WO2011001699A1 - スパークプラグ - Google Patents
スパークプラグ Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011001699A1 WO2011001699A1 PCT/JP2010/004367 JP2010004367W WO2011001699A1 WO 2011001699 A1 WO2011001699 A1 WO 2011001699A1 JP 2010004367 W JP2010004367 W JP 2010004367W WO 2011001699 A1 WO2011001699 A1 WO 2011001699A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- component
- alumina
- oxide
- sintered body
- based sintered
- Prior art date
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 119
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 64
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 37
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical group [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 27
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 26
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- -1 RE element oxides Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004453 electron probe microanalysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000280 densification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 2
- PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nd+3].[Nd+3] PLDDOISOJJCEMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000873 Beta-alumina solid electrolyte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020068 MgAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UPEMFLOMQVFMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[O--].[O--].[Pm+3].[Pm+3] Chemical compound [O--].[O--].[O--].[Pm+3].[Pm+3] UPEMFLOMQVFMCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052730 francium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N francium atom Chemical compound [Fr] KLMCZVJOEAUDNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);ytterbium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Yb+3].[Yb+3] UZLYXNNZYFBAQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003454 ytterbium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940075624 ytterbium oxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
- H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
- H01T13/38—Selection of materials for insulation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/01—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/10—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on oxide ceramics based on aluminium oxide
- C04B35/111—Fine ceramics
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62645—Thermal treatment of powders or mixtures thereof other than sintering
- C04B35/62655—Drying, e.g. freeze-drying, spray-drying, microwave or supercritical drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/626—Preparing or treating the powders individually or as batches ; preparing or treating macroscopic reinforcing agents for ceramic products, e.g. fibres; mechanical aspects section B
- C04B35/62605—Treating the starting powders individually or as mixtures
- C04B35/62695—Granulation or pelletising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a spark plug, and more particularly to a spark plug excellent in withstand voltage characteristics at high temperatures.
- Patent Document 1 "Y 2 O 3, ZrO 2, La 2 O 3 , at least one additive was more chosen, or selected from Y 2 O 3, ZrO 2, La 2 O 3
- a highly insulating high-alumina porcelain composition using a mixed raw material powder composed of at least one additive and a solid solution composite oxide of alumina and an alumina fine-grained powder having a particle size of 0.5 ⁇ m or less is described. (See claim 1 of Patent Document 1).
- Al 2 O 3 alumina having an average particle diameter of 1 ⁇ m or less, yttria (Y 2 O 3 ), magnesia (MgO), zirconia formed in a grain boundary phase. (ZrO 2 ) and at least one of compounds and mixtures of Al 2 O 3 with at least one of lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ) and a porosity of 6% by volume or less ” (See claim 1 of Patent Document 2).
- the “high voltage endurance alumina-based sintered body” according to Patent Document 3 describes “the content of each of the Si component, Ca component, and Mg component contained in 100 parts by weight of the alumina-based sintered body in terms of oxides. (Unit: part by weight), C (unit: part by weight), and M (unit: part by weight), the contents of the above three components satisfy the following relational expression, and mullite (Al 6 Si 2 O 13 ) having at least a crystal phase ... 0.95 ⁇ S / (S + C + M) ⁇ 0.75 ”(see claim 1 of Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 4 states that “a sintered body of rare earth oxide 5 to 95 wt%, alumina 94.9 to 4.9 wt% and silica 0.1 to 10 wt%, and that the crystal grain size of the sintered body is 30 ⁇ m or less. A characteristic rare earth oxide-alumina-silica sintered body is described (see claim 1 of Patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 5 states that “the total component is 100% by mass, the Al component is 95 to 99.8% by mass, and the rare earth element and the Si component are rare earth elements (R RE ). And the Si component (R si / R si ) ratio (R RE / R si ) is 0.1 to 1.0, and the maximum length per 1 mm 2 of the cut surface is 10 ⁇ m or more. Further, it is described as “insulator for spark plug, wherein the number of alumina particles having an aspect ratio of 3 or more is less than 10” (see claim 1 of Patent Document 5).
- Patent Document 6 states that “alumina-based porcelain composition containing alumina as a main component, the alumina as the main component, and a composition of at least one element selected from Al, Si, Mg, and rare earth elements; When the alumina as the main component is 100 parts by weight, the composition of at least one element selected from Al, Si, Mg and rare earth elements is 5 parts by weight or less. It is described as “alumina porcelain composition characterized by this” (see claim 1 of Patent Document 6).
- the spark plug for an internal combustion engine described in Patent Document 7 is composed of “one or two or more selected from Si, Ca, Mg, Ba and B components as components other than the alumina component.
- the content of additive element-based powders should be blended within the range of 4 to 7% by mass with the total content of each component in terms of oxides.
- Si component is SiO 2 powder
- Ca component is CaCO 3 powder
- Mg component is MgO powder
- Ba component is BaCO 3 powder
- B component is H 3 BO 3 powder (or aqueous solution may be used) ⁇ ⁇ Si, Ca, Mg and Ba components in the additive element powders, in addition to oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates and phosphorus
- various inorganic raw material powders such as acid salts.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a spark plug excellent in withstand voltage characteristics at high temperatures.
- Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a spark plug exhibiting high withstand voltage characteristics at high temperatures while maintaining thermal shock and / or sinterability.
- a spark plug comprising a center electrode, a substantially cylindrical insulator provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode, and a substantially cylindrical metal shell provided on the outer periphery of the insulator,
- the insulator is at least one selected from the group consisting of a silicon component (hereinafter referred to as Si component), a magnesium component (hereinafter referred to as Mg component), a calcium component, a strontium component, and a barium component.
