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WO2010083778A1 - 注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物 - Google Patents

注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2010083778A1
WO2010083778A1 PCT/CN2010/070342 CN2010070342W WO2010083778A1 WO 2010083778 A1 WO2010083778 A1 WO 2010083778A1 CN 2010070342 W CN2010070342 W CN 2010070342W WO 2010083778 A1 WO2010083778 A1 WO 2010083778A1
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drug
lung
liposome
pharmaceutical composition
composition
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PCT/CN2010/070342
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
余瑜
李伟
刘宇
赵领
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重庆医科大学
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Publication of WO2010083778A1 publication Critical patent/WO2010083778A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/0012Galenical forms characterised by the site of application
    • A61K9/0019Injectable compositions; Intramuscular, intravenous, arterial, subcutaneous administration; Compositions to be administered through the skin in an invasive manner
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/10Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A61K9/127Liposomes
    • A61K9/1277Processes for preparing; Proliposomes
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P11/00Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of pharmaceutical carrier administration, in particular to an injection-targeted lung-targeted liposome pharmaceutical composition for treating lung diseases with high lung targeted administration characteristics; the invention also relates to the drug combination The preparation method of the substance. Background technique
  • Liposomes refer to a bilayered mites with a similar biofilm structure. It is a multi-layered foam formed by the dispersion of phospholipids in water. Each layer is a bilayer of lipids; the center of the bubble is separated from the layers by water, and the thickness of the bilayer is about 4.
  • lipid It has been the most promising targeted drug delivery vehicle formulation for pharmaceutics and is a new formulation for tissue-targeted drug delivery systems, also known as biological missiles. It can embed a drug powder or solution in a nanometer-scale or micron-sized particle.
  • the microparticle has a cell-like structure, and enters the living body to change the in vivo distribution behavior of the encapsulated drug, so that the drug is mainly sent to the lesion.
  • Organs and organs reduce the distribution of non-focal tissues and organs, so as to improve the efficacy of drugs and reduce the side effects of drugs.
  • liposomes As a drug carrier, liposomes have the advantages of sustained release, targeting, low toxicity, improved drug stability and improved pharmacokinetic properties.
  • ordinary liposomes enter the organism and are mainly phagocytosed by the reticuloendothelial system to activate the autoimmune function of the body and change the in vivo distribution behavior of the encapsulated drugs, so that the drugs are mainly in the reticuloendothelial system such as liver, spleen and bone marrow.
  • organs other tissues and organs are poorly targeted.
  • lung-targeted drug delivery is very important because targeted therapy can deliver drugs directly to the lung tissue, so that the lungs form a high concentration to improve the efficacy, reduce the vice The role of reducing the effects of drug resistance.
  • the alveolar surface area is large, and the administration of pulmonary capillary mechanical filtration is used.
  • Huo et al. used a solvent evaporation method to prepare a cisplatin lung targeting microsphere with a polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer as an auxiliary material, and an average particle diameter of 12.8 ⁇ ⁇ , wherein 98% of the microspheres have a particle diameter of Between 5 and 30 ⁇ m, the lung cisplatin concentration was 212 ⁇ g/g after 15 minutes of rabbit ear vein administration, while the control group was only 1.37 g/ g .
  • Ka rst en believes that polymer-modified solid lipid nanoparticles can reduce the uptake of drugs by the endothelial reticulocyte system, thus prolonging the time of drug circulation.
  • Muller et al found that solid lipid nanoparticles modified with F68 do have The above effects; Zara, Serrano and other solid lipid nanoparticles modified with soy lecithin (80 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m) can not only increase the plasma AUC area, but also increase the concentration of the drug in the lungs, compared with the control group. , can increase by about 30%. It is believed that it is a kind of alveolar surfactant which is easily absorbed by the alveolar wall. Xiang et al.
  • the invention also relates to a process for the preparation of the pharmaceutical composition.
  • the lung-targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection comprises: a drug-loaded precursor liposome solid phase granule or a powder and an effervescent agent which are dispensed before administration; wherein the drug-loaded precursor liposome
  • the solid phase granule or powder is Composition I or Composition II by weight:
  • Active drug 0. 001 10 Phospholipid lipid 0. 5 ⁇ 30 Cholesterol lipid 0. 25 - 15 Acid carrier 25 - 90 Surfactant 0. 1 ⁇ 30
  • the addition agent is added in parts by weight 0. 1 ⁇ 10;
  • the above active drug is a drug for treating lung cancer. It may be selected from the group consisting of docetaxel, paclitaxel, zoledronic acid, cisplatin, doxorubicin, topotecan, etoposide or cyclophosphamide.
  • the above active drug is an anti-tuberculosis drug. From rifampicin, rifapentine or isoniazid.
  • the above active drug is a drug for treating pneumonia. It is selected from the group consisting of ofloxacin, ribavirin, penicillin or cephalosporin.
  • the above lipid lipid is selected from the group consisting of lecithin, soybean phospholipid, hydrogenated soybean lecithin, phosphatidylethanolamine, synthetic phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, egg phosphatidylcholine, two whale scorpion, two flesh Myristoyl lecithin, distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, pegylated distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine in PEGylated phospholipid analog, methoxy pegylated distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine, and A pegylated phospholipid analog modified with a ligand such as folic acid.
  • the above cholesterol lipid is selected from the group consisting of cholesterol, cholesterol acetyl ester, cholesteryl hemisuccinate, ⁇ -sitosterol, cholesterol stearate, cholesterol palmitate, monomethyl polyethylene glycol-cholesterol, and folic acid.
  • the above surfactant is selected from the group consisting of a Tween series, a sucrose fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene monooleate in a polyoxyethylene type nonionic surfactant, a polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, and a polyoxyethylene alkyl ether.
  • the acid carrier described above is selected from an organic acid or an inorganic acid such as citric acid or/and tartaric acid.
  • the above additive is an antioxidant or/and a solid dispersion carrier; wherein the antioxidant is a water-soluble or/and fat-soluble antioxidant selected from vitamin E or/and vitamin C; and the solid dispersion carrier is selected from the group consisting of mannitol. Glucose, sorbitol and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
  • the above effervescent agent is an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogencarbonate or a sodium carbonate aqueous solution having a concentration of 2-10 by weight.
  • the method for preparing a pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection comprises the following steps:
  • composition I or the other substance of the composition II other than the additive is dissolved in a suitable amount of absolute ethanol or a mixed solvent of absolute ethanol and anhydrous diethyl ether to obtain a solution A in which a solvent is dissolved in a solvent.
  • the volume ratio to anhydrous ether is 7-9: 3-1;
  • step (3) determining the content of the main drug in the composition of step (3), determining the amount of the preparation, and dispensing under aseptic conditions;
  • Formulating an effervescent agent preparing a sodium hydrogencarbonate or sodium carbonate aqueous solution having a concentration of 2-10 by weight; adding a volume of the solution of 0.1 to 1. 0% of the activated carbon for injection, stirring and standing, using a pore diameter of less than or A microporous filter equal to 0.22 ⁇ m was over-treated to obtain a sterile and pyrogen-free effervescent.
  • the method for using the above-mentioned lung-targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is as follows: according to the mass concentration (g/L) of 0.1 to 2, the effervescent agent is quickly injected into the pre-drug body fat by using a syringe. In the solid powder or granules, shake them vigorously to mix the two thoroughly. The mixed solution is administered to the patient in a slow instillation and used within 8 hours.
  • This product is white or off-white solid particles or powder.
  • the liposome suspension was left at room temperature for 8 hours without precipitation and the quality was stable.
  • the particle size and charge of the liposome were determined by laser particle size analyzer, and the average particle size was 1.12 ⁇ 0.050 ⁇ m; the zeta potential of the particle was - 10 ⁇ - 30mV.
  • the 1000-fold oil microscope was used to observe the presence or absence of insoluble drug crystallization, and the high-speed centrifugation or dialysis method was used respectively, and the encapsulation efficiency was more than 90%.
  • the lung-targeted liposome for injection had no hemolysis at the clinical dose, and there was no obvious stimulating effect on the rabbit ear vein. There was no pyrogen reaction in the rabbit, which indicated that the lung-targeted liposome for injection was safe.
