WO2007059715A2 - Métodos y proteínas para el tratamiento profiláctico y/o terapéutico de los cuatro serotipos del virus de dengue y otros flavivirus - Google Patents
Métodos y proteínas para el tratamiento profiláctico y/o terapéutico de los cuatro serotipos del virus de dengue y otros flavivirus Download PDFInfo
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- WO2007059715A2 WO2007059715A2 PCT/CU2006/000015 CU2006000015W WO2007059715A2 WO 2007059715 A2 WO2007059715 A2 WO 2007059715A2 CU 2006000015 W CU2006000015 W CU 2006000015W WO 2007059715 A2 WO2007059715 A2 WO 2007059715A2
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- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
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- C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
- C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
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- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K2319/00—Fusion polypeptide
- C07K2319/20—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand
- C07K2319/21—Fusion polypeptide containing a tag with affinity for a non-protein ligand containing a His-tag
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C12N2770/24022—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
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- C12N2770/24122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12N2770/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses positive-sense
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- C12N2770/24111—Flavivirus, e.g. yellow fever virus, dengue, JEV
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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Definitions
- the present invention is related to the pharmaceutical industry, a conserved area of the surface of the protein E is described, employable in the development of broad-spectrum molecules useful in the prevention and / or treatment of dengue virus infections 1-4 and other flaviviruses
- the invention describes methods and proteins useful for the prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of the four serotypes of the dengue virus and, alternatively, of other flaviviruses.
- the Dengue virus (DV) complex belongs to the Flaviviridae family and is composed of four viruses or serotypes (DV1-DV4) genetically and antigenically related.
- the DV is transmitted to man by mosquito, mainly the A eldes aegypti.
- the infection causes clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic and benign such as an undifferentiated febrile illness to more severe manifestations such as Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and the potentially fatal Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS).
- DHF Hemorrhagic Fever
- DSS Dengue Shock Syndrome
- the most severe clinical manifestations are usually associated with sequential infections with two different serotypes of the virus (Halstead, SB Neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue viruses. Adv. Virus Res. 60: 421-67., 421-467, 2003.
- the envelope glycoprotein (protein E) is the major structural protein of the virus envelope.
- the three-dimensional structure of a fragment of the Ectodomain of protein E of the DEN2 and DEN3 viruses has recently been resolved by x-ray diffraction (Modis, Y., Ogata, S., Clements, D. & Harrison, SC A ligand- binding pocket in the dengue virus envelope glycoprotein. Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. US A 100, 6986-6991,2003. Modis, Y., Ogata, S., Clements, D., and Harrison, SC Variable Sur ⁇ ace Epitopes in the Crystal Structure of Dengue Virus Type 3 Envelope Glycoprotein J. Virol.
- Protein E is composed of three structural domains: domain I, N-terminal in sequence and central in the 3D structure, domain Il or dimerization, which contains the highly conserved fusion peptide in flavivirus and domain III, type folding IgG and involved in the interaction with cellular receptors.
- Protein E is a multifunctional glycoprotein, which plays a key role in several stages of virus replication. This protein is the fundamental target of the neutralizing antibodies against the virus, mediates interaction with cell receptors and is the fusion protein that mediates the fusion of the viral membrane and the plasma membrane of the host (Heinz, FX, and SL Allison. 2003. Flavivirus strudure and membrane fusion Adv. Virus Res. 59: 63-97 Modis, Y., S. Ogata, D. Clements, and SC Harr ⁇ son. 2004. Strudure of the dengue virus envelope protein after membrane fusion. 427: 313-319 King 2004. Chen, Y., T.
- DC-SIGN (CD209) mediates dengue virus infedion of human dendritic cells. J. Exp. Med. 197: 823-829).
- This protein is anchored to the virus membrane and its functions are linked to important conformation changes of both tertiary and quaternary structure. When the virus is still intracellular, this protein is in the form of heterodimers associated with the preM protein (Allison, S. L, K. Stadler, CW Mandl, C. Kunz, and FX Heinz. 1995. Synthesis and secretion of recombinant tick -borne encephalitis virus protein E in soluble and particulate form J. Virol. 69: 5816-5820 Rice, CM 1996. Flaviviridae: the viruses and their replication, p. 931-959 In BN Fields, D. N.
- the amino acid variations in the surface of the protein E between the different serotypes of the dengue virus cause that the antibodies generated against a serotype generally have less affinity for the rest of the serotypes.
- a sufficiently low affinity of the antibodies can result in the loss of the neutralization capacity, but these can still bind to the surface of the virions in sufficient quantity to facilitate the binding of the virus to cells bearing FC receptors (Halstead, SB, and EJ O'Rourke. 1977. Dengue viruses and mononuclear phagocytes.
- FC receptors Halstead, SB, and EJ O'Rourke. 1977. Dengue viruses and mononuclear phagocytes.
- the epitopes of domain A are destroyed by the reduction of disulfide bridges and the Mabs that recognize these epitopes are inhibitors of hemagglutination, neutralize the viral infection and inhibit the fusion of membranes mediated by the virus.
- the epitope A1 defined in dengue virus is recognized by antibodies of group-specificity, that is, they show high cross-reactivity among flaviviruses.
- Mabs 4G2 (anti-DV2) and 6B6C (anti-JEV) recognize this epitope.
- Plasmid DNA vaccines that express DV proteins are in early stages of development, as are those based on recombinant proteins (Chang, GJ., Davis, BS, Hunt, AR, Holmes, DA, and Kuno, G. 2001 Flavivirus DNA vaccines: current status and potential Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 951: 272-285.
- Affinity-purified dengue-2 virus envelope glycoprotein induces neutralizing antibodies and protective immunity in mice. Vaccine. 1997. 15, 1946-1954)
- Various candidates Based on the above strategies, they have shown protection in animal models, and some have shown safety and immunogenicity in early stages of clinical trials.
- the main obstacle in the development of vaccines lies in the need to achieve protection against the four serotypes. It is considered that in humans, infection with a dengue virus serotype induces lifelong immunity against the same serotype. Immunization against a serotype only achieves protection against the rest of the serotypes (heterotypic immunity) for a short period of time between 2-9 months (Sabin, AB 1952. Research on dengue during World War II. Am. J. Trop. Med Hyg.