- an alumina-based sintered body containing a component (hereinafter referred to as a Group 2 element component) and a rare earth element component (hereinafter referred to as an RE component);
- the grain boundary phase of the alumina-based sintered body has hexaaluminate crystals containing the RE component,
- the mass ratio (RE oxide / MgO) when the ratio of the RE component to the Mg component is converted to an oxide satisfies 5.4 ⁇ RE oxide / MgO ⁇ 17.5.
- the grain boundary phase of the alumina-based sintered body is observed with a transmission electron microscope, and the content of the alkali metal component in the spot where the presence of the hexaaluminate crystal is confirmed among the circular spots having a diameter of 0.3 nm.
- the ratio of the RE component to the Si component, the Mg component, and the Group 2 element component is a mass ratio ⁇ RE oxide / (SiO 2 + MgO + Group 2 element oxide) ⁇ is a spark plug according to (1) or (2) satisfying 0.25 ⁇ RE oxide / (SiO 2 + MgO + Group 2 element oxide) ⁇ 0.82.
- the alumina sintered body contains the barium component (hereinafter referred to as Ba component),
- the Group 2 element component contained in the alumina-based sintered body is the calcium component (hereinafter referred to as Ca component) and / or the strontium component (hereinafter referred to as Sr component).
- the ratio of the Ba component, the Ba component, the Mg component, and the Ca component and / or the Sr component is a mass ratio in terms of oxide ⁇ BaO / (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) ⁇ .
- the hexaaluminate crystal is a spark plug according to any one of (1) to (5), which forms a layered structure or a solid solution with the Mg component and the Group 2 element component, (7) After the alumina-based sintered body is granulated by mixing an alumina raw material and an auxiliary raw material composed of the Si component, the Mg component and the Group 2 element component, and the RE component in a slurry.
- the particle size ratio (D alumina raw material / D auxiliary raw material ) of the average particle size of the alumina raw material and the auxiliary raw material in the slurry is 1.2 ⁇ D alumina raw material / D
- the components in the alumina-based sintered body satisfy a specific content ratio, and a circular shape having a diameter of 0.3 nm arbitrarily selected on a transmission electron microscope image of the grain boundary phase of the alumina-based sintered body
- a spark plug excellent in withstand voltage characteristics at high temperatures can be provided.
- the hexaaluminate crystal has a particle size of 5 ⁇ m or less, cracks that cause destruction of the sintered body hardly occur, and therefore a spark plug having high thermal shock properties can be provided. .
- a spark plug capable of achieving both sinterability and ease of formation of hexaaluminate crystals by satisfying a specific numerical value range in the particle size ratio of each raw material in the slurry. be able to.
- FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of a spark plug according to the present invention
- FIG. 1 (a) is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view showing the spark plug according to one embodiment
- FIG. 1 (b) shows the spark plug. It is sectional explanatory drawing which shows a front-end
- FIG. 2 shows an example of an apparatus for measuring a withstand voltage characteristic of an insulator in a spark plug according to the present invention at a high temperature
- FIG. 2A is an overhead view of a sintered body and a metal ring.
- FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional view of the sintered body and the ring.
- a spark plug according to the present invention includes a center electrode, a substantially cylindrical insulator provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode, and a substantially cylindrical metal shell provided on the outer periphery of the insulator.
- the insulator is selected from the group consisting of a silicon component (hereinafter referred to as Si component), a magnesium component (hereinafter referred to as Mg component), a calcium component, a strontium component, and a barium component.
- the grain boundary phase has hexaaluminate crystals containing the RE component, and in the alumina-based sintered body, the ratio of the RE component to the Mg component is an oxide conversion.
- the mass ratio (RE oxide / MgO) satisfies 5.4 ⁇ RE oxide / MgO ⁇ 17.5, and the grain boundary phase of the alumina-based sintered body is observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- the content of the alkali metal component in the spot in which the presence of the hexaaluminate crystal is confirmed is 0.01% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less, or more than 8% by mass and 20% by mass or less in terms of oxide.
- Al components aluminum components (hereinafter referred to as Al components). And contains an alkali metal as an inevitable impurity.
- the Al component is mostly aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), that is, alumina, and is contained in the alumina-based sintered body.
- the content of the Al component is preferably in the range of 85 to 95% by mass in terms of oxide when the alumina-based sintered body after firing is 100% by mass.
- the content of the Al component is 85 to 95% by mass in terms of oxide, the dielectric strength characteristics of the insulator in the spark plug according to the present invention can be maintained at a high level.
- the Si component is a component derived from a sintering aid and is present in the alumina-based sintered body as an oxide, ion, or the like.
- the Si component melts during sintering and usually generates a liquid phase, and thus functions as a sintering aid that promotes densification of the sintered body.
- the Si component often forms a low-melting glass or the like in the grain boundary phase of alumina crystal particles after sintering.
- the Si component when the alumina-based sintered body contains not only the Si component but also an Mg component, a Group 2 element component and an RE component described later, the Si component has a higher content than other low melting glass components. It is easy to preferentially form a melting point glass or the like.
- Examples of the raw material of the Si component include silicon oxide and a compound that is converted into the Si component by firing.
- Examples of the compound converted to the Si component include various inorganic powders such as silicon oxide, composite oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, and phosphate. Can do. Specific examples include SiO 2 powder.
- the usage-amount is grasped
- the purity and average particle diameter of the raw material powder of the Si component are basically the same as those of the compound powder that can be the Al component.
- the Mg component and the Group 2 element component contained in the alumina-based sintered body are components derived from a sintering aid. That is, in the spark plug according to the present invention, the Mg component is an essential component.
- the Group 2 element component includes a calcium component (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a Ca component), a strontium component (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an Sr component), and a barium component (hereinafter referred to as a Ba component). And any compound containing at least one selected from the group consisting of:
- the Mg component and the Group 2 element component are present in the alumina-based sintered body as oxides, ions, and the like, and function as a sintering aid during sintering similarly to the Si component.