  • the animal used in this study is 55 healthy New Zealand white rabbits (female and half) with a body weight of 1.95 to 2. 05 kg. It is provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Chongqing Medical University. Animals are free to eat and drink. According to the regulations on the use of experimental animals in the People's Republic of China, the Animal Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University approved the animal experiments involved in this project. After the trial, the rabbits were injected with injections to death.
  • mice were randomly divided into 1 group, 5 in each group, and then divided into 3 drug-administered groups.
  • the administration group 1 group 1-5)
  • the docetaxel liposome suspension was administered from the rabbit ear vein at a dose of 2 mg docetaxel per kg body weight, and the administration group 2 (6-10 groups) was administered.
  • An equal dose of docetaxel injection wherein the administration group 1 (group 1-4) and the administration group 2 (group 6-9) were sacrificed at 0. 25, 1. 5, 4, 8 and 24 h after administration.
  • Drug administration group 1 (5 groups) and administration group 2 (10 groups) after administration, 0.083, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24 h blood was collected from the ear vein. At the same time, after the final blood collection, immediately executed.
  • Dosing group 3 (group 11) was not administered as blank plasma and tissue.
  • the blood sample was centrifuged at 5000 rpm for 5 minutes to separate the plasma.
  • the rabbit was sacrificed, the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach and brain tissues were taken out, and the surface water of the tissue was blotted dry and accurately weighed, and then added every 1 g. 2 ml of physiological saline was subjected to slurry treatment.
  • the drug concentration-time data was used to perform a series of model fitting calculations for pharmacokinetic parameters.
  • the optimal pharmacokinetic model was determined based on the correlation coefficient and the AIC standard value, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated.
  • Three primary targeting parameters (Re, Te and Ce) were calculated to evaluate docetaxel lung targeting characteristics. Statistical differences in the test data were judged by SPSS 11.0 one-way analysis of variance.
  • Figure 3 shows the concentration of docetaxel in the lungs after administration of docetaxel liposomes from rabbit ear veins.
  • the drug concentration in the lungs 51 0. 20 g/g, 0. 25 h ) significantly higher than other organizations.
  • the concentration of lung drug increased from 7.6 g/g to 51 0. 20 ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ after 0.25 hour intravenous administration of docetaxel liposomes.
  • the liposome carrier can deliver 9 3.6% of paclitaxel to the lungs after 0.25 hours of administration through the rabbit ear vein. A small amount was transmitted to the liver (5.17%), kidney (1.10%), stomach (0.77%), heart (0.11%), brain (0.03%) and spleen (0. 02) %).
  • the lung targeting parameters were calculated according to the peak concentration (Cp) and the area under the curve (AUC) of docetaxel (see Table 1). From the perspective of targeting parameters, it was found that the lungs of the docetaxel liposomes prepared in this study were relatively The uptake rate Re was 28.91, which was significantly higher than other tissues and blood. The Re value is much larger than 1, indicating that the docetaxel is significantly encapsulated by the liposome carrier, thereby significantly increasing the targeting of the lung. Thus, it can be inferred that the liposome is more specific than the docetaxel injection. Docetaxel is delivered to the lungs.
  • Table 1 The enthalpy parameters of rabbits given docetaxel liposome and its injection after intravenous injection ;
  • A549 lung cancer cell line in good logarithmic growth phase was mixed with cells with 0.25% trypsin (1:250), and applied at 37 °C for 5 min; Repeat Blow the adherent cells, add an equal volume of medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum to prevent trypsin digestion; l Centrifuge at 5 rpm for 5 min; discard the supernatant and wash the pelleted cells 3 times with PBS; The cells were diluted to a cell concentration of 1 X 1 07 ce lls/mL; under sterile conditions, 3 1 06 A549 cells were subcutaneously inoculated into the back of each rat, and all inoculated nude mice were tumorigenic 10 days later.
  • Test group 18 nude mice were randomly divided into 6 groups, 3 in each group: group 1 was tumor control group, sterile saline was injected; group 2 was blank liposome group (B lank LP Group 3 was docetaxel injection group (12 mg/kg); group 4-6 was docetaxel liposome group (3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg). All the above groups were administered once at the tumor site on 0, 3, 6 and 9 days, and the administration volume was 0.2 mL, and the neck was removed after 48 hours of withdrawal.
  • the tumor tissue block was taken aseptically, placed in physiological saline, and cut into 1 leg tumor block on the ultra-clean table with ophthalmology. After anesthetizing the rabbit, cut the hair of the right chest, fix the supine position on the operating frame, disinfect the drape, (preferably under multi-slice spiral CT (MSCT) or medical thoracoscopy), along the right chest 4- 5 ribs
  • MSCT multi-slice spiral CT
  • the flat needle core is longer than the needle about 0. 3cm, the prepared tumor tissue block is placed, then the needle is removed, and the wound is treated (be careful not to leak, to prevent pneumothorax after surgery) ), and let the rabbit return to normal, ending the surgery.
  • One hundred and eight experimental rabbits were numbered and randomly divided into 10 groups, 10 in each group, and then randomly divided into 6 drug groups to observe the growth state of the tumors.
  • the first group (10) The blank control group, that is, no administration, only saline.
  • the second group (10) blank liposome group, ie no administration, only blank lipid suspension.
  • Group 4 Dosage on the 2nd day after surgery, docetaxel liposomes every 2 weeks, each 10 effective doses of 0.66 mg/kg were used, and at least three groups of low dose, medium dose and high dose were set.
  • Group 5 On the second day after surgery, docetaxel injection was given every one week at a dose (3.3 mg/kg).
  • the pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection of the present invention has obvious slow release characteristics, and after intravenous administration to rabbit, the majority of the drug dosage is administered by the liposome carrier. Delivery to the lungs indicates significant lung targeting.
  • the liposome prepared by the present invention having a particle diameter of 0.7 to 2. 0 ⁇ m and having a charge of -1 0 to -3 OmV can improve the therapeutic effect of the corresponding drug by 7. 8 - 15. 5 times, thereby achieving a reduction The purpose of its side effects.
  • the lung-targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection according to the invention is prepared by a solid dispersion technique combined with an effervescent dispersion technique, and the drug and the lipid material are highly dispersed in a solid precursor composed of a hydrophilic material and an acid source auxiliary material.
  • the liposome is then reconstituted with sodium bicarbonate or sodium carbonate solution during clinical use. Due to the rapid dissolution and collapse of the hydrophilic material and the acid source excipient, the simultaneous effervescent momentum of carbon dioxide promotes the formation of liposomes.
  • the preparation process is simple, and only conventional pharmaceutical equipment is needed, which is easy to realize industrial scale production.
  • the sterile pyrogen-free and organic residues of the liposome are easily controlled, and the highly toxic organic solvents such as chloroform and sterol used in the conventional liposome preparation method are avoided.
  • the liposome drug composition has a liposome particle size of 0.7 to 2.
  • ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ , and the particle Ze ta potential is -1 0 ⁇ -30 mV, which can meet the requirements of clinical intravenous injection to ensure drug safety.
  • the liposome suspension prepared by the conventional method is prevented from prone to drug leakage, liposome aggregation, and oxidation of the lipid material. Liposomes are more stable, have a longer shelf life, and have a stability of up to 2 years. The cost is low, and the quality of the drug-loaded pro-liposomes produced is controllable.
  • the drug-loaded liposome can deliver the majority of the administered drug to the lungs, while other tissues and organs are rarely distributed, so it has a very significant lung targeting effect. It is better used for the treatment of lung diseases, reducing systemic side effects, and is a well-targeted drug delivery platform for lung tissue for treating lung diseases.
  • a lung-targeted liposome technology platform To lay the foundation for the construction of a lung-targeted liposome technology platform, It provides theoretical basis for the development of lung-targeted liposomes with independent intellectual property rights, which will have important scientific significance and practical value.
  • Figure 1 is a transmission electron micrograph (70,000 times) of a lung-targeted liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection;
  • Figure 2 is a biodistribution map of docetaxel injection in rabbits;
  • Figure 3 is a graph showing the biodistribution of lung-targeted docetaxel liposomes for injection in rabbits.
