WO2006030786A1 - 異常診断装置及び異常診断方法 - Google Patents
異常診断装置及び異常診断方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006030786A1 WO2006030786A1 PCT/JP2005/016845 JP2005016845W WO2006030786A1 WO 2006030786 A1 WO2006030786 A1 WO 2006030786A1 JP 2005016845 W JP2005016845 W JP 2005016845W WO 2006030786 A1 WO2006030786 A1 WO 2006030786A1
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- Prior art keywords
- component
- abnormality
- signal
- frequency
- abnormality diagnosis
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
- F16C19/525—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to temperature and heat, e.g. insulation
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
- F16C19/52—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions
- F16C19/527—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with devices affected by abnormal or undesired conditions related to vibration and noise
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H1/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector
- G01H1/003—Measuring characteristics of vibrations in solids by using direct conduction to the detector of rotating machines
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M13/00—Testing of machine parts
- G01M13/04—Bearings
- G01M13/045—Acoustic or vibration analysis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C2233/00—Monitoring condition, e.g. temperature, load, vibration
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an abnormality diagnosis device and an abnormality diagnosis method for rotating or sliding parts used in mechanical equipment such as, for example, an axle of a railway vehicle, a gear box, or a reduction gear of a wind turbine for power generation.
- the present invention relates to an abnormality diagnosing device and an abnormality diagnosing method for specifying presence / absence or a sign of abnormality of the component, or an abnormal part thereof.
- bearings and other rotating parts are regularly inspected for abnormalities such as damage and wear.
- This periodic inspection is carried out by disassembling the machinery and equipment that incorporates the rotating parts, and damage and wear that occurs in the rotating parts are discovered by visual inspection by the person in charge.
- the main defects discovered by inspection include indentations caused by foreign object stagnation, peeling due to rolling fatigue, other wear, etc. in the case of gears, missing teeth or wear, etc. in the case of gears.
- there is wear such as flats, and in any case, if irregularities or wear that are not found in new products are found, they will be replaced with new products.
- Patent Documents 1 to 7 various methods for diagnosing abnormalities in rotating parts in an actual operating state without disassembling the mechanical equipment incorporating the rotating parts have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 7).
- an accelerometer is installed in the bearing section, the vibration acceleration of the bearing section is measured, and this signal is processed by FFT (Fast Fourier Transform).
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
- a temperature sensor is mounted on a bearing box in a railway vehicle, and when the detected temperature rises above a reference value, an abnormal signal is issued to the cab or the ground side force temperature is measured.
- the bearings are monitored for abnormalities.
- the state of the bearing is constantly monitored by vibration or a temperature sensor, and when each value rises above the reference value, an abnormality alarm is output, To stop the operation.
- Patent Document 8 proposes a device that detects a defect state of a railroad vehicle wheel and a track through which a train passes by a vibration sensor, a rotation measuring device, or the like.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-22617
- Patent Document 2 JP-A-9 79915
- Patent Document 3 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-125244
- Patent Document 4 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-202276
- Patent Document 5 European Patent Application Publication No. 1338873 (corresponding to Patent Document 4 European Patent Application Publication)
- Patent Document 6 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-257836
- Patent Document 7 European Patent Application Publication No. 1548419 (corresponding to Patent Document 6 European Patent Application Publication)
- Patent Document 8 Japanese Patent Publication No. 9-500452
- Patent Document 9 US Pat. No. 5,433,111 (corresponding US Patent Publication of Patent Document 8)
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 4 148839
- Patent Document 11 Special Table 2003-535755
- Patent Document 12 International Publication No. 01Z94175 Pamphlet (Patent Document 11 Corresponding International Application Publication)
- the presence / absence of an abnormality of a rotating component is determined based on a signal from one of a temperature sensor and a vibration sensor.
- seizure abnormality it is difficult to detect the abnormality before it overheats due to temperature rise, and stable operation such as an abnormal alarm is generated due to sudden disturbance noise etc. There is a problem of being disturbed.
- this device that even if an abnormality warning is issued and the operation of the machine is stopped, it is not possible to identify the abnormal part.
- a rotation driving means such as a motor for transmitting a rotation driving force to the rotating component is attached to the device in which the rotating component is incorporated.
- electrical disturbance noise such as electromagnetic noise suddenly occurs when the motor is driven, the SN ratio (signal-to-noise ratio) for abnormal diagnosis deteriorates, and an abnormal alarm is issued due to erroneous diagnosis.
- the SN ratio signal-to-noise ratio
- the defect state that shows abnormal vibration in a railway vehicle is caused by a force caused by a flat wheel, a force caused by an axle bearing, or a track or other abnormality. There is a problem that it cannot be identified.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and its purpose is to improve diagnostic accuracy in an actual operating state without disassembling the mechanical equipment that incorporates rotating or sliding parts.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosis device and an abnormality diagnosis method for diagnosing an abnormality in a rotating or sliding part while ensuring.
- the first object of the present invention is to simultaneously diagnose the presence or absence of parts and the degree of damage in actual operation without disassembling the mechanical equipment incorporating rotating or sliding parts.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosing device capable of performing a highly reliable abnormality diagnosis with a high SN ratio by preventing erroneous diagnosis due to the influence of sudden disturbance noise and the like.
- the second object of the present invention is that even when the actual rotational speed cannot be directly captured.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosis device and an abnormality diagnosis method capable of specifying the presence or absence of an abnormality and an abnormal part while ensuring diagnosis accuracy.
- a third object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosis device capable of specifying the presence or absence of an abnormality and an abnormal portion even if a plurality of rotating parts having different design dimension specifications are incorporated in an arbitrary portion. It is in.
- a fourth object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosis device and an abnormality diagnosis method capable of reducing the burden of creating a report of diagnosis results.
- a fifth object of the present invention is to provide an abnormality diagnosis device and an abnormality that can accurately detect a state where an abnormality of a part such as a wheel flat in a railway vehicle has occurred and identify the wheel. It is to provide a diagnostic method.
- the object of the present invention is achieved by the following configurations.
- An abnormality diagnosing device used for mechanical equipment with parts that rotate or slide relative to a stationary member.
- a detection unit fixed to a rotating or sliding part or a stationary member and having at least one vibration system sensor and a temperature sensor of a vibration sensor, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an AE sensor;
- the signal processing unit determines the presence or absence of abnormality of parts, the presence or absence of abnormality, and the degree of damage based on the combination of the measurement result from the vibration system sensor and the measurement result from the temperature sensor. Diagnostic device.
- the signal processing unit sets the measured value or rate of change in advance and compares each specified value to determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the part or whether there is an abnormality or the degree of damage.
- the abnormality diagnosis device sets the measured value or rate of change in advance and compares each specified value to determine whether or not there is an abnormality in the part or whether there is an abnormality or the degree of damage.
- an abnormality diagnosis device that is
- a detection unit fixed to a component or a stationary member, and having at least one of a vibration sensor, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an AE sensor, and a temperature sensor;
- An abnormality diagnosing device characterized by diagnosing a component abnormality based on a vibration or temperature detection signal from a detection unit during inertial movement of the component within a predetermined speed region when the drive device is not energized.
- a detection unit having at least one of a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor, and a vibration sensor, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and an AE sensor, fixed to a component or a stationary member,
- the abnormality diagnosis apparatus characterized by diagnosing the abnormality of the component based on the detection signal of the vibration or temperature detection unit.
- the feature is that the abnormality of the component is diagnosed based on the vibration or temperature detection signal by the detector during inertial rotation within the rotational speed region of the component when the drive unit is not energized.
- the abnormality diagnosis device Provided with a rotation speed sensor that detects the rotation speed of the drive unit, and the component that links the rotation speed detection signal from the rotation speed sensor with the vibration or temperature detection signal from the sensor.
- the abnormality diagnosis device according to any one of (3) to (7), characterized by diagnosing any abnormality.
- the signal processing unit compares the frequency component resulting from component damage calculated based on the rotational speed signal with the comparison / collation unit that compares the frequency component of the measured data based on the signal detected by the vibration system sensor.
- the signal processing unit includes a filter processing unit that removes unnecessary frequency bands from the signal waveform detected by the vibration system sensor, and an envelope process that detects the absolute value of the filtered waveform transferred from the filter processing unit.
- the abnormality diagnosing device further comprising: a frequency analysis unit that analyzes the frequency of the transferred waveform.
- An abnormality diagnosing device for use in mechanical equipment having at least one component that rotates or slides,
- At least one detector that outputs the signal generated from the mechanical equipment as an electrical signal and frequency analysis of the waveform of the electrical signal!
- the peak of the spectrum that is larger than the reference value calculated based on the spectrum obtained by frequency analysis
- the frequency between peaks and the frequency component resulting from component damage calculated based on the rotation speed signal or movement speed signal are compared and verified, and the presence or absence of abnormal parts and the abnormal part are determined based on the comparison results.
- An abnormality diagnosis device comprising:
- An abnormality diagnosis device comprising:
- the signal processing unit filters the waveform of the electrical signal and converts it into a full-wave rectified waveform every time the threshold is exceeded, a value that exceeds the threshold for a predetermined time according to the rotational speed signal.
- the abnormality diagnosis device according to (13), wherein a waveform converted so as to be held in the waveform is configured and a possibility that an abnormality has occurred in a component is notified by the number of times that the waveform exceeds a threshold value per predetermined number of revolutions. .
- the signal processing unit determines the truth of the possibility that an abnormality has occurred in the part due to the number of times that the waveform converted to hold the threshold exceeds the threshold per predetermined number of revolutions, using multiple statistical judgments.
- the abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to (14).
- An abnormality diagnosing device used for mechanical equipment having at least one component that rotates or slides,
- An abnormality diagnosis apparatus comprising: a signal processing unit that compares and collates components with a variable tolerance, and determines the presence / absence of an abnormality of a component and an abnormal part based on the collation result.
