WO2013168759A1 - 芳香環化合物 - Google Patents
芳香環化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013168759A1 WO2013168759A1 PCT/JP2013/063029 JP2013063029W WO2013168759A1 WO 2013168759 A1 WO2013168759 A1 WO 2013168759A1 JP 2013063029 W JP2013063029 W JP 2013063029W WO 2013168759 A1 WO2013168759 A1 WO 2013168759A1
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- optionally substituted
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- salt
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- 0 CC(C(N*=C)=O)=C(*)OC(*)=* Chemical compound CC(C(N*=C)=O)=C(*)OC(*)=* 0.000 description 10
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1CCCCC1 Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D491/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00
- C07D491/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed ring system both one or more rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms and one or more rings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by groups C07D451/00 - C07D459/00, C07D463/00, C07D477/00 or C07D489/00 in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
- C07D491/04—Ortho-condensed systems
- C07D491/044—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring
- C07D491/048—Ortho-condensed systems with only one oxygen atom as ring hetero atom in the oxygen-containing ring the oxygen-containing ring being five-membered
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/04—Anorexiants; Antiobesity agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D519/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing more than one system of two or more relevant hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system not provided for in groups C07D453/00 or C07D455/00
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aromatic ring compound which has a melanin-concentrating hormone (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as MCH) receptor antagonistic action and is useful as a preventive / therapeutic agent for obesity and the like.
- MCH melanin-concentrating hormone
- MCH is a hormone derived from the hypothalamus and is known to have an appetite enhancing action. Furthermore, it has been reported that MCH knockout mice have significantly reduced food consumption and light weight compared to normal mice despite normal behavior (Nature, 396, 670, (1998). Furthermore, it has been reported that mice lacking MCH receptor 1 show a lean phenotype (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 99, 3240, 2002). From these facts, MCH receptor (particularly MCH receptor 1) antagonists are expected to become excellent appetite suppressants or anti-obesity agents.
- Patent Document 1 the formula:
- R 1 and R 2 are the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted lower alkyl group or an optionally substituted lower cycloalkyl group, or R 1 and R 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form an optionally substituted aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle
- X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are the same or different and each represents an optionally substituted methine group or a nitrogen atom, provided that all of X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are nitrogen atoms at the same time.
- Y 1 represents a single bond, —O—, —NR—, —S—, —SO— or —SO 2 —
- Y 2 represents an optionally substituted lower alkylene group, an optionally substituted lower alkenylene group or an optionally substituted lower cycloalkylene group.
- Y 3 represents a single bond, —O—, —NR—, —S—, —SO— or —SO 2 —
- R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group
- W 1 , W 2 , W 3 and W 4 are the same or different and each represents a single bond, an optionally substituted methylene group or —O—, provided that W 1 , W 2 , W 4 2 or more of 3 and W 4 are not simultaneously -O-
- L represents a single bond, an optionally substituted methylene group or an optionally substituted ethylene group
- L binds Z 2 , R 1 and R 2
- an optionally substituted aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocycle may be formed
- Z 1 and Z 2 are the same or different and each represents a single bond, an optionally substituted C 1-4 alkylene group or —O—
- Ar 1 represents an aromatic carbocyclic group which may optionally have a substituent or an aromatic heterocycl
- Patent Document 2 discloses a compound of the following formula.
- R is NR 1 R 2 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are each independently selected from H and optionally substituted alkyl, or R 1 and R 2 are adjacent to each other Together with the N atom to form a 4-7 membered optionally substituted heterocycle which may contain 1 or 2 heteroatoms in addition to the indicated N atom, R 3 and R 4 are each independently selected from H and alkyl, or R, R 3 and R 4 can be combined to form an optionally substituted imidazolin-2-yl , B is aryl or heteroaryl, and R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently selected from H, —OH, —O-alkyl, alkyl, halo, —CF 3 , and —CN; However, the compound is
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses compounds of the following formula.
- R is phenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2-methoxyphenyl, Pyridin-2-yl or pyrimidin-2-yl.
- R 1 and R 2 are independently halogen, hydrogen, —OH, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, —O-halogen substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl and halogen substituted C 1 —.
- R 4 is halogen, hydrogen, —OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, —O-halogen substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halogen substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, cyano, SO 2 C 1 -C 6 alkyl or an aromatic ring B, together with Q and R 4 form a heterocyclic aryl ring;
- R 4 forms a heteroaryl with hydrogen, oxo, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, halogen substituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl or aromatic rings B, R 3 and Q, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkyl with R 5 Forming;
- R 5 , R 6 and R 7 are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -
- Ar 1 represents a cyclic group which may have a substituent
- X and Y are the same or different and represent a 1 to 6 atom spacer of the main chain
- Ar represents a condensed polycyclic aromatic ring optionally having a substituent
- R 1 and R 2 may be the same or different and each represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, or R 1 and R 2 may have a substituent together with the adjacent nitrogen atom.
- R 2 may form a nitrogen-containing heterocycle which may have a substituent with the adjacent nitrogen atom and Y, and R 2 is an adjacent nitrogen atom , Y and Ar may form a nitrogen-containing condensed ring which may have a substituent] Or a salt thereof is disclosed.
- Ar represents an optionally substituted ring; A represents a spacer having 1 to 4 main chain atoms; B represents a bond, a C 1-10 alkylene group or an oxygen atom; R 3 and R 5 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent; R 4 represents an optionally substituted cyclic group or an optionally substituted C 1-10 alkyl group; R 1 and R 2 independently represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, R 1 is bonded to R 2 or B to form an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring, or R 1 is A nitrogen-containing condensed heterocyclic ring which may be substituted by binding to Ar is formed] Or a salt thereof is disclosed.
- the present inventors have MCH receptor antagonism and toxicity (especially, in human drug discovery, cardiotoxicity (eg, human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibitory activity)
- cardiotoxicity eg, human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) inhibitory activity
- PLsis phospholipidosis
- the compound (I) described below has an excellent MCH receptor antagonistic activity and is a conventional MCH receptor antagonist
- toxicity such as cardiotoxicity (eg, hERG inhibitory activity) and PLsis-inducing ability is low, and the present invention has been completed.
- Ring AB may be further substituted;
- Ar 1 represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring group;
- X 1 represents CR 1 or N;
- X 2 and X 3 independently represent CH or N;
- One of Y 1 and Y 2 is a carbon atom and the other is a nitrogen atom;
- W is a bond, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group, or an optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenylene group;
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted
- a preferred C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group is shown.
- Ring AB is Selected from (1) a C 1-6 alkyl group and (2) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 hydroxy groups and optionally substituted by a C 1-6 alkyl group
- a method for antagonizing melanin-concentrating hormone receptor in the mammal [13] An effective amount of the compound or salt thereof according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] is administered to a mammal. , A method of suppressing feeding in the mammal; [14] An effective amount of the compound or salt thereof according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] is administered to a mammal.
- a method for preventing or treating obesity in said mammal [15] The compound or salt thereof according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] for producing a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor antagonist Use of; [16] Use of the compound or salt thereof according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] for producing an antifeedant agent; [17] The compound or salt thereof according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] for producing an agent for preventing or treating obesity Use of; [18] The compound according to [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] or a salt thereof for use in antagonizing a melanin-concentrating hormone receptor ; [19] The compound or salt thereof according to the above [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6] or [7] for use in feeding suppression; [20] The compound or salt thereof according to [1], [2
- Compound (I) has a high MCH receptor antagonistic activity, and has low toxicity such as cardiotoxicity (eg, hERG inhibitory activity) and PLsis-inducing ability as compared with conventional MCH receptor antagonists. Therefore, Compound (I) is very useful as a preventive / therapeutic agent for obesity and the like.
- Halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom unless otherwise specified.
- C 1-6 alkyl group means methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl unless otherwise specified. , Isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl and the like.
- C 1-6 alkyl group” of the “ optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions. May be. Examples of such substituent include the following substituent group A. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- Substituent group A (1) C 3-10 cycloalkyl group (eg, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl); (2) (a) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (B) a hydroxy group, (C) a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (d) C 6- optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen atoms.
- C 3-10 cycloalkyl group eg, cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl
- B a hydroxy group
- C C a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms
- C 6- optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen atoms.
- aryl groups eg, phenyl, naphthyl
- (3) (a) a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (B) a hydroxy group, (C) a C 1-6 alkoxy group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (d) an aromatic heterocycle which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen atoms.
- a cyclic group (eg, thienyl, furyl, pyridyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl); (4) (a) a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (B) a hydroxy group, (C) a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (d) a non-aromatic group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen atoms
- a heterocyclic group eg, tetrahydrofuryl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, piperazinyl); (5) (a) a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (B
- a C 6-14 aryl-carbonyl group eg, benzoyl
- (19) a non-aromatic heterocyclic carbonyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 C 1-6 alkyl groups optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms eg, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, mol Folinylcarbonyl, 1,1-dioxidethiomorpholinylcarbonyl
- (20) a mercapto group (21) a C 1-6 alkylthio group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms (eg, methylthio, ethylthio);
- (22) C 7-13 aralkylthio group eg, benzylthio
- (23) C 6-14 arylthio group eg, phenylthio, naphthylthio
- C 1-6 alkoxy group means methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy and the like unless otherwise specified.
- the “C 1-6 alkoxy group” of the “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group” has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions. May be. Examples of such a substituent include the above substituent group A. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- C 3-10 cycloalkyl group means cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, adamantyl and the like, unless otherwise specified.
- the “C 3-10 cycloalkyl group” of the “ optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group” has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions. You may do it. As such a substituent, the following substituent group B is mentioned, for example. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- Substituent group B (1) Substituent group A; (2) (a) a halogen atom, (B) a carboxy group, (C) a hydroxy group, (D) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group, (E) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, (F) an amino group which may be mono- or disubstituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group, and (g) a C 3-10 cycloalkyloxy group (preferably cyclopropyloxy) A C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: (3) (a) a halogen atom, (B) a carboxy group, (C) a hydroxy group, (D) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group, (E) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, (F) an amino group optionally mono- or di-substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group, and (g) a C 3-10
- a C 2-6 alkenyl group (eg, ethenyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from: (4) a C 2-6 alkynyl group (eg, ethynyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 C 3-10 cycloalkyl groups (eg, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl); (5) (a) a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms, (B) a hydroxy group, (C) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, and (d) a C 7-13 aralkyl group (eg, benzyl) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from halogen atoms; and (6) oxo Group.
- a C 2-6 alkynyl group eg, ethynyl
- C 3-10 cycloalkyl groups eg, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl
- “5- or 6-membered aromatic ring group” means a phenyl group or a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” includes, for example, a 5- or 6-membered ring containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom in addition to a carbon atom.
- An aromatic heterocyclic group is mentioned.
- Furyl eg, 2-furyl, 3-furyl
- thienyl eg, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl
- pyridyl eg, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl
- pyrimidinyl eg, 2-pyrimidinyl
- 5-pyrimidinyl eg, 5-pyrimidinyl
- pyridazinyl eg, 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl
- pyrazinyl eg, 2-pyrazinyl
- pyrrolyl eg, 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl
- imidazolyl Eg, 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl
- pyrazolyl eg, 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl
- the “5- or 6-membered aromatic ring group” of the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring group” has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions. You may do it. Examples of such a substituent include a substituent selected from (1) to (5) of the above substituent group B. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- the “C 1-6 alkylene group” means —CH 2 —, — (CH 2 ) 2 —, — (CH 2 ) 3 —, — (CH 2 ) 4 —, — (CH 2 ), unless otherwise specified. 5 —, — (CH 2 ) 6 —, —CH (CH 3 ) —, —CH (CH 2 CH 3 ) —, —CH (CH (CH 3 ) 2 ) —, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, —CH 2 —CH (CH 3 ) —, —CH (CH 3 ) —CH 2 —, — (CH (CH 3 )) 2 —, — (CH 2 ) 2 —C (CH 3 ) 2 —, — ( CH 2 ) 3 —C (CH 3 ) 2 — and the like.
- the “C 1-6 alkylene group” of the “ optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group” has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions. May be. Examples of such a substituent include the following substituent group C. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- Substituent group C (1) Substituent group A; and (2) an oxo group.
- the “C 2-6 alkenylene group” means —CH ⁇ CH—, —CH ⁇ CH—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—, —C (CH 3 ) 2 —CH ⁇ , unless otherwise specified.
- CH—, —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—CH 2 —, —CH 2 —CH 2 —CH ⁇ CH—, —CH ⁇ CH—CH ⁇ CH—, —C (CH 3 ) CH—, —CH ⁇ C (CH 3 ) —, —CH ⁇ C (CH 2 CH 3 ) — and the like are meant.
- the “C 2-6 alkenylene group” of the “optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenylene group” has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions. May be. Examples of such a substituent include the above substituent group C. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- Ring AB may further have 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions.
- substituents include a substituent selected from (1) to (5) of the above substituent group B. When two or more substituents are present, each substituent may be the same or different.
- Preferred examples of the substituent that the ring AB may further include include the following substituent group D.
- Ring AB may preferably have a substituent on ring B.
- Substituent group D (1) a halogen atom, (2) a cyano group, (3) a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted aromatic ring group, — A C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from CO—R 7A and —S (O) n1 —R 7B ; (4) a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, an optionally substituted aromatic ring group,- A C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from CO—R 8A and —S (O) n2 —R 8B ; (5) an optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenyl group,
- R 7A , R 7B , R 8A , R 8B and R 9 are preferably independently A C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group A; A C 3-10 cycloalkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from substituent group B, or 1 or 2 selected from (1) to (5) of substituent group B It is an amino group which may be substituted with one substituent.
- R 7A , R 7B , R 8A , R 8B and R 9 are more preferably independently a C 1-6 alkyl group, a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, a (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group, a di group A (C 1-6 alkyl) amino group or a (hydroxy-C 1-6 alkyl) amino group.
- Examples of “cyclic group” of “optionally substituted cyclic group” in Substituent Group D include C 3-10 cycloalkyl group, C 6-14 aryl group, heterocyclic group and the like.
- Examples of the C 6-14 aryl group include phenyl, naphthyl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, acenaphthylenyl and the like.
- Examples of the heterocyclic group include 4- to 6-membered heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from oxygen atoms, sulfur atoms and nitrogen atoms in addition to carbon atoms.
- the substituent that the ring AB may further have is more preferably (1) a halogen atom, (2) a cyano group, (3) a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, and a substituent group A, 1 selected from a substituent group B A C 3-10 cycloalkyl group which may be substituted with 3 to 3 substituents, and a substituent which is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from (1) to (5) of Substituent Group B A good aromatic ring group, a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from —CO—R 7A and —S (O) n1 —R 7B ; (4) a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a cyano group, a hydroxy group, and a substituent group A,
- a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: (3) (a) a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom), (B) a cyano group, (C) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom and a hydroxy group, (D) a carbamoyl group, (E) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, (F) an oxo group, (G) a hydroxy group, (H) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group, and (i) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group (eg, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a carboxy group , Cyclopentyl), (4) A tetrahydrofuranyl group (eg, tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran
- the substituent that the ring AB may have is even more preferably, (1) (a) a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom), (B) a cyano group, (C) a hydroxy group, (D) a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (e) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group (eg, cyclopropyl).
- a halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom
- B a cyano group
- C a hydroxy group
- D a C 1-6 alkoxy group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms
- a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group eg, cyclopropyl
- a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from: (2) (a) a halogen atom (eg, a fluorine atom), (B) a cyano group, (C) a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom and a hydroxy group, (D) a carbamoyl group, (E) a C 1-6 alkoxy group, (F) an oxo group, (G) a hydroxy group, (H) a C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl group, and (i) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group (eg, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a carboxy group , Cyclopentyl) 1 to 3 substituents selected from: (2) (a) a halogen atom (eg, a fluorine atom), (B)
- the substituent that the ring AB may further have is particularly preferably (1) a C 1-6 alkyl group, and (2) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxy groups (eg, , Cyclopropyl) 1 to 3 (preferably 1 or 2) substituents selected from
- Ar 1 represents an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring group.