- the virus-antibody immunocomplexes can amplify the entry of virus to the cells bearing FC receptors and increase the replication of the virus in these cells. Therefore, it would be necessary to keep the antibody levels high to avoid putting the patient at risk of suffering severe manifestations of the disease.
- FC residues that specifically affect the interaction with FC ⁇ R-1, FC ⁇ R-ll and FCyRII I 1 but not the interaction with the FCRn involved in the recycling of antibodies and therefore determining the life time Half in vivo.
- an area or epitope is defined on the surface of the E protein (of the envelope) highly conserved in flavivirus and the application of this epitope as a target for obtaining effective molecules for the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment against the four serotypes of the Dengue virus and other flavivirus.
- the invention demonstrates that, by generating an antibody response focused on this region of protein E, a neutralizing and protective effect of similar magnitude is achieved against the four dengue serotypes. In this way the response against the rest of the protein, of greater variability and potentially inducing neutralizing antibodies of serotype nature is eliminated specific (or specific subcomplex) and potentially immunoamplifier against the rest of the serotypes.
- the invention includes the design of mutations and stabilizing connections that guarantee the correct folding and secretion of the subdomain of the protein E that includes said epitope.
- the invention defines recombinant molecules capable of simultaneously joining two, three or multiple symmetrical copies of this epitope on the surface of mature flavivirus virions, and they possess neutralizing and protective properties superior to natural antibodies and their FAb 1 fragments due to a combined avidity effect, and interference with the structural changes that virions undergo in the early stages of the viral replication cycle.
- a first object of the invention the design of recombinant proteins that reproduce the antigenic and structural properties of said epitope of protein E is described.
- One of the described recombinant proteins is recognized by a mouse monoclonal antibody capable of neutralizing the four serotypes. Dengue virus, and that also recognizes other flaviviruses. Immunization with this chimeric recombinant protein induces a neutralizing and protective antibody response against the four serotypes of dengue virus and other flaviviruses.
- the invention describes a way to design the chimeric recombinant protein, which allows the correct folding of the domain of protein E containing a neutralizing epitope common to flaviviruses. This epitope is topographic in nature, and its antigenic properties are dependent on the 3D structure.
- the molecules resulting from this invention are applicable to the pharmaceutical industry in obtaining vaccine preparations against dengue virus and other flaviviruses as well as diagnostic means containing these proteins.
- the design of other recombinant proteins with a potent neutralizing character against the four serotypes of dengue virus and other flaviviruses is described.
- the amino acid sequence of these proteins contain a binding domain, a spacer segment and a domain called multimerization domain.
- the binding domain has the ability to bind to an epitope of the envelope protein highly conserved in all flaviviruses and contained in the proteins of the first object of the invention described above.
- the binding domains consist of single chain antibody fragments capable of recognizing the conserved epitope.
- the spacer segments are sequences of 3-20 residues, rich in preferably hydrophilic, polar, small side chain residues, which give the segment great mobility.
- the multimerization domains of the present invention are proteins or domains of these that are associated in their native state, preferably forming dimers or trimers, although quaternary structures of greater degree of association are not ruled out. These domains are selected from human serum or extracellular proteins, to avoid the generation of autoantibodies.
- An essential property of the multimerization domains considered in this invention is that they do not possess the property of interacting with the Fc receptors involved in the immuno-amplification process of the antibody-mediated dengue virus infection.
- the quaternary structure of the multimerization domains may be dependent on covalent and / or non-covalent interactions.
- the multimerization domain is based on the Fc fragment of human antibodies, including the hinge region that mediates intercatenary disulfide bridges that stabilize the dimeric structure.
- Fc fragments are devoid of glycosidation, either by chemical or enzymatic deglycosidation, or by their expression in a non-glycosidating organism, such as E. coli bacteria.
- Non-glycosed Fc domains can also be obtained in cells of higher organisms when they contain mutations in their sequence that alter the NXT / S pattern.
- the non-glycosed Fc domains lose the binding capacity to the Fc ⁇ R-1 to III receptors, capable of mediating immuno-amplification in vitro; however, the interaction with the FcRn receptor is not affected, a favorable property to achieve high half-life in vivo.
- the multimerization domain is a helical fragment of the human matriline that forms trimers.
- connection of the binding domain to the multimerization domain by means of flexible spacers allows the simultaneous binding of the chimeric protein to multiple monomers of the adjacent protein E in the cyclohedral structure of the mature flavivirus virions.
- binding domain for a sequence variant [binding domain] - [spacer] - [multimerization domain]
- the simultaneous binding of two E protein monomers can be achieved. If a trimeric protein is produced, a trimeric protein is produced join three monomers.
- the chimeric protein neutralization title described in the second object of the present invention is superior to that of the Fab and even to complete antibodies.
- These recombinant proteins bind the virions with greater avidity, and the simultaneous union of several monomers interferes with the changes of quaternary structure necessary in the membrane fusion process.
- the molecules resulting from this invention are applicable to the pharmaceutical industry in obtaining prophylactic agents and / or therapeutic against dengue virus and other flavivirus as well as diagnostic means containing these proteins.
- Chimeric protein design with vaccine objectives The currently accepted conception is that an effective dengue vaccine should be able to generate a neutralizing antibody response against the four serotypes.
- the glycoprotein E of the viral envelope is variable between serotypes. The sequence variability causes the overall response against the protein to be neutralizing against the homologous serotype, but not against the heterologous serotypes, while increasing the possibility of immunopotentiating antibodies to the infection.
- the present invention describes a method for the design of vaccines by subunits against dengue, which generate a uniformly neutralizing and protective response against the four serotypes.
- the design is based firstly on the identification of areas or epitopes of the surface of the protein, whose conservation is total or very high among serotypes and which are also exposed on the surface of mature virions. Through a conservation analysis of protein residues, it was possible to identify a cluster of conserved residues exposed ( Figure 1 and 2, Table 1). The total area of the surface of the cluster is 417 2, 25 residues. This area is comparable with the typical values of the interaction surface between antibodies and proteins.
- the epitope is topographic in nature, including distant residues in the primary structure of protein E, but close in the three-dimensional structure.