- An abnormality diagnosis device used in machinery equipment equipped with rotating parts, which performs frequency analysis of the waveform of the electrical signal with at least one detection unit that outputs the signal generated from the machinery equipment as an electrical signal!
- the frequency component of the measured spectrum data obtained by frequency analysis and the frequency component caused by the rotating parts are compared and verified with an allowable range, and the presence or absence and abnormal part of the rotating parts are determined based on the verification result.
- An abnormality diagnosis device comprising:
- the allowable width is the upper limit calculated from the rotational speed of the rotating part and the design dimensions of the rotating part.
- a region having a value and a lower limit value is divided into at least one region, a center value of each divided region is obtained, and at least one allowable width of an arbitrary size given to the center value.
- An abnormality diagnosis device characterized by comparing and collating frequency components of measured spectrum data with frequency components caused by rotating parts for each at least one allowable width
- the permissible width is given in at least one of a case where the rotating part includes a plurality of rotating parts having different design dimension specifications and a case where the rotational speed of the rotating part fluctuates ( The abnormality diagnosis device according to 18).
- At least one detection unit that outputs the signal generated from the mechanical equipment as an electrical signal, and the frequency analysis of the waveform of the electrical signal!
- the frequency component of the measured spectrum data obtained by the frequency analysis and the above components A signal processing unit that compares and matches frequency components, and determines the presence / absence of an abnormality of a part and an abnormal part based on the comparison result,
- a reference value used for comparison and collation is calculated based on a limited frequency range of measured spectrum data.
- An abnormality diagnosing device used for mechanical equipment having at least one component that rotates or slides,
- the frequency component of the measured spectrum data obtained by frequency analysis and the frequency caused by the component A signal processing unit that compares and compares the components and determines the presence / absence and abnormal part of the part based on the comparison result;
- a storage unit for storing the diagnosis result diagnosed by the signal processing unit, an output unit for outputting the diagnosis result in a predetermined format
- a report creation unit that creates a report on the output result output by the output unit based on at least one program
- An abnormality diagnosis apparatus comprising:
- the detection unit has at least one of a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the mechanical equipment and a rotational speed sensor that detects the rotational speed of rotating parts.
- the abnormality diagnosis device according to any one of (11) to (24), characterized in that the sensor has an integrated sensor housed in the housing.
- the abnormality diagnosis device according to any one of (1) to (26), further including data transmission means for transmitting a determination result by the signal processing unit.
- the abnormality diagnosing device according to any one of (1) to (27), characterized by comprising a microphone computer that performs processing by the signal processing unit and processing for outputting the determination result to the control system. .
- the peak value of the spectrum is larger than the reference value calculated based on the spectrum obtained in the analysis process. And comparing and comparing the frequency between the peaks and the frequency component resulting from component damage calculated based on the rotation speed signal or the movement speed signal;
- An abnormality diagnosis method comprising:
- An abnormality diagnosis method for use in a mechanical facility provided with at least one component that rotates or slides,
- An abnormality diagnosis method comprising: a step of detecting the presence or absence of.
- an area having an upper limit value and a lower limit value calculated from the rotational speed of the rotating part and the design dimensions of the rotating part is divided into at least one area. Determining at least one tolerance having an arbitrary size given to the center value;
- An abnormality diagnosis method comprising:
- An abnormality diagnosis method characterized in that a reference value used for comparison and collation is calculated based on a limited frequency range of measured spectrum data.
- An abnormality diagnosis method comprising:
- the invention's effect [0023]
- vibration and temperature information associated with the rotating state of the rotating component or the sliding state of the sliding component are simultaneously detected, and the measurement result by the vibration system sensor and the temperature sensor are used. Based on the combination with the measurement results, the presence / absence of an abnormality and the degree of damage are judged at the same time, so it is possible to judge the degree of damage using the characteristics of the abnormal form of rotation or sliding parts related to vibration and temperature. .
- the peak of the spectrum that is larger than the reference value calculated based on the spectrum obtained by frequency analysis is extracted, and the frequency between the peaks and the rotational speed signal or moving speed are extracted.
- the frequency component resulting from damage of the rotating or sliding component calculated based on the signal is compared and verified, and the presence or absence and abnormality location of the component are determined based on the verification result, so the actual rotational speed is directly captured. If the rotation speed data used in the calculation does not match the actual rotation speed, It is possible to accurately identify the presence or absence of abnormalities and abnormal parts.
- the frequency component of the measured spectrum data obtained by frequency analysis and the frequency component caused by a rotating or sliding part have a variable allowable range. Since the comparison and verification were performed, and the presence or absence of parts and the abnormal part were determined based on the result of the comparison, the actual rotation speed data used in the calculation was actually not available when the actual rotation speed could not be directly captured. Even if there is a deviation from the rotational speed of! /, It is possible to accurately identify the presence or absence of an abnormality and the location of the abnormality.
- At least one region having an upper limit value and a lower limit value calculated from the rotational speed of the rotating component and the design dimension of the rotating component is provided. Are divided into two, the center value of each divided area is obtained, and comparison and verification is performed with at least one allowable width of an arbitrary size given to the center value. Even when a number of rotating parts are incorporated in an arbitrary part or when the rotational speed of the rotating part fluctuates, it is possible to identify the presence or absence of an abnormality and the part of the abnormality.
- the frequency component and rotation or! is calculated based on the limited frequency range of the measured spectrum data when comparing and collating frequency components caused by sliding parts.
- the diagnosis accuracy can be improved by making it difficult to receive, and whether there is an abnormality. And abnormal sites can be identified.
- diagnostic results such as the presence / absence of an abnormality, the location of the abnormality, and a spectrum waveform at the time of diagnosis (actual spectrum data) are output in a predetermined format. Since the output result is generated based on at least one program, it is easy to create a report based on the diagnosis result.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an abnormality diagnosis device in which a diagnosis object according to a first embodiment of the present invention is a rolling bearing device for a vehicle equipped with a double row tapered roller bearing.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a signal processing system of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing the change over time in vibration value when bearing seizure abnormality occurs.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the change over time in the temperature of the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring when a bearing seizure abnormality occurs.
- FIG. 5 A diagram showing the relationship between a scratched part of a rolling bearing and the frequency of vibration generated due to the scratch.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a relational expression of an abnormal vibration frequency generated by gear meshing.
- FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a signal processing system of an abnormality diagnosis device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a rotation state determination unit according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of a rotation state determination unit of the abnormality diagnosis device according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a block diagram of the signal processing unit in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the abnormality diagnosis method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. Is.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to a seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic view of an abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of a railway vehicle bearing device that is a mechanical facility in which a detection unit of the abnormality diagnosis device is incorporated.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an abnormality diagnosis apparatus in which the eighth embodiment and the seventh embodiment of the present invention are combined.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of an abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a block diagram of the abnormality diagnosis module shown in FIG.
- FIG. 22 is a flowchart showing a processing flow of the abnormality diagnosis module shown in FIG. ⁇ 23] It is a figure for explaining the processing waveform of the abnormality diagnosis of the ninth embodiment of the present invention. ⁇ 24] It is a block diagram of an abnormality diagnosis module according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention. 25] FIG. 25 is an explanatory diagram of the malfunction of the abnormality diagnosis module shown in FIG.
- ⁇ 26 It is a block diagram of an abnormality diagnosis module according to an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing processing waveforms of the digital processing unit shown in FIG. 26.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing processing waveforms of the digital processing unit shown in FIG. 26.
- ⁇ 28 A graph showing a vibration waveform by the vibration sensor when the motor is not energized in Test 2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 31 For explaining the abnormality diagnosis of Example 3 of Test 4 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 32 A diagram for explaining the abnormality diagnosis of Example 4 of Test 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 33 A diagram for explaining the abnormality diagnosis of Example 5 of Test 4 according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 34 A diagram for explaining an abnormality diagnosis of test 5 according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. ⁇ 35] A diagram for explaining a conventional abnormality diagnosis in test 5 according to the fifth embodiment.
- ⁇ 36 A diagram for explaining an abnormality diagnosis of test 6 according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
- ⁇ 37 Another view for explaining abnormality diagnosis of test 6 according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram for explaining an abnormality diagnosis of test 7 according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram for explaining an abnormality diagnosis of test 8 according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram for explaining a conventional abnormality diagnosis in test 8 according to the seventh embodiment.
- Vibration sensor Vibration sensor
- the rolling force for rolling stock which is a mechanical facility to which the abnormality diagnosis device is applied
- ⁇ bearing device 10 consists of a double-row tapered roller bearing 11, which is a rotating component, and part of a rolling stock for a rolling stock.
- a bearing box 12 which is a stationary member constituting the.
- the abnormality diagnosis device detects a signal generated from the rolling bearing device 10 and a state of abnormality of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 from the electric signal output from the detection unit 31.
- a controller 80 including a signal processing unit 81 and a control unit 84 that drives and controls the rolling bearing device 10 and an output device 90 such as a monitor 93 and an alarm device 94 are provided.
- the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 rotatably supports an axle 13 of a railway vehicle that is a rotating shaft that is rotationally driven by a driving motor 13a that is a driving device, and is inclined like a tapered outer surface on an outer peripheral surface.
- a pair of inner rings 14, 14 with inner ring raceway surfaces 15, 15, and a conical inner surface A single outer ring 16 having a pair of outer ring raceway surfaces 17 and 17 inclined in a plane, and a double row between inner ring raceway surfaces 15 and 15 of inner rings 14 and 14, and outer ring raceway surfaces 17 and 17 of outer ring 16
- Tapered rollers 18 and 18, which are multiple rolling elements, annular punching cages 19 and 19 that hold the tapered rollers 18 and 18 in a freely rolling manner, and both ends of the outer ring 16 in the axial direction are mounted.
- a pair of seal members 20 and 20 are provided.
