WO2012073552A1 - Co2回収システム - Google Patents
Co2回収システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012073552A1 WO2012073552A1 PCT/JP2011/067157 JP2011067157W WO2012073552A1 WO 2012073552 A1 WO2012073552 A1 WO 2012073552A1 JP 2011067157 W JP2011067157 W JP 2011067157W WO 2012073552 A1 WO2012073552 A1 WO 2012073552A1
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- lean solution
- recovery system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
- B01D2259/65—Employing advanced heat integration, e.g. Pinch technology
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
- Y02C20/00—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
- Y02C20/40—Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/32—Direct CO2 mitigation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a CO 2 recovery system using an absorption liquid that removes CO 2 contained in exhaust gas.
- the step of removing and recovering CO 2 from the combustion exhaust gas using the CO 2 absorption liquid as described above includes a step of bringing the combustion exhaust gas and the CO 2 absorption liquid into contact with each other in a CO 2 absorption tower, and an absorption liquid that has absorbed CO 2. Is used in the absorption liquid regeneration tower to liberate CO 2 and regenerate the absorption liquid, and circulate again to the CO 2 absorption tower for reuse (Patent Document 1).
- the reboiler's thermal energy required in the regeneration process will be consumed in large quantities. It is necessary to further reduce and save energy.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a CO 2 recovery system that further reduces the thermal energy of the reboiler and saves energy.
- the first aspect of the present invention to solve the problems described above is brought into contact with CO 2 absorbing liquid to absorb the exhaust gas and CO 2 containing the cooled CO 2 removing CO 2 from the exhaust gas CO and 2 absorber, the lean solution cooled to recover the absorbent regenerator to regenerate the absorbing solution to release CO 2 from the CO 2 absorbent having absorbed CO 2, the heat of the lean solution discharged from the absorbing solution regeneration tower And a CO 2 recovery system.
- the lean solution temperature lowering means includes a flash drum for flushing the lean solution, and a flash steam compressor for supplying the flushed water vapor to the absorption liquid regeneration tower under pressure. in the CO 2 recovery system, comprising.
- a third invention is the CO 2 recovery system according to the first invention, wherein the lean solution temperature lowering means comprises a boiler feed water heat exchanger used for heating boiler feed water.
- the thermal energy of the reboiler can be further reduced to save energy.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the first embodiment.
- a CO 2 recovery system 10 is cooled by an exhaust gas cooling device 14 that cools an exhaust gas 12 containing CO 2 discharged from industrial equipment such as a boiler 11 and a gas turbine with cooling water 13.
- the flue gas 12 and CO 2 containing CO 2 by contacting the CO 2 absorbing liquid 15 to absorb from the flue gas 12 and the CO 2 absorber 16 for removing CO 2 was, CO 2 absorbent having absorbed CO 2 ( A rich solution) 17 and an absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 for regenerating the absorption liquid 15 by releasing CO 2 .
- the regenerated absorbent (lean solution) 15 from which CO 2 has been removed by the absorbent regenerator 18 is reused as the CO 2 absorbent 15.
- the exhaust gas 12 containing CO 2 is first pressurized by the exhaust gas blower 20 and then sent to the exhaust gas cooling device 14 where it is cooled by the cooling water 13. , And sent to the CO 2 absorption tower 16.
- the CO 2 absorption tower 16 is provided with packing sections 16A and 16B inside the tower, and the counter contact efficiency between the exhaust gas 12 and the CO 2 absorbing liquid 15 is improved by the packing section 16A disposed at the bottom of the tower.
- the opposing contact efficiency between the exhaust gas 12 and the cooling water 19 is improved.
- the flue gas 12 is contacted ⁇ stream and the CO 2 absorbing liquid 15, for example an amine, CO 2 in the flue gas 12, a chemical reaction (R-NH 2 + H 2 O + CO 2 ⁇ R-NH
- the purified exhaust gas 21 that has been absorbed into the CO 2 absorbent 15 by 3 HCO 3 ) and from which CO 2 has been removed is discharged out of the system.