  • Fig. 2 or 3 The columnar peaks in Fig. 2 or 3 respectively indicate that the active drugs in the animals are in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, respectively after administration of 0.25, 1.5, 4, 8, 24 h. The amount of kidney, stomach, and brain. As can be seen from Figure 3, at 0.25 hours, the drug was highest in the lungs. detailed description
  • Example 1 The first embodiment of the composition II of the present invention
  • pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: by mass concentration
  • (g/L) is 0.5, quickly inject the effervescent into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles with a syringe, shake vigorously for 6 minutes, then mix the two thoroughly, and configure the mixture to slowly instill into the patient. It is administered and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hookability, and the particle size and charge of the liposome are measured by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 1.12 ⁇ 0. 050 ⁇ ⁇ ; It is -23. 5mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 90%.
  • Example 2 Second embodiment of the composition II of the present invention
  • step d determining the main drug content of the docetaxel precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under aseptic conditions;
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: by mass concentration (g/L) is 0.1, quickly inject the effervescent into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles with a syringe, shake vigorously for 5 minutes, then mix the two thoroughly, and slowly dispense the patient with the configured mixture. The drug is administered and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hooking property, and the particle size and charge of the liposome are measured by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 1. 0 ⁇ 0. 045 ⁇ ⁇ ; For - 17mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 93%.
  • Example 3 The third embodiment of the composition II of the present invention
  • step d determining the main drug content of the docetaxel precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under aseptic conditions;
  • the above-mentioned lung-targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: According to the mass concentration (g/L) of 2.0, the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe. After vigorous shaking for 5 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hooking property, and the particle size and charge of the liposome are determined by a laser particle size analyzer, and the average particle diameter is 0. 787 ⁇ 0. 045 ⁇ ⁇ ; -24. 5mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 100%.
  • Example 4 Fourth Embodiment of Composition II of the Present Invention
  • step d determining the main drug content of the docetaxel precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under aseptic conditions;
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: 1. The mass concentration (g/L) is 0.1, and the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe. After vigorous shaking for 10 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours. The obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension was well-bonded, and the particle size and charge of the liposome were measured by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 0.968 ⁇ 0.075 ⁇ ; and the zeta potential of the particle was -21.5 mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 94%.
  • Example 5 The fifth embodiment of the composition II of the present invention:
  • step d determining the main drug content of the docetaxel precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under aseptic conditions;
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: According to the mass concentration (g/L) of 1.2, the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe, and vigorously vibrated. After shaking for 4 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • step d determining the main drug content of the drug-loaded precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under sterile conditions;
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: 1.
  • the mass concentration (g/L) is 0.1, and the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe. After vigorous shaking for 5 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hooking property, and the particle size and electric charge of the liposome are determined by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 0.98 ⁇ 0. 045 ⁇ ⁇ ; -17. 3mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 100%.
  • Example 7 Seventh embodiment of the composition II of the present invention
  • step d determining the main drug content of the drug-loaded precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under sterile conditions;
  • a 8% by weight aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate is prepared; a volume of solution of 0.3% of the activated carbon for injection, stirring and standing, using a microporous membrane with a pore size of 0. 18 ⁇ ⁇ to be sterile And pyrogen-free effervescent.
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used in such a manner that the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe at a mass concentration (g/L) of 1.5. After vigorous shaking for 3 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hookability, and the particle size and charge of the liposome are determined by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 1. 2 ⁇ 0. 062 ⁇ ⁇ ; -18. 6mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 100%.
  • Example 8 The first embodiment of the composition I of the present invention
  • Tannic acid And the above materials are dissolved in a mixed solvent of an appropriate amount of anhydrous ethanol and anhydrous ether, the volume ratio of anhydrous ethanol to anhydrous ether in a mixed solvent is 9: 1, to obtain a solution A;
  • the solution B is removed by a closed-flow spray drying device to obtain a powdered drug-loaded precursor liposome
  • step d determining the main drug content of the drug-loaded precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under sterile conditions;
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: According to the mass concentration (g/L) of 0.2, the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe, and vigorously vibrated. After shaking for 3 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension had good hookability, and the particle size and charge of the liposome were measured by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 1.2 ⁇ 0.062 ⁇ ; and the Zeta potential of the particle was -19.9 mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 95%.
  • Example 9 Second embodiment of the composition I of the present invention
  • the solution B is removed by a closed-flow spray drying device to obtain a powdered drug-loaded precursor liposome
  • step d determining the main drug content of the drug-loaded precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under sterile conditions;
  • the above-mentioned pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: according to the mass concentration (g/L) of 1.0, the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe, After vigorous shaking for 4 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hooking property, and the particle size and electric charge of the liposome are measured by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 0.75 ⁇ 0. 035 ⁇ ⁇ ; the particle Ze ta potential It is -18. 2mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 100%.
  • Example 1 0 Eighth embodiment of the composition II of the present invention
  • step d determining the main drug content of the drug-loaded precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the loading, and in the sterile strip Sub-package;
  • the sterilized microporous membrane with a pore size of 0.22 ⁇ m was used to prepare the sterilized solution. And pyrogen-free effervescent.
  • the above-mentioned lung-targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: according to the mass concentration (g/L) of 0.2, the effervescent agent is rapidly injected into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles by a syringe, After vigorous shaking for 7 minutes, the two were thoroughly mixed, and the patient was slowly instilled with the formulated mixture and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hookability, and the particle size and charge of the liposome are determined by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 0.95 ⁇ 0. 055 ⁇ ⁇ ; -22. 7mV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 85 %.
  • Example 11 Nineth embodiment of the composition II of the present invention
  • step d determining the main drug content of the drug-loaded precursor liposome obtained in step c, determining the dosage, and dispensing under sterile conditions;
  • pulmonary targeting liposome pharmaceutical composition for injection is used as follows: by mass concentration
  • (g/L) is 0.8, quickly inject the effervescent into the drug-loaded precursor liposome particles with a syringe, shake vigorously for 7 minutes, then mix the two thoroughly, and slowly dispense the patient with the configured mixture.
  • the drug is administered and used within 8 hours.
  • the obtained docetaxel precursor liposome suspension has good hooking property, and the particle size and electric charge of the liposome are measured by a laser particle size analyzer to obtain an average particle diameter of 1. 05 ⁇ 0. 055 ⁇ ⁇ ; For -20. lmV. No crystallization of the main drug was observed under the 1000-fold oil mirror, and the encapsulation efficiency was close to 95%.
  • Example 12 Pharmacodynamic evaluation
  • the anti-tumor effect of the composition of Example 1, ie, docetaxel liposome, on nude mice bearing A549 lung tumors was obtained through experiments and calculations.
  • the ED50 is about 9.6 times.
  • the ED50 of the docetaxel is about 1. 6 times.
  • the anti-tumor effect of docetaxel liposome on rabbit VX2 lung cancer was obtained by experiments and calculations.
  • the effect of docetaxel liposome was increased by about 15.5 times than that of docetaxel injection.
  • Example 6 The antitumor effect of the composition of Example 6, i.e., paclitaxel liposome on A549 lung tumor mice, was obtained by experiments and calculations, and the difference between paclitaxel injection and paclitaxel liposome was about 7.8 times.
  • the paclitaxel effect of paclitaxel liposome on in situ rabbit VX2 lung cancer was obtained by experiment and calculation.
  • the therapeutic effect of paclitaxel liposome was improved by about 10. 7 times compared with paclitaxel injection.