- Ar 1 is an optionally substituted phenyl group, or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom in addition to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom.
- 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups containing 1 to 4 heteroatoms selected from:
- Ar 1 is preferably A phenyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from (1) to (5) of substituent group B, or selected from (1) to (5) of substituent group B
- a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents preferably a hetero atom selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom in addition to a carbon atom as a ring-constituting atom
- 1 to 4 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic groups such as pyridyl, thienyl, thiazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl).
- Ar 1 is more preferably (A) a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom), (B) a cyano group, (C) a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, trifluoromethyl group) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (d) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms
- a phenyl group, a pyridyl group eg, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridine-4-
- thienyl groups eg, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl
- thiazolyl groups eg, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-5-yl
- pyrazolyl groups eg, pyrazol-3-yl
- Ar 1 is more preferably (A) a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom), (B) a cyano group, (C) a C 1-6 alkyl group (eg, trifluoromethyl group) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, and (d) optionally substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms
- a phenyl group, a pyridyl group eg, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridine-4-
- thienyl group eg, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl
- furyl group eg, furan-2-yl
- Ar 1 is still more preferably a phenyl group, a pyridyl group (eg, pyridin-2-yl, pyridine-), each of which may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom). 3-yl, pyridin-4-yl), a thienyl group (eg, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl) or a furyl group (eg, furan-2-yl).
- a phenyl group eg, pyridin-2-yl, pyridine-
- halogen atoms eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom
- a thienyl group eg, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl
- a furyl group eg, furan-2-yl.
- Ar 1 is a phenyl group or a pyridyl group, each of which may be substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom).
- halogen atoms eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom
- X 1 represents CR 1 or N.
- X 1 is preferably CR 1 .
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, an optionally substituted C 3-10 cycloalkyl group or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkoxy group, Indicates.
- R 1 is preferably Hydrogen atom, A halogen atom, A C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group A; A C 3-10 cycloalkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group B, or 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group A.
- R 1 is more preferably A hydrogen atom, or a C 1-6 alkyl group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxy group and a C 1-6 alkoxy group.
- R 1 is more preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group, and particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
- X 1 is preferably CH.
- X 2 and X 3 independently represent CH or N.
- a preferred combination of X 2 and X 3 is X 2 and X 3 are CH, X 2 is N and X 3 is CH, or X 2 is CH and X 3 is N. X 2 and X 3 are preferably CH.
- One of Y 1 and Y 2 represents a carbon atom and the other represents a nitrogen atom.
- And ring AB may be further substituted.
- the ring represented by is called ring AB.
- W represents a bond, an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group, or an optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenylene group.
- W is preferably Join hands, A C 1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group C, or 1 to 3 substituents selected from Substituent Group C; Or a C 2-6 alkenylene group.
- W is more preferably Join hands, C 1-6 alkylene group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from oxo group and hydroxy group, or 1 to 3 substituents selected from oxo group and hydroxy group An optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenylene group.
- W is more preferably a bond, a C 1-6 alkylene group, or a C 2-6 alkenylene group.
- W is particularly preferably a bond.
- Ring AB is (1) a C 1-6 alkyl group, and (2) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxy groups (eg, , Cyclopropyl) May be further substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from:
- Ar 1 is a phenyl group, a pyridyl group (eg, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridine) each optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom) -4-yl), a thienyl group (eg, thiophen-2-yl, thiophen-3-yl) or a furyl group (eg, furan-2-yl);
- X 1 is CR 1 ;
- X 2 and X 3 are CH;
- Ring AB is (1) a C 1-6 alkyl group, and (2) a C 3-10 cycloalkyl group optionally substituted with a C 1-6 alkyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 hydroxy groups (eg, , Cyclopropyl) May be further substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from:
- Ar 1 is a phenyl group or a pyridyl group (eg, pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridine) each optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom) -4-yl);
- X 1 is CR 1 ;
- X 2 and X 3 are CH;
- One of Y 1 and Y 2 is a carbon atom and the other is a nitrogen atom; W is a bond; and
- R 1 is a hydrogen atom, or a salt thereof.
- compound (I) More preferred examples include the compounds described in the following examples or salts thereof.
- salts include pharmaceutically acceptable salts such as salts with inorganic bases, ammonium salts, salts with organic bases, salts with inorganic acids, organic acids And salts with basic, acidic amino acids and the like.
- the salt with an inorganic base include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt, magnesium salt and barium salt; aluminum salt and the like.
- salt with an organic base examples include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dicyclohexylamine, N, N′-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like.
- salt with inorganic acid examples include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
- the salt with organic acid include formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p- Examples thereof include salts with toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
- salts with basic amino acids include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like.
- salt with acidic amino acid include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.
- Compound (I) may be either an anhydride or a hydrate.
- Compound (I) may be a solvate or a solvate.
- the compound (I) may be labeled with an isotope (eg, 3 H, 11 C, 14 C, 18 F, 35 S, 125 I).
- an isotope eg, 3 H, 11 C, 14 C, 18 F, 35 S, 125 I.
- the compound (I) may be a deuterium converter obtained by converting 1 H into 2 H (D).
- Compound (I) labeled or substituted with an isotope can be used, for example, as a tracer (PET tracer) used in positron emission tomography (PET), and is useful in fields such as medical diagnosis.
- PET tracer positron emission tomography
- Compound (I) may be a pharmaceutically acceptable cocrystal or cocrystal salt.
- co-crystals or co-crystal salts are two or more unique at room temperature, each having different physical properties (eg structure, melting point, heat of fusion, hygroscopicity, solubility and stability). It means a crystalline substance composed of a simple solid.
- the cocrystal or cocrystal salt can be produced according to a cocrystallization method known per se.
- compound (I) contains optical isomers, stereoisomers, positional isomers, and rotational isomers, these are also included as compound (I), and are synthesized by a known synthesis method and separation method, respectively. Can be obtained as a single product.
- compound (I) has an optical isomer, the optical isomer resolved from the compound is also encompassed in compound (I).
- the optical isomer can be produced by a method known per se (eg, fractional recrystallization method, chiral column method, diastereomer method).
- Racemate and optically active compound for example, (+)-mandelic acid, ( ⁇ )-mandelic acid, (+)-tartaric acid, ( ⁇ )-tartaric acid, (+)-1-phenethylamine, (-)-1-phenethylamine, cinchonine, (-)-cinchonidine, brucine
- Racemate and optically active compound for example, (+)-mandelic acid, ( ⁇ )-mandelic acid, (+)-tartaric acid, ( ⁇ )-tartaric acid, (+)-1-phenethylamine, (-)-1-phenethylamine, cinchonine, (-)-cinchonidine, brucine
- Chiral column method A method in which a racemate or a salt thereof is separated by applying to an optical isomer separation column (chiral column).
- an optical isomer separation column chiral column
- a mixture of optical isomers is added to a chiral column such as ENANTIO-OVM (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation) or CHIRAL series (manufactured by Daicel Corporation), and water, various buffers (eg, phosphate buffer)
- the optical isomers are separated by developing an organic solvent (eg, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, diethylamine) as a single or mixed solution.
- an organic solvent eg, ethanol, methanol, isopropanol, acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, diethylamine
- the separation is performed using a chiral column such as CP-Chirasil-DeX CB (manufact
- Diastereomer method A racemic mixture is converted into a diastereomer mixture by a chemical reaction with an optically active reagent, and this is converted into a single substance through ordinary separation means (for example, fractional recrystallization, chromatography method). Then, the optical isomer is obtained by separating the optically active reagent site by chemical treatment such as hydrolysis reaction.
- the compound (I) when the compound (I) has a hydroxy group or a primary or secondary amino group in the molecule, the compound and an optically active organic acid (for example, MTPA [ ⁇ -methoxy- ⁇ - (trifluoromethyl) phenyl Acetic acid], ( ⁇ )-menthoxyacetic acid) and the like are subjected to a condensation reaction, whereby ester or amide diastereomers are obtained, respectively.
- an amide or ester diastereomer when compound (I) has a carboxyl group, an amide or ester diastereomer can be obtained by subjecting the compound and an optically active amine or alcohol to a condensation reaction. The separated diastereomer is converted into the optical isomer of the original compound by subjecting it to an acid hydrolysis or basic hydrolysis reaction.
- the compound (I) may be a prodrug.
- the prodrug of the compound (I) is a compound that is converted into the compound (I) by a reaction with an enzyme, gastric acid or the like under physiological conditions in vivo, that is, enzymatic A compound that undergoes oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, etc. to change to compound (I), or a compound that undergoes hydrolysis, etc., by gastric acid or the like to give compound (I).
- prodrug of compound (I) changes to compound (I) under physiological conditions as described in Yodogawa Shoten 1990, “Development of Drugs”, Volume 7, Molecular Design, pages 163 to 198. It may be.
- Compound (I) can be produced, for example, by the method shown below or a method analogous thereto, but is not limited thereto.
- each raw material compound may form a salt as long as it does not inhibit the reaction.
- the salt include those exemplified as the salt of the compound represented by the above formula (I). Used.
- the raw material compounds can be easily obtained commercially, or can be produced according to a method known per se or a method analogous thereto, unless a specific production method is described.
- the solvent used in the reaction in each of the following schemes is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction and dissolves the starting material to some extent.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; hexane Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as heptane; ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; acetonitrile, pro Nitriles such as pionitrile; esters such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and tert-butyl acetate; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide and 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone; Such as 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone Amides; alcohol
- the reaction temperature is usually carried out below the boiling point of the solvent at ⁇ 100 to 250 ° C., but depending on the case, the reaction may be carried out at a temperature above the boiling point of the solvent using pressure resistant reaction conditions.
- the reaction time is usually 0.5 to 100 hours.
- room temperature means 15 to 30 ° C.
- Compound (Ia) in which W is a bond in compound (I) can be produced by the reaction of compound (2) and compound (3a) shown in the following production method 1-1.
- E 1 represents a leaving group (eg, a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, a substituted sulfonic acid ester such as methanesulfonic acid ester or p-toluenesulfonic acid ester, boronic acid or the like); Each symbol has the same meaning as described above. ]
- a leaving group eg, a halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine or iodine, a substituted sulfonic acid ester such as methanesulfonic acid ester or p-toluenesulfonic acid ester, boronic acid or the like.
- compound (3a) is about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol
- base is about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol
- metal relative to 1 mol of compound (2)
- the compound (Ia) is obtained using about 0.000001 to 5 mol, preferably about 0.0001 to 2 mol of a catalyst.
- Examples of the base include inorganic salts such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate; pyridine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7- And amines such as ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- inorganic salts such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate
- pyridine triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7- And amines such as ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the metal catalyst examples include copper and its salts (eg, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) iodide), palladium compounds (eg, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis ( Triphenylphosphine) palladium, [1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium), nickel compounds (eg, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) nickel), rhodium compounds (eg, tris (triphenyl chloride) Phosphine) rhodium etc.), platinum compounds and the like. Of these, copper and its salts are preferred.
- copper and its salts are preferred.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide Amides such as sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C. This reaction may be performed using a microwave reaction apparatus, and the reaction time is usually 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C.
- this reaction may be performed by adding a ligand.
- the ligand include organic amine compounds such as N, N′-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine, and 2,2-bipyridyl; triphenylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, And organic phosphorus compounds such as tricyclohexylphosphine and BINAP (2,2′-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1′-binaphthyl).
- the amount of the ligand used is usually about 1.0-10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0-5.0 mol, per 1 mol of the metal catalyst.
- the obtained compound (Ia) can be used in the next reaction as the reaction solution or as a crude product, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, and can be washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (2) can be produced according to the method described in the following production method or a method analogous thereto, or a method known per se.
- Compound (3a) can be produced according to the method described in the following production method or a method analogous thereto, or a method known per se.
- Compound (Ib) in which Compound (I) is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group or an optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenylene group is shown in the following Production Method 1-2. It can be produced by reacting compound (2) with compound (3b).
- E 2 is a leaving group (eg, halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine and iodine, substituted sulfonic acid ester such as methanesulfonic acid ester and p-toluenesulfonic acid ester, etc.), and W ′ is substituted.
- An optionally substituted C 1-6 alkylene group or an optionally substituted C 2-6 alkenylene group, and other symbols are as defined above.
- Examples of the base include inorganic salts such as potassium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate; pyridine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5. And amines such as 4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- inorganic salts such as potassium hydride, sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate
- pyridine triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.
- amines such as 4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide Amides such as sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C. This reaction may be performed using a microwave reaction apparatus, and the reaction time is usually 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the obtained compound (Ib) can be used in the next reaction as a reaction solution or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (2) can be produced according to the method described in the following production method or a method analogous thereto, or a method known per se.
- Compound (3b) can be produced according to the method described in the following production method or a method analogous thereto, or a method known per se.
- Compound (2) which is a raw material compound in Production Method 1-1 and Production Method 1-2, can be produced, for example, from Compound (4) shown in Production Method 2-1 below through Compound (5).
- M represents a metal (for example, boric acid, boric acid ester, alkyl tin, zinc, magnesium halide, etc.), and other symbols are as defined above. ]
- step A bromination is performed using 1.0 to 5.0 mol, preferably 1.0 to 2.0 mol, of a brominating reagent with respect to 1 mol of compound (4) to obtain compound (5).
- brominating reagent examples include bromine, hydrogen bromide, N-bromosuccinimide and the like.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; Sulphoxide such as dimethyl sulfoxide And organic acids such as acetic acid. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 1 to 60 hours, preferably 1 to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually -50 to 150 ° C, preferably 0 ° C to 100 ° C.
- the obtained compound (5) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (4) may be a commercially available reagent, or can be produced according to the method described in the following production method or a method analogous thereto, or a method known per se.
- Step B about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol, about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol of the base, about 1.0 to 5.0 mol, metal catalyst
- the compound (2) is obtained using ⁇ 5 mol, preferably about 0.0001 to 2 mol.
- Examples of the base include inorganic salts such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate; pyridine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7- And amines such as ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- inorganic salts such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, tripotassium phosphate
- pyridine triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7- And amines such as ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the metal catalyst examples include copper and its salts (eg, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) iodide), palladium compounds (eg, palladium acetate, palladium chloride, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium, dichlorobis ( Triphenylphosphine) palladium, [1,1′-bis (diphenylphosphino) ferrocene] dichloropalladium), nickel compounds (eg, tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) nickel), rhodium compounds (eg, tris (triphenyl chloride) Phosphine) rhodium etc.), platinum compounds and the like. Of these, palladium compounds are preferred.
- palladium compounds are preferred.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether and 1,2-dimethoxyethane; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, and the like. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio. Furthermore, water may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction is preferably performed in an atmosphere of an inert gas (for example, argon, nitrogen, etc.).
- an inert gas for example, argon, nitrogen, etc.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C. This reaction may be performed using a microwave reaction apparatus, and the reaction time is usually 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C.
- this reaction may be performed by adding a ligand.
- the ligand include organic amine compounds such as N, N′-dimethylethylenediamine, N, N′-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine, and 2,2-bipyridyl; triphenylphosphine, tri-tert-butylphosphine, And organic phosphorus compounds such as tricyclohexylphosphine and BINAP (2,2′-bis (diphenylphosphino) -1,1′-binaphthyl).
- the amount of the ligand used is usually about 1.0-10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0-5.0 mol, per 1 mol of the metal catalyst.
- the obtained compound (2) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (6) may be a commercially available reagent or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- Compound (5a) in which X 2 and X 3 are CH can be produced, as another method, from compound (7) shown in the following production method 2-2, for example.
- compound (4a) in which X 2 and X 3 are CH in compound (4) which is the starting compound in production method 2-1 can be produced in the same manner.
- Z represents Ar 1 , a bromine atom or a hydrogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above.
- step A about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol of formate ester is reacted with 1 mol of compound (7) in the presence of about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol of base.