- the Group 2 element component is preferably a combination of a Ba component and a Ca component. When the Group 2 element component is contained, the high temperature strength of the obtained alumina-based sintered body can be improved.
- the raw material of the Mg component and the Group 2 element component is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound that can be converted into an Mg component and a Group 2 element component by firing, that is, a compound that can be converted into the Mg component and the Group 2 element component.
- examples thereof include various inorganic powders such as Mg and Group 2 element oxides, composite oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, and phosphates.
- MgO powder and MgCO 3 powder can be cited as the Mg compound powder
- CaO powder and CaCO 3 powder can be cited as the Ca compound powder
- BaO powder and BaCO 3 powder can be cited as the Ba compound powder.
- the usage-amount is grasped
- the purity and average particle size of the raw material powder of the Mg component and the Group 2 element component are basically the same as those of the compound powder that can be an Al component.
- the purity and average particle size of the compound powder of the Mg component and the Group 2 element component are basically the same as the compound powder that can be the Al component.
- the RE component is a component derived from a sintering aid and is present in the alumina-based sintered body as an oxide, an ion, or the like.
- the RE component include scandium components (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Sc components), yttrium components (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Y components), such as yttrium oxide and lanthanoid components.
- Specific examples of the RE component contained in the alumina-based sintered body include an Sc component, a Y component, a lanthanum component (hereinafter sometimes referred to as a La component), such as an oxide of lanthanum, a cerium component (hereinafter referred to as a Ce component).
- Pr component Praseodymium component
- Nd component neodymium component
- Pm component promethium component
- Sm component samarium component
- Eu component europium component
- Gd component gadolinium component
- Tb component Terbium component
- Dysprosium component hereinafter sometimes referred to as Dy component
- Ho component holmium component
- Er component erbium component
- Tm components Thulium components
- Yb components ytterbium components
- Lu components ytterbium oxide and lutetium components
- Etc. Preferred examples of the RE component include La component, Nd component, Pr component, Y component, and Yb component.
- the RE component is contained in the alumina-based sintered body during sintering, thereby suppressing excessive grain growth of alumina during sintering and forming glass in the grain boundary phase together with the Si component. Since the glass containing the RE component has a high melting point, it can improve the withstand voltage characteristics of the alumina-based sintered body at a high temperature and also improve the high-temperature strength of the alumina-based sintered body.
- the La component, the Nd component, the Pr component, the Y component, and the Yb component have a small ionic radius, can form a high melting point crystal phase together with the Si component, and further have a high melting point of about 2000 ° C. together with the Al component. It is believed that hexaaluminate crystals having The hexaaluminate crystal has a ⁇ -alumina structure and has a chemical formula represented by, for example, MgAl 12 O 19 , CaAl 12 O 19, REAl 11 O 18, and the like.
- the alumina-based sintered body contains at least one component selected from the group consisting of La component, Nd component, Pr component, Y component and Yb component as RE component, hexaaluminate having a high melting point. Since crystals are easy to form, when the alumina-based sintered body is used as an insulator for a spark plug, the withstand voltage characteristic and the high temperature strength can be improved.
- the hexaaluminate crystal may be present in the alumina-based sintered body, preferably the hexaaluminate crystal may be present in the alumina-based sintered body together with the Si component, and the location is not particularly limited. In addition, it is preferable to exist up to the inside of the alumina-based sintered body, and it is particularly preferable to exist at the two-grain boundary and / or triple point of the alumina crystal grains.
- the presence of the hexaaluminate crystal can be identified by X-ray diffraction by using, for example, a JCPDS card.
- a JCPDS card For the Pr component and the Nd component, since there is no JCPDS card, identification by X-ray diffraction is not possible directly. However, since the ionic radii of Pr 3+ and Nd 3+ are almost equal to the ionic radius of La 3+ , the hexaaluminate crystal containing the Pr component or the Nd component is a JCPDS card (No. .33-699).
- the presence of the hexaaluminate crystal containing the Pr component or the Nd component can be confirmed in comparison with the JCPDS card of the hexaaluminate crystal containing the La component. It is preferable that the hexaaluminate crystal is formed by precipitation in the firing process because the particles during firing hardly grow anisotropically. In particular, the presence of the Si component in the vicinity of the hexaaluminate crystal can further suppress the anisotropic growth of particles during firing.
- the raw material for the RE component is not particularly limited as long as it is an oxide of RE or a compound that can be converted into an RE component by firing, that is, a compound that is converted into an RE component by firing.
- examples thereof include various inorganic powders such as RE element oxides, composite oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, chlorides, sulfates, nitrates, and phosphates.
- the content of the RE component contained in the alumina-based sintered body is grasped by an oxide-converted mass% when the RE component is converted into an oxide.
- content of RE component Ce component employs oxide equivalent mass% when converted to “CeO 2 ”, and Pr component adopts oxide equivalent mass% when converted to “Pr 6 O 11 ”.
- the rare earth element component other than the Ce component and the Pr component employs the oxide equivalent mass% when converted to “RE 2 O 3 ”.
- the RE component content is the sum of the content of each RE component.
- the amount used is determined by mass% in terms of oxide when a compound other than the oxide is converted into an oxide.
- the purity and average particle size of the RE component raw material powder are basically the same as those of the compound powder that can be an Al component. Further, the purity and average particle size of the RE component compound powder are basically the same as those of the compound powder that can be the Al component.
- the ratio of the RE component to the Mg component is 5.4 ⁇ RE oxide / MgO in terms of mass ratio (RE oxide / MgO) in terms of oxide. ⁇ 17.5 is satisfied.
- RE oxide / MgO is obtained by dividing the RE component content derived in terms of oxide by the magnesium oxide (MgO) content. It is the value. If (RE oxide / MgO) is outside the range of 5.4% or more and 17.5% or less, hexaaluminate crystals containing the RE component are hardly formed.
