WO2013160988A1 - 永久磁石型回転電機および車両駆動システム - Google Patents
永久磁石型回転電機および車両駆動システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013160988A1 WO2013160988A1 PCT/JP2012/060858 JP2012060858W WO2013160988A1 WO 2013160988 A1 WO2013160988 A1 WO 2013160988A1 JP 2012060858 W JP2012060858 W JP 2012060858W WO 2013160988 A1 WO2013160988 A1 WO 2013160988A1
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- permanent magnet
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- magnet insertion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/32—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
- B60L1/02—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to electric heating circuits
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/003—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to inverters
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
- B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
- B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/10—Dynamic electric regenerative braking
- B60L7/14—Dynamic electric regenerative braking for vehicles propelled by ac motors
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
- B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L9/00—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle
- B60L9/16—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors
- B60L9/18—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines
- B60L9/22—Electric propulsion with power supply external to the vehicle using ac induction motors fed from dc supply lines polyphase motors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
- H02K1/2766—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM] having a flux concentration effect
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/10—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by gaseous cooling medium flowing in closed circuit, a part of which is external to the machine casing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2200/00—Type of vehicles
- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
- B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
- B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
- B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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- B60L2240/423—Torque
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
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- B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
- B60L2240/429—Current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotating electrical machine such as a motor for a vehicle, and more particularly to a structure of a rotor in a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine in which a permanent magnet is arranged inside the rotor.
- the permanent magnet type motor has a surface magnet structure motor (SPM motor: Surface Permanent Magnet Motor) with a permanent magnet attached to the surface of the rotor, and an embedded magnet structure in which the permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor. It is roughly classified into an electric motor (IPM motor: Interior, Permanent, Magnet, Motor). However, since the vehicular electric motor rotates at several thousand revolutions per minute, it is necessary to ensure the centrifugal strength strength of the permanent magnet during high-speed rotation. For this reason, it can be said that the vehicular electric motor is exclusively limited to the IPM motor.
- a switching element (hereinafter referred to as “Si element”) formed based on silicon (Si) has been generally used.
- Si element silicon
- the current (motor current) flowing through the IPM motor and in order to ensure the required motor output, the output voltage of the IPM motor Needed to be high.
- the no-load induced voltage of the IPM motor is equal to or higher than the overhead line voltage at the maximum rotational speed of the IPM motor.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an IPM motor in which two rotor magnets per pole are arranged in a V shape, and a shape in which a heat transfer member for cooling is placed in the center of the V shape. .
- the no-load induced voltage is higher than the overhead wire voltage. For this reason, for example, if an inverter fails when an induced voltage higher than the overhead wire voltage is generated between the terminals of the IPM motor, it is necessary to control the current that flows from the IPM motor to the overhead wire side. There was a problem that the control increased and the control became complicated. Note that making the no-load induced voltage equal to or lower than the overhead line voltage can be dealt with, for example, by reducing the number of turns of the stator winding of the IPM motor or increasing the number of parallel circuits of the stator winding.
- the arrangement of the heat transfer member as shown in Patent Document 2 has a problem in that the reluctance torque is lowered because the heat transfer member is located at a position that obstructs the magnetic path of the reluctance torque.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and reduces the amount of permanent magnets, suppresses a decrease in reluctance torque, and makes it possible to improve the overall efficiency including a drive circuit such as an inverter.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a rotary electric machine and a vehicle drive system.
- the present invention is driven by an inverter having a switching element made of a wide band gap semiconductor, and a stator having a stator coil housed in a slot;
- a rotor having a rotor core disposed rotatably on the stator via a rotation gap, and a plurality of permanent magnets embedded in each rotor core;
- magnet insertion holes for embedding the permanent magnets are provided side by side in a generally U shape toward the outer peripheral surface of the rotor, and in a direction orthogonal to the magnetization direction of the permanent magnets embedded in the magnet insertion holes.
- Cavities are formed on both side surface portions, and in one permanent magnet group composed of the plurality of permanent magnets, between one magnet insertion hole in which the permanent magnet is embedded and an adjacent magnet insertion hole or A ventilation hole penetrating in the axial direction of the rotor core is provided between the one magnet insertion hole and the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core, and the ventilation hole together with the magnet insertion hole is substantially U-shaped. It is arrange
- the ventilation holes are arranged along the magnetic path and adjacent to the magnet, the permanent magnet can be cooled without interfering with the magnetic path of the reluctance torque.
