WO2014033834A1 - 前照灯用光源および前照灯 - Google Patents
前照灯用光源および前照灯 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014033834A1 WO2014033834A1 PCT/JP2012/071689 JP2012071689W WO2014033834A1 WO 2014033834 A1 WO2014033834 A1 WO 2014033834A1 JP 2012071689 W JP2012071689 W JP 2012071689W WO 2014033834 A1 WO2014033834 A1 WO 2014033834A1
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- light
- optical axis
- light source
- headlamp
- led
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/143—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/151—Light emitting diodes [LED] arranged in one or more lines
- F21S41/153—Light emitting diodes [LED] arranged in one or more lines arranged in a matrix
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/16—Laser light sources
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/176—Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/24—Light guides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
- F21S41/255—Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/285—Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S41/24 - F21S41/2805
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/321—Optical layout thereof the reflector being a surface of revolution or a planar surface, e.g. truncated
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/36—Combinations of two or more separate reflectors
- F21S41/365—Combinations of two or more separate reflectors successively reflecting the light
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
- F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S45/00—Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light
- F21S45/40—Cooling of lighting devices
- F21S45/47—Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
- F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
- F21W2102/13—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region
- F21W2102/135—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions
- F21W2102/155—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions having inclined and horizontal cutoff lines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21W—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS
- F21W2102/00—Exterior vehicle lighting devices for illuminating purposes
- F21W2102/10—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light
- F21W2102/13—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region
- F21W2102/135—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions
- F21W2102/16—Arrangement or contour of the emitted light for high-beam region or low-beam region the light having cut-off lines, i.e. clear borderlines between emitted regions and dark regions having blurred cut-off lines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2101/00—Point-like light sources
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
Definitions
- the present invention uses a projector-type headlamp light source that projects light emitted from a light emitting surface arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the headlamp to the front of the vehicle with a convex lens, and the headlamp light source. Concerning headlamps.
- LEDs have been widely used as light sources for in-vehicle headlamps (running lights, low-pass lights, etc.) instead of conventional tungsten filament bulbs or arc discharge discharge lamps.
- This LED has a long life span and can secure the required brightness with a small amount of power, and can emit stable brightness with simple control that supplies a constant current, making it suitable as a light source for in-vehicle lamps. It is.
- the vehicle headlamp according to Patent Document 1 has a plurality of LEDs mounted on a ceramic substrate, and a light-dark separation in which a bright portion and a dark portion are clearly separated at a certain height by an envelope of the LED. This is a configuration for forming a line (cut-off line).
- FIG. 29 of Patent Document 1 shows a specific example of light distribution. The vicinity of the cut-off line is darker than the lower part of the cut-off line, and the cut-off line is unclear.
- the lamp assembly according to Patent Document 2 mixes light emitted from a plurality of individually separated light sources, guides light between two adjacent light sources to brighten a dark portion, and makes a difference in brightness of the irradiated light. And a shield in order to create a light / dark boundary (cut-off line) in the vertical direction.
- Claim 4 of Patent Document 2 states that the upper surface of the shield is reflective.
- the automotive lighting device has a configuration in which a plurality of LEDs arranged in a matrix are appropriately turned on to form a low beam (passing light) and a high beam (running light).
- paragraph [0016] of Patent Document 3 describes that the front area of the automobile is observed using a camera, in particular, the oncoming traffic is detected and the LED is controlled according to the information specifying the position. There is.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing the light distribution of the LED 1 having a substantially flat light emitting surface and no special optical system member, and represents the light intensity distribution in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when the LED 1 is viewed from the side.
- FIG. 35 shows the light intensity distribution in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) when the LED 1 is viewed from above.
- 34 is a projector-type headlamp in which the light-emitting surface of the LED 1 shown in FIG. 34 is disposed at right angles to the optical axis of the headlamp, and the light emitted from the light-emitting surface of the LED1 is projected to the front of the vehicle by the convex lens 2. Examples used as the light source are shown in FIGS. FIG.
- FIG. 36A is a side view in the vertical direction when the optical system of the passing projector type headlamp is viewed from the side of the LED 1, and FIG. 36B irradiates the front of the vehicle. The state of the irradiated light is shown.
- FIG. 37 (a) is a plan view in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) when the optical system of the passing projector-type headlamp is viewed from above the LED 1, and FIG. 37 (b) is irradiated in front of the vehicle. Represents the state of the irradiated light.
- the brightness of the irradiation light is expressed by shading, and the bright part of the irradiation light is expressed darkly and the dark part is expressed lightly.
- FIGS. 36 (a) and 36 (b) the positional relationship between FIGS. 37 (a) and 37 (b) will be described with reference to FIG. 5 in Embodiment 1 below. This is not detailed here.
- blue light corresponding to the convex lens radius in FIG. 36 will be described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG.
- the LED 1 emits light from the flat surface (light emitting surface) of the semiconductor chip, as shown in FIG. 34, the intensity of light emitted in the normal direction of the light emitting surface is high at the center of the light emitting surface, In particular, it is low at the edge 1a of the light emitting surface. Therefore, when the cut-off line of the passing lamp (bright / dark boundary line in the vertical direction of the irradiated light) is formed by the shape of the edge 1a of the light emitting surface (border line from which the light source emits light), as shown in FIG. The vicinity of the light / dark boundary line is dark, and the part away from the cut-off line is bright (the highest illuminance point in FIGS. 36B and 37B). Therefore, the brightest part is shifted below the cut-off line, and there is a problem that the illuminance near the cut-off line is low and the cut-off line becomes unclear.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a headlamp light source and a headlamp that increase the illuminance in the vicinity of the cut-off line and form a clear cut-off line.
- a light source for a headlamp according to the present invention is a light source for a headlamp that irradiates light emitted from a light emitting surface arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the headlamp to the front of the vehicle through a convex lens.
- Light that is formed by a light source having an end formed in a straight line and disposed on or near the optical axis, a straight line parallel to the optical axis, and a straight line parallel to the linear end of the light emitting surface.
- a reflection surface is provided on a surface located between the shaft and the light emitting surface and reflects light emitted from the light source.
- a light source for a headlamp according to the present invention is a light source for a headlamp that irradiates light emitted from a light emitting surface arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the headlamp to the front of the vehicle through a convex lens.
- the edge is formed in a straight line and is separated from the optical axis, and is formed by a straight line parallel to the optical axis and a straight line parallel to the linear edge of the light emitting surface.
- a reflective surface that is provided between the surfaces and reflects light emitted from the light source; and a light guide member that brings the light emitted from the light emitting surface closer to the optical axis side between the reflective surface and the convex lens. It is to be prepared.
- a light source for a headlamp according to the present invention is a light source for a headlamp that irradiates light emitted from a light emitting surface arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the headlamp to the front of the vehicle through a convex lens.
- the light source member having an end side formed in a straight line and spaced apart from the optical axis, and a light guide member that brings light emitted from the light emitting surface closer to the optical axis side.
- a plane corresponding to a plane formed by a straight line parallel to the straight line and a straight line parallel to the linear edge of the light emitting surface is used, and the inside of the plane is used as a reflecting surface for reflecting light emitted from the light source. Is.
- the headlamp of the present invention uses the above-mentioned light source for headlamps.
- the linear end of the light source is arranged on or near the optical axis of the headlamp, and the reflecting mirror is provided on or near the optical axis, thereby emitting from the light emitting surface.
- Direct light and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror are combined, and equivalently, the light emitted from the linear edge of the light source in the normal direction of the light emitting surface, that is, in the center of the optical axis of the headlamp
- the strength of can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to provide a headlamp light source that can brightly illuminate the vicinity of the cut-off line to form a clear cut-off line, and a headlamp that uses the headlamp light source.
- the linear end of the light source is arranged away from the optical axis of the headlamp, and the light guide member and the reflecting mirror are provided so that the linear end located at a position away from the optical axis is provided.
- the edge can be equivalently placed on the optical axis or near the optical axis, and the direct light emitted from the light emitting surface and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the reflecting mirror are combined, and equivalently the linear shape of the light source It is possible to increase the intensity of light emitted from the edge of the lamp toward the center of the optical axis of the headlamp. Therefore, it is possible to provide a headlamp light source that can brightly illuminate the vicinity of the cut-off line to form a clear cut-off line, and a headlamp that uses the headlamp light source.
- the linear end of the light source is arranged away from the optical axis of the headlamp, and the light guide member having the function of a reflecting mirror is provided, so that the contact at a position away from the optical axis is provided.
- the straight end can be equivalently placed on or near the optical axis, and the direct light emitted from the light emitting surface and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface of the light guide member are combined to equivalently match.
- the intensity of light emitted from the linear end of the light source toward the center of the optical axis of the headlamp can be increased. Therefore, it is possible to provide a headlamp light source that can brightly illuminate the vicinity of the cut-off line to form a clear cut-off line, and a headlamp that uses the headlamp light source.
- FIG. 5A shows a reference size of the optical system of the headlamp according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 5A is a side view showing a vertical direction when the LED is viewed from the side
- FIG. 5A is a side view showing a vertical direction when the LED is viewed from the side
- FIG. 6 (a) is the side view which looked at LED from the side
- FIG.6 (b) represents the irradiation light ahead of a vehicle.