- the invention describes the design of chimeric recombinant proteins that contain the conserved epitope, maximizing the relationship between conserved residues / variables presented to the immune system and achieving the stabilization of the three-dimensional structure of the epitope in a similar way to that found in the context of the complete protein E. Two possible topologies are described:
- BLC and CLB where B is the Leu237-Val252 segment and C is the Lys64-Thr120 segment of the glycoprotein E of dengue 2 or the homologous segments of the other serotypes or of another flavivirus, or similar sequences with more than 80% of waste identity with respect to any of the above.
- the homologous segments to B and C in flavivirus sequences are defined by the use of sequence pairs or multiple sequence alignment programs such as BLAST, FASTA and CLUSTAL ⁇ Altschul, SF, Gish, W., Miller, W. , Myers, EW & Lipman, DJ. 1990, Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215: 403-410. Pearson WR, Lipman DJ.
- L are spacer sequences typically of between 1 and 10 residues whose role is to connect segments B and C in a stabilizing manner with respect to the folding of the chimeric protein, so that the 3D structure of the epitope is similar to the structure adopted in the context of the complete protein E.
- the conserved epitope is included in its entirety and the rest of the most variable protein is excluded.
- the chimeric protein represents a subdomain of the structural domain Il of the envelope glycoprotein. This subdomain located at the end of the Il domain is structurally composed of two anti-parallel beta sheets packed against each other.
- the largest is composed of three strands (segment C) and the minor is a beta fork (segment B).
- the subdomain contains two disulfide bridges and is connected to the rest of the glycoprotein E by four points, consistent with the topographic nature of the conserved epitope.
- the contact surface between the subdomain and the rest of the protein is 184 A 2 , which represents only 12% of the total accessible area of the subdomain, consistent with the feasibility of obtaining a correct folding of the subdomain through connections stabilizers described in the two previous topological variants.
- the invention includes the possibility of increasing the thermodynamic stability of the chimeric protein by mutations in residues not accessible on the surface of the virion and therefore not involved in the interaction with antibodies.
- a central and novel idea of the present invention is that it is possible to develop a subunit vaccine based on a single protein chain, which is effective against the four dengue serotypes.
- Current strategies based on recombinant candidates presuppose the use of at least four recombinant E proteins, one for each serotype combined in a vaccine formulation (Patent: Hawaii Biotech Group,
- the PMEC1 chimeric protein of example 1 of the present invention corresponds to a B-L-C topology, with sequences of fragments B and C of dengue 2 virus and connecting sequence of two GIy-GIy residues.
- a gene is described that encodes the chimeric protein PMEC1.
- Plasmid pET-sPMEC1-H6 encodes for the PMEC1 protein fused by the N-terminal end to the pe / B leader peptide, and by the C-terminal to a sequence coding for 6 histidines (Sequence No. 12).
- the chimeric protein PMEC 1 was obtained in a soluble way in the periplasm of the bacterium E. coli.
- Example 8 shows the modeling result of the structure of the Fab 4G2 complex with protein E.
- This antibody recognizes and neutralizes the four serotypes of dengue virus and other flaviviruses.
- the model was obtained by molecular coupling using the CLUSPRO method (http://structure.bu.edu/Projects/PPDocking/cluspro.html).
- the crystallographic structure of the Fab 4G2 (PDB file 1 and w) and the PDB loan and 1oam files corresponding to the dimeric structure of the protein E of dengue 2 were used.
- Table 8 shows the characteristic parameter values of the interface between the protein E and the Fab;
- the values calculated for the modeled complex are similar to the protein-antibody complexes whose crystallographic structure has been determined experimentally (Table 9).
- the model obtained indicates that the epitope of Mab 4G2 includes the region of high conservation in flavivirus identified in this invention.
- Table 1 shows the set of residues that make up the predicted structural epitope (residues of the E in contact with the antibody) and those that make up the high conservation area. 71% of the residues that make up the structural epitope recognized by the antibody according to the model obtained belong to the high conservation area.
- a model of the Fab 4G2-protein E complex was obtained in the context of the mature virion, coupling the complex structure previously predicted in the structure of the dengue 2 virus determined by electron cryomicroscopy.
- This characteristic of the 4G2 antibody could be common to several anti-flavivirus antibodies, as is the case of the chimpanzee 1A5 antibody against domain A of Ia Protein E ⁇ Goncalvez AP, Men R, Wernly C, Purcell RH, La) CJ. Chimpanzee Fab fragments and a derived humanized immunoglobuh ' n G1 antibody that efficiently cross-neutralize dengue type 1 and type 2 viruses. J Virol. 2004; 78: 12910-8). In general, the balance of the neutralization power between the antibody and its Fab will depend on the epitope recognized by the antibody, the identity of the antibody and the stereochemical details of the complex.
- Mab 4E11 which recognizes an epitope of domain B, is 50 times more neutralizing than its corresponding Fab ⁇ Thullier, P., P. Lafaye, F. Megret, V. Deubel, A. Jouan, and JC Mazie. 1999. A recombinant Fab neutralizes dengue virus in vitro. J. Biotechnol. 69: 183-190).
- the present invention describes the design and obtaining of molecules capable of simultaneously joining two or three copies of the epitope conserved on the surface of the virion.
- the virion exhibits 180 copies of the conserved epitope described in the present invention, which can be grouped into 90 duo epitopes corresponding to dimers of protein E or in 60 trio epitopes corresponding to copies of the three monomers of protein E that make up the asymmetric unit of the virion.
- These molecules are able to bind di- or trivalently and have an affinity for virion and superior neutralization power in several orders to neutralizing antibodies that recognize the conserved epitope defined in this invention.
- These molecules neutralize the four serotypes of dengue virus and other flaviviruses, so they are useful for the prophylactic and / or therapeutic treatment of dengue and alternatively other flaviviruses.
- [S] is the sequence of a single chain antibody fragment (scFv) that recognizes the conserved epitope described in this invention
- [L] is a spacer sequence typically between 3 and 20 amino acids
- [D] is the sequence of a protein or fragment thereof is capable of dimerizing
- [T] is the sequence of a protein or fragment thereof capable of trimerizing.