- the overall efficiency including a drive circuit such as an inverter can be improved.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet type electric motor that is an example of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the permanent magnet type electric motor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the magnetic path by the reluctance torque on the cross-sectional view of FIG.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a simulation result showing a relationship between the rotation speed of the permanent magnet type motor and the no-load induced voltage.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a new control method of motor control in comparison with the conventional method.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet type electric motor that is an example of a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the permanent magnet type electric motor shown in FIG.
- FIG. 3
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration example of a vehicle drive system that executes the new technique of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the rotor structure in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement positions of the ventilation holes in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the rotor structure in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement positions of the ventilation holes in the third embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet type electric motor 1 which is an example of a permanent magnet type rotary electric machine according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the rotary shaft driving side portion 51 a is connected to an axle (not shown) of a railway vehicle via a joint (not shown) and a reduction gear (not shown). The vehicle is driven by driving a wheel (not shown) attached to the vehicle.
- a plurality of ventilation holes 7 penetrating in the axial direction of the rotating shaft 51 are formed in the rotor 5 having the rotor core 6 integrated with the rotating shaft 51.
- the cooling fan 52 is mounted on the rotary shaft driving side 51a so that the cooling air 58 taken in via the intake port 53 can be exhausted through the exhaust port 56 after passing through the cooling hole 58.
- the stator core 3 is arranged inside the frame 54 so as to face the rotor core 6, and the stator winding 4 is mounted on the stator core 3.
- the stator 2 includes a stator core 3 and a stator winding 4.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in the permanent magnet type electric motor shown in FIG.
- the stator core 3 has a cylindrical shape, and 36 teeth 3b are formed on the inner peripheral side by, for example, forming 36 slots 3a at an equiangular pitch and intermittently.
- the stator winding 4 is wound and accommodated in, for example, distributed winding so as to include a predetermined number of teeth 3b therein.
- the rotor 5 is produced, for example, by laminating and integrating a predetermined number of magnetic steel plates, the outer peripheral surface forms a cylindrical surface, and two magnet insertion holes 9 and one ventilation hole 7 are made into one set.
- the rotor core 6 is formed so that six sets are arranged at an equiangular pitch (that is, a total of twelve magnet insertion holes 9 and six ventilation holes 7).
- a permanent magnet 9a housed therein, and is arranged so as to be rotatable with respect to the stator 2 via a rotation gap 18.
- the cavity part 9b is formed in the both-sides surface part of the permanent magnet 9a.
- One set of two magnet insertion holes 9 and one ventilation hole 7 opens toward the outer peripheral surface (outer peripheral direction) of the rotor core 6 (in other words, convex toward the rotor center). It is arranged (formed) in a generally U shape.
- the magnet insertion hole 9 is located at both ends on the outer peripheral side, and the ventilation hole 7 is located at the center (rotating shaft 51 side).
- Permanent magnets 9a are arranged so that the wearing direction (direction of magnetic flux) indicated by arrows alternates between adjacent pairs.
- the permanent magnet groups magnetized in the direction of divergence toward the central portion of 5 are arranged alternately.
- the reason why the magnetization direction by the permanent magnet group is configured as described above is to make the induced voltage of the stator coil sinusoidal, and it is necessary to make the induced voltage of the stator coil sinusoidal. This does not apply to applications where there is no. That is, the magnetization directions of the permanent magnet groups magnetized in the direction toward the outer peripheral surface of the rotor 5 or in the direction toward the center of the rotor 5 may be parallel.
- 36 slots 3 a are arranged at an equiangular pitch in the circumferential direction of the stator 2, and twelve permanent magnets 9 a constituting six sets of permanent magnet groups are embedded in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 6.
- twelve permanent magnets 9 a constituting six sets of permanent magnet groups are embedded in the circumferential direction of the rotor core 6.
- two permanent magnets 9 a and one ventilation hole 7 are combined into a permanent set.
- a permanent magnet type electric motor having six sets of magnet groups is shown as an example, the number of poles, the number of slots, the number of permanent magnets, the number of ventilation holes, etc. of the electric motor are not limited to the configuration of FIG. A predetermined number of selections are possible.
- a permanent magnet mainly composed of neodymium (Nd) which is one of elements called rare earth is suitable.
- the torque due to the interaction between the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux generated by the stator winding 4, the iron core portion on the surface of the rotor 5 and the stator winding 4 is used.