- FIG. 7A is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the headlamp according to the first embodiment
- FIG. 7A is a plan view showing a state in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) when the LED is viewed from above
- FIG. ) Represents irradiation light in front of the vehicle. It is a figure which shows the modification of the convex lens of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 1 shows the modification of the convex lens of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 9A (a) is the side view which looked at the optical system from the side of LED
- FIG. 9A (b) is irradiation light ahead of a vehicle Represents.
- FIG. 9B is a headlamp using the convex lens shown in FIG. 9A, where FIG. 9B (a) is a plan view of the optical system viewed from above the LED, and FIG. 9B (b) represents irradiation light in front of the vehicle.
- FIG.10 (a) is the side view seen from the side of LED
- FIG.10 (b) shows irradiation light ahead of a vehicle.
- Fig.11 (a) is the side view seen from the side of LED
- FIG.11 (b) shows the irradiation light ahead of a vehicle.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the optical system of the headlamp according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the optical system of the headlamp according to the third embodiment. It is the side view which looked at the optical system of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention from the side. It is a figure which shows the modification of the light guide member of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 4.
- FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 5 of this invention. It is the side view which looked at the optical system of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 6 of this invention from the side.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a modification of the optical system of the headlamp according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG.23 (a) is a front view
- FIG.23 (b) is a side view. It is a figure which shows the mode of the irradiation light irradiated to the vehicle front at the time of lighting all LED of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 8.
- FIG.23 (a) is a front view
- FIG.23 (b) is a side view. It is a figure which shows the mode of the irradiation light irradiated to the vehicle front at the time of lighting all LED of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 8.
- FIG.25 (a) is a front view
- FIG.25 (b) is a side view.
- FIG.25 (b) is a side view.
- FIG.25 (b) is a figure explaining the arrangement
- FIG. 10 is a circuit diagram of an LED lighting device that controls lighting of a headlamp according to a ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 It is a figure explaining a mode that the light which an oncoming vehicle injects into the optical system of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 9.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the modification of the optical system of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 9, and shows the example which replaces with the reflective mirror for partitions, and uses a light guide member.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the modification of the light guide member of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 9.
- FIG. It is a figure explaining the optical system of the headlamp which uses the light guide member shown in FIG. It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 10 of this invention.
- FIG. 36 shows an example in which the LED of FIG. 34 is used as a light source of a projector-type headlamp
- FIG. 36 (a) is a side view showing the vertical direction of the optical system when the LED is viewed from the side
- FIG. 36B shows the state of the irradiation light irradiated in front of the vehicle.
- FIG. 37 shows an example in which the LED of FIG.
- FIG. 37 (a) is a plan view showing the state of the optical system in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction) when the LED is viewed from above.
- 37 (b) represents the state of the irradiation light irradiated in front of the vehicle.
- the headlamp according to the first embodiment is an example of a passing projector-type headlamp, and a light-emitting surface in which a light-emitting surface is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the headlamp is substantially.
- An LED (light source) 1 that does not have a special optical system member on a plane, a convex lens 2 that projects light emitted from the light emitting surface of the LED 1 to the front of the vehicle, and a reflecting mirror 3 that also serves as a heat sink for the LED 1 and a holding member for the convex lens 2.
- a case 4 for housing an optical system composed of the LED 1, the convex lens 2 and the reflecting mirror 3, and a front lens 5 are provided.
- the light emitting surface of the LED 1 is disposed above the optical axis, and the edge 1a on the optical axis side of the light emitting surface is linearly formed and disposed on the optical axis.
- the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 is disposed on a surface formed by the edge 1a of the light emitting surface and the optical axis.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the light distribution of the LED 1 and represents the light intensity distribution in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when the LED 1 is viewed from the side.
- FIG. 3 shows a light intensity distribution in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) when the LED 1 is viewed from above.
- the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the LED 1 in the normal direction (direct light indicated by a solid line in the figure) is brightest at the center of the light emitting surface. Therefore, with direct light alone, as shown in FIGS. 34 to 37 described above, the part away from the cut-off line is brightly illuminated, the vicinity of the cut-off line is dark, and the cut-off line becomes unclear.
- the reflecting surface 3a close to the edge 1a of the LED 1 as shown in FIG. 2, the light reflected by the reflecting surface 3a (the reflected light indicated by the dotted line in the figure) is directly combined with the light.
- the LED 1 emits light above the optical axis of the headlamp. As shown in FIG. 4, the LED 1 is arranged above the optical axis and also below the optical axis.
- the LED of the large light emitting surface constituted by both the LED 1 and the LED 1 ′ is equivalent to the light above the light emitted by the LED, and the center of the LED of the large light emitting surface, that is, the edge of the LED 1
- the light emitted from 1a in the normal direction of the light emitting surface can be increased.
- FIG. 5 shows a reference size of the optical system of the headlamp according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5A shows the state of the optical system of the headlamp shown in FIG. 1 in the vertical direction when viewed from the side of the LED 1
- FIG. 5B shows the front of the vehicle. A state when the irradiated light is viewed from the vehicle side is shown.
- the brightness of the irradiation light is expressed by shading, and the bright portion of the irradiation light is expressed darkly and the dark portion is expressed lightly.
- the LED 1 is installed at a position away from the focal length from the convex lens 2 to the rear focal point FL2, and the end 1a of the LED 1 is arranged on the optical axis of the convex lens 2.
- the reflecting mirror 3 is installed between the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 and the light emitting surface of the LED 1, and the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 is arranged on the optical axis of the convex lens 2.
- the distance from the light emitting surface of the LED 1 to the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 is 2 mm, and the focal length of the convex lens 2 is 50 mm.
- FIG. 6A shows the state of the optical system of the headlamp shown in FIG. 1 in the vertical direction when viewed from the side of the LED 1
- FIG. 6B shows the front of the vehicle.
- the state of the irradiated light is shown.
- FIG. 7A shows a left-right direction (horizontal direction) when the optical system of the headlamp shown in FIG. 1 is viewed from above the LED 1, and
- FIG. 7B irradiates the front of the vehicle.
- the state of the irradiated light is shown.
- FL 1 indicates the front focal point of the convex lens 2.
- an equivalent light emitting surface that emits combined light obtained by combining the direct light of the LED 1 and the reflected light reflected by the reflecting mirror 3 is formed on the rear focal point FL 2 of the convex lens 2. Therefore, the combined light passes through the convex lens 2 and is irradiated forward of the vehicle. Since the combined light has the brightest light emission intensity maximum part at the edge 1a of the LED 1, that is, near the optical axis of the headlamp, the parallel light of the light emission maximum part passing through the convex lens 2 illuminates the vicinity of the cut-off line and cuts Offline becomes clearer.
- FIG. 6 (a) and FIG. 6 (b) are different in scale.
- FIG. 6 (a) a part of the light emitted from the edge 1a of the LED 1 becomes parallel light and illuminates the upper side of the optical axis.
- blurred light exists on the cut-off line in FIG.
- the vertical width of the parallel light is equivalent to the width corresponding to the aperture of the convex lens 2 (50 mm in this example), and at least the blurred light corresponding to the radius of the convex lens 2 exists in the cut-off line.
- the blur of about 25 mm on the cut-off line at a distance of 5000 mm or more from the center is not a problem as a substantial light / dark boundary, but rather the blur due to other optical factors is much larger.
- the shape of the convex lens 2 may be a shape other than the shape shown in FIGS. 5 to 7, or may be a convex lens on both sides and a convex lens only on one side, such as the convex lenses 2a and 2b shown in FIG.
- an aspherical convex lens 2c having different curvatures (different focal lengths) in the vertical cross section and the horizontal cross section may be used.
- FIG. 9A (a) shows the state in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when the optical system using the convex lens 2c is viewed from the side of the LED 1, and
- FIG. 9A (b) shows the irradiation light.
- FIG. 9A (a) shows the state in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when the optical system using the convex lens 2c is viewed from the side of the LED 1
- FIG. 9A (b) shows the irradiation light.
- FIG. 9B (a) shows the state of the optical system using the convex lens 2c in the left-right direction (horizontal direction) when viewed from above the LED 1, and FIG. 9B (c) shows the irradiation light.
- the curvatures of the vertical and horizontal sections are changed, the positions of the rear focal points FL2a and FL2b are changed in the vertical and horizontal directions,
- the light distribution in the left-right direction can be expanded while the light distribution in the vertical direction of the light projected forward is the same as described above. it can.
- the light source for headlamps has the LED 1 arranged on the optical axis or in the vicinity of the optical axis with the edge 1a of the light emitting surface formed in a straight line, and the straight line of the LED 1 A reflective surface 3a disposed on a surface formed by a straight line parallel to the edge 1a and a straight line parallel to the optical axis, and one end of the reflective surface 3a and the linear edge of the LED 1 It is configured to include a reflecting mirror 3 that is close to 1a. For this reason, the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface 3a is combined with the direct light emitted from the LED 1, and the intensity of the light emitted from the end 1a in the normal direction of the light emitting surface can be increased.
- the LED 1 when the LED 1 is disposed above the optical axis to form a light distribution for a passing lamp, a light source for a headlamp that forms a clear cut-off line can be realized by brightly illuminating the vicinity of the passing lamp's cut-off line. .
- the focus is on sharpening the cut-off line that becomes the boundary between light and dark, but it is also possible to form a more preferable light distribution by adding a further optical technique to the above configuration. is there. Therefore, the positional relationship between the reflecting surface 3a and the linear edge 1a of the LED 1 is limited to the optical axis in a strict sense and a straight line passing through the edge 1a of the light emitting surface formed in a strict sense.