- the alumina-based sintered body contains the Al component, the Si component, the Mg component, the Group 2 element component, and the RE component, but also contains inevitable impurities.
- the inevitable impurities include an alkali metal component, that is, a Group 1 element component of the periodic table based on the IUPAC 1990 recommendation.
- the alkali metal include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), and francium (Fr).
- the result of elemental analysis of the grain boundary phase observed with a circular spot having a diameter of 0.3 nm arbitrarily selected showed that the RE component In a spot where the mass ratio (RE oxide / Al 2 O 3 ) in terms of oxide with respect to the Al component satisfies 0.2 to 2.5, the hexaaluminate crystal is present in the spot Preferably, it is considered that the hexaaluminate crystal is present together with the Si component.
- a spot where hexaaluminate crystals are present, and preferably where the hexaaluminate crystals and the Si component are present will be referred to as “presence confirmation spot”.
- the “presence confirmation spot” contains the alkali metal component which is an inevitable impurity. If the “presence confirmation spot” contains an alkali metal component that easily moves in the grain boundary phase, it is considered that the alkali metal component is difficult to move even at high temperatures. If the alkali metal component becomes difficult to move even at high temperatures, the dielectric breakdown caused by the alkali metal component moving through the grain boundary phase is less likely to occur, so the dielectric strength characteristics at high temperatures of the insulator in the spark plug according to the present invention Becomes higher.
- the content of the alkali metal component contained in the “presence confirmation spot” is 0.01% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less, and exceeds 8% by mass when the entire “existence confirmation spot” is 100% by mass.
- the content of the alkali metal component contained in the “presence confirmation spot” is 0.01% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less, and exceeds 8% by mass when the entire “existence confirmation spot” is 100% by mass.
- within any range of not more than mass% that is, not less than 0.01 mass and not more than 20 mass%, preferably in the range of not less than 1 mass% and not more than 8 mass%, and in the range exceeding 8 mass% and not more than 20 mass%.
- that is, within a range of 1 mass% or more and 20 mass% or less is preferable.
- the migration of the alkali metal component may occur at a high temperature. High withstand voltage characteristics may not be achieved.
- an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer manufactured by EDAX
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- Examples thereof include a method of measuring by elemental analysis using EDX, model: Genesis 4000, detector: SUTW3.3 RTEM
- Examples of the analysis conditions include an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, an irradiation mode of HR, a spot size of 0.3 nm, and observation of arbitrary 30 points for “existence confirmation spots”.
- the average value of mass% in terms of oxide of the alkali metal component at each of the observed 30 points can be the content of the alkali metal.
- the ratio of the RE component, the Si component, the Mg component, and the Group 2 element component is converted into an oxide.
- Alumina-based sintering satisfying 0.25 ⁇ RE oxide / (SiO 2 + MgO + Group 2 element oxide) ⁇ 0.82 at a mass ratio of ⁇ RE oxide / (SiO 2 + MgO + Group 2 element oxide) ⁇ A spark plug with a body can be mentioned.
- the alumina-based sintered body contains a Ba component
- the alumina-based sintered body contains the first component.
- the group 2 element component is a Ca component and / or Sr component
- the ratio of the Ba component, the Ba component, the Mg component, and the Ca component and / or the Sr component is as follows:
- Examples of the spark plug include an alumina-based sintered body that satisfies 0.3 ⁇ BaO / (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) ⁇ 0.8 in terms of mass ratio ⁇ BaO / (MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO) ⁇ in terms of oxide.
- the content of each component contained in the above-mentioned alumina-based sintered body is to calculate the mass% in terms of oxide by quantitatively analyzing or chemically analyzing the alumina-based sintered body with an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA). Can do.
- EPMA electron beam microanalyzer
- the result calculated by quantitative analysis or chemical analysis of the alumina-based sintered body with EPMA and the mixing ratio of the raw material powders substantially coincide.
- an embodiment in which the thermal shock resistance as well as the withstand voltage characteristics of the spark plug can be improved includes an embodiment in which the average grain size of hexaaluminate crystals in the alumina-based sintered body is 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle size of the hexaaluminate crystal is 5 ⁇ m or less, stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the alumina crystal and the hexaaluminate crystal can be suppressed, so both withstand voltage characteristics and thermal shock properties are achieved. can do.
- the average particle diameter of the hexaaluminate crystals in the alumina-based sintered body may be measured by, for example, mirror-polishing the surface of each sintered body and performing thermal etching on the polished surface for 10 minutes at a temperature 100 ° C. lower than the firing temperature. Apply processing. Then, the surface which performed this process is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM), The method of measuring the average crystal grain diameter of a hexaaluminate crystal by an intercept method can be mentioned.
- the hexaaluminate crystal has a layered structure or a solid solution with the Mg component and the Group 2 element component, so that the Mg component and the Group 2 element component may move in the grain boundary phase.
- the withstand voltage characteristic is further improved.
- Examples of the observation method of the layered structure or solid solution formed by the hexaaluminate crystal, the Mg component, and the Group 2 element component include a method of observing the alumina-based sintered body with a transmission electron microscope (TEM). it can.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- a spark plug according to the present invention comprises a center electrode, a substantially cylindrical insulator provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode, and a ground electrode disposed so that one end faces the center electrode via a spark discharge gap. I have.
- the spark plug according to the present invention is a spark plug having such a configuration, other members and configurations are not particularly limited, and various known members and configurations can be adopted.
- FIG. 1 shows a spark plug as an embodiment of the spark plug according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a partial cross-sectional explanatory view of a spark plug 1 which is an embodiment of a spark plug according to the present invention
- FIG. 1 (b) is a spark which is an embodiment of a spark plug according to the present invention.
- 2 is an explanatory cross-sectional view showing the main part of the plug 1.