- the absorbing liquid 17 that has absorbed CO 2 is also referred to as a “rich solution”.
- the rich solution 17 is pressurized by the rich solution pump 22, and in the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23, the absorption solution (lean solution) 15 regenerated by removing CO 2 in the absorption solution regeneration tower 18. It is heated by heat exchange and then supplied to the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18.
- the heat-exchanged rich solution 17 is introduced into the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 from the upper part of the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18, and generates an endothermic reaction due to water vapor when flowing down in the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18. releasing of CO 2, it is reproduced.
- the absorbing solution from which a part or most of CO 2 has been released in the absorbing solution regeneration tower 18 is referred to as a “semi-lean solution”.
- This semi-lean solution becomes an absorbent from which almost all of the CO 2 has been removed by the time it reaches the lower part of the absorbent regeneration tower 18.
- the absorbing solution regenerated by removing almost all of the CO 2 is called a “lean solution”.
- the lean solution 15 is indirectly heated by the saturated steam 25 in the regeneration superheater 24.
- CO 2 gas 26 accompanied by water vapor released from the rich solution 17 and the semi-lean solution is led out from the top of the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18, and the water vapor is condensed by the condenser 27.
- the water 26b is separated, and the CO 2 gas 26a is discharged out of the system and recovered.
- the water 26 b separated by the separation drum 28 is supplied to the upper part of the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 by the condensed water circulation pump 29.
- the regenerated absorption liquid (lean solution) 15 is cooled by the rich solution 17 in the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23, subsequently pressurized by the lean solvent pump 30, and further cooled by the lean solvent cooler 31. Then, it is supplied again to the CO 2 absorption tower 16 and reused as the CO 2 absorption liquid 15.
- reference numeral 11a is a flue of an industrial facility such as a boiler 11 or a gas turbine
- 11b is a chimney
- 18A and 18B are filling sections
- 18C is a mist eliminator
- 32 is water vapor condensed water.
- the CO 2 recovery system may be retrofitted for recovering CO 2 from an existing exhaust gas 12 source or may be simultaneously attached to a new exhaust gas 12 source.
- the chimney 11b is provided with a door that can be opened and closed, and is closed when the CO 2 recovery system is in operation. Further, although the exhaust gas 12 source is operating, it is set to be opened when the operation of the CO 2 recovery system is stopped.
- a lean solution temperature lowering means 50 for recovering the heat of the lean solution 15 discharged from the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 is provided, so that the heat of the lean solution 15 is effectively used. That is, since the lean solution 15 is superheated by the steam 15a indirectly heated by the saturated steam 25 in the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18, it is discharged out of the system at about 120 ° C. and is supplied to the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23. be introduced. At this time, the heat is recovered by the lean solution temperature lowering means 50 and the temperature of the lean solution 15 is lowered, so that the heat exchange capacity of the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23 can be reduced. This is because when the temperature of the rich solution 17 is 50 ° C.
- the temperature of the lean solution 15 for heat exchange is as high as 120 ° C.
- the rich solution 17 after the heat exchange is performed. Since the temperature of 110 is 110 ° C., the temperature difference is 60 ° C.
- the temperature of the lean solution 15 introduced into the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23 becomes 100 ° C. or less, and the temperature of the rich solution 17 after heat exchange is 95 ° C. It becomes. Therefore, since the rise of the rich solution 17 is reduced by 15 ° C., the heat exchange capacity of the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23 is reduced accordingly.
- the temperature of the rich solution 17 introduced into the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 is lowered, so that the amount of reboiler heat for removing almost all CO 2 from the rich solution 17 can be greatly reduced.
- the amount of reboiler heat refers to the heat capacity necessary for regenerating the absorbent in the absorbent regenerator 18.