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Description

注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及医药载体给药技术领域, 具体是一种具有高度肺靶向给药特 性的用于治疗肺部疾病的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物; 本发明还涉及所 述药物组合物的制备方法。 背景技术
脂质体是指一种具有类似生物膜结构的双分子层小嚢。 它是磷脂分散在 水中自然形成的多层嚢泡, 每层均为脂质的双分子层; 嚢泡中央和各层之间 被水相隔开, 双分子层厚度约为 4 目前, 脂质体已作为一种药剂学最有前 途的定向给药载体剂型, 属于组织器官靶向给药系统的一种新剂型, 也被称 为生物导弹。 它可以将药物粉末或溶液包埋在直径为纳米级或者微米级的微 粒中, 这种微粒具有类细胞结构, 进入生物体内改变被包封药物的体内分布 行为, 使药物主要被送到病灶的组织器官, 减少非病灶组织器官的分布, 从 而达到提高药物的疗效, 降低药物毒副作用的目的。
脂质体作为药物的载体具有緩释、 靶向、 低毒、 提高药物稳定性及改善 药物动力学特性等优点。 然而普通脂质体进入生物体内主要被网状内皮系统 吞噬而激活机体的自身免疫功能, 并改变被包封药物的体内分布行为, 使药 物主要在肝、 脾和骨髓等网状内皮系统吞组织器官中, 对其它组织器官靶向 性差。 近年来, 也有许多针对组织器官的靶向性脂质体研究, 但是, 国内外 脂质体制剂的上市产品迄今仍屈指可数; 更多的是停留在实验室阶段, 就其 主要原因是: ①脂质体制剂的制备工艺不易于工业化生产; ②脂质体混悬液 在贮存期间易发生聚集、 融合及药物渗漏, 尤其水溶性药物的渗漏更显著; 同时, 天然磷脂易氧化、 水解, 难以满足药物制剂稳定性的要求。 ③有机残 留问题难以解决。
在我国, 肺癌, 肺结核, 肺部感染等疾病发病率较高, 且以快速递增趋 势发展。 在肺部疾病的治疗中, 肺靶向给药显得非常重要, 这是因为靶向治 疗能够将药物直接传递到肺组织, 使肺部形成高浓度达到提高疗效, 降低副 作用、 减少耐药性的效果。
目前, 国内外肺靶向给药传递系统研究主要集中在三个方面:
(1) 基于肺毛细血管丰富, 肺泡表面积大, 利用肺毛细血管机械性滤取 方式的给药研究。 例如, Huo等采用溶剂挥发法, 以聚乳酸-聚羟基乙酸共聚 物为辅材制备的顺铂肺靶向微球, 平均粒径为 12. 8 μ πι, 其中 98%的微球粒径 在 5-30 μ m之间, 家兔耳缘静脉给药 15分钟后, 肺部顺铂浓度为 212 μ g/g , 而对照组仅为 1. 37 g/g。 同法, 阎洲等制备了紫杉醇肺靶向微球, 平均粒径 为 9. 65 μ πι, 87. 18%的微球在 5-15 μ πι之间, 小鼠尾静脉给药后, 药物在肺中 分布显著增加。 张娜等, 采用乳化交联法制备炎琥宁明胶微球, 平均粒径为 17. 14 μ ηι, 实验结果表明, 该明胶微球具有一定的肺靶向性。
(2) 基于粒径大小方式的给药研究。 例如, Ke l laway和 Farr认为, 大于 2 μ πι的脂质体, 有趋肺性, 大于 6 μ πι, 通常被肺部的最小毛细血管床以机械 滤过方式截留, 被单核白细胞摄取进入肺组织或肺气泡。 王健松等利用旋转 薄膜一冻融法制备肺靶向阿奇霉素脂质体, 平均粒径为 6. 58 μ ιη, 表面电荷为 +19. 5mV, 鼠尾静脉给药后, 在肺部的滞留时问明显延长, AUC值约为阿奇霉 素溶液的 8. 4倍。
(3) 基于固体脂质纳米粒修饰方式的给药研究。 例如, Wol fgang 和
Ka r s t en认为,聚合物修饰的固体脂质纳米粒能减少内皮网状吞噬系统对药物 的摄取, 从而延长药物在体循环的时间, Mul ler等发现采用 F68修饰后的固 体脂质纳米粒确实有上述作用; Zara, Serrano等采用大豆卵磷脂修饰的固体 脂质纳米粒( 80 ± 5 μ m ) 不仅能增加药物在血浆 AUC面积, 同时还能提高药 物在肺部的浓度, 与对照组相比, 大约能增加 30%。, 认为是碑脂作为一种肺 泡表面活性剂, 很容易被肺泡壁吸收。 Xiang等采用 F68修饰的肺靶向地塞米 松月旨质纳米粒, 粒径为 552 ± 6. 5nm, 小鼠尾静脉给药后, 与对照组比较, 药 物在肺部的浓度是对照组的 17. 8倍。
从以上文献资料可知 , 国内外研究肺靶向给药系统中存在这样一些问题: ①因粒径太大, 静脉给药安全性有可能得不到保障; ②肺特异靶向性不够高, 在增加肺药物浓度的同时也增加了肝脾的药物浓度, 有可能对肝脾产生毒副 作用; ③除了经典的肺部的毛细血管床以机械滤过方式截留作为靶向外, 其 余肺靶向机制尚未清楚。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有非常显著的肺靶向作用的、 粒径小而均匀、 具有带负电荷的物理特性、 安全性与稳定性均好的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物 组合物; 本发明还涉及制备所述药物组合物的方法。
本发明所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 由给药前分装的载药前 体脂质体固相颗粒或粉末和泡腾剂组成; 其中载药前体脂质体固相颗粒或粉 末按重量份计为组合物 I或组合物 II:
( 1 )组合物 I
活性药物 0. 001 10 磷脂类脂质 0. 5 ~ 30 胆固醇类脂质 0. 25 - 15 酸型载体 25 - 90 表面活性剂 0. 1 ~ 30
( 2 )组合物 II
在组合物 I中, 按重量份计加入附加剂 0. 1 ~ 10;
( 3 ) 由组合物 I或组合物 II与泡腾剂按质量浓度(g/L)为 0. 1-2配制成 注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其粒径为 0. 7 ~ 2. 0 μ πι, 粒子 Zeta电位为 - 10——30mV。
上述的活性药物为治疗肺癌的药物。 可选自多烯紫杉醇、 紫杉醇、 唑来 膦酸、 顺铂、 阿霉素、 拓朴替康、 足叶乙甙或环磷酰胺等。
上述的活性药物为抗肺结核药物。 选自利福平、 利福喷丁或异烟肼等。 上述的活性药物为治疗肺炎的药物。 选自氧氟沙星、 利巴韦林、 青霉素 或头孢类等。
上述 脂类脂质选自卵磷脂、 豆磷脂、 氢化大豆卵磷脂、 磷脂酰乙醇胺、 合成磷脂酰丝氨酸、 磷脂酰肌醇、 神经鞘磷脂、 蛋磷脂酰胆碱、 二鲸蟠碑脂、 二肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、 二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、 聚乙二醇化磷脂类似物中的聚 乙二醇化二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺、 甲氧基聚乙二醇化二硬脂酰磷脂酰乙醇胺, 以及由叶酸等配体修饰的聚乙二醇化磷脂类似物。
上述的胆固醇类脂质选自胆固醇、 胆固醇乙酰酯、 胆笛醇半琥珀酸酯、 β-谷甾醇、 胆固醇硬脂酸酯、 胆固醇棕榈酸酯、 单甲基聚乙二醇-胆固醇及 叶酸等配体修饰的聚乙二醇-胆固醇。 上述的表面活性剂选自吐温系列、 蔗糖脂肪酸酯、 聚氧乙烯型的非离子 表面活性剂中的聚氧乙烯单油酸酯、 聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油及聚氧乙烯烷基醚。
上述述的酸型载体选自枸橼酸或 /和酒石酸等有机酸或者无机酸。
上述的附加剂为抗氧剂或 /和固体分散载体; 其中抗氧剂为水溶性或 /和 脂溶性的抗氧剂, 选自维生素 E或 /和维生素 C; 固体分散载体选自甘露醇, 葡萄糖, 山梨醇以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
上述泡腾剂是重量百分比浓度为 2-10的碳酸氢钠水溶液或碳酸钠水溶 液。
本发明所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的制备方法, 包括以下步 骤:
( 1 )按配比将组合物 I或除附加剂外的组合物 II的其它物质溶于适量无 水乙醇或者无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂, 得到溶液 A , 其中混合溶剂中无 水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 7-9: 3-1;
( 2 ) 向溶液 A中加入其体积的 0. 1 ~ 1. 0%的活性炭, 搅拌静置, 釆用孔 径小于或等于 0. 22 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
( 3 )将溶液 Β加热除去有机溶剂即得固相载药前体脂质体颗粒或粉末; 当组合物存在附加剂时, 在无菌条件下, 将无菌附加剂加入溶液 Β中, 然后 加热除去有机溶剂, 得固相载药前体脂质体颗粒或粉末;
( 4 ) 测定步骤(3 )组合物中的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条件下 分装;
( 5 ) 配制泡腾剂: 配制重量百分比浓度为 2-10的碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠水 溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 1 ~ 1. 0%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径小于或 等于 0. 22μηι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的泡腾剂。
本发明上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法是这样的: 按质 量浓度 (g/L)为 0. 1 ~ 2 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体固体粉 末或者颗粒中, 用力振摇使两者充分混合, 配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给 药, 并在 8小时以内使用。
本发明载药前体脂质体及其重组后载药脂质体混悬液的理化性质和生物 学性质 (根据具体实施方式中实施例 1和 6的载药前体脂质体及其重组后药物 脂质体混悬液) : 一、 体外评价
[成品性状]
本品为白色或者类白色固体颗粒或粉末。
[水合分散性]
本品用碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠溶液重组时, 会产生大量二氧化碳气体, 振摇 几分钟后气泡消失, 形成均匀性良好的乳白色混悬液。
[稳定性]
1. 固相载药前体脂质体固体颗粒或者粉末的稳定性:
( 1 )影响因素试验, 将样品裸露于高温 60°C, 光照 4500 ± 500LX 10天质量 稳定, 而高湿 ( RH = 75 % 士 5% ) 10天, 增重大于 5 % , 脂质体成球性不好, 药 物有析晶, 因此必须严格控制产品的水分含量。
( 2 )加速试验, 模拟上市包装, 在高温 25°C , RH = 75 % 士 5%条件下考查 6 个月, 质量不稳定。
( 3) 长期试验, 模拟上市包装, 在 4- 8°C真空条件下考查 24个月, 质量稳 定。