- torque due to interaction between the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet and the magnetic flux generated by the stator winding 4, the iron core portion on the surface of the rotor 5 and the stator winding 4 is used.
- reluctance torque due to interaction with magnetic flux.
- the magnetic path of the reluctance torque in the permanent magnet type electric motor of Embodiment 1 is shown in FIG.
- the magnetic path 15 of the reluctance torque is a torque along a path along the shape (U-shape) of the two permanent magnets 9 a and the one ventilation hole 7 in the rotor core 6. Is generated.
- the ventilation hole 7 is a hole provided for the purpose of cooling the rotor core 6, and cooling air is caused to flow through the ventilation hole 7 by the cooling fan 52 provided in the peripheral part of the rotor 5 as described above. Realize cooling. Therefore, the reluctance torque can be effectively used by providing the ventilation hole 7 at a position that does not obstruct the magnetic path 15 of the reluctance torque. Further, by cooling the rotor core 6, the permanent magnet 9 a embedded in the magnet insertion hole 9 can be cooled.
- the cross section of the vent hole 7 is formed in the rectangular shape, it is not limited to this shape.
- the cross section may be formed in a circular shape from the viewpoint of ease of manufacture.
- FIG. 4 is a simulation result showing the relationship between the rotation speed of the permanent magnet type motor and the no-load induced voltage.
- the waveform indicated by the white square is a simulation value of the no-load induced voltage when the permanent magnet 9a is inserted into the two magnet insertion holes 9 located on the U-shaped side surface (both ends on the outer peripheral side).
- the waveform indicated by the black triangle is a simulation value of the no-load induced voltage when a permanent magnet is also inserted at the position of the ventilation hole 7.
- shaft has shown the value which normalized the no-load induced voltage with the overhead wire voltage. In this simulation, the conditions for the stator windings and the like are the same.
- the no-load induced voltage is higher than the overhead line voltage in the high-speed rotation region (in the example of FIG. 4, the rotation region is 3500 [r / min] or more).
- the lower limit value of the no-load induced voltage is determined by the required torque and the current upper limit value of the switching element. Therefore, in the case of a conventional inverter using an Si element (Si inverter), the current upper limit value is determined. Since the value is small, the maximum value of the no-load induced voltage is inevitably higher than the overhead line voltage.
- the loss generated in the switching element of the inverter is small. 2 times or more compared to Therefore, even when the no-load induced voltage in the high-speed rotation region is smaller than the overhead wire voltage as in the case of embedding two permanent magnets (see FIG. 4), the required torque can be increased by increasing the current supplied to the switching element. Can be generated.
- the number of permanent magnets 9a mainly composed of neodymium (Nd) is reduced to 2/3 of the conventional one. can do. Thereby, cost reduction of a permanent magnet type electric motor can be achieved. Moreover, since the magnetic flux generated inside the rotor 5 can be reduced, it is possible to reduce iron loss, which is a main cause of motor loss.
- permanent magnets used in vehicle motors are rarer than neodymium (Nd) such as dysprosium (Dy) and terbium (Tb) in addition to neodymium (Nd). Addition of high-value elemental material is performed. For this reason, the material cost of the permanent magnet used in the electric motor for vehicles becomes very high.
- the technology disclosed in the present embodiment that is, the technology in which two permanent magnets are arranged only on the U-shaped side surface portion, the cooling performance of the rotor 5 can be enhanced, so that The specs of the high temperature resistance of the magnet can be lowered, and the magnet cost can be further reduced.
- the overhead line voltage fluctuates within a range of ⁇ 20% of the center value (for example, 1200 to 1800 V for a 1500V overhead line). Therefore, if the upper limit of the no-load induced voltage is set to 0.8 times or less of the overhead line voltage, the overhead line voltage will exceed the upper limit of the no-load induced voltage even if the overhead line voltage fluctuates.
- the motor can be operated up to the maximum number of revolutions without performing special control.
- the no-load induced voltage can be made lower than the overhead line voltage, it can be controlled only by PWM control over the entire speed range in the vehicle motor. This point will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a new control method of motor control in comparison with the conventional method.
- the waveform indicated by the thick solid line is the target current when using the new method (target current for the motor, the same applies hereinafter), and the waveform indicated by the thick broken line is the target voltage when using the new method (target for the motor). Voltage, and so on).
