |
EP14847363.0A EP3050986B1 (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-06-24 | High-speed-tool steel and method for producing same |
CN201480052482.3A CN105579604A (en) | 2013-09-27 | 2014-06-24 | High-speed-tool steel and method for producing same |
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JP (2) | JP6474348B2 (en) |
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Cited By (4)
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JP2018003146A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | High hardness matrix high speed steel having excellent toughness and high temperature strength |
CN109988971A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-09 | 东北大学 | A method of producing special ultra-pure high-speed tool steel |
WO2019225464A1 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | 日立金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing forged article |
CN114293108A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 广州神拓科技有限公司 | Shield machine hob alloy material and preparation process thereof |
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CN107177800A (en) * | 2017-05-14 | 2017-09-19 | 合肥鼎鑫模具有限公司 | A kind of CNC milling machine milling cutter high-speed tool steel and its manufacture method |
SE544123C2 (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2022-01-04 | Uddeholms Ab | Hot work tool steel |
DE102021101105A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 | 2022-07-21 | Voestalpine Böhler Edelstahl Gmbh & Co Kg | Process for producing a tool steel as a carrier for PVD coatings and a tool steel |
CN113604730A (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-11-05 | 昆山东大特钢制品有限公司 | High-temperature-resistant and high-toughness hot-work die steel and production process thereof |
CN114561599A (en) * | 2022-03-04 | 2022-05-31 | 江苏成一金属科技有限公司 | DY33 hot work matrix high-speed steel |
KR102707116B1 (en) * | 2022-03-16 | 2024-09-19 | 제일산기 주식회사 | Method for heat treatment of high speed steel and high speed steel |
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- 2014-06-24 WO PCT/JP2014/066736 patent/WO2015045528A1/en active Application Filing
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Cited By (7)
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JP2018003146A (en) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-11 | 山陽特殊製鋼株式会社 | High hardness matrix high speed steel having excellent toughness and high temperature strength |
WO2019225464A1 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2019-11-28 | 日立金属株式会社 | Method for manufacturing forged article |
JP6692005B1 (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2020-05-13 | 日立金属株式会社 | Manufacturing method of forged products |
KR20210013137A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2021-02-03 | 히다찌긴조꾸가부시끼가이사 | Manufacturing method of forged products |
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CN109988971A (en) * | 2019-04-16 | 2019-07-09 | 东北大学 | A method of producing special ultra-pure high-speed tool steel |
CN114293108A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-08 | 广州神拓科技有限公司 | Shield machine hob alloy material and preparation process thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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TWI654318B (en) | 2019-03-21 |
EP3050986B1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
CN111411293A (en) | 2020-07-14 |
JP6474348B2 (en) | 2019-02-27 |
JPWO2015045528A1 (en) | 2017-03-09 |
JP2018048407A (en) | 2018-03-29 |
CN105579604A (en) | 2016-05-11 |
EP3050986A4 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
TW201527549A (en) | 2015-07-16 |
EP3050986A1 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
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