- the compound (8) is obtained using about 1.0 to 20 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5 mol, of sodium azide.
- formate examples include methyl chloroformate, ethyl chloroformate, and isopropyl chloroformate.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide Amides such as sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually 0 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the obtained compound (8) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (7) may be a commercially available reagent or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- Step B 1 mol of the compound (8) is cyclized in the presence of about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol of the organic amine compound, to obtain the compound (2a / 4a / 5a).
- organic amine compound examples include tributylamine and triethylamine.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether and diphenyl ether; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; N, N— Examples include amides such as dimethylformamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the obtained compound (2a / 4a / 5a) can be used in the next reaction as a reaction solution or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized and distilled. It can be easily purified by separation means such as chromatography.
- Compound (2b) in which X 1 is CR 1 , X 2 is N, and X 3 is CH in compound (2) which is a starting compound in production method 1-1 and production method 1-2 is, for example, as described below. It can be produced from the compound (9) shown in the production method 2-3. Furthermore, the compound (4b) in which X 1 is CR 1 , X 2 is N, and X 3 is CH in the compound (4) which is the starting compound in the production method 2-1, can be produced in the same manner.
- Z ′ represents Ar 1 or a hydrogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above.
- Step A is performed by a method known per se, for example, the method described in US2009 / 0318475 or the like, or a method analogous thereto. That is, 1 mol of compound (9) is cyclized using about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol, and about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol, of a base of malononitrile, to give compound (10). To get.
- Examples of the base include amines such as methylamine, ethylamine, diisopropylamine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether and diphenyl ether; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; Dimethyl sulfoxide and the like And sulfoxides. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is 0 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably room temperature to 250 ° C.
- the obtained compound (10) can be used in the next reaction as the reaction solution or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (9) can be a commercially available reagent or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- Step B is performed by a method known per se, for example, the method described in US 2009/0318475 or the like, or a method analogous thereto. That is, 1 mol of compound (10) is cyclized using about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol, and acid anhydride about 1.0 to 100 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 10 mol, formic acid, and compound (2b / 4b).
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride. Moreover, you may use these acid anhydrides as a solvent.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane, diethyl ether and diphenyl ether; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; Dimethyl sulfoxide and the like And sulfoxides. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is 0 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably room temperature to 250 ° C.
- the obtained compound (2b / 4b) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed. It can be easily purified by a separation means such as graphy.
- Compound (2c) in which X 2 is CH and X 3 is N in compound (2), which is the starting compound in production method 1-1 and production method 1-2, is prepared by another method, for example, in the following production method 2-4. It can manufacture from the compound (11) shown to. Furthermore, compound (4c) in which X 2 is CH and X 3 is N in compound (4) which is a starting compound in production method 2-1, can be produced in the same manner.
- Ra represents a C 1-6 alkyl group
- Z ′ represents Ar 1 or a hydrogen atom, and other symbols are as defined above].
- compound (2c / 4c) is obtained by reacting compound (11) with hydrazine or a hydrate thereof in an amount of about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol in the presence of an acid.
- the amount of the acid to be used is about 0.01-100 mol, preferably about 0.1-50 mol, relative to compound (11).
- the acid examples include organic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid; mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid; Lewis acids such as boron trichloride and boron tribromide. Moreover, you may use these acids as a solvent.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; chloroform, Halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually 0 ° C. to 250 ° C., preferably room temperature to 250 ° C. This reaction may be performed using a microwave reaction apparatus, and the reaction time is usually 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 2 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually room temperature to 250 ° C, preferably 50 ° C to 200 ° C.
- the obtained compound (2c / 4c) can be used in the next reaction as a reaction solution or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed. It can be easily purified by a separation means such as graphy.
- Compound (11) may be a commercially available reagent, or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- compound (3a) which is a raw material compound in production method 1-1 compound (3a ′) in which Y 1 is a nitrogen atom and Y 2 is a carbon atom, and compound (3b) which is a raw material compound in production method 1-2
- the compound (3b ′) in which Y 1 is a nitrogen atom and Y 2 is a carbon atom can be produced by the reaction of the compound (12) and the compound (13). It can be produced through a reaction.
- R 2 and R 3 each represent a substituent
- Ts represents a p-toluenesulfonyl group
- other symbols are as defined above.
- substituent represented by R 2 and R 3 include those exemplified as the substituent that the ring AB may further have.
- step A about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably 1.0 to 5.0 mol of compound (13) is reacted with 1 mol of compound (12) to give compound (16).
- compound (16) is i.e. the compound (3a ').
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Examples include ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and the like. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 30 minutes to 48 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually room temperature to 200 ° C, preferably 80 ° C to 150 ° C.
- the obtained compound (16) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (12) may be a commercially available reagent or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- Compound (13) may be a commercially available reagent or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- step B about 0.9 to 1.5 mol, preferably 1 to 1.2 mol of p-toluenesulfonyl chloride is reacted with 1 mol of compound (12) in the presence of about 1.0 to 10 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol of a base.
- Compound (14) is obtained.
- Examples of the base include pyridine and triethylamine.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Examples include ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; and organic bases such as pyridine and triethylamine. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio. Furthermore, you may use said base as a solvent.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour to 48 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 80 ° C.
- the obtained compound (14) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Step C is a reaction performed according to the method of Production Method 3-1, Step A, or a method analogous thereto to give compound (15).
- Step D about 1 to 10 mol, preferably about 1 to 5 mol of an acid anhydride is reacted with 1 mol of the compound (15) to obtain the compound (16).
- compound (16) is i.e. the compound (3a ').
- the acid anhydride examples include acetic anhydride and trifluoroacetic anhydride. Moreover, you may use these acids as a solvent.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Examples include ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour to 48 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually room temperature to 120 ° C, preferably room temperature to 100 ° C.
- the obtained compound (16) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Step E when Y is HO—W′— (wherein the hydroxy group may have a protecting group) in the compound (16), the compound (16) is itself removed after deprotection as necessary.
- the target compound (3b ′) is obtained by subjecting to a known halogenation reaction or sulfonylation reaction.
- compound (3a) which is a raw material compound in production method 1-1 compound (3a ′′) in which Y 1 is a carbon atom and Y 2 is a nitrogen atom, and compound (3b) which is a raw material compound in production method 1-2 )
- Y 1 is a carbon atom and Y 2 is a nitrogen atom
- compound (3b) which is a raw material compound in production method 1-2
- Y 1 is a carbon atom and Y 2 is a nitrogen atom
- compound (3b) which is a raw material compound in production method 1-2 In which Y 1 is a carbon atom and Y 2 is a nitrogen atom can be produced from compound (17) through compound (18) and compound (20) according to the following production method 3-2. In addition, it can be produced from compound (17) through compound (22) and compound (23).
- step A compound (18) is produced by reducing in a hydrogen atmosphere using about 0.01 to 5.0 mol, preferably about 0.01 to 2.0 mol, of a metal catalyst with respect to 1 mol of compound (17).
- metal catalyst examples include palladium-carbon, palladium hydroxide-carbon, platinum oxide, platinum and the like.
- This reaction is preferably performed using a solvent inert to the reaction.
- a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene
- saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and hexane
- tetrahydrofuran Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide
- sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide
- solvents such as water or the like
- a mixed solvent or the like is preferable.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour to 60 hours, preferably 5 hours to 48 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually ⁇ 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C.
- the pressure is about 1 to 10 atmospheres, preferably about 1 to 5 atmospheres.
- the obtained compound (18) can be used in the next reaction as a reaction liquid or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- compound (18) can also be produced by reduction using about 5.0 to 20.0 moles of reduced metal, preferably about 5.0 to 10.0 moles per mole of compound (17).
- Examples of the reducing metal include reduced iron, tin, and zinc.
- acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, ammonium chloride, calcium chloride or the like can be added.
- This reaction is preferably performed using a solvent inert to the reaction.
- a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol and propanol
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene and toluene
- saturated hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane and hexane
- tetrahydrofuran Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and 1,2-dimethoxyethane
- amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide and N, N-dimethylacetamide
- ketones such as acetone and methyl ethyl ketone
- sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide
- An aqueous ammonia solution, a solvent such as water, or a mixed solvent thereof is preferable.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour to 60 hours, preferably 5 hours to 48 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually ⁇ 50 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C.
- the obtained compound (18) can be used in the next reaction as a reaction liquid or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (17) may be a commercially available reagent or can be produced according to a method known per se.
- Step B about 1.0 to 5.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 2.0 mol, about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol of the base, about 1.0 to 5.0 mol, about amidation reagent, about 1 mol of compound (18)
- the compound (20) is obtained using 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol.
- amidating reagent examples include 1-ethyl-3- (dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluoroline And acid salts (HATU).
- HATU hexafluoroline And acid salts
- Examples of the base include organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- organic amines such as pyridine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaminopyridine, diisopropylethylamine, 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Nitriles such as acetonitrile and propionitrile; N, N-dimethylformamide Amides such as sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 0.5 hours to 1 week, preferably 3 hours to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually ⁇ 20 to 100 ° C., preferably 0 to 80 ° C.
- the obtained compound (20) can be used as it is in the reaction solution or as a crude product for the next reaction, but can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washing, recrystallization, distillation, chromatography, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (19) can be produced according to a method known per se in addition to using commercially available reagents.
- Step C cyclizes compound (20) in the presence of an acid to give compound (24).
- Y is E 1
- a compound (24) ie the compound (3a '').
- the amount of the acid to be used is about 0.01-100 mol, preferably about 0.1-50 mol, relative to compound (20).
- the acid examples include organic acids such as acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid; mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid; Lewis acids such as boron trichloride and boron tribromide. Moreover, you may use these acids as a solvent.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; chloroform, Halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually 0 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably room temperature to 100 ° C.
- the obtained compound (24) can be used in the next reaction as the reaction solution or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Step D about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 3.0 mol, about 1.0 to 10.0 mol, preferably about 1.0 to 5.0 mol of the base (compound (21)) are used with respect to 1 mol of the compound (17). 22) is manufactured.
- Examples of the base include inorganic salts such as sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate; metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide; pyridine, triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline, And amines such as 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- inorganic salts such as sodium hydride, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate
- metal alkoxides such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide
- pyridine triethylamine, N, N-dimethylaniline
- amines such as 1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene. Two or more of these bases may be mixed at an appropriate ratio.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a solvent inert to the reaction, and such a solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- a solvent inert such as aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene and xylene; tetrahydrofuran, Ethers such as 1,4-dioxane and diethyl ether; Ketones such as acetone and 2-butanone; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chloroform and dichloromethane; Amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; Sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide And the like. Two or more of these solvents may be mixed at an appropriate ratio. Furthermore, you may use said base as a solvent.
- the reaction time is usually 15 minutes to 60 hours, preferably 15 minutes to 24 hours.
- the reaction temperature is usually ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C.
- the obtained compound (22) can be used in the next reaction as the reaction solution or as a crude product, but can also be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a conventional method, washed, recrystallized, distilled, chromatographed, etc. It can be easily purified by this separation means.
- Compound (21) can be produced according to a method known per se in addition to using commercially available reagents.
- Step E is a step of producing compound (23) by reducing compound (22) by the method shown in the above production method 3-2, step A, or a method analogous thereto.
- Step F is a step of producing compound (24) from compound (23) according to the method of Production Method 3-2, Step C or a method analogous thereto.
- Y is E 1
- a compound (24) ie the compound (3a '').
- ⁇ Process G> when Y is HO—W′— (wherein the hydroxy group may have a protecting group) in the compound (24), the compound (24) is itself removed after deprotection as necessary.
- the target compound (3b ′′) is obtained by subjecting to a known halogenation reaction or sulfonylation reaction.
- hydroxy protecting group examples include C 1-6 alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl), phenyl, trityl, C 7-10 aralkyl (eg, benzyl), formyl, C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (eg, acetyl, propionyl), benzoyl, C 7-10 aralkyl-carbonyl (eg, benzylcarbonyl), 2-tetrahydropyranyl, 2-tetrahydrofuranyl, silyl (eg, trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, Dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl), C 2-6 alkenyl (eg, 1-aryl) and the like.
- C 1-6 alkyl eg, methyl, ethyl, prop
- These groups include a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), C 1-6 alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl), C 1-6 alkoxy (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, It may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from propoxy), nitro and the like.
- a halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- C 1-6 alkyl eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl
- C 1-6 alkoxy eg, methoxy, ethoxy, It may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from propoxy
- amino protecting groups include formyl, C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (eg, acetyl, propionyl), C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl (eg, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl), benzoyl, C 7-10 aralkyl-carbonyl (eg, benzylcarbonyl), C 7-14 aralkyloxy-carbonyl (eg, benzyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl), C 7-10 aralkyl (eg, benzyl, 4-methoxy) benzyl), trityl, phthaloyl, N, N-dimethylaminomethylene, silyl (e.g., trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert- butyldimethylsilyl, tert- butyldiethylsilyl),
- These groups include 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), C 1-6 alkoxy (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy), nitro and the like. May be substituted.
- a halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- C 1-6 alkoxy eg, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy
- nitro and the like May be substituted.
- carboxy protecting group examples include C 1-6 alkyl (eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl), C 7-11 aralkyl (eg, benzyl), phenyl, trityl, silyl (eg, , Trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethylphenylsilyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, tert-butyldiethylsilyl, tert-butyldiphenylsilyl), C 2-6 alkenyl (eg, 1-aryl), and the like.
- C 1-6 alkyl eg, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, tert-butyl
- C 7-11 aralkyl eg, benzyl
- phenyl, trityl silyl (eg, , Trimethyl
- These groups include 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom (eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom), C 1-6 alkoxy (eg, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy), nitro and the like. May be substituted.
- a halogen atom eg, fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom
- C 1-6 alkoxy eg, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy
- nitro and the like May be substituted.
- Examples of the carbonyl protecting group include cyclic acetals (eg, 1,3-dioxane), acyclic acetals (eg, di-C 1-6 alkylacetal) and the like.
- Examples of the protecting group for mercapto include C 1-6 alkyl, phenyl, trityl, C 7-10 aralkyl (eg, benzyl), C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl, benzoyl, C 7-10 aralkyl-carbonyl (eg, Benzylcarbonyl), C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl, C 6-14 aryloxy-carbonyl (eg, phenyloxycarbonyl), C 7-14 aralkyloxy-carbonyl (eg, benzyloxycarbonyl, 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl) ), 2-tetrahydropyranyl, C 1-6 alkylamino-carbonyl (eg, methylaminocarbonyl, ethylaminocarbonyl) and the like. These groups may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from a halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, nitro and the
- the above-mentioned protecting group removal method is carried out in accordance with a method known per se, for example, the method described in Protective Group in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (1980), etc. Just do it.
- a method known per se for example, the method described in Protective Group in Organic Synthesis, published by John Wiley and Sons (1980), etc.
- acid, base, ultraviolet light, hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, palladium acetate, trialkylsilyl halide (eg, trimethylsilyl iodide, trimethylsilyl bromide, etc.) are used.
- a method, a reduction method, or the like is used.
- Compound (I) and prodrugs thereof (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as compounds of the present invention) have excellent MCH receptor (particularly MCH receptor 1) antagonism, and therefore prevent or prevent diseases caused by MCH. It is useful as a therapeutic agent.
- the compound of the present invention has low toxicity (eg, cardiotoxicity (eg, hERG inhibitory activity), PLsis-inducing ability, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, drug interaction, carcinogenicity, phototoxicity).
- toxicity eg, cardiotoxicity (eg, hERG inhibitory activity), PLsis-inducing ability, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genotoxicity, reproductive toxicity, drug interaction, carcinogenicity, phototoxicity.
- the compound of the present invention is excellent in oral absorbability.
- the compound of the present invention is excellent in brain migration.
- the compound of the present invention can be safely administered to mammals (eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, sheep, horses, pigs, cows, monkeys, humans) as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for diseases caused by MCH. Is done.