- the drive motor 13a is repeatedly energized (ON) and de-energized (OFF), and the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 rotates together with the axle 13 when the drive motor 13a is not energized.
- the bearing box 12 includes a housing 21 that constitutes a side frame of a railcar bogie.
- the housing 21 is formed in a cylindrical shape so as to cover the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 16.
- a front lid 22 is disposed on the front end side in the axial direction of the housing 21, and a rear lid 23 is disposed on the rear end side in the axial direction of the housing 21.
- An inner ring spacer 24 is disposed between the pair of inner rings 14 and 14.
- An axle 13 is press-fitted into the pair of inner rings 14 and 14 and the inner ring spacer 24, and the outer ring 16 is fitted in the housing 21.
- the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 is loaded with a radial load due to the weight of various members and an arbitrary axial load, and the upper portion of the outer ring 16 in the circumferential direction is a load zone.
- the load zone refers to a region where a load is applied to the rolling elements.
- One seal member 20 disposed on the front end side of the axle 13 is assembled between the outer end portion of the outer ring 16 and the front lid 22, and the other seal member 20 disposed on the rear end side. Is assembled between the outer end of the outer ring 16 and the rear lid 23.
- a double row circle on the outer peripheral portion of the housing 21 is formed at a substantially central position in the axial direction of the roller bearing 11, and a through hole 26 penetrating in the radial direction is formed.
- the detection unit 31 constituting the unit is fixed in a state of being accommodated in a single casing 27.
- the detection unit 31 includes a vibration system sensor capable of detecting at least one vibration of a vibration sensor, an AE (acoustic emission) sensor, an acoustic sensor, and an ultrasonic sensor, and a temperature sensor integrated in a housing 27.
- 1 includes a vibration sensor 32 and a temperature sensor 33.
- the vibration sensor 32 is a vibration measuring element such as a piezoelectric element.
- the vibration sensor 32 detects peeling of the inner and outer ring raceway surfaces 15, 15, 17, 17 of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11, missing gears, flat wear of the wheels, and the like. detection Used to do.
- the vibration sensor 32 is installed in a mechanical facility that has a lot of noise if it can generate vibrations, such as acceleration, speed, or displacement type, it is better to use an insulation type. It is preferable because it is not affected.
- the acoustic sensor it is more preferable for the acoustic sensor to collect sound when a microphone having a microphone port that can collect sound generated from an axle portion or the like as sound waves and convert it into an electric signal is used.
- the temperature sensor 33 is a non-contact type temperature measuring element such as a thermistor temperature measuring element, a platinum resistance thermometer, or a thermocouple, and is disposed in the vicinity of the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring 16 in the housing 27.
- a temperature fuse that does not conduct when the ambient temperature exceeds a specified value and the bimetal contact is separated or the contact is blown can be used. In that case, when the temperature of the rolling bearing device 10 exceeds a specified value, the temperature fuse is cut off and a temperature abnormality is detected.
- the detection unit 31 is attached to the load area of the radial load of the bearing box 12 that is fitted to the non-rotating side raceway of the double row tapered roller bearing 11. For this reason, for example, when the bearing track surface is damaged, the impact force generated when the rolling element passes through the damaged portion is larger in the load zone than in the no-load zone. Abnormal vibration can be detected with high sensitivity.
- the detecting unit 31 can detect the vibration and temperature of gears and wheels (both not shown) according to the configuration of the mechanical equipment. it can.
- a rotational speed sensor 40 such as an encoder that detects the rotational speed of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 is provided.
- the signal processing unit 81 amplifies the vibration signal from the vibration sensor 32 and then outputs the amplified signal to the abnormality determination unit 42 via the vibration measurement value analysis unit 50 and at the same time uses the temperature sensor 33. After amplification of the temperature signal, it is output to the abnormality determination unit 42 via the temperature measurement value analysis unit 51. Tapered roller bearing 11 is checked for abnormality and degree of damage.
- each measured value may be an effective value or a peak value at an arbitrary time.
- Fig. 3 shows a change with time of vibration until a seizure abnormality occurs in the bearing
- Fig. 4 shows a change with time in temperature until a seizure abnormality occurs in the bearing.
- the vibration and temperature measured values at points A, B, and C or the rate of change with time are obtained, and these values are set in advance.
- the presence or absence of abnormality and the degree of damage of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 are judged by comparing with the value.
- the vibration information from the vibration sensor 32 is subjected to a frequency analysis by applying a filter process to the vibration waveform and then performing an envelope process to determine whether there is damage such as a scratch on the bearing and a damaged part.
- the reliability of abnormality diagnosis is assured by making it possible to identify the error.
- the vibration signal generated by the vibration sensor 32 is transferred to the filter unit 35 after amplification and AZD conversion via a wired or wireless signal transmission means 34.
- the filter unit 35 Based on the natural frequency of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 stored in the natural frequency storage unit 36, the filter unit 35 extracts only a predetermined frequency band corresponding to the natural frequency from the vibration signal. .
- the vibration signal amplification and AZD conversion may be performed before transmission. The order of amplification and AZD conversion may be reversed.
- This natural frequency is obtained by subjecting the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 to the object to be measured and applying vibration by the striking method, and frequency-analyzing the sound generated by the vibration detector attached to the object to be measured or striking. And can be obtained more easily.
- the object to be measured is a double row tapered roller bearing
- the natural frequency due to any of the inner ring, outer ring, rolling element, cage, etc. is given.
- the envelope processing unit 37 performs an absolute value detection process for detecting the absolute value of the waveform for the predetermined frequency band extracted by the filter unit 35. Further, the frequency analysis unit 38 performs waveform frequency analysis processing, and the actual measurement data is transferred to the comparison / verification unit 39.
- the theoretical frequency calculation unit 41 calculates the frequency that is calculated based on the rotation speed information from the rotation speed sensor 40 and that is caused by damage to rotating parts such as bearing separation, gear loss, and wheel flatness.
- the value data is transferred to the comparison / verification unit 39.
- the calculated value data is frequency data resulting from damage to the inner ring, outer ring, rolling element, and cage as shown in FIG. Further, when the rotating component is a gear, the frequency data is caused by scratches as shown in FIG.
- the comparison / verification unit 39 compares the comparison between the actual measurement value data and the calculated value data, and the abnormality determination unit 42 determines the presence / absence of abnormality, the identification of the abnormal part, and the degree of damage.
- the output device 90 outputs judgment results such as the presence / absence of abnormality of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11, the degree of damage, identification of the abnormal part, etc., and if an abnormality is detected, it issues an alarm or other warning.
- the result is taken into the storage unit.
- the information transfer from the abnormality determination unit 42 to the output device 90 is performed by a data transmission unit 92 such as wired or wireless.
- the determination result may be output to the control unit 84 that controls the operation of the drive mechanism of the rolling bearing device 10, and a control signal corresponding to the determination result may be fed back.
- vibration signal processing after amplification performs various data processing and calculations, and for example, a computer or a dedicated microchip can be used. It is also possible to perform arithmetic processing after the detected signal is stored in a storage means such as a memory.
- vibration and temperature information associated with the rotation state of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 that is a rotating component is simultaneously detected, and a vibration sensor, an acoustic sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, or an AE sensor is detected.
- Measurement results by vibration system sensors and temperature sensor Therefore, it is possible to determine the degree of damage using the characteristics of the abnormal form of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 with respect to vibration and temperature.
- the presence or absence of abnormality is diagnosed and determined a plurality of times by combining vibration and temperature measurement values or rate of change.
- the vibration information is filtered and enveloped into a frequency component resulting from damage to the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 calculated based on the rotational speed signal and the vibration waveform of the signal detected by the vibration sensor 32.
- a frequency component resulting from damage to the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 calculated based on the rotational speed signal and the vibration waveform of the signal detected by the vibration sensor 32.
- the signal processing unit 81 determines the inertial rotation state within the predetermined rotation speed region of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 when the drive motor 13a (see Fig. 1) is not energized. Detection is based on the OFF signal of the sensor 40 and the drive motor 13a, and at the time of detection, double row circular! / And abnormality of the roller bearing 11 are diagnosed based on detection signals from the vibration sensor 32 and the temperature sensor 33.
- the vibration signal generated by the vibration sensor 32 and the temperature signal generated by the temperature sensor 33 are transferred to the rotation state determination unit 52 after amplification and AZD conversion via the signal transmission means 34. Is done. Note that the vibration signal amplification and AZD conversion may be performed before transmission, and the order of amplification and AZD conversion may be reversed.
- the rotation state determination unit 52 drives the drive motor 13a within a predetermined rotation speed region. Thereafter, it is determined whether or not the inertial rotation region force is obtained when the drive motor 13a is de-energized. For example, as shown in the processing flow of FIG. 8, the rotation state determination unit 52 determines whether or not the driving motor side OFF signal is being output (step S11), and the rotation speed sensor 40 also outputs a duplicate. It is determined whether or not the rotational speed information of the row tapered roller bearing 11 is within a predetermined rotational speed range set in advance (step S12).
- an OFF signal (non-energized) on the drive motor side is not output, or the rotational speed information of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 from the rotational speed sensor 40 is not within a predetermined rotational speed region set in advance. If so, return to step S11 to repeat the process.
- the OFF signal on the drive motor side is output to the rotation state determination unit 52 and the rotation speed information of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 from the rotation speed sensor 40 is within a predetermined rotation speed region set in advance. Detects the vibration signal and temperature signal at that time, and transfers them to the filter unit 35 and the temperature measurement value analysis unit 51 (step S13).
- the rotational state determination unit 52 When the rotational speed information of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 is confirmed to be within a predetermined rotational speed region, the rotational state determination unit 52 outputs an OFF signal of the drive motor. Based on this, the vibration signal and the temperature signal may be detected. Alternatively, if it is determined that the drive motor 13a is not energized by the transition of the rotational speed information from the rotational speed sensor 40, the rotational speed detection signal from the rotational speed sensor 40 and the vibration or temperature from the detection unit 31 are detected. An abnormality of the rotating part may be diagnosed in conjunction with the detection signal.