- the reflecting surface may be a surface that is located between the optical axis and the light emitting surface and is formed by a straight line parallel to the optical axis and a straight line parallel to the linear edge of the light emitting surface.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the headlamp according to the second embodiment, and FIG. 10 (a) shows the vertical direction when viewed from the side of the upper irradiation LED 6.
- FIG. 10B shows a state when the irradiation light irradiated in front of the vehicle is viewed from the vehicle side.
- parts that are the same as or equivalent to those in FIGS. 1 to 9B are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the low-light headlight that illuminates the lower side of the optical axis of the headlamp is configured.
- the upper illumination that illuminates the upper side of the optical axis of the headlamp is configured. Configure the headlamp.
- the light emitting surface of the upper illumination LED (light source) 6 is disposed below the optical axis, and the end 6a on the optical axis side of the light emitting surface is formed in a straight line on the optical axis. Deploy. Further, the reflecting surface 3b of the reflecting mirror 3 is arranged on a surface formed by the edge 6a of the light emitting surface and the optical axis.
- the reflecting surface 3b As shown in FIG. 10A, by arranging the reflecting surface 3b on the edge 6a of the upper irradiation LED 6, the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface 3b is combined with the direct light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6. Therefore, the light emitted in the normal direction from the edge 6a of the upper irradiation LED 6 can be increased. Therefore, if a projector-type headlamp is constituted by the upper illumination LED 6 provided with the reflecting mirror 3, the combined light passing through the convex lens 2 is projected on the upper side of the optical axis as shown in FIG. Brightly illuminate the offline area. Therefore, the light irradiation to the center increases, and the distant visibility increases.
- the light source for headlamps includes the upper illumination LED 6 arranged on the optical axis or in the vicinity of the optical axis, with the edge 6a of the light emitting surface formed in a straight line.
- the upper illumination LED 6 has a reflection surface 3b disposed on a surface formed by a straight line parallel to the straight edge 6a and a straight line parallel to the optical axis, and one end portion and upper portion of the reflection surface 3b. It was configured to include the reflecting mirror 3 in which the linear edge 6a of the irradiation LED 6 is close.
- the reflected light reflected by the reflecting surface 3b is combined with the direct light emitted by the upper irradiation LED 6, and the intensity of the light emitted from the end 6a in the normal direction of the light emitting surface can be increased equivalently. Therefore, it is possible to realize a light source that irradiates light on the upper part of the low-light cut-off line, and a light distribution for a traveling light can be formed by combining this light source with the low-light.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the headlamp according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 11A is a vertical direction (vertical) when viewed from the side of the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6.
- 11 (b) shows a state when the irradiation light irradiated in front of the vehicle is viewed from the vehicle side.
- parts that are the same as or equivalent to those in FIGS. 1 to 10 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the headlamp for driving lights which illuminates the upper and lower sides of an optical axis simultaneously is comprised.
- the light distribution for the traveling lamp includes the light distribution for passing through the lower side of the optical axis of the headlamp described in the first embodiment and the upper side of the optical axis of the headlamp described in the second embodiment. It is configured by combining the light distribution for upper irradiation that illuminates the light.
- the light emitting surface of the passing LED (light source) 1 is disposed above the optical axis, and the end 1a on the light axis side of the light emitting surface is formed in a straight line and disposed on the optical axis. Further, the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 is disposed on a surface formed by a straight line parallel to the edge 1a of the light emitting surface and a straight line parallel to the optical axis.
- the light emitting surface of the upper illumination LED (light source) 6 is disposed below the optical axis, and the edge 6a on the optical axis side of the light emitting surface is formed in a straight line so that the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 and the LED A gap (represented as an offset in FIG.
- the reflecting surface 3b of the reflecting mirror 3 is disposed on a surface formed by a straight line parallel to the edge 6a of the light emitting surface and a straight line parallel to the optical axis.
- the emitted light passes through the convex lens 2 and is projected on the lower side of the optical axis to form a light distribution for the passing lamp. Further, by simultaneously lighting the passing LED 1 on the upper side of the optical axis and the upper irradiation LED 6 on the lower side of the optical axis, the emitted light passes through the convex lens 2 and is projected above and below the optical axis, as shown in FIG. The light distribution for the traveling light shown is formed.
- the gap between the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6 corresponds to the gap between the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6 (for example, the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 and the interval due to restrictions on mounting of the LED).
- a plate-like transparent prism or light guide plate is used as the light guide member 7.
- FIG. 12 shows an enlarged view of the reflecting mirror 3 and the light guide member 7 in FIG.
- a plate-shaped transparent light guide member 7 is installed between the convex lens 2 and the reflecting mirror 3 in a state inclined with respect to a plane orthogonal to the optical axis.
- the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 can be bent toward the optical axis by the light guide member 7.
- the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 (denoted as offset) can be optically offset, and the edge 6 a of the upper irradiation LED 6 located at a position away from the optical axis can be obtained.
- the light guide member 7 is formed such that an incident surface on which light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 is incident and an output surface from which incident light is emitted are formed in parallel.
- the light guide member 7 is provided on the lower side of the optical axis and a cut-off line is formed by the reflecting surface 3b of the reflecting mirror 3 as shown in FIGS. 11A and 12, it corresponds to the wavelength (light emitting color) of light.
- the deviation (aberration) of the focal position of the convex lens 2 is alleviated, and the irradiating light that illuminates the vicinity of the cut-off line emitted by the passing LED 1 is reduced to a rainbow color.
- the light emitted from the other upper irradiation LED 6 is mixed with the light of the passing LED 1 that is simultaneously turned on for the traveling light, even if the light is split by the prism effect of the light guide member 7, so that the split light is visually recognized. It is hard to be done.
- the incident light is bent into a crank shape and the optical axis. Close to the side, it can be emitted in the same direction as the incident light. Therefore, the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 can be offset.
- the light source for headlamps has the light emitting surface edge 1a formed in a straight line, the passing LED 1 disposed on the optical axis, and the light emitting surface edge 6a. Is formed in a straight line, provided with a gap due to the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 and LED mounting restrictions, etc., and the upper irradiation LED 6 arranged away from the optical axis, and a straight line and light parallel to the edge 1a.
- the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 is increased. It is possible to optically cancel the gap between the light emitting surfaces of the passing LED 1 and the upper illuminating LED 6 due to, for example, and to realize a headlamp light source that does not generate a dark portion above the cut-off line when the traveling lamp is lit.
- the emission surface from which light emitted from the light emitting surface of the upper irradiation LED 6 is inclined with respect to the surface orthogonal to the optical axis of the headlamp.
- the emission surface and the incident surface on which light emitted from the light emitting surface of the upper irradiation LED 6 is incident are parallel to each other. For this reason, light can be emitted in the same direction as the incident light while bending the incident light.
- FIG. 11 and 12 since the edge 1a of the passing LED 1 is aligned with the optical axis, the upper irradiation LED 6 depends on the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3, the restrictions on the mounting of the LED, etc. (offset). In order to avoid the influence of being separated from the optical axis, the light guide member 7 is disposed below the optical axis. On the contrary, the edge 6a of the upper irradiation LED 6 is aligned with the optical axis, and the passing LED 1 is disposed. You may arrange
- FIG. FIG. 13 shows an optical system of the headlamp configured as described above, and FIG. 14 shows an enlarged view of the reflecting mirror 3 and the light guide member 8.
- the light guide member 8 can be disposed on the convex lens 2 side from the tip of the reflecting mirror 3 on the LED 6 side by providing the light guide member 8 on the upper side of the optical axis. That is, while the partition reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 are provided between the LEDs as in Embodiment 9 to be described later, the tip thereof is set at the same position as the reflecting mirror 3 (the reflecting mirror 3 and the reflecting reflector for partitioning). 11-1 to 11-4 can be used as the equivalent light emitting surface of the LED), and can be separated from the tip on the convex lens 2 side of the reflecting mirror 3 of the example described in Embodiment 9 described later.
- the same configuration as shifting the openings of the reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 backward can be achieved.
- one end portion of the light guide member 8 that forms the cut-off line of the passing lamp is disposed in the vicinity of the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2, and the light guide member 8 is disposed on the equivalent light emitting surface side of the upper illumination LED 6.
- the other end is arranged. Accordingly, the equivalent light emitting surface of the upper illumination LED 6 is disposed behind the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 corresponding to the thickness of the light guide member 8, and the contour of the equivalent light emitting surface of the upper illumination LED 6 is obtained. Can be projected clearly in front of the vehicle.
- this configuration is configured by the reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-11 for partitioning from the end of the reflecting mirror 3 positioned on the rear focal point FL2, which will be described later with reference to FIG. -4 (see FIG. 25) is arranged rearward, which is advantageous in a method of use for individually turning on and off the upper illumination LEDs 6 described in the ninth embodiment below.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 since light passing through the light guide members 7 and 8 is blurred and lost, the edge 1a of the passing LED 1 is placed away from the optical axis and the light guide member 8 is attached as shown in FIGS.
- the relationship between the plate thickness t of the light guide member 8, the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3, the offset OFFSET for the gap due to restrictions on mounting of the LED, etc. is expressed by the following equation (1).
- the end side 1a of the passing LED 1 and the end side 6a of the upper irradiation LED 6 are arranged separately from the optical axis, and the light guide member 8 is guided to the lower side above the optical axis.