- FIG. 1A the lower side of the paper is the front end direction of the axis AX
- the upper side of the paper is the rear end direction of the axis AX
- FIG. 1B the upper side of the paper is the front side of the axis AX
- the lower side of the paper is the rear side of the axis AX. This will be described as the end direction.
- the spark plug 1 includes a substantially rod-shaped center electrode 2, a substantially cylindrical insulator 3 provided on the outer periphery of the center electrode 2, and an insulator 3. And a grounding electrode 6 which is disposed so that one end thereof is opposed to the front end surface of the center electrode 2 via a spark discharge gap G and the other end is joined to the end surface of the metallic shell 4. And.
- the metallic shell 4 has a cylindrical shape and is formed so as to hold the insulator 3 by incorporating the insulator 3 therein.
- a threaded portion 9 is formed on the outer peripheral surface in the front end direction of the metal shell 4, and the spark plug 1 is attached to a cylinder head (not shown) of the internal combustion engine using the threaded portion 9.
- the nominal diameter of the screw portion 9 is usually adjusted to 10 mm or less.
- the metal shell 4 can be formed of a conductive steel material, for example, low carbon steel.
- the center electrode 2 is formed of an outer member 7 and an inner member 8 formed so as to be concentrically embedded in an axial center portion inside the outer member 7.
- the center electrode 2 is fixed to the shaft hole of the insulator 3 with its tip projecting from the tip surface of the insulator 3 described later, and is insulated and held with respect to the metal shell 4.
- the outer material 7 of the center electrode 2 is formed of a nickel base alloy having excellent heat resistance and corrosion resistance
- the inner material 8 of the electrode 2 is formed of a metal material having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper (Cu) or nickel (Ni). Can be.
- the ground electrode 6 is formed in, for example, a prismatic body, one end is joined to the end surface of the metal shell 4, and is bent into a substantially L shape in the middle, and the tip is positioned in the axis AX direction of the center electrode 2. As such, its shape and structure are designed. By designing the ground electrode 6 in this way, one end of the ground electrode 6 is disposed so as to face the center electrode 6 with the spark discharge gap G interposed therebetween.
- the spark discharge gap G is a gap between the front end surface of the center electrode 2 and the surface of the ground electrode 6, and this spark discharge gap G is normally set to 0.3 to 1.5 mm. Since the ground electrode 6 is exposed to a higher temperature than the center electrode 2, the ground electrode 6 is preferably formed of a Ni-base alloy or the like that is more excellent in heat resistance and corrosion resistance than the Ni-base alloy that forms the center electrode 2.
- the insulator 3 is held on the inner peripheral portion of the metal shell 4 via talc and / or packing (not shown), and the center electrode 2 along the axis AX direction of the insulator 3. It has a shaft hole for holding.
- the insulator 3 is fixed to the metal shell 4 with the end of the insulator 3 in the tip direction protruding from the tip surface of the metal shell 4.
- the insulator 3 includes an alumina-based firing containing an Si element component, an Mg component, at least one component selected from the group consisting of a Ca component, an Sr component, and a Ba component, and an RE component.
- the grain boundary phase of the alumina-based sintered body has a hexaaluminate crystal containing the RE component, and the ratio of the RE component to the Mg component is oxidized in the alumina-based sintered body.
- the mass ratio (RE oxide / MgO) when converted to a material satisfies 5.4 ⁇ RE oxide / MgO ⁇ 17.5, and the grain boundary phase of the alumina-based sintered body is observed with a transmission electron microscope.
- the content of the alkali metal component in the spot in which the presence of the hexaaluminate crystal and the Si component is confirmed is 0.01 to 20% by mass in terms of oxide. . Since the compounds and physical properties contained in the insulator 3 have been described above, they may be omitted.
- raw material powder that is, powder of a compound that is converted into the Al component, the Si component, the Mg component, the Group 2 element component, and the RE component by firing is contained in a slurry. Mix with.
- each powder of the same material as the Al component, the same material as the Si component, the same material as the Mg component, the same material as the Group 2 element component, and the same material as the RE component (note these Are also referred to as raw powders).
- This mixing is preferably performed for 8 hours or more so that the mixed state of the raw material powders can be made uniform and the obtained sintered body can be highly densified.
- the powder of the compound added to the Al component by firing is referred to as an alumina raw material
- the powder of the compound added to the Si component, Mg component, Group 2 element component, and RE component by firing is referred to as an auxiliary raw material.
- the particle size ratio between the average particle size of the alumina raw material and the average particle size of the auxiliary raw material in the slurry (D alumina raw material / D auxiliary raw material ) 1.2 ⁇ D alumina raw material / D auxiliary raw material ⁇ 4.4 is preferable because the hexaaluminate crystal can be easily formed while ensuring good sinterability.
- the average particle diameter of the powder can be measured by a laser diffraction method using, for example, a Microtrac particle size distribution measuring apparatus (MT-3000) manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.
- a hydrophilic binder can be blended with the raw material powder as a binder.
- the hydrophilic binder include polyvinyl alcohol, water-soluble acrylic resin, gum arabic, and dextrin.
- distributes raw material powder water, alcohol, etc. can be used, for example.
- These hydrophilic binders and solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ratio of the hydrophilic binder and the solvent used is 0.1 to 7 parts by weight, preferably 1 to 5 parts by weight, based on 100 parts by weight of the raw material powder. If water is used as the solvent, the amount can be 40 to 120 parts by weight, preferably 50 to 100 parts by weight.
- a slurry in which the raw material powder is dispersed can be obtained by dispersing the raw material powder in a solvent and blending a binder.
- the obtained slurry is spray-dried by a spray drying method or the like, and granulated to an average particle size of 30 to 200 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 150 ⁇ m.
- the granulated product is molded to obtain a green molded body.