- the vibration information is processed in the same manner as in the first embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, and the abnormality determination unit 42 performs double-row tapered rollers. Existence of abnormal vibration of bearing 11 and identification of abnormal part.
- the output device 90 performs an abnormality determination of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 and outputs a specific result of the abnormal part, and an alarm such as an alarm is issued or the determination result is taken into the storage unit.
- the temperature signal detected when the OFF signal on the drive motor side is output and the rotational speed information of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 is within a predetermined rotational speed range set in advance is After being processed by the measurement value analysis unit 51, it is output to the abnormality determination unit 42.
- the abnormality determination unit 42 determines whether or not a preset threshold value is exceeded, and does not exceed the threshold value. If it exceeds the threshold value, it is determined that an abnormality such as seizure has occurred in the bearing, and the output device 90 determines the abnormality of the double row tapered roller bearing 11. Is output, and an alarm such as an alarm is issued.
- the signal processing unit 81 is the vibration sensor 32 in the inertial rotation state within the predetermined rotation speed region of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 when the drive motor 13a is not energized. And double row circles based on detection signals from the temperature sensor 33! /, So as to diagnose the abnormality of the roller bearings 11, the double row circles and the roller bearings 11 are incorporated. It is possible to diagnose abnormalities in double-row tapered roller bearings 11 in actual operation without disassembling the rolling bearing device 10 and to suppress electrical disturbance noise such as electromagnetic noise when driving the drive motor 13a. This makes it possible to detect signals with high sensitivity and high signal-to-noise ratio (signal-to-noise ratio), and to perform highly reliable abnormality diagnosis.
- the influence of electrical disturbance noise such as electromagnetic noise is greater in the vibration sensor 32 than in the temperature sensor 33.
- the means 34 may be transferred to the rotation state determination unit 52, and the signal transmission means 34 may be transferred from the temperature sensor 33 to the temperature measurement value analysis unit 51 without passing through the rotation state determination unit 52.
- the rotation state determination unit 52 receives the rotation speed information of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 from the rotation speed sensor 40. There determines a force whether it is LOOmin- 1 or 1500min _1 following rotational speed region (step S21). Then, when the rotational speed information of the double row tapered roller bearing 11 is one or more 1500min _1 less speed range outside lOOmin- may repeat the process returns to step S21.
- the rotational state determination unit 52 in FIG. 7 does not use the output of the OFF signal of the drive motor 13a, and the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 is lOOmin ⁇ 1 or more. configured to determine whether the 1500min _1 following rotational speed region.
- the rotational state determination unit 52 force using the output of the OFF signal of the drive motor 13a or the rotational speed information by the rotational speed sensor 40 It may be determined that the drive motor 13a is in a non-energized state based on the transition of. Therefore, when inertial rotation with double row tapered roller bearing 11 is LOOmin- 1 or more 1500min _1 following rotational speed region, in a child detecting vibration signals and temperature signal, the influence of the electromagnetic component at the time of driving the motor 13a energized This makes it possible to diagnose abnormalities with higher accuracy.
- the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 is diagnosed for an abnormality, so that the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 is incorporated and the rolling bearing device 10 for a railway vehicle is installed without disassembling.
- Abnormalities of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 can be diagnosed in the operating state, and the excitation force caused by damage such as separation of the double-row tapered roller bearing 11 or flat wear of the wheels is not affected by disturbance noise, etc. Detection is possible at a high signal-to-noise ratio, and as a result, a reliable abnormality diagnosis can be performed.
- the double row tapered roller bearing 11 rotates within the above rotational speed range.
- the gear train may be intermittently engaged using a clutch mechanism or the like, and in addition to the second and third embodiments, the gear train may be engaged by the clutch.
- the mechanical gear train noise and noise are detected. It is not affected by electrical noise, and an abnormality diagnosis with a high signal-to-noise ratio is possible. Note that the efficiency of diagnosis can be improved by outputting a signal to the drive motor when the gear train is disengaged and performing vibration and temperature signal detection and abnormality diagnosis after the drive motor is de-energized.
- the abnormality diagnosis device detects a state of abnormality of rotating parts of the mechanical facility 60 from the detection unit 70 that detects a signal generated from the mechanical facility 60 and the electric signal output from the detection unit 70.
- a controller 80 including a signal processing unit 82 for determining and a control unit 84 for driving and controlling the mechanical equipment 60, and an output device 90 such as a monitor 93 and an alarm device 94 are provided.
- the mechanical equipment 60 is provided with a rolling bearing 62 that is a rotating part.
- the rolling bearing 62 is an inner ring 64 that is a rotating ring that is externally fitted to a rotating shaft (not shown).
- An outer ring 66 that is a fixed ring fitted in a housing (not shown), a ball 68 that is a plurality of rolling elements arranged between the inner ring 64 and the outer ring 66, and the ball 68 can roll freely.
- a retainer (not shown) for retaining.
- the detection unit 70 includes a sensor 72 that detects vibrations generated from the mechanical equipment 60 during operation.
- the sensor 72 is fixed in the vicinity of the outer ring of the housing by bolt fixing, bonding, bolt fixing and bonding, or embedding with a molding material. In the case of bolt fixation, a rotation stop function may be provided. Further, when the sensor 72 is molded, the waterproofness is achieved and the vibration proofing against external vibration is improved, so that the reliability of the sensor 72 itself can be drastically improved.
- the sensor 72 may be any vibration system sensor capable of detecting vibrations.
- a Any device that can electrically transmit vibration such as an E (acoustic emission) sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a shock pulse sensor, or the like, acceleration, speed, strain, stress, displacement type, or the like may be used.
- E acoustic emission
- ultrasonic sensor acoustic sensor
- shock pulse sensor or the like
- acceleration, speed, strain, stress, displacement type, or the like may be used.
- an insulation type when installing on mechanical equipment with a lot of noise, it is preferable to use an insulation type because it is less affected by noise.
- the sensor 72 uses a vibration detecting element such as a piezoelectric element, this element may be molded into plastic or the like.
- the mechanical equipment 60 of the present embodiment can detect vibrations of gears, wheels (not shown) and the like by the sensor 72 in addition to the rolling bearing 62.
- the detection unit 70 has a single sensor 72 for detecting vibrations generated from the mechanical equipment, and a single temperature sensor or rotational speed sensor for detecting the temperature of the mechanical equipment. It may be an integrated sensor housed in the housing. In this case, it is preferable that the integrated sensor is fixed to a flat portion of a bearing box for fixing the rolling S bearing 62 (see FIG. 18).
- the temperature sensor may be a temperature fuse of a type in which when the temperature reaches a certain specified value, the bimetal contact is released, and the contact is blown to cause no conduction. As a result, if a temperature higher than a specified value is detected, the thermal fuse will not conduct, and an abnormality can be detected.
- the controller 80 including the signal processing unit 82 and the control unit 84 is configured by a microcomputer (IC chip, CPU, MPU, DSP, etc.), and from the sensor 72 via the data transmission means 74. Receive the electrical signal.
- a microcomputer IC chip, CPU, MPU, DSP, etc.
- the signal processing unit 82 includes a data storage / distribution unit 100, a rotation analysis unit 102, a filter processing unit 104, a vibration analysis unit 106, a comparison determination unit 108, and an internal data storage unit 110.
- the data storage / distribution unit 100 receives and temporarily stores the electrical signal from the sensor 72 and the electrical signal related to the rotational speed, and distributes the signal to one of the analysis units 102 and 106 according to the type of the signal. It has a collection and distribution function.
- Various signals are AZD converted into digital signals by AD conversion (not shown) before being sent to the data storage / distribution unit 100, amplified by an amplifier (not shown), and then sent to the data storage / distribution unit 100. Note that the order of AZD conversion and amplification may be reversed.
- the rotation analysis unit 102 calculates the rotation speed of the inner ring 64, that is, the rotation shaft, based on an output signal from a sensor (not shown) that detects the rotation speed, and compares the calculated rotation speed with the comparison determination unit 10. Send to 8.
- the detection element is composed of an encoder attached to the inner ring 64, a magnet and a magnetic detection element attached to the outer ring 66
- the signal output from the detection element is the shape and rotational speed of the encoder. It becomes a pulse signal according to.
- the rotation analysis unit 102 has a predetermined conversion function or conversion table corresponding to the shape of the encoder, and calculates the rotation speeds of the inner ring 64 and the rotating shaft from the noise signal according to the function or table.
- the filter processing unit 104 extracts only a predetermined frequency band corresponding to the natural frequency from the vibration signal based on the natural frequency of the rolling bearing 62 that is a rotating part, a gear, a wheel, or the like, and is unnecessary. Remove frequency band.
- This natural frequency can be easily obtained by vibrating the rotating part as an object to be measured and applying vibration by the striking method and analyzing the frequency of the vibration detector attached to the object to be measured or the sound generated by the striking. .
- the object to be measured is a rolling bearing
- the natural frequency due to any of the inner ring, outer ring, rolling element, cage, etc. is given.
- the vibration analysis unit 106 Based on the output signal from the sensor 72, the vibration analysis unit 106 performs frequency analysis of vibration generated in the bearing 62, gears, and wheels. Specifically, the vibration analysis unit 106 is an FFT calculation unit that calculates a frequency spectrum of a vibration signal, and calculates a frequency spectrum of vibration based on an FFT algorithm. The calculated frequency spectrum is transmitted by the comparison / determination unit 108. Further, the vibration analysis unit 106 may perform absolute value processing and envelope processing as preprocessing for performing FFT, and convert only to frequency components necessary for diagnosis. The vibration analysis unit 106 outputs the envelope data after the envelope processing to the comparison determination unit 108 as necessary.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 compares the frequency spectrum of the vibration by the vibration analysis unit 106 with a reference value used for abnormality diagnosis for calculating the frequency spectrum force, and extracts a peak component whose frequency spectrum force is larger than the reference value. Then, the frequency value between the peaks is calculated.