- the optical member 7 may be installed. If the light guide members 7 and 8 are provided above and below, the optical positions of the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6 are equivalent, and the state of irradiation light above and below the cutoff line projected from the convex lens 2 is equivalent. A running light with no sense of incongruity can be formed in the cut-off line. Therefore, it is convenient for forming a simple passing light and a traveling light. Further, in the case of FIG. 15, the plate thickness of the upper and lower light guide members 7 and 8 can be reduced, and the spectrum generated by the prism effect of the light guide members 7 and 8 is reduced.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the headlamp according to the fourth embodiment, and shows a state in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when viewed from the side of the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6. .
- FIG. 16 parts that are the same as or equivalent to those in FIGS. 1 to 15 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the edge 1a of the passing LED 1 and the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 are arranged on the optical axis
- the edge 6a and the reflecting surface 3b of the upper irradiation LED 6 are arranged apart from the optical axis.
- the optical system of a projector type headlamp is illustrated.
- the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 provided between the reflecting mirror 3 and the convex lens 2 (not shown) is arranged on the optical axis so as to be flush with the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3. Then, the upper surface 7a can act as a reflecting surface.
- the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 and the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 flush with each other, the positional accuracy of the reflecting mirror 3 and the light guide member 7 can be increased. Further, since the upper surface 7a flush with the reflecting surface 3a serves as a boundary between the upper and lower light distributions of the cutoff line, the end of the upper surface 7a is disposed in the vicinity of the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2.
- FIG. 16 shows an optical system of a headlamp using the light guide member 7 ′.
- a light guide member 7 ′ is provided between the reflecting mirror 3 and the convex lens 2 (not shown) and below the optical axis, and the upper portion of the light guide member 7 ′ on the optical axis side is thickened. If the lower part is formed thin, the passing light is bent toward the optical axis. Thereby, a part of the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 is bent toward the optical axis, and when the traveling lamp is turned on, the vicinity of the cut-off line can be illuminated more brightly by the addition of the bent light.
- one surface of the light guide member 7 is arranged flush with the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 so as to act as a reflecting surface.
- the reflecting mirror 3 and the light guide member 7 can be formed by one member, and when installed in the case 4, the positional accuracy of the reflecting mirror 3 and the light guide member 7 with respect to the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 can be improved. it can. Further, if the light distribution for the traveling lamp is formed using the headlamp light source, no dark portion is generated at the upper part of the cut-off line.
- the light guide member 7 ′ is inclined such that the emission surface from which the light emitted from the light emitting surface of the upper illumination LED 6 is emitted is inclined with respect to the surface orthogonal to the optical axis of the headlamp. Therefore, the incident light can be bent and emitted close to the optical axis side. Furthermore, since the light guide member 7 ′ has the exit surface inclined with respect to the incident surface, the light incident on the light guide member 7 ′ from the upper irradiation LED 6 is guided to the irradiation area in charge of the passing LED 1. The brightness of the portion irradiated by the passing LED 1 can be increased. In addition, a light source that illuminates the vicinity of the cut-off line more brightly when the traveling lamp is lit can be realized.
- the incident surface of the light guide member 8 is inclined with respect to the output surface, and the light emitted from the passing LED 1 is irradiated by the upper irradiation LED 6. It is also possible to lead to In the above, attention is focused on sharpening the cut-off line that becomes the boundary between light and dark, but it is also possible to form a more preferable light distribution by adding a further optical technique to the above configuration. is there. Therefore, the position of the upper end portion of the light guide member arranged in the vicinity of the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 is not limited to the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 in a strict sense.
- the positional relationship between the reflective surface and the straight edge of the LED is limited to a straight line passing through the edge of the light emitting surface formed in a strict sense and a straight line parallel to the optical axis in a strict sense. It is never done.
- the reflecting surface may be a surface that is located between the optical axis and the light emitting surface and is formed by a straight line parallel to the optical axis and a straight line parallel to the linear edge of the light emitting surface.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of the headlamp according to the fifth embodiment.
- the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 1 to 17 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- a holding member 30 that also serves as a heat sink for the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6 holds the convex lens 2 and the light guide member 7.
- the edge 1a of the passing LED 1 is disposed on the optical axis of the headlamp, and the light emitting surface is disposed on the upper side of the optical axis.
- the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 is disposed on the optical axis, and the light emitted from the passing LED 1 is reflected to brightly illuminate the vicinity of the cutoff line.
- the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 serves as a boundary between the upper and lower light distributions of the cut-off line. Arranged in the vicinity of FL2 (not shown).
- the distance from the optical axis to the edge 6a is optically determined. Can be offset.
- the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 also acts as a reflecting mirror that reflects light incident on the light guide member 7 from the upper irradiation LED 6, the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 is reflected and cut. Brightly illuminate the offline area.
- the light source for headlamps is formed such that the light guide member 7 having the upper surface 7a acting as a reflecting mirror on the optical axis and the edge 1a of the light emitting surface are formed in a straight line.
- the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 serving as a reflection surface disposed on the surface formed by the straight line parallel to the axis and the linear end side 1a of the passing LED 1 were disposed close to each other.
- the direct light emitted from the passing LED 1 is combined with the reflected light reflected by the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 acting as a reflecting surface, and equivalently, the light emitted from the edge 1a in the normal direction of the light emitting surface.
- the strength of can be increased. Therefore, the light emitted from the passing LED 1 brightly illuminates the vicinity of the low-light cut-off line to form a clear cut-off line.
- the light guide member 7 is used and the linear edge 6a of the upper irradiation LED 6 located away from the optical axis is equivalently disposed on the optical axis,
- the gap between the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6 due to restrictions or the like can be optically offset, and no dark portion is generated above the cut-off line when the traveling lamp is lit.
- the direct light emitted from the upper illumination LED 6 is combined with the reflected light reflected by the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 acting as a reflecting surface, and equivalently, the light emitted from the edge 6a in the normal direction of the light emitting surface. The strength of can be increased.
- the vicinity of the cut-off line is brightly illuminated by the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6. From the above, it is possible to realize a headlamp light source that forms a light distribution for a passing lamp and a light distribution for a traveling lamp with a set of light sources. In the above, the focus is on sharpening the cut-off line that becomes the boundary between light and dark, but it is also possible to form a more preferable light distribution by adding a further optical technique to the above configuration. is there. Therefore, the position of the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 is not limited to the optical axis in a strict sense, and may be disposed between the optical axis and the light emitting surface. Further, the position of the upper end portion of the light guide member 7 is not limited to the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2 in a strict sense, and may be arranged in the vicinity thereof.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining an optical system of a headlamp according to the sixth embodiment, and shows a state in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when viewed from the side of the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6.
- FIG. 19 parts that are the same as or equivalent to those in FIGS. 1 to 18 are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted.
- the edge 6a of the upper illumination LED 6 and the lower surface 8a of the light guide member 8 are arranged on the optical axis, and the light emitted from the edge 6a in the normal direction is strongly utilized by using the lower surface 8a as a reflecting surface. To do.
- the passing LED 1 is disposed above the optical axis so as to be separated from the optical axis, and the light emitted from the passing LED 1 is bent by the light guide member 8 so as to approach the optical axis side.
- the lower surface 8a of the light guide member 8 not only acts as a reflection surface for reflecting light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6, but also as a reflecting mirror for reflecting light incident on the light guide member 8 from the passing LED 1 inside. Also works.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the optical system of the headlamp according to the sixth embodiment, and shows the vertical direction when viewed from the side of the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6. Represents.
- the edge 1a of the passing LED 1 and the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 are arranged on the optical axis, and the light emitted from the edge 1a in the normal direction is strengthened by using the upper surface 7a as a reflecting surface. .
- the upper irradiation LED 6 is disposed below the optical axis so as to be separated from the optical axis, and the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 is refracted by the light guide member 7 so as to approach the optical axis side.
- the upper surface 7a of the light guide member 7 not only functions as a reflective surface that reflects the light emitted from the passing LED 1, but also serves as a reflecting mirror that internally reflects light incident on the light guide member 7 from the upper irradiation LED 6. Also works.
- part of the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 is reflected by the surface incident on the light guide member 7.
- the reflected light is reflected by the auxiliary reflecting mirror 10 (second reflecting surface) provided behind the light guide member 7 and guided to the light guide member 7 again.
- the light which LED6 for upper irradiation emits can be used effectively.
- the light source for headlamps directs the light reflected from the incident surface of the light guide members 7 and 8 toward the incident surface again toward the light source side of the light guide members 7 and 8.
- the auxiliary reflecting mirrors 9 and 10 (second reflecting surfaces) for reflection are provided. For this reason, the light emitted from the passing LED 1 or the upper irradiation LED 6 can be effectively used, and a headlight light source that illuminates the front brightly with a small amount of power can be realized.
- FIG. FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the headlamp according to the seventh embodiment, and shows a state in the vertical direction (vertical direction) when viewed from the side of the upper irradiation LED 6.
- FIG. 21 the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 1 to 20 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- an optical system of a headlamp in which the edge 6a of the upper illumination LED 6 and the reflecting surface 3b are arranged apart from the optical axis is illustrated, and the passing LED 1 and the like above the optical axis are not shown. .
- the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 is bent by the light guide member 7 to offset the separation, but as the light guide member 7, in addition to the light incident surface and the light incident surface, the incident light is incident.
- a light guide member 7 ′′ (prism) provided with a reflection surface 7b (second inner reflection surface) for reflecting the reflected light inside is used.
- a light guide member 7 ′′ is installed between the reflecting mirror 3 ′ and the convex lens 2 (not shown) and below the optical axis, and the entrance surface and the exit surface of the light guide member 7 ′′ are provided. Arranged perpendicular to the optical axis.