- a waveform indicated by a one-dot chain line is a target current when the conventional method is used
- a waveform indicated by a two-dot chain line is a target voltage when the conventional method is used.
- a current more than twice that of the Si element can be flowed.
- New methods can be adopted. In this new method, control is performed in a PWM control mode in which the target current is constant and the target voltage is proportionally increased in accordance with the rotational speed in the region up to the maximum rotational speed of the motor (all control areas).
- the target voltage is smaller than that of the conventional method, the target voltage is set to a larger value than that of the conventional method, so that it is possible to secure the required torque equivalent to (or equivalent to) the conventional method.
- the regenerative brake can be used even during high-speed coasting, so that the regenerative energy can be used effectively and the power consumption can be reduced.
- the wear of the mechanical brake can be suppressed, and the life of the mechanical brake can be extended.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of a vehicle drive system that executes the above-described new method.
- the vehicle drive system 61 includes an input circuit 62 including at least a circuit breaker, a filter capacitor, and a filter reactor, and switching elements 64a, 65a, 66a, 64b, 65b, and 66b, and drives an electric vehicle.
- PWM signal U, V, PWM control for switching inverter 63 formed by connecting at least one electric motor 68 for switching, and switching elements 64a, 65a, 66a, 64b, 65b, 66b provided in inverter 63.
- the control unit 67 is configured to generate and output W, X, Y, and Z, respectively.
- the electric motor 68 connected to the inverter 63 it is preferable to use the permanent magnet type electric motor 1 described above.
- one end of the input circuit 62 is connected to the overhead line 70 via the current collector 71, and the other end is connected to the rail 72 that is a ground potential via the wheel 73.
- DC power or AC power supplied from the overhead wire 70 is input to one end of the input circuit 62 via the current collector 71, and power (DC voltage) generated at the output end of the input circuit 62 is input to the inverter 63. (Applied).
- the overhead line 70 is shown as a DC overhead line, but the overhead line 70 may be an AC overhead line. In the case of an AC overhead line, except for detailed design matters, a transformer may be provided before the input circuit 62.
- Inverter 63 has a positive side arm composed of switching elements 64a, 65a and 66a (for example, 64a in the U phase) and a negative side arm composed of switching elements 64b, 65b and 66b (for example, 64b in the U phase). Each has a leg connected in series. That is, the inverter 63 is configured with a three-phase bridge circuit having three legs (for U phase, V phase, and W phase).
- switching elements 64a, 65a, 66a, 64b, 65b, and 66b switching elements using wide band gap semiconductors (SiC, GaN, etc.) are used.
- FIG. 6 has shown the structural example in case the number of legs is 3 (three phases), it is not limited to this number of legs.
- the inverter 63 performs PWM control of the switching elements 64a, 65a, 66a, 64b, 65b, and 66b based on switching signals (PWM signals) U, V, W, X, Y, and Z output from the control unit 67.
- the DC voltage input from the input circuit 62 is converted into an AC voltage having an arbitrary frequency and an arbitrary voltage and output.
- the switching signals U, V, and W are control signals for PWM control of the switching elements 64a, 65a, and 66a (that is, the switching elements of the positive side arm), respectively.
- the switching signals X, Y, and Z Are control signals for PWM control of the switching elements 64b, 65b, 66b (that is, the switching elements of the negative arm), respectively.
- control part 67 for performing PWM control and the structure of the input circuit 62 which takes in the electric power from the overhead line 70 and supplies it to the inverter 63 are well-known, detailed description here is abbreviate
- FIG. FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the rotor structure in the second embodiment.
- three magnet insertion holes 10a1 to 10a3 and two ventilation holes 11a1 and 11a2 are provided per pole, and a permanent magnet is provided in the central magnet insertion hole 10a1.
- 12a1 is embedded, and permanent magnets 12a2 and 12a3 are embedded in the magnet insertion holes 10a2 and 10a3 at both ends.
- the rotor core 6 and the permanent magnets 12a1 to 12a3 are cooled between the embedded permanent magnets, specifically between the permanent magnets 12a1 and 12a2 and between the permanent magnets 12a1 and 12a3. Ventilation holes 11a1 and 11a2 are provided.
- the size of the magnet insertion hole is made larger than that of the permanent magnet so that leakage flux prevention holes are formed at both ends after the permanent magnet is embedded. Same as 1.