- a reference value used for abnormality diagnosis for calculating the frequency spectrum force is extracted from the relational expressions shown in FIG. 5 and FIG.
- the frequency component of the vibration generated by the rotating parts due to the abnormality of each rotating part that is, the bearing flaw component Sx (inner ring flaw component Si, outer ring flaw component So , Rolling element scratch component Sb and cage component Sc), scratch component Sg corresponding to gear squeezing
- the wear and unbalance component Sr of the rotating body such as a wheel is obtained, and the frequency value between the vibration generating frequency component and the peak is compared.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 specifies the presence / absence of an abnormality and an abnormal part based on the determination result.
- the calculation of the vibration generation frequency component is stored in the internal data storage unit 110 when the same diagnosis is performed before it can be performed, and the data is used. It's good.
- the design specification data of each rotating part used for calculation is input and stored in advance.
- the determination result in the comparison determination unit 108 may be stored in the internal data storage unit 110 such as a memory or HDD, or may be transmitted to the output device 90 via the data transmission unit 92. .
- the determination result may be output to the control unit 84 that controls the operation of the drive mechanism of the mechanical equipment 60, and a control signal corresponding to the determination result may be fed back.
- the output device 90 may display the determination result on a monitor or the like in real time! When an abnormality is detected, an alarm device such as a light or a buzzer is used to notify the abnormality. You can do it.
- the data transmission means 74 and 92 may be a good wire as long as signals can be transmitted and received accurately, or wireless considering the network may be used.
- the sensor 72 detects the vibration of each rotating component (step S101).
- the detected vibration signal is converted into a digital signal by AZD conversion (step S102), amplified by a predetermined amplification rate (step S103), and then converted to the natural vibration frequency of the rotating component by the filter processing unit 104.
- Filter processing for extracting only the corresponding predetermined frequency band is performed (step S104).
- the vibration analysis unit 106 performs envelope processing on the digital signal after filtering (step S 105), and obtains a frequency spectrum of the digital signal after envelope processing (step S 106).
- the rolling element scratch component Sb and the cage component Sc) the scratch component Sg corresponding to the meshing of the gears, and the wear and unbalance component Sr) of the rotating body such as the wheel are obtained (step S107).
- a reference value for example, sound pressure level or voltage level
- the reference value may be an effective value or a peak value of a digital signal of actually measured spectrum data at an arbitrary time, or may be calculated based on these values.
- step S109 a peak component larger than the reference value calculated in step S108 is extracted from the frequency spectrum obtained in step S106, and a frequency value between peaks is calculated (step S109). Then, the frequency value between the peaks and the vibration component frequency component of the rotating component in step S107 are compared (step S110), and if all the components do not match, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the rotating component (step S111). . On the other hand, if any of the components match, it is determined that there is an abnormality and the abnormal part is identified (step S112), and the comparison result is output to an output device such as the control unit 84, the monitor 93, or the alarm 94. Output to 90 (step S113).
- a peak of a spectrum that is larger than the reference value calculated based on the spectrum obtained by frequency analysis is extracted, and the rotational component calculated based on the frequency between the peaks and the rotation speed signal is extracted.
- the frequency component caused by damage is compared and verified, and the presence or absence and abnormal part of the rotating parts are identified based on the result of the comparison. If the actual rotational speed cannot be directly captured, the rotation used in the calculation Even if the speed data deviates from the actual rotational speed, it is possible to accurately identify the presence or absence of an abnormality and the location of the abnormality.
- abnormality diagnosis device and abnormality diagnosis method of the present invention it is possible to identify the presence or absence of an abnormality and the location of the abnormality without disassembling the mechanical equipment incorporating the rotating component with a simple configuration. It is possible to reduce the time and effort required for disassembling and assembling the apparatus, and to prevent damage to the parts due to disassembling and assembling.
- the signal processing unit is configured by the microphone computer, so the signal processing unit is unitized, and the abnormality diagnosis device is compact. And modularity can be achieved.
- the processing in the comparison / determination unit 108 of the signal processing unit 82 is different from that of the fourth embodiment.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 in the present embodiment compares and collates the frequency component caused by the rolling bearing 62, the tooth wheel, and the wheel with the frequency component of the measured spectrum data of vibration by the vibration analysis unit 106 with a variable tolerance.
- the comparison determination unit 108 calculates a measured spectrum data force reference value (for example, a sound pressure level or a voltage level), while using the relational expressions shown in FIGS. Calculate the frequency (vibration generation frequency) due to gear flaws, and extract the sound pressure level (or voltage level) in the range where a variable tolerance is given to these vibration generation frequencies. Comparison with reference value.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 identifies the presence / absence of an abnormality and an abnormal part based on the determination result.
- the calculation of the vibration generation frequency is stored in the internal data storage unit 110 when the same diagnosis is performed prior to this, as in the fourth embodiment.
- the data may be used.
- the design specification data of each rotating part used for calculation is input and stored in advance.
- variable tolerance in the comparison and collation is set so that the frequency component becomes larger as the harmonic component becomes higher. It is possible to cope with changes (changes due to wheel wear in railway vehicles, etc.).
- steps S 201 to S 206 Similar to steps S 101 to S 106 in the fourth embodiment are performed.
- the vibration generation frequency generated due to the abnormality of each rotating part is obtained based on the rotation speed signal (step S207), and variable with respect to the obtained frequency.
- Sound pressure level in the abnormal frequency band of each rotating part with a wide tolerance in the case of the rolling bearing 62, the bearing flaw component Sx, that is, the inner ring flaw component Si, the outer ring flaw component So, the rolling element flaw Step Sb and cage component Sc, in the case of gears, the gear scratch component Sg corresponding to the meshing, and in the case of rotating bodies such as wheels, determine the wear and unbalance component Sr of the rotating body (step) S 208).
- a reference value for example, a sound pressure level or a voltage level used for abnormality diagnosis is calculated from the frequency spectrum obtained by the vibration analysis unit 106 (step S 209).
- step S210 (Or voltage level) and the reference value calculated in step S209 are divided in order for each rotating component having a different design specification (step S210). If all the components do not match, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the rotating part (step S211). On the other hand, if any of the components match, it is determined that there is an abnormality and the abnormal part is identified (step S212), and the comparison result is also displayed on the control unit 84, the monitor 93, the alarm 94, etc. Is output to the output device 90 (step S213).
- the frequency component of the measured spectrum data obtained by frequency analysis and the frequency component caused by the rotating component are compared and collated with a variable tolerance, and the rotation is performed based on the collation result. Since the presence / absence of parts and abnormal parts are determined, even if the actual rotational speed cannot be directly imported, the rotational speed data used for calculation may be different from the actual rotational speed. In addition, it is possible to accurately identify the presence / absence of an abnormality and an abnormal part.
- the processing in the comparison / determination unit 108 of the signal processing unit 82 is different from that of the fifth embodiment. Also in the present embodiment, as shown in the processing flow of FIG. 14, steps S301 to S306 are performed in the same manner as steps S101 to S106 of the fourth embodiment.
- the vibration generation frequency generated due to the abnormality of each rotating component is obtained based on the rotation speed signal (step S307). Then, an allowable width that is an area having the upper limit frequency and the lower limit frequency of the damage component of the rotating component in each specification calculated from the rotational speed of the rotating component and the design dimension specification of the rotating component, and the center frequency of the width. Calculate the number (step S308).
- step S308 if necessary, the allowable width is divided into one or more widths, a center frequency for each width is obtained, and an allowable width having an arbitrary width is obtained for the center frequency. give. Note that this tolerance may be set to increase corresponding to the frequency band.
- step S307 the sound pressure level in the abnormal frequency band of the rotating component having an allowable range for the frequency obtained in step S307 (in the case of the rolling bearing 62, the bearing flaw component Sx, that is, the inner ring flaw component Si, Outer ring scratch component So, rolling element scratch component Sb and cage component Sc, in the case of gears, gear scratch component Sg corresponding to squeezing, and in the case of rotating bodies such as wheels, wear and unloading of the rotating body A balance component Sr) is obtained (step S309).
- the bearing flaw component Sx that is, the inner ring flaw component Si, Outer ring scratch component So, rolling element scratch component Sb and cage component Sc, in the case of gears, gear scratch component Sg corresponding to squeezing, and in the case of rotating bodies such as wheels, wear and unloading of the rotating body A balance component Sr
- the frequency spectrum obtained by the vibration analysis unit 106 also calculates a reference value (for example, a sound pressure level or a voltage level) used for abnormality diagnosis (step) S310), comparing the sound pressure level (or voltage level) of the abnormal frequency band of each rotating component calculated in step S309 with the reference value calculated in step S310 for each rotating component with different design specifications.
- the steps are performed in order (step S311).
- step S311 the frequency tolerance is repeated for the number of times divided.
- step S312 If all the components do not match, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the rotating component (step S312). On the other hand, if any of the components match, it is determined that there is an abnormality and the abnormal part is identified (step S313), and the comparison result is output to the control unit 84, the monitor 93, the alarm 94, etc. Output to the device 90 (step S314).
- step S308 If there is an abnormality in the rotating component, when the allowable width is divided in step S308, it may be determined that there is an abnormality in any of the divided allowable widths. For this reason, for example, when performing diagnosis for two allowable widths, in step S311, the diagnosis with the second width is not performed when it is determined that there is an abnormality as a result of the diagnosis with the first width. It is also possible to diagnose in the second width after diagnosing normality in the first width. [0116]
- the vibration generation frequency generated due to the abnormality of each rotating part in step S309 is given by the rotational speed and the design dimension as shown in the relational expressions in Figs. Differences in design dimensions and specifications hinder accurate diagnosis. For this reason, setting the allowable width as in step S308 can be done when the rotating part has multiple rotating parts with different design dimensions, or when the actual rotational speed signal cannot be directly captured. This is effective when the rotational speed of the motor fluctuates.