- the breakdown is as follows: (a) heat of reaction Q 1 for regenerating the absorption liquid, (b) heat loss Q 2 taken out as a solution from the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18, (c) exhausted together with CO 2 from the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18.
- the sum Q R of the loss of heat Q 3 taken out as steam.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the second embodiment.
- a flash drum 51 that flushes the lean solution 15 and the flushed water vapor are supplied into the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 with pressure.
- a flash steam compressor 52 a flash steam compressor
- the lean solution 15 By flushing the lean solution 15 with the flash drum 51, the lean solution 15 becomes 100 ° C.
- the temperature of the lean solution 15 introduced into the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23 via the lean solution pump 53 is 100 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature T 1 of the lean solution 15 discharged from the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 is 120 ° C., for example, the lean solution 15 is flushed by the flash drum 51, so that the temperature T of the lean solution 15 after flushing is reached. 2 becomes 100 ° C.
- the heat exchange is performed when the temperature T 2 of the lean solution 15 introduced into the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23 is 100 ° C. or less.
- the temperature T 4 of 17 is 95 ° C.
- the temperature T 5 after the heat exchange of the lean solution 15 is lowered to 55 ° C..
- the temperature T 6 discharged to the outside as water vapor is 82.5 ° C.
- the inside of the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 is 0.9 kg / cm 2 G.
- the breakdown of the reboiler heat quantity of the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 includes (a) reaction heat quantity Q1 (404 kcal / kg CO 2 ) for regenerating the rich solution 17 and (b) loss taken out as a solution from the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18.
- the amount of heat Q2 (55 kcal / kg CO 2 ) and (c) the total amount of loss heat Q 3 (86 kcal / kg CO 2 ) taken out as water vapor discharged together with CO 2 from the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 (545 kcal / kg CO 2 ).
- Reboiler heat of the absorbent regenerator 18 of the CO 2 recovery system 10A according to the present invention in Figure 2 whereas a 545kcal / kgCO 2, the absorbent regenerator of the CO 2 recovery system 10C according to the prior art of FIG. 4
- the reboiler heat amount of 18 is 665 kcal / kg CO 2 , and it has been found that the reboiler heat amount can be significantly reduced.
- the main purpose of the study was to increase the temperature of the rich solution 17 supplied into the absorption liquid regeneration tower 18 and to reduce the amount of reboiler heat in the tower.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a CO 2 recovery system according to the third embodiment.
- the lean solution temperature lowering means 50 in the CO 2 recovery system 10 ⁇ / b > B includes a boiler feed water heat exchanger 62 used for heating the boiler feed water 61.
- the lean solution 15 can be made 100 ° C. or lower, and the temperature of the lean solution 15 introduced into the rich / lean solution heat exchanger 23 becomes 100 ° C. or lower, The temperature of the rich solution 17 is 95 ° C.
- the breakdown is as follows: (a) heat of reaction Q 1 (404 kcal / kg CO 2 ) for regenerating the absorbent, (b) heat loss Q 2 (55 cal / kg CO 2 ) taken out from the absorbent regenerator 18 as a solution (lean solution). 2), the (c) the sum Q R of the heat loss quantity Q 3 from the absorption solution regenerator 18 is taken out as steam 26 (155kcal / kgCO 2) ( 614kcal / kgCO 2).
- the reboiler heat amount of 18 is 665 kcal / kg CO 2 , and it has been found that the reboiler heat amount can be significantly reduced.
- the thermal energy of the reboiler required for the regeneration of the absorbent is greatly reduced when the CO 2 recovery amount is increased to a processing amount of, for example, 1000 t or more per day. And energy saving of the entire system can be achieved.