2.脂质体混悬液, 室温放置 8小时无沉淀, 质量稳定。
[粒径分布与电荷测定]
按照临床使用要求, 用 5% (重量百分比)葡萄糖溶液泡腾 100倍后, 采 用激光粒度分析仪测定脂质体粒径及电荷, 得平均粒径为 1.12 ± 0.050 μ m; 粒子 Zeta电位为 -10~- 30mV。
[形态学考察]
按照临床使用要求, 用 5% (重量百分比) 葡萄糖溶液稀幹后, 采用透射 电镜测定, 可见脂质体分散性良好和粒径分布均勾 (见附图 1 ) 。
[包封率测定]
先 1000倍油镜下观察有无难溶性药物结晶, 分別釆用高速离心或者透析 法, 包封率均大于 90%。
[溶血性试验]
兔耳缘静脉取血 10 ~ 20 ml, 用玻棒搅拌除去纤维蛋白, 取除去纤维蛋白 血 10 ml, 加生理盐水 10 ml, 离心, 弃上清液, 如是离心洗涤 2 ~ 3次, 使上 清液不呈红色为止。 然后按血球体积, 用生理盐水配成 2%的混悬液。 取试管 6支, 按表 1排列先后加人各种溶液。 第 6管为对照管。 各管摇匀, 放置在 37 °C 恒温箱中。 记录 1、 2、 3、 24h的结果, 如果溶液变清, 并染有红色, 显 史镜 下观察有红细胞破裂者, 即表示溶血。
Figure imgf000007_0001
[安全性试验]
称取含有多烯紫杉醇药物的前体脂质体粉末, 用 5 % (重量百分比) 的碳 酸氢钠溶液重组的 1 0ml脂质体混悬液(约有 1. 2mg多烯紫杉醇) , 从兔子耳缘 静脉緩慢注入, 连续用药 10天, 兔子尚未出现热原反应和耳缘静脉血管无异 常现象。
[结果]
注射用肺靶向脂质体按临床给药剂量无溶血作用, 对家兔耳缘静脉未见 明显刺激作用, 对兔子尚未出现热原反应, 这些表明注射用肺靶向脂质体给 药是安全的。
二、 体内评价
1. 生物学行为研究
釆用药代动力学方法, 探讨本发明组合物的高度肺靶向的机制。
( 1 ) 动物
本研究所用动物为 55只健康新西兰大白兔 (雌性各半) , 体重为 1. 95至 2. 05kg , 由重庆医科大学试验动物中心提供, 动物可以自由进食和饮水。 根 据中华人民共和国实验动物使用规定, 重庆医科大学动物伦理实验委员会批 准了本课题所涉及的动物实验, 试验结束后, 兔子均釆用注射至死。
( 2 ) 试验设计
将 55只兔子随机分成 1 1组,每组 5只,然后又分成 3个给药组。给药组 1 ( 1-5 组) , 以每公斤体重 2mg多烯紫杉醇剂量从兔耳缘静脉给与多烯紫杉醇脂质 体混悬液, 给药组 2 ( 6-10组) , 给与等剂量的多烯紫杉醇注射液, 其中给药 组 1 ( 1-4组)和给药组 2 ( 6- 9组) , 给药后 0. 25, 1. 5, 4, 8 , 24h处死。 而 给药组 1 (5组) 和给药组 2 (10组) , 给药后, 0.083, 0.5, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 , 12, 24 h从耳缘静脉采血。 同时, 在最后采血完后, 立即处死。 给药 组 3 (11组) 不给药, 作为空白血浆和组织。 血样经 5000转 /分钟离心 5分钟, 分离血浆; 兔子处死后, 取出心, 肝, 脾, 肺, 腎, 胃和脑组织, 将组织表 面水吸干后准确称重, 然后以每 1 g加 2ml生理盐水进行勾浆处理。
( 3 ) 生物样品的处理
分别取空白血浆及心、 肝、 脾、 肺、 肾、 胃、 脑勾浆样品, 精密加入不 同量多系紫杉醇储备液, 配制成最终浓度在 0.02525 μ g/ml-101 μ g/ml范围, 制备标准曲线。 药物从组织和血浆中萃取是通过加曱醇 /2M 醋酸铵(l: 2 v/v) 混合液沉淀蛋白而实现的。 1 ml 血浆或组织, 加 50μ 1 ( 50 μ g/ml ) 的紫杉 醇内标曱醇溶液, 再加 3ml混合液涡旋 5分钟, 并在 40 °C水浴超声处理 10分钟, 然后 12000转 /分钟离心 5分钟, 将溶液转移到试管中, 用水稀释约 4倍, 然后 緩慢加到预先用 2ml甲醇和 2ml 0.01M醋酸铵緩冲液活化了的固相萃取小柱(安 捷伦, 0DSC18柱) , 当样品溶液上完后, 依次用 2ml 0.01M醋酸铵緩冲液, 2ml 甲醇 /0.01M醋酸铵緩冲液( 1: 9v/v) , 2ml 甲醇 /0.01M醋酸铵緩冲液( 2: 8v/v) 冲洗, 然后真空条件下干燥约 1分钟。 之后用 2ml乙腈 /甲醇( 1: lv/v) 混合液将药物洗脱出来。并在 40°C下氮气挥干有机溶剂,用流动相 0.2ml复溶, 12000转 /分钟离心 5分钟, 取上清液 20μ 1进 HPLC测定。 血浆或组织中药物浓 度通过相应的标准曲线在 Excel软件下计算。
(4) 药代动力学分析
用中国药理学协会提供的 3P97软件, 将药物浓度 -时间数据进行一系列 模型拟合计算药代动力学参数。 根据相关系数和 AIC标准值确定最佳药代动力 学模型, 并计算药代动力学参数。 计算三个主要靶向参数(Re, Te and Ce) 来评价多烯紫杉醇肺靶向特征。 试验数据的统计学差异用 SPSS 11.0单向方 差分析判断。
( 5 ) 结果
肺中的生物分布评价
由图 2和图 3可知, 多烯紫杉醇脂质体和注射液在兔体内分布分布具有 显著性差异。 对于多烯紫杉醇注射液(图 2) , 给药后 0.25 h后体内药物浓 度分布从高到低依次为肾, 肺, 胃, 脾, 肝, 心和脑, 其中肺部药物浓度为 7. 63ug/g , 然而, 4小时后, 脾脏药物浓度增加至最大, 随着又缓慢降低, 而 其余组织, 虽时间延长, 浓度不断减少, 说明了脾具有一个吸收的过程。
图 3显示了从兔耳缘静脉给与多烯紫杉醇脂质体后, 脂质体能将多烯紫 杉醇主要传递至肺部, 肺部的药物浓度(51 0. 20 g/g, 0. 25 h)显著高于其 他组织。 与紫杉醇注射液比, 静脉给与多烯紫杉醇脂质体后 0. 25小时, 肺部 药物浓度从 7. 6 3 g/ g 增加到 51 0. 20 μ §/ §。 根据兔各组织重量及其药物浓 度( μ g/ g )计算, 经兔耳缘静脉用药后 0. 25小时, 脂质体载体能将 9 3. 6% 的多浠紫杉醇递送到肺部, 而少量传至肝 ( 5. 1 7% )、 肾 ( 1 . 1 0% )、 胃( 0. 87% )、 心 ( 0. 21 % )、 脑 ( 0. 03% )和脾 (0. 02%) 。
根据多烯紫杉醇的峰浓度 ( Cp )和曲线下面积 ( AUC )计算肺靶向参数 (见 表 1 ) , 从靶向参数角度分析发现, 本研究制备的多烯紫杉醇脂质体的肺部相 对摄取率 Re为 28. 91 , 显著高于其他组织和血液。 Re值远远大于 1 , 表明了多 烯紫杉醇被脂质体载体包裹后, 显著增加了肺的靶向性, 由此, 可以推断, 与多烯紫杉醇注射液比, 该脂质体更能特异性地将多烯紫杉醇传递到肺部。
表 1兔静脉给以多烯紫杉醇脂质体及其注射液后的耙向参数 ;
Tissue AUC ( g.h /ml or g) 1 e
Reb Ratio of Te d
sample Liposomes Injection Liposome Injection
Plasma 0.17 0.32 0.53 14286.18 262.50 54.42 1.04
Heart 198.00 188.60 1.05 12.27 0.45 27.27 0.86
Liver 490.32 53.55 9.10 4.96 1.57 3.16 2.93
Spleen 285.39 224.88 1.27 8.51 0.37 23.00 1.09
Lung 2428.65 84.00 28.91 1.00 1.00 1.00 74.28
Kidney 132.18 126.64 1.04 18.37 0.66 27.83 1.41
Stomach 278.00 112.00 2.48 8.74 0.75 11.65 0.69
Brain 16.40 4.80 3.42 148.09 17.50 8.46 0.29
These values are arithmetic means. n=
osomes
c Te = (AUC)luilg targeted / (AUC)untargeted'
Ratio of Te— Te(iipOSOmes)/Te(injection).
Ce― Cmax{liposomes) / Cmax(injection).
2.棵鼠模型的药效学评价
(1 )荷瘤棵鼠模型的建立: 取处于对数生长期状态良好的 A549肺癌细胞 林, 用 0. 25%胰蛋白酶( 1 : 250 )与细胞混合, 在 37 °C作用 5min; 用吸管反复 吹打贴壁的细胞, 加等体积含 1 0%胎牛血清的培养基以阻止胰蛋白酶的消化作 用; l OOOrpm离心 5m in; 弃去上清液, 用 PBS将沉淀细胞洗涤 3次; 计数细胞并 将其稀释至细胞浓度为 1 X 1 07 ce l l s/mL; 在无菌条件下, 每只棵鼠背部皮下 接种 3 1 06个 A549细胞, 1 0天后所有接种的裸鼠均成瘤。
(2)试验分组: 取 18只成瘤裸鼠, 随机分为 6组, 每组 3只: 组 1为肿 瘤对照组, 注射无菌生理盐水; 组 2为空白脂质体组 (B lank LP ) ; 组 3为 多烯紫杉醇注射液组(12mg/kg ) ; 组 4-6为多烯紫杉醇脂质体组 (3mg/kg , 6mg/kg和 12mg/kg ) 。 以上各组均在 0、 3、 6和 9天于肿瘤部位给药 1次, 给药体积均为 0. 2mL , 停药后 48h脱颈推处死。
3.原位兔 VX2肺癌模型的药效学评价
(1)构建模型: 无菌取肿瘤组织块, 置于生理盐水中, 在超净台上用眼科 剪剪成 1腿的肿瘤小块备用。 将兔麻醉后, 剪去右胸部的毛发, 仰卧位固定于 手术架, 消毒铺巾, (最好在多排螺旋 CT ( MSCT )或内科胸腔镜直视下) , 沿右胸部 4- 5肋间, 以无菌注射器针头作穿刺针, 平头针芯长于针头约 0. 3cm, 将准备好的肿瘤组织块置入, 随即拔针, 处理伤口 (注意一定不要漏气, 以 防术后引起气胸) , 并让兔恢复正常, 结束手术。
(2)方案设计: 根据棵鼠 A549肺癌模型实验结果, 结合临床情况, 特拟定 本项目实验方案设计。 随机均分成 5组, (A)空白对照组; (B)多烯紫杉醇注射 液对照组 (每三周用药一次); (C)多烯紫杉醇脂质体组 (每三周用药一次); (D) 多烯紫杉醇注射液对照组 (每周用药一次); (E) 多烯紫杉醇脂质体 组 (每周 用药一次); 给药后每周对胸部进行层宽、 层厚均为 5匪 的 CT扫描, 观察肿瘤 生长情况。 具体方案如下:
将 1 00只实验兔编号, 随机分成 1 0小组, 每组 10只, 然后随机分成 6个给 药组, 分别观察肿瘤的生长状态。
第一组 (10只) : 空白对照组即, 不给药, 只给生理盐水。
第二组 (10只) : 空白脂质体组, 即不给药, 只给空白脂质混悬液。 第三组(30只) : 手术后第 2天用药, 每周给予多烯紫杉醇脂质体, 每 10 只分别用有效剂量 0. 66 mg/kg , 至少设置低剂量、 中剂量、 高剂量三个组。
第四组 (30只) : 手术后第 2天用药, 每 2周给予多烯紫杉醇脂质体, 每 10只分别用有效剂量 0. 66 mg/kg , 至少设置低剂量、 中剂量、 高剂量三个组。 第五组 (10只) : 手术后第二天, 每 1周给予多烯紫杉醇注射液, 剂量 ( 3. 3mg/kg ) 。
第六组(10只) : 手术后第二天, 每 2周给予多烯紫杉醇注射液, 有效剂 量 ( 6. 6rag/kg ) 。