- the allowable width is divided as necessary, a center frequency for each divided width is obtained, an allowable width having an arbitrary width is provided for the center frequency, and the divided allowable width is set.
- At least one region having an upper limit value and a lower limit value calculated from the rotational speed of the rotating component and the design dimension specifications of the rotating component is provided. Dividing into two areas, finding the center value of each of the divided areas, and comparing and collating with at least one allowable width of any size given to the center value, the design dimensions are different from each other Even when multiple rotating parts are installed in an arbitrary part or when the rotational speed of the rotating part fluctuates, the presence or absence of an abnormality and the part of the abnormality can be reliably identified, enabling highly accurate diagnosis. In addition, as a result, parts with the same specifications must be incorporated as before, and labor can be saved, and even when parts with different specifications are incorporated, diagnosis is possible and work efficiency is improved. Therefore, effective maintenance becomes possible.
- the abnormality diagnosis of this embodiment is also effective in the case of mechanical equipment in which the rotating parts have a plurality of rotating parts having different design dimension specifications and the rotational speed of the rotating parts varies. It is.
- each frequency component shown in Fig. 5 is an integer of the rotation frequency. Therefore, when the bearing specifications are known in advance, it is possible to obtain the center frequency without calculating the lower limit and the upper limit frequency accompanying the rotational speed fluctuation.
- the abnormality diagnosis of the present embodiment is any method for diagnosing the presence / absence of a frequency component resulting from damage to rotating parts from rotational speed information that is not applied only to the frequency spectrum subjected to envelope processing. Is also applicable.
- the abnormality diagnosis device detects a state of an abnormality of the mechanical facility 60 from a detection unit 70 that detects a signal generated from the mechanical facility 60 and an electric signal output from the detection unit 70.
- the controller 80 includes a signal processing unit 82 having the same configuration as that shown in FIG. Device 90.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 of the signal processing unit 82 compares and collates the frequency component caused by the rolling bearing 62, the gears, and the wheels with the frequency component of the measured spectrum data of vibration by the vibration analysis unit 106.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 calculates a reference value (for example, a sound pressure level or a voltage level) from a limited frequency range of the measured spectrum data, while rolling using the relational expressions shown in FIGS.
- the frequency (vibration generation frequency) due to the scratches on the bearings and gears is calculated, the measured spectral data force, the sound pressure level at the vibration generation frequency is extracted, and compared with the reference value.
- the comparison / determination unit 108 specifies the presence / absence of an abnormality and an abnormal part based on the determination result.
- the calculation of the vibration generation frequency may be stored in the internal data storage unit 110 and used when the same diagnosis is performed prior to this. . Further, design specification data of each rotating part used for calculation is input and stored in advance.
- the determination result in the comparison determination unit 108 may be stored in the internal data storage unit 110 such as a memory or HDD, or may be transmitted to the output device 90 via the data transmission unit 92. .
- the determination result is also used as a control unit 84 that controls the operation of the drive mechanism of the mechanical equipment 60. And a control signal corresponding to the determination result may be fed back.
- the output device 90 may display the determination result on the monitor 93 or the like in real time, and when an abnormality is detected, the alarm device 94 such as a light or a buzzer is used to notify the abnormality. It may be.
- the output device 90 includes a storage unit 96 that stores the diagnosis results obtained by the signal processing unit 82, such as the presence / absence of an abnormality, the site of the abnormality, and the spectrum waveform at the time of diagnosis (actual spectrum data).
- the report creation unit 95 can easily create a report based on the diagnosis result.
- the predetermined format is a format required for the report creation unit 95 to check. Note that all the target data may be output and selected and selected by the report creation unit 95, or may be output after selecting and selecting the target data by the data output unit 97. .
- steps S401 to S406 are performed in the same manner as steps S101 to S106 of the fourth embodiment.
- the vibration generation frequency generated due to the abnormality of each rotating part is obtained based on the rotation speed signal (step S407), and each frequency corresponding to the obtained frequency is obtained.
- Sound pressure level of abnormal frequency band of rotating parts In the case of rolling bearing 62, bearing flaw component Sx, that is, inner ring flaw component Si, outer ring flaw component So, rolling element flaw component Sb and cage component Sc, In this case, the gear flaw component Sg corresponding to the squeeze and, in the case of a rotating body such as a wheel, wear and unbalance component Sr) of the rotating body are obtained (step S408).
- a reference value for example, a sound pressure level or a voltage level used for abnormality diagnosis is also calculated for the frequency spectrum force obtained by the vibration analysis unit 106 (step S409).
- the reference value of the present embodiment is calculated using a limited frequency range of the measured spectrum data at an arbitrary time. That is, the reference value is spectrum data in a predetermined frequency range.
- the effective value calculated using the spectrum obtained by removing multiple spectra for example, top 10 and bottom 10) ( Square root of the mean square of the frequency spectrum) or calculated based on the following formulas (1) and (2) based on the effective value!
- the average value of the measured spectrum data at an arbitrary time may be calculated using the peak value.
- step S410 (Or voltage level) and the reference value calculated in step S409 are compared in turn for each rotating component having a different design specification (step S410). If all the components do not match, it is determined that there is no abnormality in the rotating part (step S411). On the other hand, if any of the components match, it is determined that there is an abnormality and the abnormal part is identified (step S412), and the comparison result is output from the control unit 84, the monitor 93, the alarm 94, etc. Output to the device 90 (step S413). In step S413, the diagnosis results obtained in steps S411 and S412 are stored in the storage unit 96 of the output device 90.
- the diagnosis result stored in the storage unit 96 is sent to the data output unit 97, and the data output unit 97 selects'selects target data from the sent data (step S414). Further, the selected target data is sent to a report creation unit 95 having a report creation program to create a report based on the diagnosis result (step S415).
- the reference value used for the comparison and verification is the frequency limited by the measured spectrum data. Since it is calculated based on the effective value, average value, or peak value based on the range, it is difficult to be affected by noise such as DC components, and the diagnostic accuracy can be improved. Can be identified.
- the presence / absence of abnormality, the portion of abnormality, the spectrum waveform at the time of diagnosis (measured spectrum Based on at least one program, the storage unit 96 for storing the diagnosis results, the data output unit 97 for outputting the diagnosis results in a predetermined format, and the output result output by the data output unit 97
- a report creation unit 95 that creates reports, so that it is possible to easily create reports by outputting a large amount of accumulated diagnostic results in a predetermined format as needed. it can.
- the storage unit 96 for storing the diagnosis result is provided in the output device 90.
- the storage unit 96 is provided in the controller 80, and the diagnosis result is displayed when the report is generated.
- the data may be transmitted to the data output unit 97 via the data transmission means 92.
- the abnormality diagnosis device for mechanical equipment 120 including a plurality of rolling bearings 62, 62 a single unit that combines a detection unit including a sensor 72 and a signal processing unit including a microcomputer 130 is used.
- This processing unit 140 is incorporated in the bearing device of the rolling bearing 62.
- the abnormality diagnosis device can be managed and managed, enabling efficient monitoring.
- This single processing unit may be incorporated in the machine equipment for compactness, or a single processing unit may be configured for a plurality of rolling bearings.
- the railroad vehicle bearing device shown in Fig. 18 rotates the axle 13 with respect to the bearing box 12 constituting a part of the railcar bogie via the double row tapered roller bearing 62 (11).
- the detectors 70 (31) and 70 (31) are fixed to the radial load area of the bearing housing 12 and the vibration of the bearing housing 12 is detected to perform abnormality diagnosis. Yes. Even in such a case, it is possible to process the electrical signals of the detection units 70 (31) and 70 (31) with the single processing unit 140.
- FIG. 19 shows an example in which the present embodiment is applied to the seventh embodiment.
- one railcar 200 is supported by two front and rear chassis, and four wheels 204 are attached to each chassis.
- a vibration sensor 201 as a detection unit having a piezoelectric acceleration sensor or the like is attached to the bearing box of each wheel 204, and outputs vibration acceleration in a direction perpendicular to the ground.
- a vibration sensor for measuring vibration acceleration in the traveling direction of the railway vehicle 200 and the axial direction of the wheels may be further attached.
- the output of the vibration sensor 201 is processed by the abnormality diagnosis module 202 which is a signal processing unit installed on the control panel of the vehicle 200.
- the abnormality diagnosis module 202 includes a digital processing module 205 and performs abnormality diagnosis by digital processing.
- the vibration waveform detected by the vibration sensor 201 is converted into a discrete value by an AD converter (ADC) 208 via a low-pass filter (LPF) 207 and input to the CPU 211.
- ADC AD converter
- LPF low-pass filter
- the frequency of vibration generated from the flat which is an abnormality of the wheel 204, is concentrated in a frequency band lower than 1 kHz and spreads over a range higher than 1 kHz.
- the low-pass filter 207 attenuates a frequency of 1 kHz or more, which has a large noise component, and improves the SZN ratio.
- the pulse signal detected by the rotation speed sensor 206 such as an encoder is pulse-shaped by the waveform shaping circuit 209, and pulse-counted by the timer 'counter (TCNT) 210, so that the rotation speed signal force SCPU211 CPU211 executes abnormality diagnosis based on vibration waveform and rotation speed signal.
- TCNT timer 'counter
- the diagnosis result diagnosed by the CPU 211 is transmitted to the communication line 203 via the line driver 214 from the serial interface (SIO) 213 such as USB, for example, based on the communication protocol IP212 constituting the transmission means.
- the AD processor 208, the timer counter 210, the CPU 211, the communication protocol IP 212, the serial interface 213, and the line driver 214 constitute the digital processing module 205.