- the light guide member 7 ′′ is formed with two reflection surfaces 7b (second inner reflection surfaces) that reflect incident light twice by 90 degrees inside, and the light that has passed through the light guide member 7 ′′. Is bent toward the optical axis. Thereby, the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 can be bent to the optical axis side, and the distance from the optical axis to the edge 6a (denoted as offset in FIG. 21) can be optically offset. It can be arranged on the optical axis equivalently.
- the incident light is bent by the reflecting surface 7b (second inner reflecting surface) of the light guide member 7 ′′, so that the light spectrum is reduced. Since the reflecting surface 7b (second inner reflecting surface) having a sufficient area with respect to the surface is required, the upper-illuminating LED 6 is larger from the optical axis than the gap due to the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 and LED mounting restrictions. It is necessary to place them apart.
- the light guide member 7 ′′ in which the LEDs are equivalently arranged on the optical axis, for example, a configuration as shown in FIG. 22 is also conceivable.
- the light emitting surface of the upper irradiation LED 6 is arranged in parallel with the optical axis. Then, the light is emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 toward the optical axis, and the light guide member 7 ′′ is installed between the upper irradiation LED 6 and the optical axis.
- the light guide member 7 ′′ has an incident surface formed parallel to the optical axis and an output surface orthogonal to the optical axis, and the light incident from the incident surface is reflected once by the internal reflecting surface 7b. Is bent and emitted in a direction parallel to the optical axis.
- the surface for mounting the upper illumination LED 6 (horizontal direction) is different from the surface for mounting the passing LED 1 (not shown) (vertical direction), so the structure of the headlamp becomes complicated. Therefore, it is difficult to ensure optical position accuracy.
- the light emitting surface of the upper illumination LED 6 faces in the direction parallel to the optical axis, it is necessary to arrange the reflecting mirror 3 ′ so as to be orthogonal to the optical axis.
- the configuration example of FIG. 22 is more complicated than the configuration of the present invention, and deviates from the configuration of “the light emitting surface is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis of the headlamp” of the present invention. To do.
- the light guide member 7 ′′ includes the light incident surface from the light emitting surface of the upper irradiation LED 6 and the reflection surface 7b (second inner reflection) that reflects the light inside. Surface) and a surface from which the light is emitted. Therefore, even when the upper illumination LED 6 is arranged far away from the optical axis, the light emitted from the upper illumination LED 6 is guided to the light guide member 7 ". Can be bent to offset the separation. Therefore, it is possible to realize a headlamp light source that does not generate a dark portion above the cut-off line when the traveling lamp is lit.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the traveling lamp projector type headlamp according to the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 23 (a) shows the light emitting surfaces A to J of the passing LED 1 and the upper irradiation LED 6.
- FIG. I s a front view as seen from the convex lens 2 side
- FIG. 23B is a side view.
- the passing LED 1 is composed of a plurality of LEDs 1F to 1J
- the upper irradiation LED 6 is composed of a plurality of LEDs 6A to 6E.
- the reflecting surface regions 3c and 3d located on the opposite lane side of the vehicle are formed in a shape inclined downward. Therefore, the reflective surface areas 3c and 3d located on the opposite lane side of the vehicle are arranged at positions lower than the reflective surfaces 3a and 3b located on the sidewalk side of the vehicle.
- FIG. 24 shows the state of the irradiated light emitted to the front of the vehicle when all of the light emitting surfaces A to J of the LEDs 1F to 1J and the LEDs 6A to 6E are turned on. Irradiation areas corresponding to the light emitting surfaces A to J in FIG. 23 are denoted as A to J in FIG.
- a cut-off line is formed by the surfaces 3a and 3b, and a light distribution for a passing lamp is formed by illuminating the lower side of the cut-off line by the LEDs 1F to 1J.
- the cut-off line has reflection surface areas 3c and 3d located on the opposite lane side of the vehicle and bends corresponding to the bends of the reflection surfaces 3a and 3b located on the sidewalk side of the vehicle, and the sidewalk side ahead of the vehicle is a high position.
- the light emitted from the light emitting surfaces A to E of the LEDs 6A to 6E arranged below the optical axis of the headlamp illuminates the upper side of the cut-off line of the bent passing lamp. That is, the light emitted from the LEDs 6A to 6E is combined with the light emitted from the LEDs 1F to 1J to form a light distribution for the traveling lamp.
- the light guide member 7 (or the light guide member 8) is installed between the reflecting mirror 3 and the convex lens 2 (not shown), and the thickness of the reflecting mirror 3 and the LED mounting are set.
- the gap due to the above constraints is optically offset.
- the reflecting surfaces 3a and 3b of the reflecting mirror 3 are the reflecting surface regions 3c and 3d located on the opposite lane side of the vehicle and the reflecting surface regions 3a and 3b located on the sidewalk side of the vehicle.
- the reflecting surface regions 3c and 3d located on the opposite lane side are formed below the reflecting surface regions 3a and 3b located on the sidewalk side of the vehicle.
- the light radiated in front of the vehicle is a combination of a light distribution on the side of the sidewalk that illuminates to a position higher than the side of the opposite lane and a light distribution on the side of the opposite lane that does not dazzle the driver driving the oncoming vehicle.
- a light source for a headlamp that forms a cut-off line for the lamp can be realized.
- the left side of the vehicle is the sidewalk side
- the right side is the opposite lane side
- the right side of the reflecting mirror 3 is inclined obliquely downward.
- the right side of the vehicle is the sidewalk side
- the left side is the opposite lane side
- the left side of the reflecting mirror 3 is inclined obliquely downward.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram for explaining the optical system of the traveling lamp projector type headlamp according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 (a) shows a passing LED 1 (LEDs 1F to 1J) and an upper irradiation LED 6 (LED 6A).
- 6E) are front views of the light emitting surfaces A to J viewed from the convex lens 2
- FIG. 25B is a side view.
- the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 1 to 24 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- partitioning reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 for partitioning the respective LEDs 6A to 6E that are individually turned on and off are provided.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram for explaining the positional relationship between the reflecting mirror 3 and the partitioning reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4.
- the partitioning reflecting mirror 11-1 has a reflecting surface on both sides, and reflects light emitted from the LED 6A on one reflecting surface and reflects light emitted from the LED 6B on the other reflecting surface. That is, the light emitted from the LED that has entered the individual sections sandwiched between the reflecting mirrors on both sides is guided to the emission (opening) side while being reflected by both reflection surfaces.
- the end of the reflecting mirror 3 on the side close to the convex lens 2 is disposed in the vicinity of the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2, and the end of the partitioning reflecting mirror 11-1 on the side of the convex lens 2 (opening) is connected to the reflecting mirror 3. It arrange
- the partition reflecting mirrors 11-2 to 11-4 are similarly arranged.
- the reflecting mirror 3 forming the cut-off line is arranged near the rear focal point FL2 of the convex lens 2, and the partition reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11- forming the contours of the irradiation light of the LEDs 6A to 6E.
- the parallel light forming the cut-off line is irradiated by the convex lens 2, and the shape of the opening of the partitioning reflecting mirror is irradiated.
- a real image is projected. Therefore, the outlines of the openings of the reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 of the LEDs 6A to 6E projected from the convex lens 2, that is, the outlines of the respective irradiation lights become clear.
- FIG. 27 shows the state of the irradiation light irradiated to the front of the vehicle when the LED 6D is turned off and the remaining LEDs 1F to 1J and LEDs 6A to 6C and 6E are all turned on.
- the partition reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 are used in order to make the outlines of the irradiation lights of the LEDs 6A to 6E clear.
- the present embodiment is limited to this configuration. It is not a thing.
- the partitioning reflecting mirror 11-1 is provided. ⁇ 11-4 are distanced rearward from the convex lens 2 corresponding to the thickness of the light guide member 8, and the contours of the light emitting surfaces A to E of the upper illumination LED 6 can be projected clearly.
- the configuration of FIGS. 13 and 14 uses the light guide member 8 to arrange the end portions of the partition reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 rearward as in the ninth embodiment. Become equivalent.
- the LEDs 1F to 1J and the LEDs 6A to 6E are arranged in a horizontal row, but may be arranged so as to be shifted in the vertical direction in accordance with the shape of the reflecting mirror 3 as in the eighth embodiment. Good.
- FIG. 28 is a circuit diagram of an LED lighting device that controls lighting of the headlamp according to the ninth embodiment.
- FIG. 29 is a diagram for explaining how light emitted by the oncoming vehicle 200 enters the optical system of the headlamp according to the ninth embodiment.
- the LED 6A to 6E are used not only as a light emitting element but also as a light receiving element by utilizing a characteristic of generating a voltage according to the brightness around the LED. For example, as shown in FIG.
- the LED lighting device 100 is a device that lights the passing LED 1 (LEDs 1F to 1J) and the upper irradiation LED 6 (LEDs 6A to 6E) using the DC voltage of the in-vehicle power source 101.
- I / F input interface
- the in-vehicle power source 101 is a power source that supplies a DC voltage to the LED lighting device 100, and the DC voltage to the LED lighting device 100 is supplied or cut off by the lighting switch 102. Further, a lighting instruction device 109 on the vehicle side is connected to the LED lighting device 100, and an instruction of the LED lighting mode (running light and passing light) is input to the control unit 103 via the input I / F unit 108. .