- the sequences of [D] and [T] are proteins or protein domains that do not interact with Fc receptors capable of mediating the immunopotentiation phenomenon of viral infection. In this way, the possibility of causing subneutralizing concentrations of the molecules is avoided. di / trivalent, the increase in viral infection in Fc receptor carrying cells. Therefore the molecules described are superior to antibodies in regard to their inability to cause ADE.
- sequences [D] and [T] correspond to extracellular proteins and / fragments of human proteins, preferably serum, avoiding the possibility of inducing an autoantibody response generated against intracellular proteins or other species.
- the [D] / [T] domains can be substituted by multimerization domains with a higher degree of oligomerization, provided that spacer sequences compatible with multivalent binding are chosen.
- the multimerization including dimerization and trimerization
- the multipoint binding to the virus stabilizes the structure of the mature virion, interfering with the changes in quaternary structure associated with the process of membrane fusion.
- the increase in half-life in vivo is achieved by increasing the molecular size.
- These recombinant proteins which include Fv fragments of the antibody, can be converted into therapeutic and / or immunoprophylactic agents, effective for the control of outbreaks of epidemics.
- the present invention describes a gene that codes for a chimeric protein called TB4G2.
- Plasmid pET-TB4G2-LH encodes for the TB4G2 protein fused by the N-terminal end to the pe / B leader peptide, and by the C-terminal to a sequence coding for 6 histidines (Sequence No. 16).
- the chimeric protein TB4G2 contains the following elements in the amino-carboxy-terminal direction: (a) the variable region of the light chain of the monoclonal antibody
- variable region of the heavy chain of the monoclonal antibody 4G2 (Sequence No.
- the chimeric protein TB4G2 corresponds to the topological variant [S] - [L] - [T], where [S] is an scFv fragment of the 4G2 antibody, [L] is a spacer of 15 residues composed of GLY and SER residues , and [T] is a trimerization domain of the human matriline that forms a trimeric coiled-coil helical structure, where the alpha helices are aligned in parallel (Dames SA, Kammerer RA, Wiltscheck R, Enge ⁇ J, Alexandrescu AT. NMR structure of a parallel homotrimeric coiled coil. Nat Struct Biol. 1998; ⁇ : 687-91).
- This segment of the matriline covalently trimerizes through the formation of disulfide bridges between cysteines located at the N-terminal end of the helix.
- the pelB leader peptide allows the periplasmic localization of the TB4G2 protein and therefore its folding in vivo, with the correct formation of the disulfide bridges of the binding and trimerization domains.
- the distances between the C-terminal ends of the variable region of the heavy chain of the Fv fragments attached to the three monomers of the asymmetric unit are 36, 58 and 70 A. These three atoms are circumscribed in a sphere of radius 35 A, so that the spacer segment [L] has to be able to adopt conformations compatible with this distance.
- a segment of 15 residues in extended conformation has dimensions of 52.5 A.
- conformation is not necessarily the most stable, and in general the structural properties of the peptides are determined by their sequence.
- GLY and SER-rich peptides are intrinsically flexible, capable of adopting multiple conformations in solution.
- the prediction of conformations with PRELUDE (Rooman MJ, Kocher JP 1 Wodak SJ. Prediction of protein backbone conformation based on seven structure assignments. Influence of local interactions. J Mol Biol. 1991; 221: 961-79) performed in example 9, indicates that the most favorable conformations for the sequence of [L] (sequence No. 28) have a distance between the amino and carboxy-terminal ends of approximately 35 A. Therefore, the design of the chimeric protein TB4G2 is structurally compatible with the simultaneous binding of the three monomers of E of the asymmetric unit.
- the chimeric protein TB4G2 was obtained in a soluble way in the periplasm of the bacterium E. coli.
- An easily scalable purification process was developed by metal chelate chromatography (IMAC) that allowed obtaining pure proteins.
- the purified protein was analyzed in SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The protein treated under reducing conditions migrates to a band corresponding to the mass of the TB4G2 monomer, and to a band corresponding to a trimer under non-reducing conditions.
- the neutralization test was carried out against the four serotypes of the dengue virus in BHK-21 cells, with the aim of comparing the neutralizing capacity of TB4G2 with respect to the original 4G2 antibody and its proteolytic fragments Fab and (Fab ') 2 - La TB4G2 protein showed similar neutralization titers against all four serotypes and higher in 2-3 orders to the antibody and its fragments.
- the present invention describes a gene (Sequence No. 17) that encodes a chimeric protein called MA4G2.
- the chimeric protein MA4G2 (Sequence No. 56) contains the following elements in the amino-carboxy-terminal direction: (a) the variable region of the light chain of the 4G2 monoclonal antibody (Sequence No. 25), (b) a flexible spacer sequence (Sequence No. 26), (c) the variable region of the heavy chain of the 4G2 monoclonal antibody (Sequence No. 27), (d) a sequence Flexible 3-residue spacer (GIy-GIy-GIy), (e) the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of the human IgGI immunoglobulin (Sequence No. 52). In the CH2 domain of human IgGI, the protein has been mutated ASN297-> GLN.
- the chimeric protein MA4G2 corresponds to the topological variant [S] - [L] - [D], defined in the present invention, where [S] is an scFv fragment of a chain of the 4G2 antibody, [L] is a spacer of 3 residues, of sequence GLY-GLY-GLY, and [D] the hinge, CH2 and CH3 domains of the human immunoglobulin IgGL
- the hinge region mediates the formation of intercatenary disulfide bridges between two identical proteins, which stabilize a dimeric structure.
- the ASN297-> GLN mutation in the CH2 domain of human IgGI prevents its glycosylation in eukaryotic cells and its ability to bind to the FcyR l-lll receptors, which mediate immunoamplification in vitro.
- the designed protein has no risk of causing ADE at subneutralizing concentrations. However, it retains the ability to interact with the FcRn receptor, a favorable property to achieve high half-life in vivo, similar to natural antibodies.
- Plasmid pET-MA4G2-LH (Sequence No. 20) encodes for the MA4G2 protein fused by the N-terminal end to the pe / B leader peptide (Sequence No.
- the pelB leader peptide allows the periplasmic localization of the MA4G2 protein, where the correct formation of the intracatenary disulfide bridges (the binding domains, CH2 and CH3) occurs and between the hinge regions (intercatenaries).