- mammals eg, rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits, sheep, horses, pigs, cows, monkeys, humans.
- diseases caused by MCH for example, obesity (eg, malignant mastocytosis), exogenous obesity, hyperinsulinar obesity, hyperplasmic obesity (hyperplasmic obesity) obesity), hypophyseal adiposity, hypoplasmic obesity, hypothyroid obesity, hypothalamic obesity, symptomatic obesity, Childhood obesity, upper body obesity, dietary obesity, hypogonadal obesity, systemic mastocytosis, simple obesity ), Central obesity, etc.), hyperphagia, affective disorder, sexual dysfunction, depression, anxiety and the like.
- obesity eg, malignant mastocytosis
- exogenous obesity eg, hyperinsulinar obesity, hyperplasmic obesity (hyperplasmic obesity) obesity)
- hypophyseal adiposity hypoplasmic obesity
- hypothyroid obesity hypothalamic obesity
- symptomatic obesity Childhood obesity, upper body obesity, dietary obesity, hypogonadal obesity, systemic mastocytosis, simple obesity ), Central obesity, etc.
- hyperphagia affective disorder, sexual
- the compound of the present invention has diabetes (eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obesity diabetes, borderline diabetes), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT (Impaired Glucose Tolerance)), diabetic complications (eg, diabetic retina).
- diabetes eg, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, obesity diabetes, borderline diabetes
- ITT impaired glucose tolerance
- diabetic complications eg, diabetic retina.
- diabetes neuropathy, diabetic nephropathy hyperlipidemia (eg, hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, high LDL cholesterolemia, low HDL cholesterolemia, postprandial hyperlipidemia), artery It is also useful as a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for lifestyle-related diseases such as sclerosis, knee arthritis, and metabolic syndrome.
- the compound of the present invention is also useful as an antifeedant.
- the compound of the present invention can be used in combination with diet therapy (eg, diet therapy for diabetes) or exercise therapy.
- diet therapy eg, diet therapy for diabetes
- exercise therapy e.g, exercise therapy for exercise
- the compound of the present invention can also be used for the prevention or treatment of dysplasia based on abnormalities of melanin or melanocytes.
- dyschromia include pigment enhancement and pigment reduction.
- pigment enhancement drug-induced pigmentation caused by anticancer drugs, etc .; diseases such as endocrine / metabolic disorders (eg, Addison's disease), genetic disorders, chronic liver disorders, renal failure, black epidermis, systemic scleroderma Pigmentation associated with dysplasia, dyschromia and the like.
- pigment reduction include phenylketonuria, systemic or localized albinism, foliate or common vitiligo associated with tuberous sclerosis; depigmentation associated with systemic scleroderma, and the like.
- the compound of the present invention can also be used for prevention or treatment of pigmentation caused by stains, freckles, sunburn, etc .; and further, pigment enhancement or pigment attenuation for cosmetic purposes.
- the compound of the present invention can be formulated as a pharmaceutical composition (in the present specification, “the present invention”) as it is or with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. It may be abbreviated as “medicine”.
- the pharmacologically acceptable carrier various organic or inorganic carrier substances commonly used as pharmaceutical materials, for example, excipients, lubricants, binders, disintegrants in solid preparations; solvents in liquid preparations, Examples include solubilizers, suspending agents, isotonic agents, buffers, and soothing agents.
- additives such as preservatives, antioxidants, colorants, sweeteners, adsorbents, wetting agents and the like can be used as necessary in the formulation.
- excipients examples include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, starch, corn starch, crystalline cellulose, and light anhydrous silicic acid.
- lubricant examples include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc, and colloidal silica.
- binder examples include crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, dextrin, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, starch, sucrose, gelatin, methylcellulose, and sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
- disintegrant examples include starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose calcium, croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, and low-substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose (L-HPC).
- solvent examples include water for injection, alcohol, propylene glycol, macrogol, sesame oil, and corn oil.
- solubilizer examples include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, and sodium citrate.
- suspending agent examples include surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, laurylaminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and glyceryl monostearate; for example, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone And hydrophilic polymers such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
- surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, laurylaminopropionic acid, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, and glyceryl monostearate
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinylpyrrolidone
- hydrophilic polymers such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and hydroxypropylcellulose.
- isotonic agent examples include glucose, D-sorbitol, sodium chloride, glycerin, and D-mannitol.
- buffer solutions such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, and citrate.
- Examples of soothing agents include benzyl alcohol.
- preservative examples include p-hydroxybenzoates, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid, and sorbic acid.
- antioxidant examples include sulfite and ascorbic acid.
- the colorant examples include water-soluble edible tar dyes (eg, edible dyes such as edible red Nos. 2 and 3, edible yellows Nos. 4 and 5, edible blue Nos. 1 and 2), water-insoluble lake dyes (eg, And water-soluble edible tar pigments) and natural pigments (eg, ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, bengara).
- water-soluble edible tar dyes eg, edible dyes such as edible red Nos. 2 and 3, edible yellows Nos. 4 and 5, edible blue Nos. 1 and 2
- water-insoluble lake dyes eg, And water-soluble edible tar pigments
- natural pigments eg, ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, bengara
- sweetening agents examples include saccharin sodium, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame, and stevia.
- adsorbent examples include porous starch, calcium silicate (trade name: FLORITE RE), magnesium aluminate metasilicate (trade name: neucillin), and light anhydrous silicic acid (trade name: silicia).
- wetting agent examples include propylene glycol monostearate, sorbitan monooleate, diethylene glycol monolaurate, and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether.
- Examples of the pharmaceutical dosage form of the present invention include tablets (including sugar-coated tablets, film-coated tablets, sublingual tablets, orally disintegrating tablets, buccal tablets, etc.), pills, powders, granules, capsules (soft capsules, Including microcapsules), lozenges, syrups, solutions, emulsions, suspensions, controlled release formulations (eg, immediate release formulations, sustained release formulations, sustained release microcapsules), aerosols, films ( E.g., orally disintegrating film, oral mucosa adhesive film), injection (eg, subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, infusion), transdermal preparation, ointment, Lotions, patches, suppositories (eg, rectal suppositories, vaginal suppositories), pellets, nasal preparations, pulmonary preparations (inhalants), eye drops, etc., orally or parenterally (eg, intravenously) Intramuscular, subcutaneous, organ
- the content of the compound of the present invention in the medicament of the present invention is, for example, about 0.1 to 100% by weight of the whole medicament of the present invention.
- the dose of the compound of the present invention is appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease and the like.
- the daily dose is about 0.1 to about 500 mg, preferably about 1 to about 100 mg, more preferably about It is 5 to about 100 mg, and this amount can be administered in 1 to several times a day (eg, 1 to 3 times).
- the compound of the present invention is used for the purpose of, for example, enhancing the action of the compound of the present invention (therapeutic effect on obesity, diabetes, depression, anxiety, etc.), reducing the amount of the compound of the present invention used, and preventing complications.
- enhancing the action of the compound of the present invention therapeutic effect on obesity, diabetes, depression, anxiety, etc.
- reducing the amount of the compound of the present invention used and preventing complications.
- it can be used in combination with a pharmaceutically active ingredient that does not adversely affect the compound of the present invention (hereinafter also referred to as “concurrent drug”).
- concomitant drugs examples include “diabetes therapeutics”, “diabetic complications”, “anti-obesity drugs”, “hypertension drugs”, “hyperlipidemic drugs”, “anti-arteriosclerosis” Drugs, “antithrombotic drugs”, “diuretics”, “arthritis therapeutic drugs”, “anti-anxiety drugs”, “antidepressant drugs”, “psycho-neural drugs”, “sleep induction drugs”, and the like.
- These concomitant drugs may be low molecular weight compounds, or may be macromolecular proteins, polypeptides, antibodies, vaccines, and the like.
- insulin preparations eg, animal insulin preparations extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas; human insulin preparations genetically engineered using Escherichia coli and yeast; insulin zinc; protamine insulin zinc A fragment or derivative of insulin (eg, INS-1), an oral insulin preparation
- an insulin sensitizer eg, pioglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably hydrochloride), rosiglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably maleic acid) Salt
- Metaglidasen AMG-131, Balaglitazone, MBX-2044, Riboglitazone, Aleglitazar, Chiglitazar, Lobeglitazone, PLX-204, PN -2034, GFT-505, THR-0921, WO2007 / 013694, WO2007 / 018314, WO2008 / 093639 WO2008 / 099794 compounds
- ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors eg, ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitors (eg,
- diabetic complication therapeutic agent examples include aldose reductase inhibitors (eg, tolrestat, epalrestat, zopolrestat, fidarestat, CT-112, ranirestat (AS-3201), ridressat), neurotrophic factor and its Increaser (eg, NGF, NT-3, BDNF, neurotrophin production / secretion promoter described in WO01 / 14372 (eg, 4- (4-chlorophenyl) -2- (2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)- 5- [3- (2-methylphenoxy) propyl] oxazole), compounds described in WO2004 / 039365), PKC inhibitors (eg, ruboxistaurin mesylate), AGE inhibitors (eg, ALT946, N) -Phenacyl thiazolium bromide (ALT766), EXO-226, pyridoline (Pyridorin), pyridoxamine), GABA
- anti-obesity agents include monoamine uptake inhibitors (eg, phentermine, sibutramine, mazindol, floxetine, tesofensin), serotonin 2C receptor agonists (eg, lorcaserin), serotonin 6 receptor antagonists, histamine H3 receptor, GABA modulator (eg, topiramate), neuropeptide Y antagonist (eg, Berneperit), cannabinoid receptor antagonist (eg, rimonabant, taranaban), ghrelin antagonist, ghrelin receptor antagonist, ghrelin acyl Synthase inhibitors, opioid receptor antagonists (eg, GSK-1521498), orexin receptor antagonists, melanocortin 4 receptor agonists, 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors (eg, AZD-4017), pancreatic lipase inhibitors (Eg, orlistat, cetilistat), ⁇ 3 agonist ( Example
- FGF21 preparation eg, from bovine, porcine pancreas
- FGF21 preparations Extracted animal FGF21 preparations
- human FGF21 preparations synthesized by genetic engineering using Escherichia coli and yeast
- FGF21 fragments or derivatives feeding inhibitors (eg, P-57), and the like.
- hypotensive agent examples include, for example, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (eg, captopril, enalapril, delapril, etc.), angiotensin II antagonists (eg, candesartan cilexetil, candesartan, losartan, losartan potassium, eprosartan, valsartan, telmisartan , Irbesartan, tasosartan, olmesartan, olmesartan, medoxomil, azilsartan, azilsartan, medoxomil, etc.), calcium antagonists (eg, manidipine, nifedipine, amlodipine, efonidipine, nicardipine, sinyldipine, etc.), ⁇ -blockers (eg, metoprolol, atelolol, atelolol) Carvedilol, pindol, pind
- hypolipidemic agent examples include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (eg, pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin or salts thereof (eg, sodium salt, calcium salt) )), Squalene synthase inhibitors (eg, compounds described in WO97 / 10224, such as N-[[(3R, 5S) -1- (3-acetoxy-2,2-dimethylpropyl) -7-chloro-5 -(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl) -2-oxo-1,2,3,5-tetrahydro-4,1-benzoxazepin-3-yl] acetyl] piperidine-4-acetic acid), fibrate compounds ( Eg, bezafibrate, clofibrate, simfibrate, clinofibrate), anion exchange resin (eg, cholest
- anti-arteriosclerotic agents examples include acylcoenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) inhibitors (eg, K-604), LpPLA2 inhibitors (eg, dalapradiv, rilapradib etc.), FLAP inhibitors (eg, AM103, AM803, etc.), 5LO inhibitors (eg, VIA-2291), sPLA2 inhibitors (eg, A-002), apoAI mimetic peptides (eg, D4F), HDL preparations (eg, CSL-111) Etc.
- ACAT acylcoenzyme A cholesterol acyltransferase
- LpPLA2 inhibitors eg, dalapradiv, rilapradib etc.
- FLAP inhibitors eg, AM103, AM803, etc.
- 5LO inhibitors eg, VIA-2291
- sPLA2 inhibitors eg, A-002
- apoAI mimetic peptides
- antithrombotic agents examples include heparin (eg, heparin sodium, heparin calcium, enoxaparin sodium, dalteparin sodium), warfarin (eg, warfarin potassium), antithrombin drug (eg, Argatroban (argatroban), dabigatran, FXa inhibitor (eg, rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, YM150, WO02 / 06234, WO2004 / 048363, WO2005 / 030740, WO2005 / 058823 Or compounds described in WO2005 / 113504), thrombolytic drugs (eg, urokinase, tisokinase,reteplase, nateplase, monteplase, pamiteplase), platelet aggregation inhibitor (Eg, ticlopidine hydrochloride, clopidogrel, plastic Sugrel, E5555,
- diuretic examples include xanthine derivatives (eg, sodium salicylate theobromine, calcium theoylbromide salicylate), thiazide preparations (eg, etiazide, cyclopenthiazide, trichloromethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide).
- xanthine derivatives eg, sodium salicylate theobromine, calcium theoylbromide salicylate
- thiazide preparations eg, etiazide, cyclopenthiazide, trichloromethiazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide.
- Penfluthiazide polythiazide, methiclotiazide, etc.
- anti-aldosterone preparations eg, spironolactone, triamterene, etc.
- carbonic anhydrase inhibitors eg, acetazolamide, etc.
- chlorobenzenesulfonamide preparations eg, chlorthalidone, mefluside, indapamide
- azosemide isosorbide, ethacrynic acid, piretanide, bumetanide, furosemide and the like.
- Examples of the “arthritis therapeutic agent” include ibuprofen and the like.
- Examples of the above-mentioned ⁇ anti-anxiety drugs '' include alprazolam, etizolam, oxazolam, tandospirone, cloxazolam, clothiazepam, chlorazepate dipotassium, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, fludiazepam, flutazolam, flutopazepam, prazepam, bromazepam, zepamazolam, And lorazepam.
- antidepressant examples include tricyclic antidepressants (eg, imipramine, trimipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, amoxapine, lofepramine, dosrepin, desipramine), tetracyclic antidepressants (eg, maprotiline, Mianserin, seriprine), selective serotonin uptake inhibitors (eg, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, escitalopram), serotonin and noradrenaline uptake inhibitors (eg, milnacipran, duloxetine, venlafaxine), trazodone, mirtazapine , Moclobecdo and the like.
- tricyclic antidepressants eg, imipramine, trimipramine, clomipramine, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, amoxapine, lofepramine, dosrepin, des
- mental nerve agent examples include, for example, typical antipsychotic drugs (eg, clocapramine, chlorpromazine, phenobarbital, sultopride, thioprid, thioridazine, fluropamide, mosapramine, moperon, oxypertin, carpipramine, spiperone, sulpiride, zotepine, timiperone, Nemonapride, haloperidol, pimozide, prochlorperazine, propericazine, bromperidol, perphenazine, fluphenazine maleate, mizoribine, levomepromazine), atypical antipsychotics (eg, perospirone, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone, clozapine, Aripiprazole, ziprasidone, blonanserin, lurasidone) and the like.
- typical antipsychotic drugs eg
- the “sleep inducer” include, for example, ramelteon, GABA hypnotic (eg, brotizolam, estazolam, flurazepam, nitrazepam, triazolam, flunitrazepam, lormetazepam, rilmazafone, quazepam, zopiclone, eszopicone, zolpidem, zolepidin, Non-GABA hypnotics (eg, eprivaserin, purvanserin, diphenhydramine, trazodone, doxepin) and the like.
- GABA hypnotic eg, brotizolam, estazolam, flurazepam, nitrazepam, triazolam, flunitrazepam, lormetazepam, rilmazafone, quazepam, zopiclone, eszopicone, zolpidem,
- the administration time of the aforementioned concomitant drug is not limited, and the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug may be administered simultaneously to the administration subject, or may be administered with a time difference.
- the dose of the concomitant drug may be determined according to the dose used clinically, and can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease, combination and the like.