- the control unit 103 operates by receiving power supply from the control power source unit 104, and when an instruction to turn on the traveling lamp is input from the lighting instruction device 109 via the input I / F unit 108, the control unit 103 is used for lighting to the output units 105A to 105J. An FET operation output is performed, and the LEDs 6A to 6E and 1F to 1J are supplied with power from the output units 105A to 105J to light up. Further, when an instruction to turn on the passing lamp is input from the lighting instruction device 109 via the input I / F unit 108, the control unit 103 performs a lighting FET operation output to the output units 105F to 105J, and outputs the output units 105F to 105F. Power is turned on from 105J to LEDs 1F to 1J.
- Each of the output units 105A to 105J includes a switching element FET (MOS type field effect transistor), a coil L, and a diode D.
- a switching element FET MOS type field effect transistor
- a current flows through the coil L when the switching element is turned on to accumulate magnetic energy, and the magnetic energy becomes a current when the switching element is turned off. It flows to the LED through the diode D.
- LED lighting power is generated from the DC power source of the in-vehicle power source 101 and output to the LEDs 6A to 6E and 1F to 1J.
- the input units 106A to 106J amplify the voltages of the LEDs 6A to 6E and 1F to 1J by the amplifier 107 and input them to the control unit 103.
- the control unit 103 controls the output units 105A to 105J to temporarily stop power supply to the LEDs 6A to 6E, 1F to 1J, and while power supply is stopped. The presence or absence of light reception is determined based on the voltage input from the input units 106A to 106J. Based on the determination result, the control unit 103 controls the output unit of the received LED to stop power feeding and turns off the LED.
- the LEDs 6A to 6E constituting the upper irradiation LED 6 are used as light receiving elements, and the control unit 103 turns off the LEDs 6A to 6E for an extremely short time (for example, Whether the light is received at each position of the LEDs 6A to 6E is determined. Then, for example, during the period when the LED 6D determines that the oncoming vehicle 200 is receiving light, the controller 103 issues a turn-off instruction to the output part 105D (or does not issue a turn-on instruction).
- the presence / absence of light reception is determined within an extremely short turn-off time that is difficult to be recognized by the driver's vision (for example, the light is turned off for 1 millisecond for one second). Note that if the headlights on the left and right sides of the vehicle are alternately turned off to determine the presence or absence of light reception, the turn-off operation is further less recognized by the driver.
- FIG. 30 is a diagram for explaining a modification of the optical system of the headlamp according to the ninth embodiment.
- the LEDs 6A to 6E constituting the upper irradiation LED 6 are arranged below the optical axis, and the LEDs 6A to 6E are arranged.
- Light guide members 7-1 to 7-6 are arranged at positions facing the respective light emitting surfaces. By providing a gap between the adjacent light guide member 7-1 and light guide member 7-2, the opposing side surface 7c can act as the reflection surface of the partition reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4.
- the light guide members 7-2 to 7-5 The same applies to the light guide members 7-2 to 7-5. Accordingly, the light emitted from the LEDs 6A to 6E enters the opposing light guide members 7-1 to 7-5 and is guided toward the convex lens 2 (not shown) while being reflected by the side surface 7c. On each of the light exit surfaces (surfaces facing the convex lens 2) of the light guide members 7-1 to 7-5, an equivalent light emitting surface that is clearly partitioned is formed. In this way, a thin air layer between the opposing side surfaces 7c can be used as a partition, and a partition thinner than the partition by the partition reflecting mirrors 11-1 to 11-4 can be realized.
- rectangular parallelepiped light guide members 7-1 to 7-5 are used.
- the shape of the light guide members 7-1 to 7-5 may be any shape that can use the side surface 7c as a reflection surface.
- the light guide members 7-1 to 7-5 have a shape including a side surface 7c that forms an inclined surface such as a horn (pyramidal frustum) having a narrow incident surface side and a wide exit surface side, the incident surface (LED The angle of incident light (light entering the light guide member) with respect to the reflection surface (internal reflection surface) becomes an acute angle even in the vicinity of the surface that takes light into the light guide member). Reflected well.
- FIG. 32 shows a state in which the optical system of the headlamp using the light guide members 7-1 to 7-5 is viewed from the side of the passing LED 1 (LEDs 1F to 1J) and the upper irradiation LED 6 (LEDs 6A to 6E).
- the light guide members 7-1 to 7-5 reflect the light emitted from the passing LEDs 1 (LEDs 1F to 1J), while the upper light emitting LEDs 6 (LEDs 6A to 6A) By correcting the offset of 6E), the light emitted from the upper irradiation LED 6 can be guided to the optical axis side.
- the light emitting surface of the upper irradiation LED 6 is divided into a plurality of sections and is configured to be turned on and off for each section. For this reason, the light source for headlamps which irradiates light to the arbitrary parts ahead of a vehicle is realizable.
- a light emitting element for example, LED
- the light emitting element that has detected the light reception is turned off.
- a headlamp that does not irradiate light in the direction in which the oncoming vehicle exists, that is, does not dazzle the driver who drives the oncoming vehicle while turning on the traveling light can be realized without separately providing an optical sensor.
- FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of the passing projector type headlamp according to the tenth embodiment.
- the same or corresponding parts as those in FIGS. 1 to 32 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- the light emitting surface of the phosphor 20 is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis, and laser light is emitted from the laser oscillator 21 toward the light emitting surface of the phosphor 20.
- blue light emitted from a blue LED may be irradiated toward the phosphor 20, or an electron beam or an electromagnetic wave may be irradiated toward the phosphor 20.
- the phosphor 20 has a light emitting surface in which the edge 20a is linearly formed, the edge 20a is arranged on the optical axis, and the reflecting surface 3a of the reflecting mirror 3 is formed on the optical axis.
- the reflecting mirror 3 is deformed so that the heat sink of the phosphor 20 and the holding member of the convex lens 2 and the laser oscillator 21 are also used.
- the passing lamp is configured by arranging the laser oscillator 21 and the phosphor 20 above the optical axis.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the laser oscillator 21 and the phosphor are also disposed below the optical axis. It is also possible to configure a traveling lamp by arranging 20 and combining with a passing lamp.
- the light source for headlamps is configured to emit light by exciting the light emitting surface formed of the phosphor 20.
- the excitation part (laser oscillator 21) and the light emitting surface (phosphor 20) can be arranged separately, and the heat generated by each member can be mitigated compared to an LED in which the excitation part and the light emitting surface are integrated. Can do.
- the headlamps according to Embodiments 1 to 10 can be used not only as headlamps but also as auxiliary lamps such as spot lamps and fog lamps that compensate for the light distribution and brightness of the headlamps.
- the light source for headlamps increases the intensity of light emitted in the normal direction from the edge of the light emitting surface, so that the light emitting surface is arranged perpendicular to the optical axis to direct light to the front of the vehicle. It is suitable for use as a light source for a projector-type headlight that projects onto a projector.
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Abstract
Description
なお、図36(a)と図36(b)の位置関係、および、図37(a)と図37(b)の位置関係は、下記実施の形態1において図5を参照して説明するので、ここでは詳述しない。また、図36の「凸レンズ半径相当のぼやけた光」は、下記実施の形態1において図6を参照して説明するので、ここでは詳述しない。
実施の形態1.