- the histidine tail allows the purification by chromatography of metal chelates.
- a central aspect of the present invention is that molecules capable of contacting the area of high conservation of protein E, interfere with the function of this protein, constituting potential candidates as broad-spectrum antiviral agents against flavivirus.
- example 12 shows the fragments of the 4G2 antibody, including the scFv have a neutralizing activity similar to the whole antibody, indicating that bivalence in the antiviral activity is not necessary and this It depends on the interference in the function of protein E when joining the high conservation area and that this activity is broad spectrum against flavivirus. Therefore attractive methods for the identification of molecules with these characteristics, are those that allow to identify protein molecules, peptides and small molecules that bind to the high conservation area.
- These assays can be immunoenzymatic assays, radioimmunoassays, fluorescent probe assays that allow quantifying the binding of the molecules to the E protein, virions or chimeric proteins described in the present invention that contain the high conservation area.
- These assays can be useful for the identification of potential molecules with broad spectrum antiviral activity against flavivirus, by screening in Mitro, of libraries of chemical compounds, including those generated by combinatorial chemistry methods.
- the identification of candidate molecules can be performed by virtual screening methods, assisted by computers. These methods are based on computational molecular coupling procedures, with which complexes of protein-bound molecules can be modeled and quantify the strength or energy of the union by means of scoring functions, calculated from the coordinates of the complex. Examples of these molecular coupling computational procedures are the GOLD programs (Jones, G. et al., 1997. Development and validation I heard a genetic algorithm for flexible docking. J. Mol. Biol. 267, 727-748), DOCK (Kuntz , ID et al., 1982 A geometric approach to macromolecule-ligand interactions J. Mol. Biol. 161, 269-288) and FLEXX (Olender, R. and Rosenfeld, R., 2001.
- Figure 1 Representation in color scheme of the conservation of residues of the surface of the protein E of flavivirus. Dark blue means residues of a higher degree of conservation in the flavivirus sequences, red is residues of greater variability.
- CONSURF considering the multiple sequence alignment of all flaviviruses available in the SWISSPROT database. These values were grained on the surface of the protein using the PyMoI program.
- Figure 2 Representation in color scheme of the conservation of residues of the surface of protein E of dengue virus. Dark blue means residues of a higher degree of conservation in the sequences of dengue virus isolates, Red are residues of greater variability. In the ellipsis region of high conservation of the end of the domain Il of the protein is indicated. Conservation values were calculated using the CONSURF program, considering the multiple sequence alignment of the four dengue virus serotypes, available in the SWISSPROT database. These values were plotted on the surface of the protein using the PyMoI program.
- FIG. 3 Model of the three-dimensional structure of the chimeric protein PMEC1.
- B is the Leu237-Val252 segment and C is the Lys64-Thr120 segment of the glycoprotein E of dengue 2.
- L is the spacer segment of two residues.
- the 3D model of the protein was obtained with the WHATIF program package and plotted with PyMoI.
- Figure 5 Plasmid pET-scFv 4G2 LH.
- Figure 6A Plasmid pET-TB4G2 LH.
- Figure 6B Plasmid pET-MA4G2 LH.
- FIG. 7 Physico-chemical characterization of the chimeric protein PMEC1-His6.
- A SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of the protein purified by affinity chromatography by metal chelates (lane 1) and reduced and carbamidomethylated (lane 2).
- B Analysis of the protein by RP-C4 reverse phase chromatography, the arrow indicates the majority peak.
- C Mass spectrum of the majority peak collected in reverse phase chromatography
- FIG. 8 Schematic representation of the results of 13 computational simulations of molecular coupling (CLUSPRO program) between the Fv fragment of Mab 4G2 and protein E of dengue 2.
- the columns show in a color scheme the structural characteristics of the first 30 best solutions (clusters) obtained in each simulation.
- Each solution is represented with three properties.
- the first sample in which domain of the protein E is located the epitope corresponding to the solution (yellow, red and blue for domain I 1 Il and III respectively), two colors means interface in two domains and the violet color interaction with three domains.
- the letters L and T mean that the epitope involves the spacer segment (between domain I and III) or the fusion peptide of protein E respectively.
- the second property represented with the colors white, gray or black indicates whether the epitope is located on the surface of the protein E towards the inside of the virion, lateral or outward respectively, being only the latter relevant assuming that the union of the Fab does not depend of major changes in the structure of the virion.
- the third property corresponds to the antibody paratope, green if it involves the CDR (relevant solution) or does not involve the CDR (incorrect solution).
- the solutions compatible with experimental data are those represented with yellow-black-green colors and are indicated by arrows.
- the first two rows, located on the columns of the solutions indicate the definition of ligand and receptor used in each simulation, including the dentifier of the pdb file of the structure of the analyzed protein E.
- the molecular coupling program used Dot or Zdock is shown below each column.
- FIG. 9 Model of the complex between mature dengue 2 virion and 180 Fab4G2 chains.
- the model was obtained by coupling the Fab4G2-protein E complex in the structure of the mature virion obtained by electronic cryomicroscopy (1THD).
- the figure shows the distances between the residues of the C-terminal end of the Fab fragments associated with three monomers of the asymmetric unit of the virion.
- Figure 10 Model of the complex formed by the chimeric protein MA4G2 and the dimer of protein E. The figure was obtained with the PyMoI program.
- the high conservation area defines a topographic epitope, consisting of residues near in the three-dimensional structure but distant in the sequence of protein E.
- the area is comprised in a structural sub-domain located at the end of domain II, which is formed by two linear segments of protein E,
- AA amino acid
- No. E DEN2 number of the residue in the sequence of the protein E of dengue 2
- No. PWICE1 number of the residue in the sequence of the chimeric protein PMEC1
- ACC solvent accessible area calculated with WHATIF ⁇ Vriend G.
- WHAT IF a molecular modeling and drug design program. J Mol Graph. 1990; 8: 52-6, 29).
- An atomic model of the dimer of protein E obtained by independent coupling of the 3D structure of the structural domains I, Il and III (pdb loan file) in the structure of the mature virion (pdb file 1THD), CONS was used: conservation calculated with CONSURF taking into account an alignment of flavivirus sequences and the four dengue serotypes respectively.