- the administration mode of the concomitant drug is not particularly limited as long as the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug are combined at the time of administration.
- dosage forms include: 1) administration of a single preparation obtained by simultaneously formulating the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug, 2) Simultaneous administration by the same administration route of two kinds of preparations obtained by separately formulating the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug, 3) Administration of the two compounds obtained by separately formulating the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug with a time difference in the same administration route, 4) Simultaneous administration by different administration routes of two preparations obtained by separately formulating the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug, 5) Administration of two preparations obtained by separately formulating the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug at different time intervals in different administration routes (for example, administration in the order of the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug, Or administration in reverse order) Etc.
- the compounding ratio of the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug can be appropriately selected depending on the administration subject, administration route, disease and the like.
- the obtained mixture was filtered through celite, and the filtrate was poured into 1N hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate.
- the obtained organic layer was washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution and saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the obtained solid was washed with ethanol to give the title compound (10.0 mg) as a pale brown solid.
- the obtained residue was dissolved in phosphorus oxychloride (1.68 mL), cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (2.86 mL) was added at room temperature, and the resulting mixture was stirred at 120 ° C. for 3 hr.
- the reaction mixture was cooled to 0 ° C., ice-cold water and saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate solution were carefully added dropwise, and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.
- the obtained organic layer was washed with saturated brine, dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
- the obtained residue was dissolved in 1N hydrochloric acid and washed with ethyl acetate.
- reaction mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (NH, ethyl acetate / hexane), and the obtained solid was washed with ethyl acetate to give the title compound (2.30 mg) as a pale red solid.
- reaction mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (NH, ethyl acetate / hexane), and the obtained solid was washed with ethyl acetate to give the title compound (37.9 g) as a pale red solid.
- Example 1 (1) Compound of Example 1 50 mg (2) Lactose 34mg (3) Corn starch 10.6mg (4) Corn starch (paste) 5mg (5) Magnesium stearate 0.4mg (6) Carboxymethylcellulose calcium 20mg 120mg total According to a conventional method, the above (1) to (6) are mixed and tableted using a tablet machine to obtain a tablet.
- Formulation Example 2 (Manufacture of capsules) (1) 30 mg of the compound of Example 1 (2) Fine powder cellulose 10mg (3) Lactose 19mg (4) Magnesium stearate 1mg 60mg total (1), (2), (3) and (4) are mixed and filled into a gelatin capsule.
- Test example 1 Measurement of human MCH receptor 1 (MCHR1) binding inhibitory activity of a test compound using a binding assay
- Human MCHR1-expressing CHO cells (1 ⁇ 10 8 cells) were suspended in a mild phosphate sanitary saline solution (pH 7.4) supplemented with 5 mM EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) and centrifuged.
- Homogenate buffer to the pellet cells (10 mM NaHC0 3, 5 mM EDTA, pH 7.5, O.5 mM PMSF ( phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride), 20 mg / L leupeptin, 4 mg / L E-64,1 mg / L 10 mL of pepstatin A) was added and homogenized using a Polytron homogenizer. The supernatant obtained by centrifugation at 400 ⁇ g for 10 minutes was further centrifuged at 100,000 ⁇ g for 1 hour to obtain a precipitate of the membrane fraction.
- PMSF phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- the precipitate was added to 2 mL of assay buffer [20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 5 mM EDTA, 0.5 mM PMSF, 20 mg / L leupeptin, 4 mg / L E-64, 1 mg / L pepstatin A]. Suspended. The membrane fraction was suspended in the assay buffer so as to have a protein concentration of 2 mg / mL, stored at ⁇ 80 ° C. after dispensing, and thawed before use.
- MCHR1 ligand binding inhibitory activity of the test compound was measured as follows. After dispensing the MCHR1-expressing CHO cell membrane fraction (173 ⁇ L) diluted with assay buffer to a 96-well plate made of polypropylene (3363, Corning), DMSO solution (2 ⁇ L), 33 ⁇ M cold diluted with DMSO solution MCH (1-19) (2 ⁇ L) or test compound solution (2 ⁇ L) diluted with DMSO solution to various concentrations was added, and finally [ 125 I] -MCH (4-19) (diluted with assay buffer) (Hereinafter also referred to as “hot MCH”) (25 ⁇ L) was added to each well.
- hot MCH [ 125 I] -MCH (4-19) (diluted with assay buffer)
- This reaction solution was allowed to react at room temperature with stirring for 1 hour, and then this plate was set in a filter mate harvester (Perkin Elmer), and a pre-set polyethyleneimine-treated glass filter plate (GF / C, The solution was subjected to suction filtration using Perkin Elmer) and further washed three times with a washing solution (50 mM Tris-HCl buffer pH 7.5). After drying the glass filter plate, microcinch 0 (Perkin Elmer) was added at 25 ⁇ L / well, and the remaining radioactivity was measured with a top count liquid scintillation counter (Perkin Elmer). The binding inhibition rate of the test compound was calculated by the following formula.
- Binding inhibition rate (%) 100- (radioactivity when test compound and hot MCH are added-radioactivity when cold MCH and hot MCH solution are added) / (radiation when DMSO solution and hot MCH are added) Activity-Radioactivity when cold MCH and hot MCH solutions are added) x 100
- Table 2 shows the binding inhibition rate (%) of 0.1 ⁇ M of the test compound measured using human MCHR1-expressing CHO cells.
- the compound of the present invention has excellent MCH receptor 1 binding inhibitory activity.
- Test example 2 Measurement of MCH receptor 1 antagonistic activity of test compound using Ca 2+ mobilization assay Using human animal expression vector plasmid introduced with human MCHR1 gene, human MCHR1 gene was transferred to CHO cells using lipofectamine LTX (Invitrogen). was introduced in) - CHO dhfr. The cells were cultured in selective MEM ⁇ medium [445 mL of MEM ⁇ medium without nucleic acid plus 5 mL of Penicillin-Streptomycin (Invitrogen) and 50 mL of dialyzed fetal calf serum]. Colony 24 clones, which are human MCHR1 gene-expressing CHO cell candidates grown in a selective medium, were selected.
- the # 4 strain that showed the greatest response to Ca 2+ concentration change response to stimulation with 25 nM ligand MCH (4-19) was selected by Ca 2+ mobilization assay.
- this human MCHR1-expressing CHO cell (clone # 4) was used.
- a fluorescence measuring instrument (Celllux, PerkinElmer) integrated with a dispensing function was used.
- CHO cells, wall surface black, bottom seeded at a density of 20000 cells / well in plates of clear 96-well (type 3904, Corning), about 24 hours, and cultured in an incubator at 5% C0 2, 37 °C.
- the medium was removed and washed with phosphate buffered saline (PBS).
- Ca 2+ indicator dye reagent (Dojindo, Ca screening non-wash kit Fluo4) was added at a rate of 100 ⁇ L / well, and the dye was allowed to permeate the cells in an incubator at 5% CO 2 and 37 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- Test plate diluted in assay buffer [1 x assay buffer containing 10 mM HEPES (pH 7.4), 0.1% BSA (included with Dojindo, Ca screening non-wash kit Fluo4)] Add compound solution or DMSO solution at 50 ⁇ L / well, then add ligand MCH (4-19) peptide (final concentration 2 nM) or DMSO diluted in assay buffer at 50 ⁇ L / well. It was. During this time, changes in intracellular fluorescence were measured at 2-second intervals.
- Inhibition rate (%) 100- [Fluorescence activity when test compound and MCH (4-19) peptide solution are added-Fluorescence activity when only DMSO solution is added] / [DMSO solution and MCH (4-19) peptide Fluorescence activity when solution is added-Fluorescence activity when only DMSO solution is added] x 100
- Table 3 shows the inhibition rate as the antagonist activity of 0.1 ⁇ M of the test compound, measured using human MCHR1-expressing CHO cells (clone # 4).
- the compound of the present invention has an excellent MCH receptor 1 antagonistic action.
- Compound (I) has a melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) receptor antagonistic action and has low toxicity. Therefore, the compound is very useful as an antifeedant and a prophylactic / therapeutic agent for obesity and the like.
- MCH melanin-concentrating hormone
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Abstract
Description
MCHは、視床下部由来のホルモンで、食欲亢進作用を有することが知られている。さらに、MCHノックアウトマウスは日常行動が正常であるにもかかわらず、正常マウスと比べて、摂食量が有意に減少し、かつ体重も軽いことが報告されている(Nature、396巻、670頁、1998年)。さらにMCH受容体1の欠損マウスは痩せの表現系を示すことも報告されている(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA、99巻、3240頁、2002年)。これらのことから、MCH受容体(特にMCH受容体1)拮抗薬は、優れた食欲抑制薬あるいは抗肥満薬になると期待されている。
1)WO2007/029847(特許文献1)には、式:
R1及びR2は、同一又は異なって、水素原子、場合により置換基を有していてもよい低級アルキル基若しくは場合により置換基を有していてもよい低級シクロアルキル基を表し、又はR1及びR2が一緒になってそれらが結合する窒素原子とともに場合により置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族含窒素複素環を形成し、
X1、X2及びX3は、同一又は異なって、場合により置換基を有していてもよいメチン基又は窒素原子を表し、但し、X1、X2及びX3のすべてが同時に窒素原子となることはなく、
Y1は、単結合、-O-、-NR-、-S-、-SO-若しくは-SO2-を表し、
Y2は、場合により置換基を有していてもよい低級アルキレン基、場合により置換基を有していてもよい低級アルケニレン基若しくは場合により置換基を有していてもよい低級シクロアルキレン基を表し、
Y3は、単結合、-O-、-NR-、-S-、-SO-若しくは-SO2-を表し、
Rは、各々独立して、水素原子又は場合により置換基を有していてもよい低級アルキル基を表し、
W1、W2、W3及びW4は、同一又は異なって、単結合、場合により置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基若しくは-O-を表し、但し、W1、W2、W3及びW4のうち連続する2つ以上が同時に-O-となることはなく、
Lは、単結合、場合により置換基を有していてもよいメチレン基若しくは場合により置換基を有していてもよいエチレン基を表し、そしてLはZ2、R1及びR2が結合する窒素原子と一緒になって、場合により置換基を有していてもよい脂肪族含窒素複素環を形成してもよく、
Z1及びZ2は、同一又は異なって、単結合、場合により置換基を有していてもよいC1-4アルキレン基若しくは-O-を表し、
Ar1は、場合により置換基を有していてもよい芳香族炭素環基若しくは場合により置換基を有していてもよい芳香族複素環基を表し、
Ar2は、2価の基であって、場合により置換基を有していてもよい2環性の芳香族炭素環基若しくは場合により置換基を有していてもよい2環性の芳香族複素環基を表す]
で表されるピリドン誘導体又は薬学的に許容されうるその塩が開示されている。
nは、1または2であり、
Rは、NR1R2であり、式中、R1およびR2はそれぞれ独立して、Hおよび置換されていてもよいアルキルから選択されるか、またはR1およびR2は、それらが隣接するN原子と共に、示されるN原子に加えて1または2個のヘテロ原子を含んでもよい4~7員の置換されていてもよい複素環を形成し、
R3およびR4はそれぞれ独立して、Hおよびアルキルから選択されるか、またはR、R3およびR4は、組み合わせて、置換されていてもよいイミダゾリン-2-イルを形成することができ、
Bは、アリールまたはヘテロアリールであり、かつ
R5、R6およびR7はそれぞれ独立して、H、-OH、-O-アルキル、アルキル、ハロ、-CF3、および-CNから選択され、
但し、前記化合物は、以下の
R1およびR2は、独立して、ハロゲン、水素、-OH、C1-C6アルキル、-OC1-C6アルキル、-O-ハロゲン置換C1-C6アルキルおよびハロゲン置換C1-C6アルキルからなる群より選択され;
Wは、-N-または-CH-であり;
Qは-O-、-NH-もしくは-C-であり、またはR4、芳香環BおよびR3とともにヘテロアリールを形成し;
R3は、ハロゲン、水素、-OC1-C6アルキル、C1-C6アルキル、-O-ハロゲン置換C1-C6アルキル、ハロゲン置換C1-C6アルキル、シアノ、SO2C1-C6アルキルまたは芳香環B、QおよびR4とともにヘテロアリール環を形成し;
R4は、水素、オキソ、C1-C6アルキル、ハロゲン置換C1-C6アルキルまたは芳香環B、R3およびQとともにヘテロアリールを形成し、またはR5とともにC3-C6シクロアルキルを形成し;
R5、R6およびR7は、それぞれ独立して、水素、C1-C6アルキル、ハロゲン置換C1-C6アルキル、C3-C6シクロアルキル、ハロゲン置換C3-C6シクロアルキル、C1-C6アルキルC3-C6シクロアルキル、-OH、C1-C6アルキル-OHおよび-OC1-C6アルキルからなる群より選択され、またはR5がR6とともにオキソ基もしくはC3-C6シクロアルキルを形成し、またはR5がR4とともにC3-C6シクロアルキルを形成する。ここで、R5、R6およびR7の少なくとも1つは水素ではない。
nは1-3を表す]
で表される化合物またはその医薬的に許容される塩が開示されている。
Ar1は、置換基を有していてもよい環状基を示し;
XおよびYは、同一または異なって主鎖の原子数1ないし6のスペーサーを示し;
Arは、置換基を有していてもよい縮合多環式芳香環を示し;
R1およびR2は、同一または異なって水素原子または置換基を有していてもよい炭化水素基を示すか、R1とR2とは隣接する窒素原子とともに置換基を有していてもよい含窒素複素環を形成してもよく、R2は隣接する窒素原子およびYとともに置換基を有していてもよい含窒素複素環を形成していてもよく、R2は隣接する窒素原子、YおよびArとともに置換基を有していてもよい含窒素縮合環を形成していてもよい]
で表される化合物またはその塩が開示されている。
Arは、置換されていてもよい環を示し;
Aは、主鎖原子数1ないし4のスペーサーを示し;
Bは、結合手、C1-10アルキレン基または酸素原子を示し;
R3およびR5は、独立して水素原子または置換基を示し;
R4は、置換されていてもよい環状基または置換されていてもよいC1-10アルキル基を示し;
R1およびR2は、独立して水素原子または置換基を示すか、R1は、R2またはBと結合して置換されていてもよい含窒素複素環を形成するか、R1は、Arと結合して置換されていてもよい含窒素縮合複素環を形成する]