- CPU 211 is substantially constant at a constant speed rotational speed signal detected by the rotational speed sensor 206 (in this embodiment, 185 ⁇ 370min _ 1) when it is, the sampling frequency, the sampling speed Ns constant
- the processed waveform block data is processed to detect the flatness of the wheel 204.
- the block data interval length is 1 sec.
- the flatness is detected by comparing the number of times that the vibration waveform pulse due to the flat is counted per second and the number of times the wheel 204 is rotated per second from the vehicle speed detected by the rotational speed sensor 206.
- the vibration acceleration in the state where the flatness is generated in the wheel 204 is large.
- the value of the vibration acceleration caused by the vibration of the normal vehicle is often smaller than that.
- the vibration at the rail joint becomes a level of vibration acceleration equivalent to or greater than that of the flat.
- the level of vibration acceleration resulting from the friction between the rail and the wheel 204 on the rail curve is equivalent to that due to the flat or rail joint.
- an algorithm that repeatedly performs diagnosis processing on the same wheel 204 using the sensors 201 and 206 mounted on the vehicle 200 and the abnormality diagnosis module 202 is designed to count the number of pulses. Improve the reliability of abnormality diagnosis using statistical judgment methods that take into account the number variation and the effects of noise.
- the signal detected by the vibration sensor 201 is converted into a digital signal by the AD converter 208 (step S500), and the rotation speed signal is input from the rotation speed sensor 206.
- Abnormality diagnosis of the present embodiment because it runs in the section traveling at a substantially constant rate of definitive during rotation speeds force Sl85 ⁇ 370min _ 1, times the interval length of the data It is determined whether the rotation speed has changed by 15% or more due to sudden acceleration / deceleration (step S501). If it changes by 15% or more, the internal output “N” is output and abnormality diagnosis is not performed (step S 502).
- the digital signal converted by the AD converter 208 is converted into an absolute value (step S503), and the threshold value is set.
- the excess data is held at a value exceeding the threshold for a certain time ( ⁇ ) by the peak hold process (step S504).
- This holding time ( ⁇ ) is determined by the rotational speed of the wheel, and is set to a value shorter than that of one wheel rotation.
- the peak hold process in which the absolute value is held for a certain time enables stable peak measurement.
- step S505 the number of times the pulse has exceeded the threshold is counted as an event count process (step S505), and it is determined whether or not the count matches the number of rotations of the wheel (step S506). If it is recognized that the count number matches the rotation speed of the wheel, it is determined that there is a flat and the internal output "F" (Flat) is output (step S507). If it does not match, it is determined that there is no flat. And “G” (Good) is output externally (step S508). In this embodiment, since the rail joint may be affected, it is assumed that the count number of (wheel rotation speed + 1) also matches the wheel rotation speed.
- FIG 23 (a) is illustrates how three shock wave in one second waveform is generated Yes.
- the peak retention time ⁇ is set to 30 ms, and once the absolute value of the shock wave exceeds the threshold, it is maintained at a value exceeding the threshold for 3 Oms regardless of the original data. The same process is repeated when 30 ms have passed since the first time the threshold was exceeded, and when the data reaches 1 second, the number of times the converted waveform (threshold holding waveform) force also exceeded the threshold is counted.
- the waveform in Fig. 23 (b) is obtained by performing absolute value processing and peak hold processing on the waveform in Fig. 23 (a).
- step S509 in order to obtain a highly reliable diagnosis result, the above output obtained once per second is used, for example, simple statistical analysis based on one of the following conditions: A determination is made (step S509).
- step S510 If it falls under (1) or (2), it is determined that the wheel is surely flat, and finally "F” is output as an external output (step S510), (1), In cases other than (2), "G” is output as an external output (step S511).
- step S510 If "F” is output as an external output in step S510, an abnormal signal is output from the serial interface 213 and line driver 214 through the communication line 203, and the output device power of an alarm device, etc. Alarms for abnormal occurrences such as wheel flats.
- the vibration acceleration waveform by the vibration sensor 201 attached to the bearing box of the wheel 204 and the rotation speed of the wheel 204 by the rotation speed sensor 206 From the signal, if the vibration acceleration waveform per unit time filtered by low-pass filtering during the N rotation time of the wheel 204 exceeds a preset threshold value, the threshold value is set for a certain time according to the rotation speed. In the waveform that keeps the state exceeding, the number of times the threshold is exceeded is counted, and by detecting that the number of counts matches the number of rotations of the wheel, an alarm for occurrence of an abnormality such as the occurrence of a flat wheel is performed. With relatively simple circuitry and software, it is possible to accurately identify abnormalities in rotating parts.
- an abnormality diagnosis is performed based on the full-wave rectified waveform converted to an absolute value without converting a flat waveform into an envelope detection waveform, so that the amount of calculation is small and a simple diagnosis is performed. I can refuse.
- the LPF 207 is an LC filter.
- a digital filter can be provided in the digital processing module 205. In that case, the digital filter can also be realized as CPU software.
- the diagnostic module 220 of the tenth embodiment has a configuration in which an analog processing envelope circuit 215 is inserted between the vibration sensor 201 and the ADC 208.
- the envelope circuit 215 includes a low-pass filter, a full-wave rectifier 217 as an absolute value circuit, an analog peak hold circuit 218, and the like.
- step S500 the absolute value processing and the peak hold processing in step S503 and step S504 are performed before AZD conversion (step S500), and the digital processing unit 219 performs steps S501, The same processing as S502, S505 to S511 is performed! /, And the number of times the threshold value is exceeded within a certain time is counted, and if it is a value corresponding to the rotational speed of the wheel, a warning signal is output as flat.
- the wheel flat has an impact waveform having a band up to about 1 kHz
- a sampling rate of about 2 kHz is taken if the waveform is just passed through the low-pass filter 207 as in the ninth embodiment. Otherwise, there is a concern that the peak of the impact acceleration will drop, but if the peak hold circuit 218 is inserted in the analog circuit in the previous stage of the AD converter 208 as in this embodiment, sampling at about 200 Hz is possible. Sufficient speed can be set for detecting wheel flats.
- the time constant ( ⁇ ) of the peak hold circuit 218 in this case is also appropriately selected according to the vehicle speed range between several ms to several tens of ms.
- the waveform detected by the envelope by the full-wave rectifier circuit 217 also includes a low-pass filter 207 before the AD converter 208. It is desirable to cut the size.
- a high-pass filter (HPF) 216 is provided in the previous stage of the envelope circuit 215.
- the high-pass filter 216 is inserted in order to remove the DC component and a very low frequency component close to it, and may be a simple AC coupling capacitor. This high-pass filter 216 can suppress ripples due to the DC component of the envelope waveform.
- V crosses V at the time of rising, and then V that is set lower than V at the time of falling
- the envelope circuit in the tenth embodiment is replaced by digital processing. Note that parts that are the same as those in the tenth embodiment are given the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted or simplified.
- the digital processing unit 231 at the subsequent stage of the AD converter 208 is composed of a high-speed processor such as a DSP, and a digital high-pass filter (HPF) 235 removes low-frequency components, and uses the amplitude demodulator 234 to calculate the square root of the sum of squares from the complex signal of the real part and imaginary part by the Herbert transform filter 233 of the envelope processing circuit 232.
- a line waveform is obtained, noise remaining by the digital LPF 236 is cut, the number of times is counted by the threshold count 237, and the diagnosis unit 238 determines whether or not there is a wheel flat.
- the digital processing unit 231 of the present embodiment configured as described above executes software for obtaining an envelope waveform using a high-speed processor such as a DSP in real time without affecting the diagnosis time. Is possible.
- a high-speed processor such as a DSP
- FIG. 27B shows a waveform force obtained by generating an envelope waveform by the envelope processing 232 and removing noise by the low-pass filter 236 with respect to the input waveform shown in FIG.
- the threshold count 237 and the diagnosis unit 238 perform determination processing such as a wheel flat on the waveform processed in this manner, as in the tenth embodiment.
- the waveform shown in Fig. 27 (b) shows that three shock waves are generated per second.
- the mechanical equipment of the present invention includes a rolling stock bearing device, a windmill bearing device, a machine tool main shaft bearing device, etc., as long as it is equipped with a rotating or sliding part that is an object of abnormality diagnosis.
- the rotating or sliding parts may be damaged by rotating parts such as rolling bearings, gears, axles, wheels, ball screws, and sliding parts such as linear guides and linear ball bearings. Any component that generates periodic vibrations may be used.
- a rotational speed signal is used as a speed signal for calculating a frequency component resulting from damage to a rotating part, but a moving speed signal is used as a speed signal in the case of a sliding part.
- the outer ring of the rolling bearing fixed to the bearing housing is included in a part of the rolling bearing that is a component that rotates or slides relative to the stationary member.
- the signals detected by the detection unit include sound, vibration, ultrasonic (AE), stress, displacement, distortion, etc., and these signals may indicate a defect in mechanical equipment including rotating or sliding parts.
- AE ultrasonic
- stress e.g., stress, displacement, distortion
- a signal component indicating the defect or abnormality is included.
- the abnormality diagnosis of the rolling bearing was performed twice using the abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a ball bearing having an outer diameter of 62 mm, an inner diameter of 30 mm, a width of 16 mm, and a number of balls of 7 is used, and the vibration sensor is fixed to the bearing box, and the temperature sensor is The shaft was attached to the outer peripheral surface of the outer ring of the bearing. The inner ring is rotated at 3000min- 1 and the bearing is loaded with a radial load.
- Table 1 and Table 2 show the measured values of vibration and temperature at the measurement points A, B, and J corresponding to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 in Example 1, and the rate of change with time (magnification with respect to the previous measured value).
- Table 3 and Table 4 show the measured values of vibration and temperature at each measurement point A, B, and C in Example 2 and the rate of change with time.
- Tables 1 to 4 show the envelope analysis of vibration waveforms along with measured values (Tables 1 and 3) and specified values (set values) for the rate of change (Tables 2 and 4). Resulting force Indicates the presence or absence of frequency components due to bearing damage (peeling).