- L is a spacer segment.
- the spacer segment must be stereochemically compatible with the three-dimensional structure of the subdomain and in the ideal case provide stabilizing effect on the thermodynamic stability of the chimeric protein.
- the distance between the alpha carbons of the Val252 and Lys64 residues is 6.6 A, so that the B-L-C topology can be obtained with spacers of one or more residues.
- An analysis of the structures of possible connector turns in the PDB database, which are compatible with the structure of the anchor segments indicates that connections of two residues are more common than waste connections.
- the distance between the alpha carbons of the Thr120 and Leu237 residues is 11.1 A, consistent with connections of 3-4 residues or more.
- the chimeric protein PMEC1 (sequence 14) of the present invention corresponds to a B-L-C topology, with sequences of fragments B and C of dengue 2 virus and connecting sequence of two GIy-GIy residues.
- sequences B and C can be chosen not only the sequences corresponding to the DEN2 virus but also the homologous sequences of other flaviviruses including but not limited to DEN1, DEN3, DEN4, Japanese Encephalitis virus, Tick-transmitted Encephalitis virus, Western Child, Murray Valley virus, St. Louis Encephalitis virus, LANGAT virus, Yellow Fever virus, Powassan virus (sequences 29-42)
- chimeric proteins designed according to the method described above can be mutated in one or multiple residues with the objective of increasing the thermodynamic stability of the protein or efficiency in the correct folding. Residues that are not accessible to the interaction with antibodies on the surface of mature virions described in Table 1 may be mutated.
- the residues susceptible to being mutated are internal residues in the structure and / or in the lateral and internal surface of the structure. 3D / 4D of protein E in the mature virion.
- the mutated proteins can be obtained using combinatorial experimental methods such as filamentous phage libraries. They can also be designed using theoretical methods such as FOLDX, POPMUSIC, Rosseta. Sequences 43-50 correspond to analogs of the chimeric protein PMEC1 mutated in multiple positions. Three-dimensional models of these proteins have good compaction and quality of the models.
- Mutations of the exposed face of the protein are also possible, especially in positions that are not strictly conserved between dengue and / or flavivirus viruses, provided that the mutations do not affect the interaction with the neutralizing and protective antibodies directed against the conserved subdomain of Ia E. protein
- This synthetic molecule was digested with restriction enzymes Neo I and Xho I (Promega Benelux bv, The Netherlands) under the conditions specified by the manufacturer, and bound with T4 DNA ligase (Promega Benelux, bv, The Netherlands), under the conditions specified by the manufacturer, to plasmid pET22b (Novagen, Inc.) previously digested in the same way.
- the reaction obtained was transformed into the Escherichia coli strain XL-1Blue (Bullock WO, Fernández JM, Short JM. XL-1Blue: A high efficiency plasmid transforming recA Escherichia coli K12 strain with beta-galactosidase selection.
- Plasmid pET-sPMEC1 encodes for the PMEC1 protein fused, by the N-terminal end, to the leader peptide of the pelB gene, and by the C-terminal to a sequence coding for 6 histidines (Sequence No. 13).
- This allows, on the one hand, that said protein is processed by removal of the leader peptide and secreted to the periplasm of E. coli, whose oxidizing conditions allow the correct folding and formation of the disulfide bonds of PMEC1, and on the other hand it allows an easy purification of said protein using metal chelate affinity chromatography (IMAC) (Sulkowski, E. (1985) Purification ofproteins by IMAC. Trends Biotechnol. 3, 1-7).
- IMAC metal chelate affinity chromatography
- Plasmid pET-sPMEC1 was transformed (Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. New York, USA: CoId Spr ⁇ ng Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989) into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) (Studier , FW and BA Moffatt "Use of bacteriophage 17 RNA polymerase to direct selective high-level expression of cloned genes.” J.Mol.Biol. 189.1 (1986): 113-30) and from a single colony an inoculated culture was inoculated.
- LBA Luria-Bertani medium supplemented with 50 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin (LBA) that was grown 12 hours at 30 ° C with a 350 rpm agitation From this culture, 1 L of LBA medium was inoculated with an optical density at 620 nm (OD620) of 0.05, which was grown for 8 h at 28 ° C until late exponential phase and then induced by the addition of isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG), following the growth in the same conditions for 5 more hours.
- OD620 optical density at 620 nm
- the induced culture thus obtained was centrifuged at 5000 xg for 30 min. at 4 o C and from the resulting biomass the periplasmic fraction was extracted by the method of Ausubel et al. (Ausubel, FM, Brent, R., Kingston, RE, Moore, DD, Seidman, JG, Smith, JA and Struhl, K (1989) in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York).
- the perplasmic fraction was dialyzed in 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7/20 mM imidazole using a membrane with a cutoff weight of 1000 Da and the PMEC1-His6 protein was obtained therefrom by affinity chromatography by metal chelates (Sulkowski, E. 1985, Purification ofproteins by IMAC Trends Biotechnol. 3, 1-7) using Ni-NTA agarose (Qiagen Benelux BV, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- the major peak of the RP-HPLC analysis was analyzed by mass spectrometry in order to obtain the molecular mass of the protein with greater accuracy and verify the formation of the disulfide bridge.
- Mass spectra were acquired on a hybrid mass spectrometer with octagonal geometry QTOF-2TM (Micromass, UK) equipped with a Z-spray electrospray ionization source.
- the mass spectra processing software used was MassLynx version 3.5 (Micromass, UK).
- the mass spectrum of the majority species of the preparation of PMEC1-His6 has a molecular mass of 9219.51 Da ( Figure 7C), this value differs by 0.05 Da from the expected average mass according to the sequence of the gene.
- This analysis confirms that the cysteine residues of the molecule are involved in the formation of disulfide bridges. At the same time, this analysis rules out the presence of others. unwanted post-translational modifications, such as degradation at the ends or modification of susceptible
- EXAMPLE 5 Antigenic characterization of PW1EC1
- the purified fraction of PMEC 1 was characterized both by dotblott recognition with different murine police and monoclonal sera obtained by immunization with the corresponding viral preparations, as well as by Dengue positive human sera (Table 2 and 3) .