通过上述建模及实验证明, 本发明注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物具有 明显的緩慢释药特性, 其在兔静脉给药后, 所给药物剂量的绝大部分被脂质 体载体传递至肺部, 表明了具有明显的肺靶向作用。 本发明所制备的粒径 0. 7 ~ 2. 0 μ m且带电荷为 -1 0 ~ - 3 OmV的脂质体确实可提高相应药物的疗效 7. 8 - 15. 5倍, 从而达到降低其副作用的目的。
本发明所述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物采用固体分散技术结合泡腾 分散技术制备, 将药物和脂质材料高度分散在亲水性材料和酸源辅料中构成 的固体状前体脂质体, 然后在临床使用时 , 用碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠溶液重组, 由于亲水性材料和酸源辅料的迅速溶解坍塌, 与此同时产生的二氧化碳泡腾 冲力促使脂质体的形成, 其制备工艺简便, 只需常规制药设备, 易于实现工 业化规模生产。
脂质体的无菌无热原及有机残留易控制, 避免了常规脂质体制备方法所 用的氯仿, 曱醇等强毒性的有机溶剂。
由于药物和脂质材料高度分散在载体材料中, 同时在用碳酸氢钠或碳酸 钠溶液重组时, 借助二氧化碳产生的冲力而使得到的脂质体粒径分布更均匀, 所得注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物中脂质体粒径 0. 7 ~ 2. Ο μ ηι, 粒子 Ze ta电 位为 -1 0 ~ -30mV , 能满足临床静脉注射剂要求,确保用药安全。
由于载药前体脂质体是以干燥固态的形式存在, 避免了常规方法制备的 脂质体混悬液易发生药物泄漏、 脂质体聚集、 脂质材料的氧化等问题。 脂质 体稳定性更好, 有效期更长, 稳定性可达 2 年。 其成本^^廉, 生产的载药前 体脂质体质量可控。
与普通注射剂静脉给药后相比, 该载药脂质体能把所给剂量药物的绝大 部分传递至肺部, 而其它组织器官的分布极少, 故具有非常显著的肺靶向作 用, 能够更好地用于肺部疾病的治疗, 降低全身毒副作用, 是一种治疗肺部 疾病良好的肺组织靶向给药载体。 为构建肺靶向脂质体技术平台奠定基础, 为开发具有自主知识产权的肺靶向脂质体提供理论依据, 这将具有重要的科 学意义和实用价值。 附图说明
图 1为注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的透射电镜照片 (7万倍); 图 2为多烯紫杉醇注射液在兔体内的生物分布图;
图 3为注射用肺靶向多烯紫杉醇脂质体在兔体内的生物分布图。
在附图 2或 3中的柱状峰值分别代表给药 0.25, 1.5, 4, 8, 24 h后动 物体内的活性药物分别在心(heart )、肝( liver)、脾(spleen)、肺( lung) 肾(kidney) 、 胃 (stomach)及脑 (brain) 的依次分布量。 由图 3 可见, 在 0.25小时时, 药物在肺部分布最高。 具体实施方式
实施例 1: 本发明组合物 II的第 1实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
多烯紫杉醇
二鲸蜡碑脂
氢化大豆卵磷脂
胆固醇
吐温- 80
枸橼酸
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇中, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0.5%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0.22μπι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 3mg的聚乙烯吡洛烷酮溶液 B中, 然后采用一般的 机械搅拌下减压加热除去有机溶剂, 得到固体颗粒状的载药前体脂质体; d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装。
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 4的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0.5%的注 射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 釆用孔径为 0.22μπι的鼓孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和 无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度
(g/L)为 0. 5 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 6分钟后使两者充分混合, 配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小时 以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 1. 12 ± 0. 050 μ πι;粒子 Ze ta电位为 -23. 5mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 90 %。 实施例 2 : 本发明组合物 II的第 2实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
多烯紫杉醇 0. 1 mg
大豆卵磷脂 1 5 mg
磷脂酰丝氨酸 8 mg
胆固醇 1 0 mg
吐温 - 80 20 mg
酒石酸 60 mg
枸橼酸 1 0 mg
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇中, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0. 1 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0. 15 μ ηι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 2mg的维生素 E、 5rag的甘露醇及 3mg的聚乙烯咯 烷酮加入溶液 B 中, 然后釆用一般的机械搅拌下减压除去有机溶剂, 得到固 体颗粒状的多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在 无菌条件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 2的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 1%的注 射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 釆用孔径为 0. 15 μ πι的 £孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和 无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 0. 1 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 5分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷, 得平均粒径为 1. 0 ± 0. 045 μ πι; 粒子 Ze ta电位为 - 17mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 93 % 。 实施例 3 : 本发明组合物 II的第 3实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
多烯紫杉醇 8 mg
卵磷脂 30 mg
β-谷甾醇 1 5 mg
吐温 - 80 15 mg
酒石酸 25 mg
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂中, 混合溶剂 中无水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 7 : 3 , 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0. 3 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0. 18 μ m的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 B;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 5mg的维生素 E加入溶液 B中, 然后采用密闭循环 的喷雾千燥装置除去有机溶剂, 得到粉末状的多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步驟所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在 无菌条件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 8%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 3%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 18 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 2. 0 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 5分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。 所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷, 得平均粒径为 0. 787 ± 0. 045 μ πι; 粒子 Zeta 电位为 -24. 5mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 100 % 。 实施例 4 : 本发明组合物 II的第 4实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
多烯紫杉醇 0. 1 mg
磷脂酰丝氨酸 5 mg
大豆卵磷脂 20 mg
胆固醇乙酰酯 0. 25 mg
吐温- 80 1 mg
枸橼酸 25 mg