- the shape of the obtained green molded body is adjusted by grinding. Since this green compact is formed of a granulated product having a relatively large average particle size, it is excellent in processability and can be easily shaped into a desired shape with high productivity.
- Alumina-based sintering is performed by firing the green compact that has been ground and shaped into a desired shape in an air atmosphere at 1500 to 1700 ° C., more preferably 1550 to 1650 ° C. for 1 to 8 hours, and more preferably 3 to 7 hours. Get the body.
- the firing temperature is 1500 to 1700 ° C.
- the sintered body is easy to be sufficiently densified, and abnormal grain growth of alumina is difficult to occur. Therefore, the withstand voltage characteristics and mechanical strength of the obtained alumina-based sintered body should be ensured. Can do.
- the firing time is 1 to 8 hours, the sintered body is easily densified sufficiently, and abnormal grain growth of alumina is unlikely to occur, so the withstand voltage characteristics and mechanical strength of the obtained alumina-based sintered body are ensured. can do.
- an alumina-based sintered body When the green molded body is sintered, an alumina-based sintered body can be obtained.
- the obtained alumina-based sintered body contains an alkali metal component in the “presence confirmation spot” in the arbitrarily selected spot having a diameter of 0.3 nm when the grain boundary phase is observed with a TEM. Excellent withstand voltage characteristics and high temperature strength. Therefore, the alumina-based sintered body is particularly suitable as the insulator 3 of the spark plug for the internal combustion engine with high output.
- the alumina-based sintered body may be shaped again if desired. In this manner, an alumina-based sintered body and an insulator for the spark plug 1 made of the alumina-based sintered body can be produced.
- alumina powder having an average particle size of 2.1 ⁇ m, SiO 2 powder, magnesium (Mg) component, calcium (Ca) component, strontium (Sr) component, barium (Ba) component carbonate powder, and rare earth As raw material powder, alumina powder having an average particle size of 2.1 ⁇ m, SiO 2 powder, magnesium (Mg) component, calcium (Ca) component, strontium (Sr) component, barium (Ba) component carbonate powder, and rare earth The element-containing powder was mixed. Furthermore, a binder, for example, polyvinyl alcohol and water as a solvent were added to prepare a molding base slurry.
- the obtained molding base slurry was spray-dried by a spray drying method or the like to prepare a spherical molding base granulated product. Further, the obtained green granulated material for molding was subjected to rubber press molding to produce a press-molded body serving as an original shape of the insulator.
- this press-molded body is cut on the outside with a resinoid grindstone or the like.
- the molded body is fired in the atmosphere at a firing temperature of 1500 ° C. to 1650 ° C. with a firing time set to 1 to 8 hours, and then finish firing is performed with glaze to obtain an insulator. It was.
- the content of alkali metal contained in the spot where the presence of hexaaluminate crystal and Si component is confirmed in the insulator is the EDAX attached to the transmission electron microscope (TEM, model: HD-2000) manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. The measurement was carried out by elemental analysis using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX, model: Genesis 4000, detector: SUTW3.3 RTEM) manufactured by the company. The analysis conditions are as follows: an acceleration voltage of 200 kV, an irradiation mode of HR, a spot size of 0.3 nm, a hexaaluminate crystal, a Si component, and a portion where glass existing in the grain boundary phase is present at any 30 points.
- FIG. 2A is an overhead view of the insulator 30 and the metal ring 31 surrounding the vicinity of the tip of the insulator 30, and FIG. 2B is a diagram of the insulator 30 and the ring 31. It is sectional drawing.
- the insulator 30 used for the withstand voltage measurement has a shaft hole at the center in the axial direction, and the tip of the shaft hole is closed.
- the ring 31 has an axial length L of 3 to 4 mm, and is fixed near the tip of the insulator 30 by fixing means (not shown). One end of the insulator 30 is fixed by the base 32, and the other end protrudes from the base 32.
- a center electrode D is inserted into the shaft hole.
- the evaluation of withstand voltage at high temperature is performed by heating a portion protruding from the base 32 of the insulator 30 to 600 to 950 ° C. at a high frequency, and a portion close to the metal ring 31 that is easily heated in the insulator 30 is 800 ° C.
- a voltage is applied between the center electrode D and the ring 31, and the voltage value when dielectric breakdown occurs in the insulator 30 is measured as the withstand voltage value of the sample. It was decided to.
- Table 3 shows the measured withstand voltage values.
- the content ratio of RE / MgO is outside the range of 5.4 to 17.5, and the spot where the presence of hexaaluminate crystals is confirmed does not contain an alkali metal component.
- the sample has a reduced withstand voltage characteristic at a high temperature.
- a sample having an RE / MgO content ratio in the range of 5.4 to 17.5 and containing an alkali metal component in a spot where hexaaluminate crystals have been confirmed has a withstand voltage at high temperatures. It has excellent characteristics and maintains insulation without causing dielectric breakdown even at a high temperature of 900 ° C.
- samples 13 to 27 in which the content ratio of RE / (SiO 2 + MgO + Group 2 element oxide) is in the range of 0.25 to 0.82 are 0.25.
- Samples 4 to 12 which are outside the range of ⁇ 0.82 the withstand voltage characteristics at high temperatures are improved, and the withstand voltage characteristics even when the measurement temperature increases from 800 ° C to 850 ° C and 900 ° C. Is difficult to decrease.
- thermal shock In the thermal shock evaluation of the insulator, the insulator heated to a predetermined temperature was quenched in water, and the temperature difference between the heating temperature and the water temperature when a crack occurred in the insulator was defined as thermal shock ( ⁇ T). Table 4 shows the measurement results of thermal shock resistance.
- Samples 21 to 27 in which the average grain size of hexaaluminate crystals is 5 ⁇ m or less have higher thermal shock properties than samples 4 to 20 in which the average grain size of hexaaluminate crystals exceeds 5 ⁇ m, and have high resistance to high temperatures. It can be seen that not only voltage characteristics but also strength could be obtained.