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Abstract
Description
図1に示すように、CO2回収システム10は、例えばボイラ11やガスタービン等の産業設備から排出されたCO2を含有する排ガス12を冷却水13によって冷却する排ガス冷却装置14と、冷却されたCO2を含有する排ガス12とCO2を吸収するCO2吸収液15とを接触させて前記排ガス12からCO2を除去するCO2吸収塔16と、CO2を吸収したCO2吸収液(リッチ溶液)17からCO2を放出させて吸収液15を再生する吸収液再生塔18とを有する。
このシステムでは、前記吸収液再生塔18でCO2を除去した再生吸収液(リーン溶液)15はCO2吸収液15として再利用する。
CO2吸収塔16は、塔内部に充填部16A、16Bが設けられ、塔下部に配設される充填部16Aで排ガス12とCO2吸収液15との対向接触効率を向上させている。塔上部に配設される充填部16Bでは、排ガス12と冷却水19との対向接触効率を向上させている。
また、吸収液再生塔18の塔頂部からは塔内においてリッチ溶液17及びセミリーン溶液から放出された水蒸気を伴ったCO2ガス26が導出され、コンデンサ27により水蒸気が凝縮され、分離ドラム28にて水26bが分離され、CO2ガス26aが系外に放出されて回収される。分離ドラム28にて分離された水26bは凝縮水循環ポンプ29にて吸収液再生塔18の上部に供給される。
再生された吸収液(リーン溶液)15は、前記リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23にて前記リッチ溶液17により冷却され、つづいてリーンソルベントポンプ30にて昇圧され、さらにリーンソルベントクーラ31にて冷却された後、再びCO2吸収塔16に供給され、CO2吸収液15として再利用される。
すなわち、リーン溶液15は吸収液再生塔18で飽和水蒸気25により間接的に加熱された水蒸気15aにより過熱されているので、120℃程度で系外に排出され、リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23に導入される。
この際、リーン溶液降温手段50によりその熱を回収し、リーン溶液15の温度を降下させることで、リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23の熱交換容量を小さくすることができる。
これは、リッチ溶液17の温度が50℃でリッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23に導入される場合、熱交換するリーン溶液15の温度が120℃と高い場合には、熱交換後のリッチ溶液17の温度は110℃となるので、その温度差が60℃となる。
これに対し、リーン溶液15の温度を降下させることで、リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23に導入されるリーン溶液15の温度が100℃以下となり、熱交換後のリッチ溶液17の温度は95℃となる。
よって、リッチ溶液17の上昇が15℃も少なくなるので、その分リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23の熱交換容量も小さくなる。
その内訳は、(a)吸収液を再生するための反応熱量Q1、(b)吸収液再生塔18から溶液として持ち出される損失熱量Q2、(c)吸収液再生塔18からCO2と共に排出される水蒸気として持ち出される損失熱量Q3の総和QRをいう。
本実施例によれば、リーン溶液15の熱を回収するリーン溶液降温手段50を設けることにより、リボイラ熱量の総和を減らすことができ、この結果リボイラ熱量が低下するので、吸収液再生塔18側での熱使用量を大幅に低減することができる。
図2に示すように、CO2回収システム10Aにおけるリーン溶液降温手段50としては、リーン溶液15をフラッシュさせるフラッシュドラム51と、このフラッシュさせた水蒸気を吸収液再生塔18内に圧力をかけて供給するフラッシュ蒸気コンプレッサ52とから構成されている。
ここで、吸収液再生塔18の塔内は0.9kg/cm2Gである。
ここで、吸収液再生塔18のリボイラ熱量の内訳は、(a)リッチ溶液17を再生するための反応熱量Q1(404kcal/kgCO2)、(b)吸収液再生塔18から溶液として持ち出される損失熱量Q2(55kcal/kgCO2)、(c)吸収液再生塔18からCO2と共に排出される水蒸気として持ち出される損失熱量Q3(86kcal/kgCO2)の総和(545kcal/kgCO2)となる。
よって、リボイラ熱量の内訳は、(a)吸収液を再生するための反応熱量Q1(404kcal/kgCO2)、(b)吸収液再生塔18から溶液として持ち出される損失熱量Q2(110cal/kgCO2)、(c)吸収液再生塔18からCO2と共に排出される水蒸気として持ち出される損失熱量Q3(151kcal/kgCO2)の総和QR(665kcal/kgCO2)となる。
図3に示すように、CO2回収システム10Bにおけるリーン溶液降温手段50としては、ボイラ給水61の加熱に用いるボイラ給水熱交換器62から構成されている。
ボイラ給水61と熱交換することで、リーン溶液15は100℃以下とすることができ、リッチ・リーン溶液熱交換器23に導入されるリーン溶液15の温度は100℃以下となり、熱交換後のリッチ溶液17の温度は95℃となる。
11 ボイラ
12 排ガス
15 CO2吸収液(リーン溶液)
16 CO2吸収塔
17 リッチ溶液
18 吸収液再生塔
50 リーン溶液降温手段
51 フラッシュドラム
52 フラッシュ蒸気コンプレッサ
61 ボイラ給水
62 ボイラ給水熱交換器
Claims (3)
- 冷却されたCO2を含有する排ガスとCO2を吸収するCO2吸収液とを接触させて前記排ガスからCO2を除去するCO2吸収塔と、