- a recombinant protein was included consisting of domain III of the protein of the envelope of the DEN-2 virus of the Jamaican genotype, fused to a sequence of six His (Dllle2).
- Dllle2 comprises a region of greater variability of the envelope protein.
- Domain III expressed by recombinant route in E co // is strongly recognized by anti-DEN hyperimmune ascites (LAH) liquids presenting a marked specificity for the homologous serotype and considerably loses its reactivity due to the reduction of the single disulfide bridge present in that domain.
- LAH anti-DEN hyperimmune ascites
- This specific reactivity to the homologous serotype has also been found in the case of human antibodies.
- recognition with the AcM 3H5 was included in the tests, which unlike the AcM 4G2 has a specific serotype recognition for an epitope present in domain III of DEN-2.
- Hyperimmune ascites fluids were used 1: 100 while monoclonal antibodies 4G2 and 3H5 were used at a concentration of 10 ⁇ g / ml.
- TBE Tick-borne Encephalitis virus
- YFV Yellow Fever Virus
- SLV San Luis Encephalitis Virus
- GF crosreactive to flavivirus group.
- the hyperimmune ascites fluids obtained against the four serotypes of the dengue virus and the AcM 4G2 recognized the protein in a similar magnitude.
- the highest recognition corresponded to the St Lduis encephalitis virus, with a signal similar to that obtained for dengue 1-4.
- the anti-TBE and anti-YF LAIH also recognized the protein, although to a lesser extent. The recognition is dependent on the formation of disulfide bridges, indicating that the protein is correctly folded, in a conformation similar to that adopted in the context of the native structure of protein E.
- the PMEC1 protein was further characterized by Dot-blotting using human sera of different qualities. Sera from individuals with primary infection by DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4 were used, sera from individuals with secondary infection by DEN-2 and DEN-3 were also evaluated. Serum mixtures of three infected individuals were used in the same epidemic, with similar clinical symptoms and serology results. In all sera, the reactivity of the IgM Acs against viral and PMEC1 antigens was determined.
- Ctrl Neg Control preparation obtained from uninfected Vero cell supernatants.
- mice 80 Balb / c mice were immunized with 20 ⁇ g intraperitoneally of the purified preparation of PMEC1, using Freund's adjuvant. A part of the animals (10 mice) were bled after the fourth dose and the presence of anti-DEN antibodies was determined by ELISA. High titers were obtained against the four serotypes of dengue virus (table 4). In parallel, the IHA test was performed, obtaining positive titers against the four serotypes (Table 5). Finally, the neutralization test was performed in vitro, reaching titres of 1/1280 also against the four serotypes of the virus (table ⁇ ).
- the IHA titers were defined as the highest dilution capable of inhibiting the hemagglutination of goose erythrocytes against 8 viral hemagglutinating units.
- Neutralizing titers were defined as the highest dilution of serum where a 50% reduction in the number of viral plaques in BHK-21 cells was obtained.
- mice that were not bled were used for the assays described above for characterization of the antibody response.
- Animals immunized with PMEC1 were divided into four groups (15 animals per group) each challenged with a different viral serotype and a control group of 10 Animals that did not undergo the challenge. Each of the animals received a dose of 100 LD 5 O of lethal DEN by intracranial inoculation and were observed for 21 days to obtain the lethality percentages.
- Groups of 15 mice immunized with the four viral preparations (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) were used as positive controls.
- mice in these groups survived while the mice in the control group (-) for each serotype became ill within 7-11 days after the challenge, obtaining 100% mortality.
- the groups immunized with the PMEC1 protein presented between 80% and 90% protection, obtaining in all cases significant differences with respect to the control group (Table 7)
- epitope A1 epitope recognized by Mab 4G2
- Mab 4G2 The location of epitope A1 (epitope recognized by Mab 4G2) in the Il domain is supported by experimental data and it has also been determined that antibodies related to this epitope recognize the proteolytic fragment constituted by amino acids 1-120 of protein E (Roehrig , JT, Bol ⁇ n, RA and Kelly, RG Monoclonal Antibody Mapping of the Envelope Glycoprotein of the Dengue 2 Virus, Jamaica. 1998, Virology 246: 317-328).
- Table 8 shows the characteristic parameter values of the interface between protein E and Fv, the values calculated for the modeled complex are similar to the protein-antibody complexes whose crystallographic structure has been determined experimentally (table 9).
- the contact surface of the protein E with the antibody involves 4 segments of the sequence that is consistent with the topographic nature of the epitope dependent on the correct folding of the protein, the recognition being susceptible to the reduction of the disulfide bridges.
- the structural epitope defined by the three-dimensional model contains the region of high conservation in flaviviruses, which is consistent with the broad cross-reactivity of this antibody and with the recognition of the PMEC1 chimeric protein in example 5.
- the model also suggests that the The neutralization mechanism of the antibody is mediated by steric impediments of the binding of protein E to membranes and / or interference with the trimerization associated with the fusion process.
- the epitope recognized by the antibody coincides with the zone of interaction between protein E and the preM protein inferred from the pre-corresponding electronic density observed in the electron cryomicroscopy studies of immature virions.
- the evolutionary pressure for the conservation of the intermolecular surface may explain the high conservation of this epitope of protein E.
- the generation of escape mutants on this surface is less likely since such mutations would need to be compensated with simultaneous stabilizing mutations on the surface of the preM protein.
- escape mutants obtained against the antibody are located in the hinge region between the Il and I domain, and the mutant viruses have a high degree of attenuation and defects in the ability to fuse membranes (Aaskov). This constitutes a favorable property of the PMEC chimeric proteins of the present invention as recombinant vaccine candidates against flavivirus.
- Ta b la Characteristic properties in rotein-antibodies *.
- EXAMPLE 9 Design of the chimeric proteins MA4G2 (bivalent) and TB4G2 (trivalent). Next, we proceeded to design the chimeric proteins based on the 4G2 antibody binding site, which allow simultaneous binding to two or more monomers of the E protein in the mature virion.
- the model of the Fab linked to the virion obtained in Example 8 shows that the distances between the residues of the c-terminal end of the heavy chain of the Fabs associated with the monomers of E in the asymmetric unit are 80, 100 and 120 A , very distant to allow bivalent binding of the antibody (figure 9). The same distances measured between molecules of different asymmetric units are even greater.