図1に示すように、本実施の形態1に係る前照灯はすれ違い用プロジェクタ式前照灯の一例であり、当前照灯の光軸に対して発光面を垂直に配置した発光面が略平面で特段の光学系部材を備えないLED(光源)1と、LED1の発光面から発する光を車両前方に投影する凸レンズ2と、LED1のヒートシンクおよび凸レンズ2の保持部材を兼用する反射鏡3と、これらLED1、凸レンズ2および反射鏡3からなる光学系を収容するケース4と、前面レンズ5とを備える。LED1の発光面を光軸より上方に配置すると共に、当発光面の光軸側の端辺1aを直線状に形成して光軸上に配置する。また、反射鏡3の反射面3aを、発光面の端辺1aと光軸とによって形成される面に配置する。
凸レンズ2から後方焦点FL2までの焦点距離より離れた位置にLED1を設置し、当LED1の端辺1aを凸レンズ2の光軸上に配する。また、凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2からLED1の発光面までの間に反射鏡3を設置し、当反射鏡3の反射面3aを凸レンズ2の光軸上に配する。ここでは、一例としてLED1の発光面から凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2までの距離を2mm、凸レンズ2の焦点距離を50mmとする。
また、凸レンズ2の代わりに、例えば上下方向の断面と左右方向の断面の曲率が異なる(焦点距離の異なる)非球面の凸レンズ2cを用いてもよい。図9A(a)に、凸レンズ2cを用いた光学系を、LED1の側方から見たときの上下方向(垂直方向)の様子を表し、図9A(b)にその照射光を表す。また、図9B(a)に、凸レンズ2cを用いた光学系を、LED1の上方から見たときの左右方向(水平方向)の様子を表し、図9B(c)にその照射光を表す。図示するように、凸レンズ2cの中央の厚さは同じまま、上下方向の断面と左右方向の断面の曲率を変え、上下方向と左右方向とで後方焦点FL2a,FL2bの位置を変え、上下方向における後方焦点FL2aに比べて左右方向の後方焦点FL2bの位置を後方にずらすことによって、前方に投影された光の上下方向の配光を上記と同様にしながら、左右方向の配光を広大することができる。
なお、上記においては、明暗の境界となるカットオフラインを鮮明にすることに注目しているが、上記構成に更なる光学的技法を付加することによって、さらに好ましい配光を形成することも可能である。そのために、反射面3aとLED1の直線状の端辺1aの位置関係は、厳密な意味で直線状に形成された発光面の端辺1aを通る直線と、厳密な意味で光軸に制限されることは無い。換言すれば、上記反射面は光軸と発光面の間に位置し、光軸に平行な直線と発光面の直線状端辺に平行な直線とによって形成された面であればよい。
図10は、本実施の形態2に係る前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、図10(a)は上部照射用LED6の側方から見たときの上下方向(垂直方向)の様子を表し、図10(b)は車両の前方に照射された照射光を車両側から見たときの様子を表す。なお、図10において図1~図9Bと同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
上記実施の形態1では、前照灯の光軸の下側を照らすすれ違い灯用の前照灯を構成したが、本実施の形態2では前照灯の光軸の上側を照らす上部照射用の前照灯を構成する。
図11は、本実施の形態3に係る前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、図11(a)はすれ違い用LED1および上部照射用LED6の側方から見たときの上下方向(垂直方向)の様子を表し、図11(b)は車両の前方に照射された照射光を車両側から見たときの様子を表す。なお、図11において図1~図10と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
本実施の形態3では、光軸の上下を同時に照らす走行灯用の前照灯を構成する。走行灯用の配光は、上記実施の形態1で説明した前照灯の光軸の下側を照らすすれ違い用の配光と、上記実施の形態2で説明した前照灯の光軸の上側を照らす上部照射用の配光を組み合わせることにより構成する。
一方、上部照射用LED(光源)6の発光面を光軸より下方に配置すると共に、当発光面の光軸側の端辺6aを直線状に形成して、反射鏡3の厚みやLEDの実装上の制約による間隙(図11(a)ではオフセットと表記)を設けて光軸から離間して配置する。また、反射鏡3の反射面3bを、発光面の端辺6aに平行な直線と光軸に平行な直線とによって形成される面に配置する。
そこで、本実施の形態3では、投影用の凸レンズ2と反射鏡3の間に導光部材7を設置して、光の方向を変える。図11(a)では、導光部材7として、板状の透明なプリズムまたは導光板を用いる。
他方の上部照射用LED6が発する光は、導光部材7のプリズム効果によって分光されても、走行灯用として同時点灯されるすれ違い用LED1の光と混合されるため、当分光された光は視認され難い。
詳細には、凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2の近傍にすれ違い灯のカットオフラインを形成する導光部材8の一方の端部を配置し、上部照射用LED6の等価的発光面側に導光部材8の他方の端部が配置される。したがって、上部照射用LED6の等価的発光面は、導光部材8の厚さに対応して凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2より後方に配置されることとなり、上部照射用LED6の等価的発光面の輪郭を車両の前方に鮮明に投影することができる。
ここで、図14に示す光軸に対して平行に導光部材8に入射する光の入射角(i)と、導光部材8の光軸に対する傾き(θ)との関係は、(i)=(θ)である。導光部材8の相対屈折率 (n)=sin(i)/sin(r)から、屈折角(r)を求めて上式(1)に代入すれば、導光部材8の 板厚tが得られる。
図示は省略するが、光軸下側の導光部材7の板厚についても同様に設定すればよい。
また、図15の場合、上下それぞれの導光部材7,8の板厚を薄くすることができ、導光部材7,8のプリズム効果によって発生する分光が軽減される。
図16は、本実施の形態4に係る前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、すれ違い用LED1および上部照射用LED6の側方から見たときの上下方向(垂直方向)の様子を表す。なお、図16において図1~図15と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。ここでは、すれ違い用LED1の端辺1aと反射鏡3の反射面3aを光軸上に配置し、上部照射用LED6の端辺6aと反射面3bを光軸から離間して配置した走行灯用プロジェクタ式前照灯の光学系を例示する。
また、反射面3aと面一な上面7aがカットオフラインの上下の配光の境界を担うことになるので、上面7aの端部を凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2の近傍に配置する。
図17に、導光部材7’を用いた前照灯の光学系を示す。図17の例では、光が出射する面に対して、光が入射する面を傾けて形成、換言すれば、三角プリズム状あるいはレンズ状に形成した透明な導光部材7’を使用する。これにより、入射した光を屈曲しながら、入射光の方向とは異なる方向に光を出射する。
また、上記においては、明暗の境界となるカットオフラインを鮮明にすることに注目しているが、上記構成に更なる光学的技法を付加することによって、さらに好ましい配光を形成することも可能である。そのために、凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2の近傍に配置する導光部材の上面端部の位置は厳密な意味で凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2に制限されることは無い。同様に、反射面とLEDの直線状の端辺の位置関係は、厳密な意味で直線状に形成された発光面の端辺を通る直線と、厳密な意味で光軸に平行な直線に制限されることは無い。換言すれば、上記反射面は光軸と発光面の間に位置し、光軸に平行な直線と発光面の直線状端辺に平行な直線とによって形成された面であればよい。
上記実施の形態4では、反射鏡3の反射面3aと導光部材7の上面7aを反射面として作用させる構成にしたが、導光部材7の上面7aを反射鏡3の反射面3aとして作用させ、反射鏡3を省略することも可能である。
図18は、本実施の形態5に係る前照灯の断面図を示し、図1~図17と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。図18では、すれ違い用LED1と上部照射用LED6のヒートシンクを兼ねた保持部材30が、凸レンズ2と導光部材7を保持している。また、すれ違い用LED1の端辺1aを前照灯の光軸上に配置すると共に発光面を光軸の上側に配置する。導光部材7の上面7aを光軸上に配置して、すれ違い用LED1の発する光を反射させて、カットオフライン近傍を明るく照らす。
この構成の場合にも、上記実施の形態4と同様、導光部材7の上面7aがカットオフラインの上下の配光の境界を担うことになるので、上面7aの端部を凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2(不図示)の近傍に配置する。
また、導光部材7を使用して、光軸から離れた位置にある上部照射用LED6の直線状の端辺6aを等価的に光軸上に配置するようにしたので、LEDの実装上の制約等によるすれ違い用LED1と上部照射用LED6の間隙を光学的に相殺することができ、走行灯点灯時にカットオフライン上部に暗部を発生しない。
さらに、上部照射用LED6の発する直接光に、反射面として作用する導光部材7の上面7aで反射した反射光が合成されて、等価的に端辺6aから発光面の法線方向に発する光の強度を高めることができる。よって、この上部照射用LED6の発する光によってカットオフライン近傍を明るく照らす。
上記より、一式の光源で、すれ違い灯用の配光と走行灯用の配光を形成する前照灯用光源を実現できる。
なお、上記においては、明暗の境界となるカットオフラインを鮮明にすることに注目しているが、上記構成に更なる光学的技法を付加することによって、さらに好ましい配光を形成することも可能である。そのために、導光部材7の上面7aの位置は、厳密な意味で光軸に制限されることは無く、光軸と発光面の間に配置すればよい。また、導光部材7の上面端部の位置は厳密な意味での凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2に制限されること無く、その近傍に配置される構成でも構わない。
図19は、実施の形態6に係る前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、すれ違い用LED1および上部照射用LED6の側方から見たときの上下方向(垂直方向)の様子を表す。なお、図19において図1~図18と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
図19では、上部照射用LED6の端辺6aと導光部材8の下面8aを光軸上に配置し、当下面8aを反射面として利用して端辺6aから法線方向に発する光を強くする。また、光軸の上方に、光軸から離間してすれ違い用LED1を配置し、すれ違い用LED1の発する光を導光部材8で屈曲させて光軸側に近づける。また、導光部材8の下面8aは、上部照射用LED6が発する光を反射する反射面として作用するだけでなく、すれ違い用LED1から導光部材8へ入射した光を内部で反射する反射鏡としても作用する。
図21は、本実施の形態7に係る前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、上部照射用LED6の側方から見たときの上下方向(垂直方向)の様子を表す。なお、図21において図1~図20と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
ここでは、上部照射用LED6の端辺6aと反射面3bを光軸から離間して配置した前照灯の光学系を例示し、光軸より上方のすれ違い用LED1等は図示を省略している。本実施の形態7でも、上部照射用LED6の発する光を導光部材7で屈曲させて離間分をオフセットするが、この導光部材7として、光を入射する面および出射する面に加え、入射した光を内部で反射する反射面7b(第2の内側反射面)を備えた導光部材7”(プリズム)を使用する。
このように、図22の構成例は、本発明の構成より複雑であり、本発明の「発光面を前照灯の光軸に対して垂直に配置する」構成から逸脱するため、参考扱いとする。