- Example 1 As shown in Table 1, the vibration measurement values at points B and C exceed the specified values, and the temperature measurement values at point C also exceed the specified values. Furthermore, since there is no damage component of the bearing due to vibration, it can be seen that this bearing has a seizure anomaly and needs to be replaced urgently. In Example 1, the change rate power in Table 2 is also determined in the same manner. Togashi.
- Example 2 As shown in Table 3, the vibration measurement values at points B and C exceeded the reference value, but the temperature was strong without any change. In addition, since the damage component of the bearing is present in the vibration, it can be seen that this bearing has a peeling abnormality. In Example 2, the same determination can be made from the rate of change in Table 4.
- the presence or absence of abnormality is diagnosed and determined multiple times by combining vibration and temperature measurement values or rate of change. Even if it rises, it will not be judged as abnormal, and it will be more reliable than before, making it possible to diagnose abnormalities.
- the signal was detected by a piezoelectric insulation type acceleration sensor attached to Uzing, and the amplified signal was compared by frequency analysis (envelope analysis).
- Fig. 28 shows the vibration of the housing when the bearing is rotated by inertia when the inner ring of the bearing reaches 150min- 1 and the drive motor that transmits rotation to the bearing is de-energized (OFF state).
- An example of the result of analysis (envelope analysis) is shown.
- Fig. 29 shows frequency analysis of the vibration of the housing when the bearing is driven to rotate when the inner ring of the bearing reaches 150 min_1 with the drive motor that transmits rotation to the bearing in the energized state (ON state). It shows an example of the result of the envelope analysis.
- the vibration waveform when the drive motor is deenergized (OFF state) and the bearing is rotated inertially has a plurality of frequency components due to damage to the outer ring.
- the vibration waveform when the drive motor is energized (ON state) and the bearing is rotated the influence of the electromagnetic component due to the drive motor driving is large and the above-mentioned remarkable noise component is generated! I understand.
- the rotation state determination unit performs vibration within the inertial rotation region when the rotation drive device is not operating. By detecting the motion, it can be seen that an abnormality diagnosis with a high signal-to-noise ratio is possible without being affected by disturbance noise caused by the above vibration.
- Whether or not defects can be detected was determined from the presence or absence of the appearance of characteristic frequency components due to outer ring defects at each rotational speed, calculated using the formula in Fig. 5, in the frequency analysis results after envelope analysis.
- FIG. 30 the inner ring of the bearing 50min- lOOmin "1, 150mm” 1 , 300mm “1, 650min _ lOOOmin” 1, 1500min _1, and turn in 1600min one 1! /, This is an example of the result of frequency analysis (envelope analysis) of U-no-ji's nookingu.
- the solid line is the envelope frequency spectrum based on the actually measured vibration data
- the dotted line represents the frequency component resulting from the outer ring damage based on the design specifications of the bearing shown in FIG.
- Table 5 summarizes the determination results for the presence or absence of abnormality based on the above analysis for each rotational speed. ⁇ indicates the case where the characteristic frequency component due to the outer ring defect appears in the above analysis, and X indicates the case where it does not appear.
- FIG. 31 shows the results of frequency analysis after envelope processing of housing vibration when rotating a single-row deep groove bearing with a defective outer ring raceway at 1500 min- 1 as Example 3. .
- the solid line shows the envelope frequency spectrum based on the actually measured vibration data
- the dotted line shows the reference value.
- FIG. 32 shows the results of frequency analysis after envelope processing of housing vibration when a normal single-row deep groove bearing was rotated at 1500 min- 1 as Example 4.
- FIG. 32 shows the results of frequency analysis after envelope processing of housing vibration when a normal single-row deep groove bearing was rotated at 1500 min- 1 as Example 4.
- FIG. 33 shows the results of frequency analysis after envelope processing of housing vibration when a single-row deep groove bearing with a defect on the outer ring raceway surface actually rotates at 2430min- 1 as Example 5.
- the rotational speed data used for the calculation is 2400min- 1, which is different from the actual rotational speed
- the alternate long and short dash line indicates the frequency component due to the outer ring damage based on the rotational speed 2400min- 1 .
- FIG. 34 shows the result of frequency analysis after envelope processing of housing vibration when a single row deep groove bearing with a defect on the outer ring raceway surface actually rotates at 2430 min- 1 .
- the rotation speed data used for the calculation is 2400min- 1 , which causes a deviation from the actual rotation speed.
- the solid line indicates the envelope frequency vector based on the actually measured vibration data
- the dotted line indicates the reference value.
- each shaded area shows the frequency component and its harmonics resulting from the outer ring damage based on the rotational speed of 2400m in- 1 , and the allowable range for comparison and matching is increased corresponding to the frequency band.
- FIG. 35 shows a case where the allowable range for comparison and collation is fixed (1 Hz) under the same conditions as in FIG.
- the peak exceeding the reference value does not coincide with the frequency component caused by the outer ring damage, so there is a risk of determining that there is no abnormality.
- the difference between the actual rotational speed and the rotational speed used for diagnosis is large, a large deviation occurs in the harmonic components of the generated frequency, which affects the diagnostic accuracy.
- A, B, C tapered roller bearings with the same inner and outer diameter dimensions (bearing outer diameter: 220mm, bearing inner diameter: 120mm, bearing width: 150mm) but different internal design specifications Prepared, the outer ring raceway surface of these bearings was made defective, and the individual bearings were incorporated into the nose and the wing. Then, detected by piezoelectric Isolated acceleration sensor attached to Nono Ujingu the vibration generated when rotating the inner ring at 200 min _1, frequency analysis of the signal after amplification (Envelope analysis) and compared based on the processing flow in the sixth embodiment.
- envelope analysis frequency analysis of the signal after amplification
- Fig. 36 shows the result of frequency analysis after envelope processing of housing vibration when three types of bearings are rotated.
- the solid line is the envelope frequency spectrum based on the measured vibration data
- the dotted line shows the reference value.
- each background pattern forming area is rotational speed 200 min _1 three types (A, B, C) lower limit frequency of the frequency component caused in the outer ring damage based on the internal specifications of the bearing of the upper limit frequency
- A, B, C lower limit frequency of the frequency component caused in the outer ring damage based on the internal specifications of the bearing of the upper limit frequency
- the permissible width and its harmonic width are shown, and the permissible width for comparison and matching is increased corresponding to the frequency band.
- CL1 Allowable width ⁇ for CL1. Also, the permissible width ⁇ is set to 2 Hz, and this permissible width is set to be large corresponding to the frequency band.
- FIG. 37 shows a case where the abnormality diagnosis of the sixth embodiment is applied to a normal bearing that is not damaged.
- the specifications of this bearing are the same as those of bearing A.
- FIG. 38 with a defect in the outer ring raceway surface of the tapered roller bearing, detected by piezoelectric Isolated acceleration sensor attached vibrations to Nono Ujingu occurring when rotating the inner ring 200 min _1 and 170mi n _1
- each shaded range is the upper limit of the rotational speed fluctuation and the upper limit.
- the tolerance for the center frequency of the frequency component due to damage to the outer ring based on the bearing internal specifications corresponding to the rotational speed limit and its harmonic width are shown, and the tolerance for comparison is increased corresponding to the frequency band. Yes.
- This shaded area depends on the rotational speed fluctuation range, and the rotational fluctuation range is set to be large! /, So that the shaded area is widened.
- abnormality diagnosis may be performed based on the presence / absence of components included in the shaded range.
- the shaded range is widened, frequency components other than bearing damage components are also included, and thus the diagnostic accuracy may be deteriorated. There is. Therefore, in this test, the corresponding shaded area is divided into two areas (A, B), and the center frequency (f, f) corresponding to the area width is calculated.
- a tolerance for the center frequency is provided.
- tolerance ⁇ is a 2 Hz
- the frequency of this tolerance Set a large value corresponding to the bandwidth.
- Figure 39 shows the results of frequency analysis of the vibration of the housing when the noise enters the tapered roller bearing with a defective during rotation at 200 min _1 to the outer ring raceway surface after envelope processing.
- the solid line shows the envelope frequency spectrum based on the measured vibration data
- the dotted line is the reference value (effective value +6 dB in this case)
- the alternate long and short dash line is due to the outer ring damage based on the rotational speed 200min- 1
- the frequency components (f to f) are shown.
- FIG. 40 shows a case where the frequency range used for calculating the reference value is the entire region with respect to the result of the frequency analysis obtained under the same conditions as in FIG. .
- the frequency component due to the outer ring damage does not exceed the reference value, so there is a risk of determining that there is no abnormality. Therefore, from the results of FIGS. 39 and 40, it is confirmed that a highly accurate diagnosis that is hardly affected by noise is possible by calculating a range force with a limited range of measured spectrum data as a reference value used for comparison and collation.
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Abstract
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US10/586,996 US7860663B2 (en) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | Abnormality diagnosing apparatus and abnormality diagnosing method |
JP2006515429A JPWO2006030786A1 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | 異常診断装置及び異常診断方法 |
CN200580001831XA CN1906473B (zh) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-09-13 | 故障诊断装置 |
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JP2004-265009 | 2004-09-13 | ||
JP2005004128A JP4581693B2 (ja) | 2004-09-13 | 2005-01-11 | 異常診断装置 |
JP2005-004128 | 2005-01-11 | ||
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JP2005168204A JP2006234784A (ja) | 2005-01-26 | 2005-06-08 | 機械設備の異常診断装置及び異常診断方法 |
JP2005176507A JP4581860B2 (ja) | 2005-01-26 | 2005-06-16 | 機械設備の異常診断装置及び異常診断方法 |
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JP2005176505A JP2006234785A (ja) | 2005-01-26 | 2005-06-16 | 機械設備の異常診断装置及び異常診断方法 |
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