- vent holes 11a1 and 11a2 are provided so as to be positioned in U-shaped curves connecting the permanent magnets 12a1, 12a2, and 12a3. If the positions of the ventilation holes 11a1 and 11a2 are specified more quantitatively, for example, the arrangement shown in FIG.
- the direction which extended the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet 12a1 (or magnet insertion hole 10a1) located in the center part of the permanent magnet group of one pole is set to L1, and both ends (outermost peripheral part) of a permanent magnet group are used.
- the direction in which the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet 12a2 (or magnet insertion hole 10a2) located on one side is extended is L2, and the direction in which the longitudinal direction of the ventilation hole 11a1 is extended is L3.
- the air holes 11a1 are arranged so that the angle formed by the direction L3 and the direction L1 is approximately 1 ⁇ 2 of the angle formed by the direction L2 and the direction L1.
- the ventilation hole 11a2 can be performed by the relationship between the permanent magnet 12a1 (or the magnet insertion hole 10a1) and the permanent magnet 12a3 (or the magnet insertion hole 10a3).
- the ventilation holes 11a1 and 11a2 can be provided at positions where the magnetic path of the reluctance torque is not obstructed, and the reluctance torque can be effectively used.
- FIG. 9 is a partial cross-sectional view for explaining the rotor structure in the third embodiment.
- the third embodiment has a structure in which two magnet insertion holes 20a1 and 20a2 and three ventilation holes 21a1 to 21a3 are provided per pole, and is located on the right side of the ventilation hole 21a1 in the center.
- a permanent magnet 22a1 is embedded in the magnet insertion hole 20a1
- a permanent magnet 22a2 is embedded in the magnet insertion hole 20a2 located on the left side of the ventilation hole 21a1 in the center.
- the rotor core 6 and Ventilation holes 21a1 to 21a3 for cooling the permanent magnets 22a1 and 22a2 are provided.
- the magnet insertion hole is made larger than the permanent magnet so that leakage flux prevention holes are formed at both ends after the permanent magnet is embedded. The same as the first and second embodiments.
- the vent holes 11a1 to 11a1 are formed in the U-shaped curve connecting the permanent magnets 12a1 and 12a2 and in the polar ship in which the U-shaped curve is extended to the outer periphery of the rotor 6. 11a3 is provided so as to be positioned. If the positions of the permanent magnets 12a1 and 12a2 and the vent holes 21a1 to 21a3 are to be specified more quantitatively, for example, an arrangement as shown in FIG. 9 may be used.
- the direction in which the longitudinal direction of the ventilation hole group consisting of the ventilation holes 21a1 to 21a3, that is, the ventilation hole 21a1 located at the center of one ventilation hole group is extended, is denoted by K1, and both ends of the ventilation hole group (
- the direction in which the longitudinal direction of the ventilation hole 21a2 located on one side of the outermost peripheral part) is extended is K2
- the direction in which the longitudinal direction of the permanent magnet 22a1 is extended is K3.
- the magnet insertion hole 20a1 for inserting the permanent magnet 22a1 is arranged so that the angle formed by the direction K3 and the direction K1 is approximately 1 ⁇ 2 of the angle formed by the direction K2 and the direction K1.
- the permanent magnet 22a2 can be positioned by the relationship between the ventilation hole 21a1 and the ventilation hole 21a3.
- the ventilation holes 21a1 to 21a3 and the magnet insertion holes 20a1 and 20a2 can be provided at positions where the magnetic path of the reluctance torque is not hindered, so that the reluctance torque can be effectively used.
- the rotor structure according to the first to third embodiments has been described.
- a space between the permanent magnet (magnet insertion hole) and the ventilation hole per pole is described.
- the above item (5) is an essential point of the present invention and is not a feature in a convenient sense.
- the ventilation hole 7 located in the center part is divided into two parts, the sum of the number of permanent magnets and the number of ventilation holes becomes an even number, but such a counting method is not essential.
- the number of ventilation holes 7 is one. This also applies to permanent magnets.
- magnet insertion holes for embedding a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged in a substantially U shape toward the outer peripheral surface of the rotor.
- the ventilation holes are arranged at positions that penetrate in the axial direction and are substantially U-shaped with the magnet insertion holes.
- the permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine can be driven by the above-described new method.
- the amount of permanent magnets can be reduced, cooling ventilation holes can be provided in the reduced space.