CO2を吸収したCO2吸収液からCO2を放出させて吸収液を再生する吸収液再生塔と、
吸収液再生塔から排出されたリーン溶液の熱を回収するリーン溶液降温手段とを有することを特徴とするCO2回収システム。 - 請求項1において、
リーン溶液降温手段は、
リーン溶液をフラッシュさせるフラッシュドラムと、
このフラッシュさせた水蒸気を吸収液再生塔内に圧力をかけて供給するフラッシュ蒸気コンプレッサとを有することを特徴とするCO2回収システム。 - 請求項1において、
リーン溶液降温手段は、
ボイラ給水の加熱に用いるボイラ給水熱交換器からなることを特徴とするCO2回収システム。
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CA2814470A CA2814470C (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-07-27 | Co2 recovery system |
US13/879,304 US20130206010A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-07-27 | Co2 recovery system |
EP11844393.6A EP2659948A4 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-07-27 | C02 recovery system |
AU2011338126A AU2011338126B8 (en) | 2010-12-01 | 2011-07-27 | CO2 recovery system |
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EP2792399A4 (en) * | 2011-12-14 | 2015-08-19 | Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Sys | CHEMICAL CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION SYSTEM INSTALLED WITH A STEAM REPRESSION DEVICE |
JP5901296B2 (ja) * | 2012-01-06 | 2016-04-06 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | Co2化学吸収システム |
JP6088240B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-20 | 2017-03-01 | 三菱日立パワーシステムズ株式会社 | 二酸化炭素の回収装置、及び該回収装置の運転方法 |
FR3008898B1 (fr) | 2013-07-23 | 2023-01-13 | Electricite De France | Dispositif de captage de gaz acide contenu dans des fumees de combustion |
US10378763B2 (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-08-13 | General Electric Company | Method and apparatus to facilitate heating feedwater in a power generation system |
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- 2011-07-27 WO PCT/JP2011/067157 patent/WO2012073552A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2011-07-27 EP EP11844393.6A patent/EP2659948A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-07-27 CA CA2814470A patent/CA2814470C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2011-07-27 US US13/879,304 patent/US20130206010A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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JP2012115779A (ja) | 2012-06-21 |
AU2011338126A8 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
EP2659948A4 (en) | 2017-04-19 |
CA2814470C (en) | 2015-11-24 |
AU2011338126B8 (en) | 2015-10-08 |
AU2011338126B2 (en) | 2015-09-17 |
AU2011338126A1 (en) | 2013-05-09 |
EP2659948A1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US20130206010A1 (en) | 2013-08-15 |
CA2814470A1 (en) | 2013-04-11 |
JP5737916B2 (ja) | 2015-06-17 |
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