- the distances between the ends C- Heavy chain terminals of the Fv fragments are 36, 58 and 70 ⁇ . These three atoms are circumscribed in a sphere of radius 35 A, which is an indicator that trivalent binding is possible with fusion to trimerization domains using medium-sized spacer peptides (10-15 residues).
- the distances between the c-terminal ends of the Fv attached to dimers of E in the structure of the virion is 36 A, so that bivalent binding is possible by means of the fusion of the Fv fragments to dimerization domains with small spacers (5 - 10 waste).
- the MA4G2 chimeric protein was designed whose sequence contains, in order N to C-terminal, the following elements:
- VL-spacer-VH sequences No. 25, 26 and 27
- VL is the variable region of the light chain of Mab 4G2
- VH is the variable region of The heavy chain of this antibody.
- 3- Hinge-CH2-CH3 corresponds to the sequence of human IgGI, mutated at the glycosidation site N297> Q (Sequence No. 52)
- the MA4G2 protein is a dimer when expressed in prokaryotes or eukaryotes, because the hinge domain of the antibody allows dimerization by formation of intercatenary disulfide bridges and results in a human Fc.
- the hinge region also provides sufficient spacing and flexibility that allows the incorporation of a spacer sequence of only 3 residues (GGG) between the scFv domain and the Fc.
- Figure 10 shows a 3D model of the MA4G2-dimer protein E complex, consistent with the bivalent binding.
- the presence of the mutation at the glycosidation site allows obtaining non-glycosidated Fc in cells of higher organisms.
- the non-glycosed Fc domains lose the ability to bind to the Fc ⁇ RI-lll receptors, capable of mediating immunoamplification in vitro (Lund, J., Takahashi, N., Pound, JD, Goodail, M., and Jefferis, R. 1996, J. Immunol. 157, 4963-4969.
- Lund, J., Takahashi, N., Pound, JD, Goodail, M., Nakagawa, H., and Jefferis, R. 1995, FASEB. J. 9, 115-119 Lund, J., Takahashi, N., Pound, JD, Goodail, M., Nakagawa, H., and Jefferis, R. 1995, FASEB. J. 9, 115-119 ).
- the designed protein has no risk of causing ADE at subneutralizing concentrations.
- the protein retains the ability to interact with the FcRn receptor, a favorable property to achieve high half-life in vivo, similar to natural antibodies.
- TB4G2 trivalent chimeric protein As an example of trivalent binding, the chimeric protein TB4G2 of the scFv-spacer-T sequence was designed where:
- scFv is the single chain Fv fragment of Mab 4G2, with sequence vL-spacer-vH (Sequences No. 25, 26 and 27), vL is the variable region of the light chain of Mab4G2 and vH is the variable region of heavy chain
- 2- spacer is a sequence segment (GGGS) 3 GGG (sequence 28)
- T is a helical trimerization domain of the human matrilin protein (sequence 51).
- the trimerization domain of the matriline consists of an alpha helix that trimesters in a parallel trimeric coiled-coil structure, also forming six disulfide bridges in which two tanks of the N-terminal end participate.
- Disulfide bridges guarantee trimerization even at very low concentrations, an advantage over trimerization based only on non-covalent interactions.
- the spacer segment composed of GIy and Ser is highly flexible. Sequences of similar composition have been used multiple times as spacer sequences in protein engineering. Although a sequence of 10 residues can cause a spatial distance of 35 A, compatible with the trivalent union to the virion, this would only be achieved for a fully extended conformation of the segment. In solution, the spacer segment can adopt a large number of possible conformations, which are in thermodynamic equilibrium, so that the adoption of a fully extended conformation would mean a considerable entropic loss.
- EXAMPLE No. 10 Obtaining plasmids encoding a single chain antibody fragment (scFv 4G2), a trivalent molecule (TB4G2), and a single chain mini-antibody (MA4G2) with the variable regions of the 4G2 antibody.
- scFv 4G2 single chain antibody fragment
- T4G2 trivalent molecule
- MA4G2 single chain mini-antibody
- XL-1 Blue A high efficieney plasmid transforming recA Escher ⁇ chia coli K12 strain with beta-galactosidase selection. Biotechniques 1987; 5: 376-8) according to Sambrook et al. (Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T. Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual. New York, USA: CoId Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; 1989) and plasmids present in colonies obtained in selective media were investigated by restriction analysis. The sequence of several recombinant plasmids resulting from each transformation was verified by automatic sequencing, and for each reaction a representative molecule was chosen whose sequence corresponded to the expected one.
- Plasmids were called pET-scFv 4G2 LH ( Figure 5, Sequence No. 18) for the expression of the single chain antibody fragment, pET-TB4G2 LH ( Figure 6A, Sequence No. 19) for the expression of the multimeric molecule, and pET-MA4G2 LH ( Figure 6B, Sequence No. 20) for the expression of the single chain mini-antibody carrying the variable regions of 4G2.
- G 3 glycines
- the induced culture thus obtained was centrifuged at 5000 xg for 30 min. at 4 o C, and from the resulting biomass the periplasmic fraction was extracted by the method of Ausubel et al. (Ausubel, FM, Brent, R., Kingston, RE, Moore, DD, Seidman, JG, Smith, JA and Struhl, K (1989) in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. John Wiley & Sons, New York).
- the periplasmic fraction was dialyzed in 50 mM phosphate buffer pH 7/20 mM imidazole using a membrane with a cutting weight of 6000 Da, and the TB4G2 protein was purified therefrom by metal chelate affinity chromatography (Sulkowski, E. ( 1985) Purification of proteins by IMAC Trends Biotechnol. 3, 1-7) using Ni-NTA agarose (Qiagen Benelux BV, The Netherlands) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
- EXAMPLE 12 Neutralization of the viral infection of the MAG4G2 and TB4G2 proteins.
- Fab2 and scFv4G2 were obtained by digestion with papain and pepsin respectively of the antibody Complete and purified by protein affinity chromatography. Isoforms were isolated by ion exchange chromatography. The neutralizing titles were defined as the greatest dilution of the molecule where a 50% reduction in the number of viral plaques was obtained. The initial concentration of the different molecules tested was adjusted to an equimolar concentration.
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