- particle size of raw material As the particle size of the raw material, an average particle size measured by a laser diffraction method with a Microtrac particle size distribution measuring device (MT-3000) manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd. was adopted. The ratio of the average particle diameter of the alumina powder and the average particle diameter of the auxiliary raw material powder in each sample is calculated and shown in Table 5.
- Samples 13 to 27 that satisfy the particle size ratio of alumina to the auxiliary material of 1.2 to 4.4 have a higher relative density and a high temperature of 900 ° C. than samples 1 to 12 that do not satisfy this numerical range. Even so, it shows a high withstand voltage. That is, when the particle size ratio of the raw materials is in a specific range, both sufficient densification and improvement of withstand voltage characteristics at high temperatures can be achieved.
- Samples 13 to 27 have a smaller shrinkage per 1 ° C. than Samples 1 to 9 which are below the numerical range of the particle size ratio between alumina and the auxiliary material. That is, a small amount of shrinkage per 1 ° C. means that when the firing temperature is deviated by 1 ° C., the deviation of the actual shrinkage amount from the target shrinkage amount is small. Insulators used in spark plugs are manufactured in the order of firing after the outer shape is adjusted at the stage of the molded body before firing, so even if the firing temperature deviates somewhat during firing, the insulator after firing The dimensions are required to be included in a predetermined tolerance range, and the amount of shrinkage per 1 ° C. is preferably small.
- Samples 13 to 27 have a shorter raw material pulverization time than Samples 10 to 12, which exceed the numerical range of the particle size ratio between alumina and the auxiliary material.
- the pulverization time of the raw material is short, high productivity of the spark plug according to the present invention can be ensured.
- the spark plug according to the present invention can be applied to a spark plug that can become high temperature during use, for example, a spark plug used in an internal combustion engine with high output.
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Abstract
Description
(1)中心電極と、前記中心電極の外周に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具とを備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、ケイ素成分(以下においてSi成分と称する。)と、マグネシウム成分(以下においてMg成分と称する。)と、カルシウム成分、ストロンチウム成分及びバリウム成分からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分(以下において第2族元素成分と称する。)と、希土類元素成分(以下においてRE成分と称する。)とを含有するアルミナ基焼結体を備え、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相は、前記RE成分を含むヘキサアルミネート結晶を有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と前記Mg成分との比が酸化物換算した場合の質量比(RE酸化物/MgO)で5.4≦RE酸化物/MgO≦17.5を満たし、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相を、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、直径0.3nmの円形のスポットのうち、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の存在が確認されたスポットにおけるアルカリ金属成分の含有量が酸化物換算で0.01質量%以上20質量%以下の範囲内にあることを特徴とするスパークプラグであり、
(2)前記アルカリ金属成分の前記含有量範囲にあるスポットが、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶と前記Si成分との存在が確認されたスポットである前記(1)に記載のスパークプラグであり、
(3)前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}で0.25≦RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)≦0.82を満たす(1)又は(2)に記載のスパークプラグであり、
(4)前記アルミナ焼結体中は前記バリウム成分(以下においてBa成分と称する。)を含有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体に含まれる前記第2族元素成分が前記カルシウム成分(以下においてCa成分と称する。)及び/又は前記ストロンチウム成分(以下においてSr成分と称する。)であり、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記Ba成分と、前記Ba成分、前記Mg成分並びに前記Ca成分及び/又は前記Sr成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}で0.3≦BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)≦0.8を満たす(1)~(3)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグであり、
(5)前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の平均粒径が5μm以下である(1)~(4)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグであり、
(6)前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶は、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分と、層状構造又は固溶体を形成する(1)~(5)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグであり、