で表される化合物またはその塩が開示されている。
[1] 式:
環ABは、さらに置換されていてもよく;
Ar1は、置換されていてもよい5または6員芳香環基を;
X1は、CR1またはNを;
X2およびX3は、独立して、CHまたはNを;
Y1およびY2は、一方が炭素原子で、かつ他方が窒素原子を;
Wは、結合手、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキレン基、または置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニレン基を;および
R1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、または置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基を示す。]
で表される化合物またはその塩(以下、「化合物(I)」と略記することもある。);
[2] 環ABが、
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でさらに置換されていてもよい、前記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[3] Ar1が、1ないし3個のハロゲン原子でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基、チエニル基またはフリル基である、前記[1]または[2]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[4] X1が、CHである、前記[1]、[2]または[3]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[5] X2およびX3が、CHである、前記[1]、[2]、[3]または[4]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[6] Wが、結合手である、前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]または[5]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[7] 環ABが、
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でさらに置換されていてもよく;
Ar1が、1ないし3個のハロゲン原子でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基、チエニル基またはフリル基であり;
X1が、CR1であり;
X2およびX3が、CHであり;
Y1およびY2が、一方が炭素原子で、かつ他方が窒素原子であり;
Wが、結合手であり;および
R1が、水素原子である、前記[1]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[8] 前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩を含有してなる、医薬;
[9] メラニン凝集ホルモン受容体拮抗剤である、前記[8]記載の医薬;
[10] 摂食抑制剤である、前記[8]記載の医薬;
[11] 肥満症の予防または治療剤である、前記[8]記載の医薬;
[12] 前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩を哺乳動物に有効量投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物におけるメラニン凝集ホルモン受容体拮抗方法;
[13] 前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩を哺乳動物に有効量投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における摂食抑制方法;
[14] 前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩を哺乳動物に有効量投与することを特徴とする、該哺乳動物における肥満症の予防または治療方法;
[15] メラニン凝集ホルモン受容体拮抗剤を製造するための、前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩の使用;
[16] 摂食抑制剤を製造するための、前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩の使用;
[17] 肥満症の予防または治療剤を製造するための、前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩の使用;
[18] メラニン凝集ホルモン受容体の拮抗に使用するための、前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[19] 摂食抑制に使用するための前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩;
[20] 肥満症の予防または治療に使用するための、前記[1]、[2]、[3]、[4]、[5]、[6]または[7]記載の化合物またはその塩;
等に関する。
本発明において用いられる記号および用語の定義について、以下に詳述する。
(1)C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル、シクロヘキシル);
(2)(a)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(b)ヒドロキシ基、
(c)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、および
(d)ハロゲン原子
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC6-14アリール基(例、フェニル、ナフチル);
(3)(a)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(b)ヒドロキシ基、
(c)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、および
(d)ハロゲン原子
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよい芳香族複素環基(例、チエニル、フリル、ピリジル、ピラゾリル、イミダゾリル、テトラゾリル、オキサゾリル、チアゾリル、オキサジアゾリル、チアジアゾリル);
(4)(a)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(b)ヒドロキシ基、
(c)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、および
(d)ハロゲン原子
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよい非芳香族複素環基(例、テトラヒドロフリル、モルホリニル、チオモルホリニル、ピペリジニル、ピロリジニル、ピペラジニル);
(5)(a)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(b)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル-カルボニル基(例、メチルカルボニル、エチルカルボニル)、
(c)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基(例、メトキシカルボニル、エトキシカルボニル)、
(d)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいカルバモイル基(例、メチルカルバモイル、エチルカルバモイル)、および
(e)ホルミル基
から選択される置換基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいアミノ基;
(6)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル-カルボニル基(例、メチルカルボニル、エチルカルボニル);
(7)(a)ハロゲン原子、および
(b)C1-6アルコキシ基
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基;
(8)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキルスルホニル基(例、メチルスルホニル、エチルスルホニル、イソプロピルスルホニル);
(9)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいカルバモイル基;
(10)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいチオカルバモイル基;
(11)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいスルファモイル基;
(12)カルボキシ基;
(13)ヒドロキシ基;
(14)(a)ハロゲン原子、
(b)カルボキシ基、
(c)C1-6アルコキシ基、
(d)C1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基、
(e)C1-6アルキル基およびC1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基から選ばれる置換基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいアミノ基、
(f)C6-14アリール基(例、フェニル)、
(g)C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル)、
(h)芳香族複素環基(例、チエニル、フリル)、および
(i)ヒドロキシ基
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基;
(15)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニルオキシ基(例、エテニルオキシ);
(16)C6-14アリールオキシ基(例、フェニルオキシ、ナフチルオキシ);
(17)C1-6アルキル-カルボニルオキシ基(例、アセチルオキシ、tert-ブチルカルボニルオキシ);
(18)(a)ハロゲン原子、および
(b)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC6-14アリール-カルボニル基(例、ベンゾイル);
(19)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で1ないし3個置換されていてもよい非芳香族複素環カルボニル基(例、ピロリジニルカルボニル、モルホリニルカルボニル、1,1-ジオキシドチオモルホリニルカルボニル);
(20)メルカプト基;
(21)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキルチオ基(例、メチルチオ、エチルチオ);
(22)C7-13アラルキルチオ基(例、ベンジルチオ);
(23)C6-14アリールチオ基(例、フェニルチオ、ナフチルチオ);
(24)シアノ基;
(25)ニトロ基;
(26)ハロゲン原子;
(27)C1-3アルキレンジオキシ基;
(28)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で1ないし3個置換されていてもよい芳香族複素環カルボニル基(例、ピラゾリルカルボニル、ピラジニルカルボニル、イソオキサゾリルカルボニル、ピリジルカルボニル、チアゾリルカルボニル);および
(29)1ないし3個のC6-14アリール基(例、フェニル)で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいヒドロキシイミノ基。
(1)置換基群A;
(2)(a)ハロゲン原子、
(b)カルボキシ基、
(c)ヒドロキシ基、
(d)C1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基、
(e)C1-6アルコキシ基、
(f)C1-6アルキル基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいアミノ基、および
(g)C3-10シクロアルキルオキシ基(好ましくは、シクロプロピルオキシ)
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基;
(3)(a)ハロゲン原子、
(b)カルボキシ基、
(c)ヒドロキシ基、
(d)C1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基、
(e)C1-6アルコキシ基、
(f)C1-6アルキル基でモノまたはジ置換されていてもよいアミノ基、および
(g)C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニル基(例、エテニル);
(4)C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル)で1ないし3個置換されていてもよいC2-6アルキニル基(例、エチニル);
(5)(a)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(b)ヒドロキシ基、
(c)C1-6アルコキシ基、および
(d)ハロゲン原子
から選ばれる1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC7-13アラルキル基(例、ベンジル);および
(6)オキソ基。
フリル(例、2-フリル、3-フリル)、チエニル(例、2-チエニル、3-チエニル)、ピリジル(例、2-ピリジル、3-ピリジル、4-ピリジル)、ピリミジニル(例、2-ピリミジニル、4-ピリミジニル、5-ピリミジニル)、ピリダジニル(例、3-ピリダジニル、4-ピリダジニル)、ピラジニル(例、2-ピラジニル)、ピロリル(例、1-ピロリル、2-ピロリル、3-ピロリル)、イミダゾリル(例、1-イミダゾリル、2-イミダゾリル、4-イミダゾリル、5-イミダゾリル)、ピラゾリル(例、1-ピラゾリル、3-ピラゾリル、4-ピラゾリル)、チアゾリル(例、2-チアゾリル、4-チアゾリル、5-チアゾリル)、イソチアゾリル(例、4-イソチアゾリル)、オキサゾリル(例、2-オキサゾリル、4-オキサゾリル、5-オキサゾリル)、イソオキサゾリル、オキサジアゾリル(例、1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-3-イル、1,2,4-オキサジアゾール-5-イル、1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)、チアジアゾリル(例、1,3,4-チアジアゾール-2-イル、1,2,4-チアジアゾール-3-イル、1,2,4-チアジアゾール-5-イル)、トリアゾリル(例、1,2,4-トリアゾール-1-イル、1,2,4-トリアゾール-3-イル、1,2,3-トリアゾール-1-イル、1,2,3-トリアゾール-2-イル、1,2,3-トリアゾール-4-イル)、テトラゾリル(例、テトラゾール-1-イル、テトラゾール-5-イル)、トリアジニル(例、1,2,4-トリアジン-1-イル、1,2,4-トリアジン-3-イル、1,2,4-トリアジン-5-イル、1,2,4-トリアジン-6-イル)等が挙げられる。
(1)置換基群A;および
(2)オキソ基。
(1)ハロゲン原子、
(2)シアノ基、
(3)ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ヒドロキシ基、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、置換されていてもよい芳香環基、-CO-R7A、および-S(O)n1-R7Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(4)ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ヒドロキシ基、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、置換されていてもよい芳香環基、-CO-R8A、および-S(O)n2-R8Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、
(5)置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニル基、
(6)置換されていてもよい環状基、および
(7)-CO-R9
(ここで、R7A、R7B、R8A、R8BおよびR9は、独立して、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、または置換されていてもよいアミノ基を示し;および
n1およびn2は、独立して、0ないし2の整数を示す。)。
置換基群Aから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
置換基群Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、または
置換基群Bの(1)ないし(5)から選択される1または2個の置換基で置換されていてもよいアミノ基である。
(1)ハロゲン原子、
(2)シアノ基、
(3)ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ヒドロキシ基、置換基群Aから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、置換基群Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、置換基群Bの(1)ないし(5)から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよい芳香環基、-CO-R7A、および-S(O)n1-R7Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(4)ハロゲン原子、シアノ基、ヒドロキシ基、置換基群Aから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、置換基群Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、置換基群Bの(1)ないし(5)から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよい芳香環基、-CO-R8A、および-S(O)n2-R8Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、
(5)置換基群Aから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニル基、
(6)置換基群Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、
(7)置換基群Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよい複素環基(好ましくは、環構成原子として炭素原子以外に酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子から選択されるヘテロ原子を1ないし4個含有する4ないし6員複素環基、例えば、テトラヒドロフラニル、ジヒドロオキサゾリル、オキサゾリル、イソオキサゾリル、ピラゾリル、オキサジアゾリル、オキセタニル、チアゾリル)、および
(8)-CO-R9
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基である。
環ABがさらに有していてもよい置換基は、さらに好ましくは、
(1)シアノ基、
(2)(a)ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)、
(b)シアノ基、
(c)ヒドロキシ基、
(d)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、および
(e)C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(3)(a)ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子)、
(b)シアノ基、
(c)ハロゲン原子およびヒドロキシ基から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(d)カルバモイル基、
(e)C1-6アルコキシ基、
(f)オキソ基、
(g)ヒドロキシ基、
(h)C1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基、および
(i)カルボキシ基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル)、
(4)C1-6アルキル基およびC3-10シクロアルキル基から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、テトラヒドロフラニル基(例、テトラヒドロフラン-2-イル、テトラヒドロフラン-3-イル)、ジヒドロオキサゾリル基(例、4,5-ジヒドロ-1,3-オキサゾール-2-イル)、オキサゾリル基(例、1,3-オキサゾール-5-イル、1,3-オキサゾール-4-イル)、イソオキサゾリル基(例、1,2-オキサゾール-5-イル、1,2-オキサゾール-3-イル)、ピラゾリル基(例、1H-ピラゾール-3-イル)、オキサジアゾリル基(例、1,3,4-オキサジアゾール-2-イル)、オキセタニル基(例、オキセタン-3-イル)もしくはチアゾリル基(例、チアゾール-5-イル)、および
(5)-CO-R9A
(式中、R9Aは、C1-6アルキル基、C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)、(C1-6アルキル)アミノ基、ジ(C1-6アルキル)アミノ基または(ヒドロキシ-C1-6アルキル)アミノ基である)
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基である。
(1)(a)ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)、
(b)シアノ基、
(c)ヒドロキシ基、
(d)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基、および
(e)C3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、および
(2)(a)ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子)、
(b)シアノ基、
(c)ハロゲン原子およびヒドロキシ基から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
(d)カルバモイル基、
(e)C1-6アルコキシ基、
(f)オキソ基、
(g)ヒドロキシ基、
(h)C1-6アルコキシ-カルボニル基、および
(i)カルボキシ基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル、シクロブチル、シクロペンチル)
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基である。
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)
から選択される1ないし3個(好ましくは、1または2個)の置換基である。
置換基群Bの(1)ないし(5)から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいフェニル基、または
置換基群Bの(1)ないし(5)から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよい5または6員芳香族複素環基(好ましくは、環構成原子として炭素原子以外に酸素原子、硫黄原子および窒素原子から選択されるヘテロ原子を1ないし4個含有する5または6員芳香族複素環基、例えば、ピリジル、チエニル、チアゾリル、ピラゾリル、ピリミジニル、フリル)である。
(a)ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)、
(b)シアノ基、
(c)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基(例、トリフルオロメチル基)、および
(d)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基(例、ピリジン-2-イル、ピリジン-3-イル、ピリジン-4-イル)、チエニル基(例、チオフェン-2-イル、チオフェン-3-イル)、チアゾリル基(例、チアゾール-2-イル、チアゾール-5-イル)、ピラゾリル基(例、ピラゾール-3-イル)、ピリミジニル基(例、ピリミジン-5-イル)またはフリル基(例、フラン-2-イル)である。
(a)ハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)、
(b)シアノ基、
(c)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基(例、トリフルオロメチル基)、および
(d)1ないし3個のハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基(例、ピリジン-2-イル、ピリジン-3-イル、ピリジン-4-イル)、チエニル基(例、チオフェン-2-イル、チオフェン-3-イル)またはフリル基(例、フラン-2-イル)である。
水素原子、
ハロゲン原子、
置換基群Aから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、
置換基群Bから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、または
置換基群Aから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基である。
水素原子、または
ハロゲン原子、ヒドロキシ基およびC1-6アルコキシ基から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基である。
X2およびX3がCHであるか、
X2がNであり、かつX3がCHであるか、あるいは
X2がCHであり、かつX3がNである。
X2およびX3は、好ましくは、CHである。
結合手、
置換基群Cから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキレン基、または