- the cooling holes can be provided in the space where the amount of permanent magnets is reduced, so that the cooling performance of the permanent magnets can be improved. .
- the cooling performance of the rotor and hence the performance of the rotating electrical machine, and contribute to further improvement of the overall efficiency including the drive circuit such as the inverter.
- the specs of the high temperature resistance of the permanent magnet can be lowered as compared with the conventional one by improving the cooling performance of the rotor. The effect that it can be lowered is obtained.
- the ventilation hole is arranged at a position that is substantially U-shaped with the magnet insertion hole.
- Such an arrangement position of the ventilation holes does not disturb the magnetic path of the reluctance torque and is not a position that obstructs the magnetic path of the magnet torque.
- FIG. 3 when the position of the ventilation hole 7 is on the outer peripheral side of the rotor core 6, the magnetic path from the permanent magnets 9 a and 9 a toward the stator core 3 is obstructed.
- the configurations of the first to third embodiments since it is provided at a position on the central axis side from the outer peripheral portion of the rotor core 6, there is an effect that it is possible to suppress a decrease in magnet torque.
- the present invention is useful as a permanent magnet type rotating electrical machine that can suppress a decrease in reluctance torque while reducing the amount of permanent magnets.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る永久磁石型回転電機の一例である永久磁石型電動機1の軸方向断面図である。図1において、回転軸駆動側部51aは、例えば鉄道車両用の場合、継手(図示せず)および減速歯車(図示せず)を介して鉄道車両の車軸(図示せず)に連結され、車軸に取り付けられた車輪(図示せず)を駆動して車両を走行させるように構成される。
図7は、実施の形態2における回転子構造を説明するための部分断面図である。実施の形態2では、図7に示すように、1極あたり3つの磁石挿入穴10a1~10a3と、2つの通風孔11a1,11a2を設ける構造であり、中央部の磁石挿入穴10a1には永久磁石12a1が埋め込まれ、両端部の磁石挿入穴10a2,10a3には永久磁石12a2,12a3が埋め込まれている。埋め込まれた永久磁石の間、具体的には、永久磁石12a1と永久磁石12a2との間および永久磁石12a1と永久磁石12a3との間には、回転子鉄心6および永久磁石12a1~12a3を冷却するための通風孔11a1,11a2が設けられている。なお、漏れ磁束低減のため、永久磁石を埋め込んだ後の両端部に漏れ磁束防止用の穴が形成されるように磁石挿入穴の大きさを永久磁石よりも大きくしていることは実施の形態1と同様である。
図9は、実施の形態3における回転子構造を説明するための部分断面図である。実施の形態3は、図9に示すように、1極あたり2つの磁石挿入穴20a1,20a2と、3つの通風孔21a1~21a3を設ける構造であり、中央部の通風孔21a1の右側に位置する磁石挿入穴20a1には永久磁石22a1が埋め込まれ、中央部の通風孔21a1の左側に位置する磁石挿入穴20a2には永久磁石22a2が埋め込まれている。また、永久磁石22a1と永久磁石22a2との間ならびに、永久磁石22a1と回転子鉄心6の外周部との間および永久磁石22a2と回転子6の外周部との間には、回転子鉄心6および永久磁石22a1,22a2を冷却するための通風孔21a1~21a3が設けられている。なお、漏れ磁束低減のため、永久磁石を埋め込んだ後の両端部に漏れ磁束防止用の穴が形成されるように磁石挿入穴の大きさを永久磁石よりも大きくしている点については、実施の形態1,2と同様である。
(1)外周部には、永久磁石が配置されていても、通風孔が配置されていてもよい。
(2)外周部側に位置する永久磁石を除き、永久磁石の両側には通風孔が設けられる。
(3)永久磁石および通風孔の数は奇数であっても偶数であってもよい。
(4)永久磁石の数よりも通風孔の数が多くてもよいし、この逆であってもよい。
(5)永久磁石の数と通風孔の数の和は奇数である。
2 固定子
3 固定子鉄心
3a スロット
3b ティース
4 固定子巻線
5 回転子
6 回転子鉄心
7,11a1,11a2 通風孔