(7)前記アルミナ基焼結体は、アルミナ原料と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分、並びに前記RE成分から成る副原料とをスラリー中で混合して造粒した後に成形及び焼成して成り、前記スラリー中の前記アルミナ原料の平均粒径と前記副原料の平均粒径との粒径比(Dアルミナ原料/D副原料)が1.2≦Dアルミナ原料/D副原料≦4.4である(1)~(6)のいずれか一つに記載のスパークプラグである。
特に、ヘキサアルミネート結晶の近傍にSi成分が存在することにより、焼成時における粒子の異方成長を更に抑制することができる。
原料粉末として、平均粒径2.1μmのアルミナ粉末と、SiO2粉末、マグネシウム(Mg)成分、カルシウム(Ca)成分、ストロンチウム(Sr)成分、バリウム(Ba)成分の各炭酸塩粉末と、希土類元素含有粉末とを混合した。更に、バインダ例えばポリビニルアルコールと、溶媒としての水とを添加して成形用素地スラリーを調製した。
絶縁体を切断した断面に研磨処理を施した後に、株式会社リガク製のX線回折装置(型式:MiniFlex、測定角度範囲(2θ):20~70°、X線条件:電圧30kV、電流15mA)を用いて前記断面のX線回折分析をすることにより、結晶相を同定することとした。また、ヘキサアルミネート結晶であると同定した部位に、RE成分が含まれていることも確認した。
得られた絶縁体の各成分の含有量は、EPMAを用いた定量分析により測定した。絶縁体に含まれる各成分の含有量は、表1に示す。
絶縁体においてヘキサアルミネート結晶及びSi成分の存在が確認されたスポットに含まれるアルカリ金属の含有量は、株式会社日立製作所製の透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM、型式:HD-2000)に付属のEDAX社製のエネルギー分散型X線分析装置(EDX、型式:Genesis4000、検出器:SUTW3.3RTEM)を用いて元素分析することによって、測定した。分析の条件は、加速電圧が200kV、照射モードがHR、スポットサイズが0.3nm、ヘキサアルミネート結晶及びSi成分と粒界相に存在するガラスとが存在している部位について、任意の30点を観察するという条件に設定した。この観察した30点の各点において測定されたアルカリ金属成分の酸化物換算の質量%の平均値を、前記アルカリ金属の含有量とした。各試料のアルカリ金属の含有量を、表1に示す。表1において「*」を付した試料番号は比較例である。
表1に示した各成分の含有量を用いて、(RE酸化物/MgO)、{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}、{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}をそれぞれ算出した。算出した結果を表2に示す。なお、(RE酸化物/MgO)は、「RE/MgO」で示し、{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}は、「RE/(SiO2+2族)」で示し、{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}は、「Ba/2族」で示している。
各試料の高温下における耐電圧を測定した。耐電圧を測定する装置を図2に示す。図2(a)は、絶縁体30と、絶縁体30の先端近傍を囲繞する金属製のリング31とを俯瞰した図であり、図2(b)は、絶縁体30と前記リング31との断面図である。耐電圧の測定に供する絶縁体30は、その軸線方向の中心部に軸孔を備えていると共に、軸孔の先端部は閉じた状態と成っている。リング31は、その軸線長さLが3~4mmであり、図示しない固定手段によって、絶縁体30の先端近傍に固定されている。絶縁体30は、基部32により一端部が固定され、他端部が基部32から突出している。前記軸孔には中心電極Dが挿入配置されている。この高温下での耐電圧評価は、絶縁体30の基部32から突出した部位を600~950℃に高周波加熱し、絶縁体30における加熱され易い金属製のリング31に近接した部位が800℃、850℃及び900℃の所定温度に達した状態において、中心電極Dとリング31との間に電圧を印加し、絶縁体30に絶縁破壊が発生したときの電圧値を試料の耐電圧値として測定することとした。測定した耐電圧値を、表3に示す。
絶縁体が緻密化されていることを確認するために、算出した。各絶縁体の相対密度は、先ずJIS R 1634に準拠した方法で見かけ密度を測定し、格子定数より算出した理論密度と測定した見かけ密度とを用いて算出した。算出した相対密度を、表3に示す。
各絶縁体の表面を鏡面研磨し、焼成温度よりも100℃低い温度で10分にわたって研磨面にサーマルエッチング処理を施した。この処理を施した表面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で観察し、インターセプト法にて、ヘキサアルミネート結晶の平均結晶粒径を計測した。その結果を表4に示す。
絶縁体の熱衝撃性評価は、所定温度に加熱した絶縁体を水中にて急冷し、絶縁体にクラックが発生したときの加熱温度と水温との温度差を熱衝撃(ΔT)とした。熱衝撃性の測定結果を表4に示す。
原料の粒径は、日機装株式会社製のマイクロトラック粒度分布測定装置(MT-3000)によりレーザー回折法で測定した平均粒径を採用した。各試料におけるアルミナ粉末の平均粒径と副原料粉末の平均粒径との比を算出し、表5に示す。
2、D 中心電極
3 絶縁体
4 主体金具
6 接地電極
7 外材
8 内材
9 ネジ部
G 火花放電間隙
30 絶縁体
31 リング
32 基部
L 軸線長さ
Claims (7)
- 中心電極と、前記中心電極の外周に設けられた略円筒状の絶縁体と、前記絶縁体の外周に設けられた略円筒状の主体金具とを備えたスパークプラグであって、
前記絶縁体は、ケイ素成分(以下においてSi成分と称する。)と、マグネシウム成分(以下においてMg成分と称する。)と、カルシウム成分、ストロンチウム成分及びバリウム成分からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種の成分(以下において第2族元素成分と称する。)と、希土類元素成分(以下においてRE成分と称する。)とを含有するアルミナ基焼結体を備え、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相は、前記RE成分を含むヘキサアルミネート結晶を有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と前記Mg成分との比が酸化物換算した場合の質量比(RE酸化物/MgO)で5.4≦RE酸化物/MgO≦17.5を満たし、
前記アルミナ基焼結体の粒界相を、透過型電子顕微鏡で観察し、直径0.3nmの円形のスポットのうち、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の存在が確認されたスポットにおけるアルカリ金属成分の含有量が酸化物換算で0.01質量%以上20質量%以下の範囲内にあることを特徴とするスパークプラグ。 - 前記アルカリ金属成分の前記含有量範囲にあるスポットが、前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶と前記Si成分との存在が確認されたスポットである前記請求項1に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記RE成分と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)}で0.25≦RE酸化物/(SiO2+MgO+第2族元素酸化物)≦0.82を満たす請求項1又は2に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記アルミナ基焼結体は前記バリウム成分(以下においてBa成分と称する。)を含有し、
前記アルミナ基焼結体に含まれる前記第2族元素成分が前記カルシウム成分(以下においてCa成分と称する。)及び/又は前記ストロンチウム成分(以下においてSr成分と称する。)であり、
前記アルミナ基焼結体において、前記Ba成分と、前記Ba成分、前記Mg成分並びに前記Ca成分及び/又は前記Sr成分との比が、酸化物換算した場合の質量比{BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)}で0.3≦BaO/(MgO+CaO+SrO+BaO)≦0.8を満たす請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。 - 前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶の平均粒径が5μm以下である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記ヘキサアルミネート結晶は、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分と、層状構造又は固溶体を形成する請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
- 前記アルミナ基焼結体は、アルミナ原料と、前記Si成分、前記Mg成分及び前記第2族元素成分、並びに前記RE成分から成る副原料とをスラリー中で混合して造粒した後に成形及び焼成して成り、前記スラリー中の前記アルミナ原料の平均粒径と前記副原料の平均粒径との粒径比(Dアルミナ原料/D副原料)が1.2≦Dアルミナ原料/D副原料≦4.4である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のスパークプラグ。
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