置換基群Cから選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニレン基である。
結合手、
オキソ基およびヒドロキシ基から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキレン基、または
オキソ基およびヒドロキシ基から選択される1ないし3個の置換基で置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニレン基である。
[化合物(I-A)]
化合物(I)において、
環ABは、
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でさらに置換されていてもよく;
Ar1は、1ないし3個のハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基(例、ピリジン-2-イル、ピリジン-3-イル、ピリジン-4-イル)、チエニル基(例、チオフェン-2-イル、チオフェン-3-イル)またはフリル基(例、フラン-2-イル)であり;
X1は、CR1であり;
X2およびX3は、CHであり;
Y1およびY2は、一方が炭素原子で、かつ他方が窒素原子であり;
Wは、結合手であり;および
R1は、水素原子である、化合物またはその塩。
化合物(I)において、
環ABは、
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基(例、シクロプロピル)
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でさらに置換されていてもよく;
Ar1は、1ないし3個のハロゲン原子(例、フッ素原子、塩素原子)でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基またはピリジル基(例、ピリジン-2-イル、ピリジン-3-イル、ピリジン-4-イル)であり;
X1は、CR1であり;
X2およびX3は、CHであり;
Y1およびY2は、一方が炭素原子で、かつ他方が窒素原子であり;
Wは、結合手であり;および
R1は、水素原子である、化合物またはその塩。
[化合物(I-C)]
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(2-シクロプロピル-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-6-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(2-シクロプロピル-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-6-イル)フロ [3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
2-(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)-5-(2-シクロプロピル-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-6-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(2-((1RS,2SR)-2-(2-ヒドロキシプロパン-2-イル)シクロプロピル)-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-6-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
同位元素で標識または置換された化合物(I)は、例えば、陽電子断層法(Positron Emission Tomography:PET)において使用するトレーサー(PETトレーサー)として用いることができ、医療診断などの分野において有用である。
ラセミ体と光学活性な化合物(例えば、(+)-マンデル酸、(-)-マンデル酸、(+)-酒石酸、(-)-酒石酸、(+)-1-フェネチルアミン、(-)-1-フェネチルアミン、シンコニン、(-)-シンコニジン、ブルシン)との塩を形成させ、これを分別再結晶法によって分離し、所望により、中和工程を経てフリーの光学異性体を得る方法。
ラセミ体またはその塩を光学異性体分離用カラム(キラルカラム)にかけて分離する方法。例えば、液体クロマトグラフィーの場合、ENANTIO-OVM(トーソー社製)あるいは、ダイセル社製 CHIRALシリーズなどのキラルカラムに光学異性体の混合物を添加し、水、種々の緩衝液(例、リン酸緩衝液)、有機溶媒(例、エタノール、メタノール、イソプロパノール、アセトニトリル、トリフルオロ酢酸、ジエチルアミン)を単独あるいは混合した溶液として展開させることにより、光学異性体を分離する。また、例えば、ガスクロマトグラフィーの場合、CP-Chirasil-DeX CB(ジーエルサイエンス社製)などのキラルカラムを使用して分離する。
ラセミ体の混合物を光学活性な試薬との化学反応によってジアステレオマーの混合物とし、これを通常の分離手段(例えば、分別再結晶、クロマトグラフィー法)などを経て単一物質とした後、加水分解反応などの化学的な処理により光学活性な試薬部位を切り離すことにより光学異性体を得る方法。例えば、化合物(I)が分子内にヒドロキシ基、または1級もしくは2級アミノ基を有する場合、該化合物と光学活性な有機酸(例えば、MTPA〔α-メトキシ-α-(トリフルオロメチル)フェニル酢酸〕、(-)-メントキシ酢酸)などとを縮合反応に付すことにより、それぞれエステル体またはアミド体のジアステレオマーが得られる。一方、化合物(I)がカルボキシル基を有する場合、該化合物と光学活性アミンまたはアルコールとを縮合反応に付すことにより、それぞれアミド体またはエステル体のジアステレオマーが得られる。分離されたジアステレオマーは、酸加水分解あるいは塩基性加水分解反応に付すことにより、元の化合物の光学異性体に変換される。
化合物(I)のアミノ基がアシル化、アルキル化またはりん酸化された化合物(例、化合物(I)のアミノ基がエイコサノイル化、アラニル化、ペンチルアミノカルボニル化、(5-メチル-2-オキソ-1,3-ジオキソレン-4-イル)メトキシカルボニル化、テトラヒドロフラニル化、ピロリジルメチル化、ピバロイルオキシメチル化またはtert-ブチル化された化合物等);
化合物(I)の水酸基がアシル化、アルキル化、りん酸化またはほう酸化された化合物(例、化合物(I)の水酸基がアセチル化、パルミトイル化、プロパノイル化、ピバロイル化、サクシニル化、フマリル化、アラニル化またはジメチルアミノメチルカルボニル化された化合物等);
化合物(I)のカルボキシル基がエステル化またはアミド化された化合物(例、化合物(I)のカルボキシル基がエチルエステル化、フェニルエステル化、カルボキシメチルエステル化、ジメチルアミノメチルエステル化、ピバロイルオキシメチルエステル化、エトキシカルボニルオキシエチルエステル化、フタリジルエステル化、(5-メチル-2-オキソ-1,3-ジオキソレン-4-イル)メチルエステル化、シクロヘキシルオキシカルボニルエチルエステル化またはメチルアミド化された化合物等)等が挙げられる。
工程Aは、化合物(4)1モルに対し、ブロモ化試薬1.0~5.0モル、好ましくは1.0~2.0モルを用いてブロモ化し、化合物(5)を得るものである。
工程Bは、化合物(5)1モルに対し、化合物(6)約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~5.0モル、塩基約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~5.0モル、金属触媒約0.000001~5モル、好ましくは約0.0001~2モルを用いて化合物(2)を得るものである。
工程Aは、化合物(7)1モルに対し、塩基約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モル存在下、ギ酸エステル約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モルを反応させた後、アジ化ナトリウム約1.0~20モル、好ましくは約1.0~5モルを用いて化合物(8)を得るものである。
工程Bは、化合物(8)1モルを、有機アミン化合物約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モル存在下、環化させ、化合物(2a/4a/5a)を得るものである。
工程Aは、自体公知の方法、例えばUS2009/0318475等に記載の方法、あるいはそれに準ずる方法により行われる。すなわち化合物(9)1モルを、マロノニトリル約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モル、塩基約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モルを用いて環化させ、化合物(10)を得るものである。
工程Bは、自体公知の方法、例えばUS2009/0318475等に記載の方法、あるいはそれに準ずる方法により行われる。すなわち化合物(10)1モルを、ギ酸約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モル、酸無水物約1.0~100モル、好ましくは約1.0~10モルを用いて環化させ、化合物(2b/4b)を得るものである。
工程Aは、化合物(12)1モルに対し、化合物(13)約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは1.0~5.0モルを反応させ、化合物(16)を得るものである。なお、YがE1の時、化合物(16)はすなわち化合物(3a’)である。
工程Bは、化合物(12)1モルに対し、塩基約1.0~10モル、好ましくは約1.0~5.0モル存在下、p-トルエンスルホニルクロリド約0.9~1.5モル、好ましくは1~1.2モルを反応させ、化合物(14)を得るものである。
工程Cは、製造法3-1、工程Aの方法、またはそれに準ずる方法に従って反応を行い、化合物(15)を得るものである。
工程Dは、化合物(15)1モルに対し、酸無水物約1~10モル、好ましくは約1~5モルを反応させ、化合物(16)を得るものである。なお、YがE1の時、化合物(16)はすなわち化合物(3a’)である。
本反応は反応に不活性な溶媒を用いて行うのが好ましく、このような溶媒としては、反応が進行する限り特に限定されないが、例えばベンゼン、トルエン、キシレンなどの芳香族炭化水素類;テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、ジエチルエーテルなどのエーテル類;クロロホルム、ジクロロメタンなどのハロゲン化炭化水素類などが挙げられる。これらの溶媒は、2種以上を適宜の割合で混合して用いてもよい。
工程Eは化合物(16)においてYがHO-W’-(式中、ヒドロキシ基は保護基を有していてもよい)の時、必要に応じて脱保護の後、化合物(16)を自体公知のハロゲン化反応もしくはスルホニル化反応に付すことにより、目的とする化合物(3b’)を得るものである。
工程Aは、化合物(17)1モルに対し、金属触媒を約0.01~5.0モル、好ましくは約0.01~2.0モル用いて水素雰囲気下で還元し、化合物(18)を製造するものである。
工程Bは、化合物(18)1モルに対し、化合物(19)約1.0~5.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~2.0モル、塩基約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~5.0モル、アミド化試薬約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~5.0モルを用いて化合物(20)を得るものである。
工程Cは、化合物(20)を酸存在下に環化させ、化合物(24)を得るものである。なお、YがE1の時、化合物(24)はすなわち化合物(3a’’)である。酸の使用量は化合物(20)に対して、約0.01~100モル、好ましくは約0.1~50モルである。
工程Dは、化合物(17)1モルに対し、化合物(21)約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~3.0モル、塩基約1.0~10.0モル、好ましくは約1.0~5.0モルを用いて化合物(22)を製造するものである。
工程Eは、上記製造法3-2、工程Aに示す方法、またはそれに順ずる方法によって化合物(22)を還元することにより化合物(23)を製造するものである。
工程Fは、上記製造法3-2、工程Cの方法またはそれに準ずる方法に従って、化合物(23)から化合物(24)を製造するものである。なお、YがE1の時、化合物(24)はすなわち化合物(3a’’)である。
工程Eは化合物(24)においてYがHO-W’-(式中、ヒドロキシ基は保護基を有していてもよい)の時、必要に応じて脱保護の後、化合物(24)を自体公知のハロゲン化反応もしくはスルホニル化反応に付すことにより、目的とする化合物(3b’’)を得るものである。
本発明化合物は、糖尿病(例、1型糖尿病、2型糖尿病、妊娠糖尿病、肥満型糖尿病、境界型糖尿病)、耐糖能不全(IGT(Impaired Glucose Tolerance))、糖尿病合併症(例、糖尿病性網膜症、糖尿病性神経症、糖尿病性腎症)、高脂血症(例、高トリグリセリド血症、高コレステロール血症、高LDLコレステロール血症、低HDLコレステロール血症、食後高脂血症)、動脈硬化症、膝関節炎、メタボリックシンドローム等の生活習慣病の予防・治療薬としても有用である。
1)本発明化合物と併用用薬剤とを同時に製剤化して得られる単一の製剤の投与、
2)本発明化合物と併用用薬剤とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の同一投与経路での同時投与、
3)本発明化合物と併用用薬剤とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の同一投与経路での時間差をおいての投与、
4)本発明化合物と併用用薬剤とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の異なる投与経路での同時投与、
5)本発明化合物と併用用薬剤とを別々に製剤化して得られる2種の製剤の異なる投与経路での時間差をおいての投与(例えば、本発明化合物、併用用薬剤の順序での投与、あるいは逆の順序での投与)
等が挙げられる。
以下の実施例中の「室温」は通常約1℃ないし約30℃を示す。%は、特に断らない限り重量%を示す。
1H NMR(プロトン核磁気共鳴スペクトル)において、ケミカルシフトはδ値(ppm)、カップリングコンスタントはHzで示した。
混合溶媒において示した比は、特に断らない限り容量比を示す。さらに、溶液における%は溶液100 mLあたりのグラム数を示す。
s: シングレット
d: ダブレット
t: トリプレット
q: カルテット
dd: ダブルダブレット
dt: ダブルトリプレット
tt: トリプルトリプレット
m: マルチプレット
br: ブロード
J: カップリングコンスタント
DMSO-d6: ジメチルスルホキシド-d6
1H NMR: プロトン核磁気共鳴
MS(ESI): 質量分析 (エレクトロスプレーイオン化法)
MeOH: メタノール
EtOH: エタノール
Et2O: ジエチルエーテル
POCl3: オキシ塩化リン
AcOEt: 酢酸エチル
CH3CN: アセトニトリル
DMSO: ジメチルスルホキシド
IPE: ジイソプロピルエーテル
IPA: イソプロパノール
THF: テトラヒドロフラン
DMF: N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
DMA: N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド
DCM: ジクロロメタン
K2CO3: 炭酸カリウム
NaHCO3: 炭酸水素ナトリウム
NH4Cl: 塩化アンモニウム
AcOH: 酢酸
TFA: トリフルオロ酢酸
MgSO4: 硫酸マグネシウム
MS-4A: モレキュラーシーブ 4A
N2: 窒素
HPLC: 高速液体クロマトグラフィー
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(2-シクロプロピル-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-6-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
2-シクロプロピル-6-ヨード-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン(742 mg)のTHF(25 mL)溶液にn-ブチルリチウム(1.6 Mヘキサン溶液、6.2 mL)を-78℃にて加え、窒素気流下、同温度で30分撹拌した。得られた混合物にホウ酸トリイソプロピル(0.86 mL)を-78℃にて加え、30分間同温度で撹拌後、室温にて3時間撹拌した。反応液を0℃にて1規定水酸化ナトリウムにあけ、酢酸エチルで洗浄後、得られた水層を、1規定塩酸でpH7.0へと中和し、酢酸エチル/2-プロパノールで抽出した。得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた固体を酢酸エチル/メタノールで洗浄し、標題化合物(176 mg)を黄色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 217.2.
2-(4-クロロフェニル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン(100 mg)、(2-シクロプロピル-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-6-イル)ボロン酸(106 mg)、酢酸銅(II)(4.99 mg)、ピリジン(0.066 mL)、MS-4A(48.9 mg)およびDMF(5.0 mL)の混合物を、室温にて4時間撹拌した後、50℃にて終夜撹拌した。得られた混合物をセライトでろ過後、ろ液を1規定塩酸にあけ、酢酸エチルで抽出した。得られた有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液および飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた固体をエタノールで洗浄し、標題化合物(10.0 mg)を淡褐色固体として得た。
1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.84-0.99 (4H, m), 2.04-2.14 (1H, m), 6.94 (1H, dd, J = 7.6, 0.8 Hz), 7.21 (1H, dd, J = 9.4, 1.9 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 9.4Hz), 7.53-7.59 (2H, m), 7.66 (1H, s), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 7.6 Hz), 7.88-7.96 (2H, m), 8.48 (1H, d, J = 1.5 Hz).(イミダゾピリジン環7位のメチル基上3HはDMSO領域に含まれる。)
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 416.1.
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(2-シクロプロピル-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-6-イル)フロ [3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
A) 5-ブロモ-N-メチル-2-ニトロアニリン
4-ブロモ-2-フルオロ-1-ニトロベンゼン(25 g)のエタノール(100 mL)溶液にメチルアミン(40%メタノール溶液、34.8 mL)を室温にて加え、1時間撹拌した。得られた混合物を0℃に冷却後、生じた沈殿をろ取し、氷冷エタノールおよびジイソプロピルエーテルで洗浄した。得られた固体を乾燥し、標題化合物(24.8 g)を黄色固体として得た。
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ2.95 (3H, d, J = 4.9 Hz), 6.83 (1H, dd, J = 9.1, 1.9 Hz), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz), 7.98 (1H, d, J = 9.1 Hz), 8.23 (1H, brs).
5-ブロモ-N-メチル-2-ニトロアニリン(4.2 g)、亜鉛(5.9 g)、塩化アンモニウム(9.7 g)およびメタノール(50 mL)の混合物を室温にて3時間撹拌した。メタノールを留去後、得られた混合物を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液で中和し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。得られた有機層を水と飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた残渣をオキシ塩化リン(1.68 mL)へ溶解し、シクロプロパンカルボン酸(2.86 mL)を室温にて加え、得られた混合物を120℃で3時間撹拌した。反応液を0℃へ冷却し、氷冷水および飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を注意深く滴下し、酢酸エチルで抽出した。得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた残渣を1規定塩酸に溶解し、酢酸エチルで洗浄した後、水層を4規定水酸化ナトリウムで塩基性とし、酢酸エチルで抽出した。得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮することで、標題化合物(3.3 g)を褐色固体として得た。
1H NMR(300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ0.95-1.14 (4H, m), 2.23 (1H, tt, J = 7.9, 5.1 Hz), 3.83 (3H, s), 7.24 (1H, dd, J = 8.5, 2.1 Hz), 7.41 (1H, d, J = 8.7 Hz), 7.75 (1H, d, J = 1.9 Hz).
2-(4-クロロフェニル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン(100 mg)、6-ブロモ-2-シクロプロピル-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール(123 mg)、N,N'-ジメチルエチレンジアミン(0.043 mL)、ヨウ化銅(I)(78.0 mg)、炭酸カリウム(169 mg)およびDMSO(3.0 mL)の混合物を、マイクロウェーブ照射下、190℃にて1時間撹拌した。反応混合物をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(NH、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)により精製し、得られた固体を酢酸エチルで洗浄し、標題化合物(37.3 mg)を淡赤色固体として得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1.02-1.14 (4H, m), 2.28 (1H, t, J = 4.8 Hz), 3.87 (3H, s), 6.88 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.14 (1H, d, J = 8.2 Hz), 7.51-7.65 (5H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.92 (2H, d, J = 8.3 Hz).
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 416.1.
2-(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)-5-(2-シクロプロピル-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン-6-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
A) N-(5-ヨードピリジン-2-イル)-4-メチルベンゼンスルホンアミド
5-ヨードピリジン-2-アミン(25.5 g)、4-メチルベンゼン-1-スルホニルクロリド(23.2 g) およびピリジン(250 mL)の混合物を100℃にて終夜撹拌した。反応液を水(1.2 L)にあけ、撹拌した後、生じた固体をろ取した。得られた固体を水およびジエチルエーテルで洗浄後、減圧下乾燥し、標題化合物(37.4 g)を白色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 374.9.
N-(5-ヨードピリジン-2-イル)-4-メチルベンゼンスルホンアミド(33.1 g) のDMF(400 mL)溶液に、0℃にて水素化ナトリウム(60%、油性、3.89 g)を加え、室温で30分撹拌した。得られた混合物に2-ブロモ-1-シクロプロピルプロパン-1-オン(23.5 g)を加え、室温にて終夜撹拌した。反応液を水にあけ、酢酸エチルで抽出し、得られた有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。生じた固体をジイソプロピルエーテルに懸濁し、1時間撹拌後、ろ取した。得られた固体を70℃にて酢酸エチル(1100 mL)に溶解し、ヘキサン(400 mL)を60℃にて滴下し、終夜室温まで放冷した。生じた沈殿をろ取、ヘキサン/酢酸エチル(1/1)で3回洗浄し、乾燥することで標題化合物(30.5 g)を白色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 470.9.
N-(1-(1-シクロプロピル-1-オキソプロパン-2-イル)-5-ヨードピリジン-2(1H)-イリデン)-4-メチルベンゼンスルホンアミド(30.5 g)のTHF(300 mL)溶液に、トリフルオロ酢酸無水物(18.3 mL)を滴下し、3時間撹拌した。生じた沈殿をろ取し、ジエチルエーテルで洗浄することで標題化合物の塩を白色固体として得た。得られた固体を1規定水酸化ナトリウムに溶解し、酢酸エチル/THFで抽出した後、有機層を飽和食塩水で洗浄し、硫酸ナトリウムで乾燥後、減圧下濃縮した。得られた固体をジイソプロピルエーテルで洗浄し、標題化合物(17.7 g)を黄色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 299.0.