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂中, 混合溶剂 中无水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 9: 1 , 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 1 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 10 μ m的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 B;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 lmg的维生素 E和 lmg的山梨醇加入溶液 B中, 然 后釆用密闭循环的喷雾干燥装置除去有机溶剂, 得到粉末状的多烯紫杉醇前 体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步驟所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在 无菌条件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 1%的注 射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. Ι θμηι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无 热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 0. 1, 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 10分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。 所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷, 得平均粒径为 0.968 ± 0.075 μπι; 粒子 Zeta 电位为 -21.5mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 94 %。 实施例 5: 本发明组合物 II的第 5实施例:
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
多烯紫杉醇 1.2 rag
氢化大豆卵磷脂 10 mg
胆固醇 10 mg
吐温 - 80 10 mg
酒石酸 5 mg
枸橼酸 20 mg
并将上述各物质溶于无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂中, 混合溶剂中无 水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 8: 2, 得到 8% (mg/ml ) 的溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0.8%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0.22 μιη的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 7mg的维生素 E加入溶液 B中, 然后采用一般的机 械搅拌下减压除去有机溶剂, 得到颗粒状的多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步驟所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在 无菌条件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0.8%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0.22 μηι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 1.2, 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 4分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 0.78士 0.075 μπι;粒子 Zeta电位为 -16.3mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 97%。 实施例 6 : 本发明组合物 II的第 6实施例:
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
紫杉醇 0. 001 mg
大豆卵磷脂 15 mg
胆固醇 10 mg
吐温 - 80 30 mg
酒石酸 60 mg
枸橼酸 10 mg
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇中, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0. 1 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0. 15 μ m的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 B;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 10mg的维生素 E加入溶液 B中, 然后釆用一般的 机械搅拌下减压除去有机溶剂 , 得到固体颗粒状的载药前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 2%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 1%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 15 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 0. 1, 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 5分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 0. 98 士 0. 045 μ πι;粒子 Zeta电位为 -17. 3mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 100 % 。 实施例 7 : 本发明组合物 II的第 7实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
德氮吡格 氢化大豆卵磷月
胆固醇
吐温 - 80
酒石酸
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂中, 混合溶剂 中无水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 7: 3 , 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0. 3 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0. 18 μ m的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 B;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 5mg的维生素 E加入溶液 B中 , 然后采用密闭循环 的喷雾干燥装置除去有机溶剂, 得到粉末状的载药前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 8%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 3%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 18 μ η的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 1. 5, 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 3分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 1. 2 ± 0. 062 μ ηι;粒子 Zeta电位为 -18. 6mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 100 % 。 实施例 8 : 本发明组合物 I的第 1实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
阿奇霉素
卵磷脂
胆甾醇半琥珀酸酉
吐温- 80
枸橼酸 并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂中, 混合溶剂 中无水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 9: 1, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 1%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. ΙΟμπι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
c、 将溶液 B采用密闭循环的喷雾干燥装置除去有机溶剂, 得到粉末状的 载药前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 1%的注 射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 釆用孔径为 0. Ι μιη的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无 热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 0.2, 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 3分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 1.2 ± 0.062 μπι;粒子 Zeta电位为 -19.9mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 95%。 实施例 9: 本发明组合物 I的第 2实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
利巴韦林
磷脂酰乙醇胺
胆固醇
吐温 - 80
酒石酸
枸橼酸
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂中, 混合溶剂 中无水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 8: 2, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0.8%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 釆用孔径 为 0. 20 μ m的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 B;
c、 将溶液 B采用密闭循环的喷雾干燥装置除去有机溶剂, 得到粉末状的 载药前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 5%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 8%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 20 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 1. 0 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 4分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 0. 75 士 0. 035 μ ιη;粒子 Ze ta电位为 -18. 2mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 1 00 % 。 实施例 1 0: 本发明组合物 II的第 8实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