図23は、本実施の形態8に係る走行灯用プロジェクタ式前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、図23(a)はすれ違い用LED1と上部照射用LED6の各発光面A~Jを凸レンズ2側から見た正面図、図23(b)は側面図である。なお、図23において図1~図22と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
すれ違い用LED1を複数のLED1F~1Jで構成すると共に、上部照射用LED6を複数のLED6A~6Eで構成する。また、反射鏡3の反射面3a,3bのうち、車両の対向車線側に位置する反射面領域3c,3dを、下方へ傾斜する形状に形成する。そのため、車両の対向車線側に位置する反射面領域3c,3dが、車両の歩道側に位置する反射面3a,3bに比べて低い位置に配置されている。
前照灯の光軸の上側に配置されたLED1F~1Jの発光面F~Jの下部端辺、車両の対向車線側に位置する反射面領域3c,3d、および車両の歩道側に位置する反射面3a,3bによってカットオフラインを形成し、当LED1F~1Jによってカットオフラインの下側を照らしてすれ違い灯用の配光を形成する。つまり、カットオフラインは車両の対向車線側に位置する反射面領域3c,3dと、車両の歩道側に位置する反射面3a,3bの屈曲に相当する屈曲を備え、車両前方の歩道側は高い位置まで照らし、車両前方の対向車線側は対向車を運転するドライバを眩惑することが無い低い位置を照らすすれ違い灯用の配光を実現することができる。
また、反射鏡3の反射面3aと導光部材7の上面7aを面一にして、上面7aを反射面として作用させる場合(上記実施の形態3の構成)には、上面7aの一部を傾斜させて、反射鏡3の反射面3aおよび反射面領域3cと面一になるよう形成すればよい。
上記実施の形態8では、上部照射用LED6を成すLED6A~6Eを同時に点灯する場合を説明したが、本実施の形態9ではLED6A~6Eを個別に点灯および消灯する前照灯を説明する。
図25は、本実施の形態9に係る走行灯用プロジェクタ式前照灯の光学系を説明する図であり、図25(a)はすれ違い用LED1(LED1F~1J)と上部照射用LED6(LED6A~6E)の各発光面A~Jを凸レンズ2側から見た正面図、図25(b)は側面図である。なお、図25において図1~図24と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。本実施の形態9では、個別に点灯および消灯するLED6A~6Eに対して、それぞれのLEDを仕切る仕切り用反射鏡11-1~11-4を設置している。
つまり、カットオフラインを形成する反射鏡3の凸レンズ2側端部を凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2近傍に配置して、LED6A~6Eの照射光の輪郭を形成する仕切り用反射鏡11-1~11-4の凸レンズ2側端部(開口部)を、凸レンズ2の後方焦点FL2から後方へ遠ざけることにより、凸レンズ2によってカットオフラインを形成する平行光が照射され、仕切り用反射鏡の開口部の形状の実像が投影される。したがって、凸レンズ2から投影されるLED6A~6Eの仕切り用反射鏡11-1~11-4の開口部の輪郭、即ち、それぞれの照射光の輪郭が鮮明になる。
この例では、LEDの周囲の明るさに応じて電圧を発生する特性を利用して、LED6A~6Eを発光素子としてだけでなく、受光素子としても使用する。たとえば、図29に示すように、自車両の前照灯のLED6A~6Eが対向車200の前照灯が発する光を受光したとき、当受光したLEDの発生する電圧が高くなるので、当受光したLEDを点灯しなければ、対向車の前照灯に対して光を発することが無い。つまり、対向車200を運転するドライバを眩惑しない前照灯を実現することができる。
もちろん、点灯中、即ち電圧を印加しているLEDに外部から光を照射しても、上記電圧の変化を得ることはできないので、点灯しているLEDを一瞬消灯し、受光素子状態にして、上記操作をおこなう。そしてこの消灯動作中に、対向車200の明るさを検知して電圧が高くなったLEDに対して、再びLEDを点灯するときに点灯動作を行なわなければ(消灯すれば)、上記動作となる。
図30は、本実施の形態9に係る前照灯の光学系の変形例を説明する図であり、光軸の下側に上部照射用LED6を成すLED6A~6Eを配置すると共に、LED6A~6Eそれぞれの発光面と対向する位置に導光部材7-1~7-6を配置する。隣接する導光部材7-1と導光部材7-2の間に間隙を設けることにより、相対する側面7cを仕切り用反射鏡11-1~11-4の反射面として作用させることができる。導光部材7-2~7-5についても同様である。従って、LED6A~6Eが発する光は、対向する導光部材7-1~7-5の内部に入射して側面7cで反射しながら不図示の凸レンズ2の方向に導かれる。導光部材7-1~7-5の出射面(凸レンズ2に対向する面)それぞれには、鮮明に区画化された等価的発光面が形成される。
このように、相対する側面7cの間の薄い空気の層を仕切りとして利用することができ、仕切り用反射鏡11-1~11-4による仕切りよりさらに薄い仕切りを実現できる。
上記実施の形態1~9では光源にLEDを用いたが、本実施の形態10では蛍光材を励起して発光させる構成の光源を用いる場合を説明する。
図33は、実施の形態10に係るすれ違い用プロジェクタ式前照灯の構成を示す断面図であり、図1~図32と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。実施の形態10に係る前照灯においては、光軸に対して蛍光体20の発光面を垂直に配置し、蛍光体20の発光面に向けてレーザ発振器21からレーザ光を照射する。あるいは、レーザ発振器21の代わりに青色のLEDの発する青色光を蛍光体20に向けて照射しても、電子線や電磁波を蛍光体20に向けて照射してもよい。この蛍光体20の発光面はその端辺20aの形状を直線状に形成して、端辺20aを光軸上に配置すると共に、反射鏡3の反射面3aを光軸上に形成する。このように、レーザ発振器21とそのレーザ光、および蛍光体20で光源を構成した場合でも、蛍光体20の端辺20aから法線方向に発する光を強くすることができ、カットオフラインが鮮明になる。
また、図33では、光軸の上方にレーザ発振器21と蛍光体20を配置してすれ違い灯を構成したが、これに限定されるものではなく、光軸の下方にもレーザ発振器21と蛍光体20を配置してすれ違い灯と組み合わせ、走行灯を構成することも可能である。
Claims (18)
- 前照灯の光軸に対して垂直に配置された発光面から発する光を、凸レンズを通して車両前方に照射する前照灯用光源であって、
前記発光面の端辺が、直線状に形成されて、前記光軸上または前記光軸の近傍に配置された光源と、
前記光軸に平行な直線と前記発光面の前記直線状の端辺に平行な直線とによって形成され前記光軸と前記発光面の間に位置する面に設けられ、前記光源から発せられた光を反射する反射面とを備えたことを特徴とする前照灯用光源。 - 前照灯の光軸に対して垂直に配置された発光面から発する光を、凸レンズを通して車両前方に照射する前照灯用光源であって、
前記発光面の端辺が、直線状に形成されて、前記光軸から離間して配置された光源と、
前記光軸に平行な直線と前記発光面の前記直線状の端辺に平行な直線とによって形成され前記光軸と前記発光面の間に位置する面に設けられ、前記光源から発せされた光を反射する反射面と、
前記反射面と前記凸レンズの間に、前記発光面から発せられた光を前記光軸側へ近づける導光部材とを備えたことを特徴とする前照灯用光源。 - 前照灯の光軸に対して垂直に配置された発光面から発する光を、凸レンズを通して車両前方に照射する前照灯用光源であって、
前記発光面の端辺が、直線状に形成されて、前記光軸から離間して配置された光源と、
前記発光面から発せられた光を前記光軸側へ近づける導光部材とを備え、
前記導光部材は、前記光軸に平行な直線と前記発光面の前記直線状の端辺に平行な直線とによって形成される面に対応する平面を有し、当平面の内側を前記光源から発せられた光を反射する反射面とすることを特徴とする前照灯用光源。 - 前記反射面は、前記車両の対向車線側に位置する領域と歩道側に位置する領域とに区画され、当対向車線側に位置する領域が当歩道側に位置する領域より下方に形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記光源の発光面は、前記光軸の上方に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記光源の発光面は、前記光軸の下方に配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記光源の発光面は、前記光軸の上方および下方にそれぞれ配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記光源の発光面は複数に区画され、当区画毎に点灯および消灯することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項7のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記導光部材の前記平面の外側を、前記光源から発せられた光を反射する反射面とすることを特徴とする請求項3記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記導光部材は、前記光軸に直交する面に対して、前記光源から発せられた光が出射する出射面が傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項2または請求項3記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記導光部材は、前記光源から発せられた光が入射する入射面と、前記出射面が平行であることを特徴とする請求項10記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記導光部材は、前記光源から発せられた光が入射する入射面に対して、前記出射面が傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項10記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記導光部材の入射面で反射した、前記光源から発せられた光を当入射面に向けて反射する第2の反射面を備えたことを特徴とする請求項10記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記導光部材は、前記光源から発せられた光が入射する入射面と、当入射した光を前記導光部材内部で反射する第2の内側反射面と、当第2の内側反射面が反射した光を出射する出射面とを有することを特徴とする請求項2または請求項3記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記光源は、蛍光材を用いて形成された前記発光面を励起して発光させる構成であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項14のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 前記光源は、LEDであることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項15のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源。
- 請求項1から請求項16のうちのいずれか1項記載の前照灯用光源を使用することを特徴とする前照灯。
- 前記前照灯用光源には、受光素子として使用することのできる発光素子を使用し、当受光素子を兼ねる発光素子が外部から前記前照灯に入射された光を検知したときは、当発光素子を点灯しないことを特徴とする請求項17記載の前照灯。
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JP7258149B2 (ja) | 2020-01-20 | 2023-04-14 | ▲華▼域▲視▼▲覺▼科技(上▲海▼)有限公司 | ヘッドランプ用光学素子、ヘッドランプモジュール、車ライト、及び車両 |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN104603524B (zh) | 2017-03-01 |
JP5805327B2 (ja) | 2015-11-04 |
JPWO2014033834A1 (ja) | 2016-08-08 |
DE112012006849T5 (de) | 2015-05-28 |
US20150219300A1 (en) | 2015-08-06 |
CN104603524A (zh) | 2015-05-06 |
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