3-(5-ブロモ-2-フリル)アクリル酸(41.5 g)のアセトニトリル(200 mL)溶液にトリエチルアミン(23.0 g)とクロロギ酸エチル(26.1 g)を加え、室温で30分間撹拌した。得られた混合物にアジ化ナトリウム(18.7 g)の飽和水溶液を0℃にて加え、室温にて5時間撹拌した。反応液をろ過後、得られた固体を水で洗浄し、ジクロロメタンより再結晶することで標題化合物(20.7 g)を白色固体として得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.23 (1H, d, J = 15.2 Hz), 6.82 (1H, d, J = 3.2 Hz), 7.13 (1H, d, J = 3.6 Hz), 7.51 (1H, d, J = 15.6 Hz).
アジ化 3-(5-ブロモ-2-フリル)アクリロイル(20.7 g)、ジフェニルエーテル(200 mL)およびトリブチルアミン(16 mL)の混合物を、窒素気流下、220-230℃で30分間撹拌した。反応液を室温に放冷後、tert-ブチルメチルエーテル(200 mL)を加え、生じた固体をろ取した。得られた固体をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(ヘキサン、次いで酢酸エチル/THF)で精製、続いてHPLC (C18、移動相:水/アセトニトリル (0.1% TFA含有系)) にて分取し、得られた画分に飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した。無水硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下濃縮、酢酸エチルにより再結晶することで標題化合物(7.00 g)を白色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 213.8.
2-ブロモフロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン(200 mg)、リチウム1-(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)-4-メチル-2,6,7-トリオキサ-1-ボラビシクロ [2.2.2]オクタン-1-ウイド(462 mg)、酢酸パラジウム(II)(21.0 mg)、ヨウ化銅(I)(178 mg)、トリフェニルホスフィン(49.0 mg)およびDMA(1.0 mL)の混合物をマイクロウェーブ照射下、250℃にて30分間加熱した。反応液をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(NH、メタノール/酢酸エチル)で精製後、得られた固体をジイソプロピルエーテルで洗浄し、標題化合物(69.0 mg)を白色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 247.0.
2-(5-クロロピリジン-2-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン(69.0 mg)、2-シクロプロピル-6-ヨード-3-メチルイミダゾ[1,2-a]ピリジン(100 mg)、N,N'-ジメチルエチレンジアミン(0.030 mL)、ヨウ化銅(I)(53.3 mg)、炭酸カリウム(116 mg)およびDMSO(3.0 mL)の混合物をマイクロウェーブ照射下、220℃にて1時間加熱した。反応液をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(NH、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)で精製後、得られた固体を酢酸エチルで洗浄し、標題化合物(2.30 mg)を淡赤色固体として得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 0.81-1.01 (4H, brs), 1.99-2.19 (1H, brs), 6.88-7.08 (1H, brs), 7.13-7.33 (1H, brs), 7.39-7.59 (1H, d, J = 4.8 Hz), 7.57-7.77 (1H, brs), 7.71-7.91 (1H, brs), 7.89-8.01 (1H, brs), 7.97-8.17 (1H, brs), 8.39-8.59 (1H, brs), 8.62-8.82 (1H, brs).(イミダゾピリジン環7位のメチル基上3HはDMSO領域に含まれる。)
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 417.1.
2-(4-クロロフェニル)-5-(2-((1RS,2SR)-2-(2-ヒドロキシプロパン-2-イル)シクロプロピル)-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-6-イル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン
A) (1RS,2SR)-2-(メトキシカルボニル)シクロプロパンカルボン酸
3-オキサビシクロ[3.1.0]ヘキサン-2,4-ジオン(766 mg)を、0℃にてメタノール(10 mL)に加えた後、トリエチルアミン(0.953 mL)を加え、室温で1時間撹拌した。溶媒を留去後、残渣を酢酸エチルに溶解し、1規定塩酸および飽和食塩水で洗浄、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥後、減圧下濃縮し、標題化合物(460 mg)を無色油状物として得た。
1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 1.34 (1H, dt, J = 8.5, 4.9 Hz), 1.70 (1H, dt, J = 6.8, 4.9 Hz), 2.02-2.22 (2H, m), 3.72 (3H, s).
4-ブロモ-N2-メチルベンゼン-1,2-ジアミン(279 mg)、ジイソプロピルエチルアミン(0.727 mL)および(1RS,2SR)-2-(メトキシカルボニル)シクロプロパンカルボン酸(200 mg)のDMF(5 mL)の溶液に、O-(7-アザベンゾトリアゾール-1-イル)-N,N,N',N'-テトラメチルウロニウムヘキサフルオロホスフェート(554 mg)を室温にて加え、1時間撹拌した。反応液に水を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出し、得られた有機層を水と飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた残渣を酢酸(5 mL)に溶解し、80℃にて1時間撹拌した。反応液を濃縮後、残渣に飽和炭酸水素ナトリウムを加え、酢酸エチルで抽出した。得られた有機層を水と飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(メタノール/酢酸エチル)で精製し、標題化合物(80 mg)を淡褐色固体として得た。
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 309.1.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 1.55 (1H, dt, J = 8.4, 4.3 Hz), 1.72-1.80 (1H, m), 2.26-2.36 (1H, m), 2.74 (1H, q, J = 8.4 Hz), 3.41 (3H, s), 3.72 (3H, s), 7.28 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.49 (1H, d, J = 8.5 Hz), 7.76 (1H, s).
メチル (1RS,2SR)-2-(6-ブロモ-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-2-イル)シクロプロパンカルボキシラート(80 mg)のTHF(2 mL)溶液にメチルマグネシウムクロリド(3.0 M THF溶液、0.69 mL)を0℃にて加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。反応液に1規定塩酸を加え、酢酸エチルで抽出し、得られた有機層を飽和炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液および飽和食塩水で洗浄後、硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、減圧下濃縮した。得られた残渣をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)で精製し、標題化合物(34 mg)を白色固体として得た。
1H NMR (300 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 1.28-1.35 (5H, m), 1.46-1.63 (4H, m), 1.92-2.03 (1H, m), 3.80 (3H, s), 7.28-7.35 (1H, m), 7.38-7.50 (2H, m).
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 309.2.
2-(4-クロロフェニル)フロ[3,2-c]ピリジン-4(5H)-オン(100 mg)、2-((1RS,2SR)-2-(6-ブロモ-1-メチル-1H-ベンゾイミダゾール-2-イル)シクロプロピル)プロパン-2-オール(151 mg)、N,N'-ジメチルエチレンジアミン(0.043 mL)、ヨウ化銅(I)(78.0 mg)、炭酸カリウム(169 mg)およびDMSO(3.0 mL)の混合物をマイクロウェーブ照射下、190℃にて1時間加熱した。反応液をシリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー(NH、酢酸エチル/ヘキサン)で精製後、得られた固体を酢酸エチルで洗浄し、標題化合物(37.9 g)を淡赤色固体として得た。
1H NMR (400 MHz, CHLOROFORM-d) δ 1.31 (3H, s), 1.34-1.43 (4H, m), 1.50-1.70 (2H, m), 1.94-2.11 (1H, m), 3.84 (3H, s), 6.66 (1H, d, J = 7.5 Hz), 6.89 (1H, brs), 7.17 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.23-7.28 (1H, m), 7.36 (1H, d, J = 7.4 Hz), 7.39-7.46 (3H, m), 7.67 (1H, d, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.72 (2H, d, J = 8.4 Hz).
MS (ESI+):[M+H]+ 474.1.
(1)実施例1の化合物 50mg
(2)ラクトース 34mg
(3)トウモロコシ澱粉 10.6mg
(4)トウモロコシ澱粉(のり状) 5mg
(5)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 0.4mg
(6)カルボキシメチルセルロースカルシウム 20mg
計 120mg
常法に従い上記(1)~(6)を混合し、錠剤機を用いて打錠することにより、錠剤が得られる。
(1)実施例1の化合物 30mg
(2)微粉末セルロース 10mg
(3)ラクトース 19mg
(4)ステアリン酸マグネシウム 1mg
計 60mg
(1)、(2)、(3)および(4)を混合して、ゼラチンカプセルに充填する。
バインディングアッセイを用いた被験化合物のヒトMCH受容体1(MCHR1)結合阻害活性の測定
1.膜画分の調製
W001/82925に記載のヒトMCHR1(=SLC-1受容体)発現CHO細胞クローン57を用いて、以下の方法によりMCHR1発現CHO細胞膜画分を調製した。
5mM EDTA(エチレンジアミン四酢酸)を添加したリン酸緩衛生理食塩水(pH 7.4)にヒトMCHR1発現CHO細胞(1 x 108個)を浮遊させ、遠心した。細胞のペレットにホモジネートバッファー(10 mM NaHC03、5 mM EDTA、pH 7.5、O.5 mM PMSF(フェニルメチルスルホニルフルオライド)、20 mg/L ロイペプチン、4 mg/L E-64、1 mg/L ペプスタチンA)を10 mL加え、ポリトロンホモジナイザーを用いてホモジネー卜した。400 x gで10分間遠心して得られた上清をさらに100,000 x gで1時間遠心し、膜画分の沈澱物を得た。この沈澱物を2 mLのアッセイバッファー[20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5)、5 mM EDTA、0.5 mM PMSF、20 mg/L ロイペプチン、4 mg/L E-64、1 mg/L ペプスタチンA]に懸濁した。膜画分を2 mg/mLのタンパク質濃度になるようにアッセイバッファーに懸濁し、分注後-80℃で保存し、使用の都度、解凍して用いた。
被験化合物のMCHR1リガンド結合阻害活性の測定は以下の通り実施した。
ポリプロピレン製の96ウェルプレート(3363、Corning)に、アッセイバッフアーで希釈したMCHR1発現CHO細胞膜画分(173 μL)を分注した後、DMSO溶液(2 μL)、DMSO溶液で希釈した33 μM cold MCH(1-19)(2 μL)、または種々の濃度にDMSO溶液で希釈した被験化合物溶液(2 μL)を加え、最後にアッセイバッファーで希釈した[125I]-MCH(4-19)(以下、「hot MCH」ともいう)(25 μL)を、それぞれのウェルに添加した。この反応液を室温で1時間、撹拌しながら反応させた後、このプレートをフィルターメートハーベスター(パーキンエルマー)にセットして、予めセットしておいたポリエチレンイミン処理済みグラスフィルタープレート(GF/C、パーキンエルマー)を用いて吸引ろ過し、さらに洗浄液(50 mM Tris-HCl緩衝液 pH 7.5)で3回洗浄した。グラスフィルタープレートを乾燥させた後、マイクロシンチ0(パーキンエルマー)を25 μL/ウェル添加し、残った放射活性をトップカウント液体シンチレーションカウンター(パーキンエルマー)で測定した。被験化合物の結合阻害率は以下の式で算出した。
結合阻害率(%) = 100-(被験化合物とhot MCHを添加したときの放射活性-cold MCHとhot MCH溶液を添加したときの放射活性)/(DMSO溶液とhot MCHを添加したときの放射活性-cold MCHとhot MCH溶液を添加したときの放射活性) x 100
ヒトMCHR1発現CHO細胞を用いて測定を行った、被験化合物0.1 μMの結合阻害率(%)を表2に示す。
Ca2+モビライゼーションアッセイを用いた被験化合物のMCH受容体1拮抗活性の測定
ヒトMCHR1遺伝子を導入した動物細胞用発現ベクタープラスミドを用いて、リポフェクトアミンLTX(インビトロジェン)でヒトMCHR1遺伝子をCHO細胞(CHO dhfr-)に導入した。この細胞は選択MEMα培地[445 mLの核酸を含まないMEMα培地に5 mLのPenicillin-Streptomycin(インビトロジェン)および50 mLの透析ウシ胎仔血清を加えた]で培養した。選択培地中で増殖してきたヒトMCHR1遺伝子発現CHO細胞候補であるコロニー24クローンを選択した。これらのクローンの中からCa2+モビライゼーションアッセイで、25 nMリガンドMCH(4-19)添加刺激に対して最も大きなCa2+濃度変化応答を示した#4株を選抜した。以降の試験では、このヒトMCHR1発現CHO細胞(クローン#4)を用いた。Ca2+モビライゼーションアッセイには、分注機能統合型蛍光測定器(セルラックス、パーキンエルマー)を用いた。CHO細胞は、壁面が黒色、底面が透明な96ウェルのプレート(type 3904、Corning)に20000個/ウェルの密度で播種し、約24時間、5%C02、37℃のインキュベータで培養した。培地を除き、phosphate buffered saline(PBS)で洗浄した。Ca2+指示色素試薬(同仁化学、CaスクリーニングノンウォッシュキットFluo4)を100 μL/ウェルの割合で加えて、30分間、5%C02、37℃のインキュベータで色素を細胞に浸透させた。測定器にプレートをセットして、まずアッセイ用バッファー[10 mM HEPES (pH7.4)、0.1% BSAを含む1 x アッセイバッファー(同仁化学、CaスクリーニングノンウォッシュキットFluo4に付属)]に希釈した被験化合物溶液またはDMSO溶液を50 μL/ウェルの割合で加えて、次に50 μL/ウェルの割合で、アッセイ用バッファーに希釈したリガンドMCH(4-19)ペプチド(最終濃度2 nM)またはDMSOを加えた。この間、細胞内の蛍光変化を2秒間隔で測定した。リガンドMCH(4-19)ペプチド添加刺激によって生じた細胞内蛍光活性を100%、DMSO溶液のみを添加したウェルの細胞内蛍光活性を0%として、被験化合物のアンタゴニスト活性を阻害率(%)として以下の式より算出した。
阻害率(%)=100-[被験化合物とMCH(4-19)ペプチド溶液を添加したときの蛍光活性-DMSO溶液のみ添加したときの蛍光活性]/[DMSO溶液とMCH(4-19)ペプチド溶液を添加したときの蛍光活性-DMSO溶液のみ添加したときの蛍光活性] x 100
ヒトMCHR1発現CHO細胞(クローン#4)を用いて測定を行った、被験化合物0.1 μMのアンタゴニスト活性としての阻害率を表3に示す。
Claims (11)
- 式:
[式中、
環ABは、さらに置換されていてもよく;
Ar1は、置換されていてもよい5または6員芳香環基を;
X1は、CR1またはNを;
X2およびX3は、独立して、CHまたはNを;
Y1およびY2は、一方が炭素原子で、かつ他方が窒素原子を;
Wは、結合手、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキレン基、または置換されていてもよいC2-6アルケニレン基を;および
R1は、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基、置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基、または置換されていてもよいC1-6アルコキシ基を示す。]
で表される化合物またはその塩。 - 環ABが、
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でさらに置換されていてもよい、請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩。 - Ar1が、1ないし3個のハロゲン原子でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基、チエニル基またはフリル基である、請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩。
- X1が、CHである、請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩。
- X2およびX3が、CHである、請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩。
- Wが、結合手である、請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩。
- 環ABが、
(1)C1-6アルキル基、および
(2)1ないし3個のヒドロキシ基で置換されていてもよいC1-6アルキル基で置換されていてもよいC3-10シクロアルキル基
から選択される1ないし3個の置換基でさらに置換されていてもよく;
Ar1が、1ないし3個のハロゲン原子でそれぞれ置換されていてもよい、フェニル基、ピリジル基、チエニル基またはフリル基であり;
X1が、CR1であり;
X2およびX3が、CHであり;
Y1およびY2が、一方が炭素原子で、かつ他方が窒素原子であり;
Wが、結合手であり;および
R1が、水素原子である、請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩。 - 請求項1記載の化合物またはその塩を含有してなる、医薬。
- メラニン凝集ホルモン受容体拮抗剤である、請求項8記載の医薬。
- 摂食抑制剤である、請求項8記載の医薬。
- 肥満症の予防または治療剤である、請求項8記載の医薬。
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EP2848621A1 (en) | 2015-03-18 |
US20150087672A1 (en) | 2015-03-26 |
US9440987B2 (en) | 2016-09-13 |
EP2848621A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
JPWO2013168759A1 (ja) | 2016-01-07 |
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