9,10a1,10a2,10a3 磁石挿入穴
9a,12a1,12a2,12a3 永久磁石
9b 空洞部
15 磁路
18 回転空隙
51 回転軸
51a 回転軸駆動側部
52 冷却用ファン
53 吸気口
54 フレーム
56 排気口
58 冷却風
Claims (7)
- ワイドバンドギャップ半導体によるスイッチング素子を具備するインバータにて駆動され、
スロットの内部に固定子コイルを収納してなる固定子と、前記固定子に回転空隙を介して回転可能に配置される回転子鉄心を有し、この回転子鉄心の内部に1極あたり複数個の永久磁石が埋め込まれる回転子と、を備え、
前記回転子鉄心には、前記永久磁石を埋め込む磁石挿入穴が回転子の外周面に向かって概略U字形状に並べて設けられ、前記各磁石挿入穴に埋め込まれた永久磁石の着磁方向に直交する方向の両側面部には空洞部が形成され、
前記複数個の永久磁石からなる一つの極の永久磁石群では、前記永久磁石が埋め込まれた一の磁石挿入穴と隣接する磁石挿入穴との間もしくは、当該一の磁石挿入穴と前記回転子鉄心の外周部との間には前記回転子鉄心の軸方向に貫通する通風孔が設けられ、
前記通風孔は、前記磁石挿入穴と共に前記概略U字形状を成す位置に配置される
ことを特徴とする永久磁石型回転電機。 - 1極あたりの前記永久磁石の個数と前記通風孔の個数との和が奇数であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の永久磁石型回転電機。
- 前記永久磁石の個数は1極あたり3以上の奇数個であり、前記永久磁石群の中央部と前記永久磁石群の最外周部には永久磁石が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の永久磁石型回転電機。
- 前記永久磁石の個数は1極あたり3個であり、前記永久磁石群の中央部に位置する第1の永久磁石または当該第1の永久磁石が埋め込まれる第1の磁石挿入穴の長手方向を第1の方向とし、前記永久磁石群の両端部の一方側に位置する第2の永久磁石または当該第2の永久磁石が埋め込まれる第2の磁石挿入穴の長手方向を第2の方向とし、前記第1の磁石挿入穴と前記第2の磁石挿入穴との間に設けられる通風孔の長手方向を第3の方向とするとき、前記第3の方向と前記第1の方向とのなす角が前記第2の方向と前記第1の方向とのなす角の概略1/2になるように前記通風孔を配置することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の永久磁石型回転電機。
- 前記永久磁石の個数は1極あたり2以上の偶数個であり、複数個の前記通風孔からなる一つの極の通風孔群では、当該通風孔群の中央部と最外周部に通風孔が配置されていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の永久磁石型回転電機。
- 前記通風孔の個数は1極あたり3個であり、中央部に位置する第1の通風孔の長手方向を第1の方向とし、前記回転子鉄心の外周部の一方側に位置する第2の通風孔の長手方向を第2の方向とし、前記第1の通風孔と前記第2の通風孔との間に位置する永久磁石または当該永久磁石が埋め込まれる磁石挿入穴の長手方向を第3の方向とするとき、前記第3の方向と前記第1の方向とのなす角が前記第2の方向と前記第1の方向とのなす角の概略1/2になるように当該永久磁石を配置することを特徴とする請求項5に記載の永久磁石型回転電機。
- 請求項1乃至6の何れか1項に記載の永久磁石型回転電機を用いて構成した電動機と、
前記電動機を駆動するインバータと、
前記インバータへの入力となる直流電力を生成する入力回路と、
前記インバータを制御する制御装置と、
を備えたことを特徴とする車両駆動システム。
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CN201280072551.8A CN104247214B (zh) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | 永磁体型旋转电机及车辆驱动系统 |
KR1020147028924A KR101624070B1 (ko) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | 영구 자석형 회전 전기 및 차량 구동 시스템 |
EP12875182.3A EP2843802B1 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | Permanent magnet-type rotary electric machine and vehicle drive system |
US14/390,048 US9685829B2 (en) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | Permanent magnet-type rotary electric machine and vehicle drive system |
PCT/JP2012/060858 WO2013160988A1 (ja) | 2012-04-23 | 2012-04-23 | 永久磁石型回転電機および車両駆動システム |
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KR20140143799A (ko) | 2014-12-17 |
EP2843802A1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
KR101624070B1 (ko) | 2016-05-24 |
US20150077034A1 (en) | 2015-03-19 |
EP2843802B1 (en) | 2018-08-01 |
CN104247214B (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
EP2843802A4 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
CN104247214A (zh) | 2014-12-24 |
US9685829B2 (en) | 2017-06-20 |
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