异烟肼 0. 1 mg
氢化大豆卵磷脂 2 mg
β-谷甾醇 9 mg
吐温- 80 18 mg
枸橼酸 40 mg
酒石酸 35 mg
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇中, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0. 2 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0. 22μπι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
c、 在无菌条件下, 将 9mg的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮加入溶液 B中, 然后采用一 般的机械搅拌下减压除去有机溶剂, 得到颗粒状的载药前体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 7%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 2%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 22 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。
上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度 (g/L)为 0. 2 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 7分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 0. 95 士 0. 055 μ ιη;粒子 Zeta电位为 -22. 7mV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 85 % 。 实施例 11 : 本发明组合物 II的第 9实施例
a、 按以下重量份配比称取下列物质:
利福喷丁 0. 5 mg
卵磷脂 1. 5 mg
胆固醇棕榈酸酯 0. 3 mg
吐温- 80 0. 5 mg
酒石酸 30 mg
并将上述各物质溶于适量无水乙醇中, 得到溶液 A;
b、 向溶液 A中加入其体积 0. 6 %的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径 为 0. 22μηι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
c、 在无菌条件下, 分别将 lmg的维生素 C和 lmg的维生素 C加入溶液 B 中, 然后采用密闭循环的喷雾干燥装置除去有机溶剂, 得到粉末状的载药前 体脂质体;
d、 测定 c步骤所得载药前体脂质体的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条 件下分装;
e、 配制重量百分比浓度为 2%的碳酸氢钠水溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 6%的 注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径为 0. 22 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌 和无热原的泡腾剂。 上述注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的使用方法这样的: 按质量浓度
(g/L)为 0. 8 , 用注射器快速将泡腾剂注入到载药前体脂质体颗粒中, 用力振 摇 7分钟后使两者充分混合, 用配置的混合液给患者緩慢滴注给药, 并在 8小 时以内使用。
所得多烯紫杉醇前体脂质体混悬液均勾性良好, 用激光粒度分析仪测定 脂质体粒径及电荷,得平均粒径为 1. 05 ± 0. 055 μ πι;粒子 Ze ta电位为 -20. lmV。 在 1000倍油镜下未见主药析晶, 包封率接近 95 % 。 实施例 12 药效学评价
按前面给出的两个动物药效学模型进行实脸, 采用实施例 1 的组合物即 多烯紫杉醇脂质体对荷 A549肺肿瘤裸鼠的抑瘤作用, 经实验和计算可得, 多 烯紫杉醇注射液的 ED50约为 1 0. 6mg/kg , 而多烯紫杉醇脂质体的 ED50约为 1. lmg/kg , 二者相差约 9. 6倍。
多烯紫杉醇脂质体对原位兔 VX2 肺癌的抑瘤作用, 经实验和计算可得, 多烯紫杉醇脂质体比多烯紫杉醇注射液的疗效提高约 15. 5倍。
而采用实施例 6的组合物即紫杉醇脂质体对荷 A549肺肿瘤棵鼠的抑瘤作 用, 经实验和计算可得, 紫杉醇注射液与紫杉醇脂质体二者相差约 7. 8倍。
紫杉醇脂质体对原位兔 VX2 肺癌的抑瘤作用, 经实验和计算可得, 紫杉 醇脂质体比紫杉醇注射液的疗效提高约 1 0. 7倍。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1.注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 由给药前分装的载药前体脂质体固 相颗粒或粉末和泡腾剂组成; 其中载药前体脂质体固相颗粒或粉末按重量份 计为组合物 I或组合物 II:
( 1 )组合物 I
活性药物 0. 001 - 10 磷脂类脂质 0. 5 ~ 30 胆固醇类脂质 0. 25 - 15 酸型载体 25 - 90 表面活性剂 0. 1 ~ 30
( 2 )组合物 II
在组合物 I中, 按重量份计加入附加剂 0. 1 ~ 10;
( 3 ) 由组合物 I或组合物 II中活性药物与泡腾剂按质量浓度(g/L)为 0. 1-2配制成注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其粒径为 0. 7 ~ 2. 0 μ ιη, 粒子 Zeta电位为 - 10 ~ - 30mV。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的活性药物为治疗肺癌的药物。
3.根据权利要求 2所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述治疗肺癌的药物选自多烯紫杉醇、 紫杉醇、 唑来膦酸、 顺铂、 阿霉素、 拓朴替康、 足叶乙甙或环磷酰胺。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的活性药物为抗肺结核药物。
5.根据权利要求 4所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述抗肺结核的药物选自利福平、 利福喷丁或异烟肼。
6.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的活性药物为治疗肺炎药物。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述治疗肺炎药物选自氧氟沙星、 利巴韦林、 青霉素或头孢类。
8.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述騎脂类脂质选自卵磷脂、 豆磷脂、 氢化大豆卵磷脂、 氢化卵磷脂、 磷脂 酰乙醇胺、 合成磷脂酰丝氨酸、 磷脂酰肌醇、 神经鞘磷脂、 蛋璘脂酰胆碱、 二鲸蜡璘脂、 二肉豆蔻酰卵磷脂、 二硬脂酰 脂酰乙醇胺、 聚乙二醇化磷脂 类似物中的聚乙二醇化二硬脂酰璘脂酰乙醇胺、 曱氧基聚乙二醇化二硬脂酰 磷脂酰乙醇胺, 以及由叶酸等配体修饰的聚乙二醇化磷脂类似物。
9.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的胆固醇类脂质选自胆固醇、 胆固醇乙酰酯、 胆甾醇半琥珀酸酯、 β-谷 甾醇、 胆固醇硬脂酸酯、 胆固醇棕榈酸酯、 单曱基聚乙二醇-胆固醇及叶酸 等配体修饰的聚乙二醇 -胆固醇。
10.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的表面活性剂选自吐温系列、 蔗糖脂肪酸酯、 聚氧乙烯型的非离子表面 活性剂中的聚氧乙烯单油酸酯、 聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油及聚氧乙烯烷基醚。
11.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的酸型载体选自枸橼酸或 /和酒石酸。
12.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述的附加剂为抗氧剂或 /和固体分散载体; 其中抗氧剂为水溶性或 /和脂溶 性的抗氧剂, 选自维生素 Ε或 /和维生素 C; 固体分散载体选自甘露醇, 葡萄 糖, 山梨醇以及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮。
13.根据权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物, 其特征是: 所述泡腾剂是重量百分比浓度为 2-10的碳酸氢钠水溶液或碳酸钠水溶液。
14.一种制备权利要求 1所述的注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物的方法, 包括以下步骤:
( 1 )按配比将组合物 I或除附加剂外的组合物 II的其它物质溶于适量无 水乙醇或者无水乙醇与无水乙醚的混合溶剂, 得到溶液 Α, 其中混合溶剂中无 水乙醇与无水乙醚的体积比为 7-9: 3-1;
( 2 ) 向溶液 Α中加入其体积的 0. 1 ~ 1. 0%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 釆用孔径小于或等于 0. 22 μ πι的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的溶液 Β;
( 3 )将溶液 Β加热除去有机溶剂即得固相载药前体脂质体颗粒或粉末; 当组合物存在附加剂时, 在无菌条件下, 将无菌附加剂加入溶液 Β中, 然后 加热除去有机溶剂, 得固相载药前体脂质体颗粒或粉末;
( 4 ) 测定步骤(3 )组合物的主药含量, 确定装量, 并在无菌条件下分 装;
( 5 ) 配制泡腾剂: 配制重量百分比浓度为 2-10的碳酸氢钠或碳酸钠水 溶液; 加溶液体积的 0. 1 ~ 1. 0%的注射用活性炭, 搅拌静置, 采用孔径小于或 等于 0. 22 μ m的微孔滤膜过虑, 得到无菌和无热原的泡腾剂; 并在无菌条件 下分装。
PCT/CN2010/070342 2009-01-24 2010-01-23 注射用肺靶向脂质体药物组合物 WO2010083778A1 (zh)

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