WO2006021681A1 - Afficheur a cristal liquide perfectionne notamment par suppression d'effets nefastes sur les bords de zones adressees - Google Patents
Afficheur a cristal liquide perfectionne notamment par suppression d'effets nefastes sur les bords de zones adressees Download PDFInfo
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- WO2006021681A1 WO2006021681A1 PCT/FR2005/002076 FR2005002076W WO2006021681A1 WO 2006021681 A1 WO2006021681 A1 WO 2006021681A1 FR 2005002076 W FR2005002076 W FR 2005002076W WO 2006021681 A1 WO2006021681 A1 WO 2006021681A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/137—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering
- G02F1/139—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect, e.g. field-induced phase transition, orientation effect, guest-host interaction or dynamic scattering based on orientation effects in which the liquid crystal remains transparent
- G02F1/1391—Bistable or multi-stable liquid crystal cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of liquid crystal displays (LCDs).
- the present invention relates to nematic liquid crystal bistable displays.
- the present invention is particularly applicable to bistable displays with nematic liquid crystals, anchoring fracture, two stable textures differ by a twist of about 180 °.
- the object of the invention is to improve the performance of bistable display devices, and more particularly to eliminate certain visually harmful effects that appear on the edges of the addressed areas of certain known displays.
- the TN (Twisted Nematic) structure is widely used in liquid crystal displays. In these displays, the alignment directions of the molecules on the two substrates opposite 10, 20
- FIG. 1 ⁇ ⁇ US reference 31 which illustrates a twisted unaddressed pixel. This represents the stable state of the liquid crystal.
- This helical structure rotates the direction of polarization of a rectilinear polarized light by 90 °.
- the liquid crystals used in this effect have a positive dielectric anisotropy.
- a cell placed between two crossed polarizers ie between polarizers aligned respectively parallel to the directions of alignment of the liquid crystal on the substrates 10, 20, absorbs the light under an electric field (black state) and transmits the light at rest (white state).
- black state black state
- white state white state
- an unaddressed area located between electrodes and 42 a segment materialized by electrodes.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the two textures of a TN screen.
- the twisted structure is stable. It is found in the zones between the pixels under the reference 33 and in the pixels at rest under the reference 31. This texture appears clear between crossed polarizers. Under the electric field, the molecules rise and orient themselves parallel to the field as illustrated or reference 32. The texture then obtained appears black between crossed polarizers.
- TN displays with digital display
- the addressing mode of a liquid crystal screen can be direct or multiplexed.
- the electrode structure of a liquid crystal screen can be "direct display" or matrix.
- the direct addressing mode is used with a direct display electrode structure, where the two electrodes respectively provided on the two substrates and between which the electric field is applied, form the image that will be obtained. It is typically used to write a word or acronym. For example for the display of a digit or digit consisting of 7 segments (7 elementary units), the electrodes will have the shape of segments and there will be 7 tracks to connect each segment independently.
- Multiplex addressing involves connecting a number of picture elements together to form lines on one of the substrates and columns on the other substrate. The addressing is done line by line, one line at a time. When addressing a line, the voltages corresponding to the columns are injected simultaneously into all the columns. Then we go to the next line and so on until the last line.
- the electrodes 12, 22 are arranged in rows and columns respectively on the two substrates 10, 20. Their intersection forms pixels that are "registered" (that is to say that one selectively by applying an electric field) to them in multiplex mode to form an image.
- the schematic diagram of this type of screen is shown in FIG. 3.
- the column electrodes placed on a first substrate by For example, the upper substrate and referenced 46 the row electrodes placed on the second substrate, for example on the lower substrate.
- a line signal is applied on the line 4 and a column signal on the column 3.
- the so-called digital display mode has a direct type electrode structure and a control mode. multiplex type addressing.
- Figure 2 shows a TN calculator screen with digital display. It is composed of 5 digits and a comma. The numbers are each written using 7 segments or a total of 36 picture elements, addressed in multiplex mode, which means that some of these segments will be connected together to form the rows and columns. Segments can be in the black or white state depending on the number you want to record. We see in the image of Figure 2 that the segments are well defined, no defect is visible in the unaddressed areas.
- the multiplexing rate of this screen is three. Each segment can thus be addressed independently by connecting a line and a column on the same principle as that of FIG. 3 for the matrix screen. For example, to enter the decimal point, it is necessary to apply an electrical voltage between the track pi of Figure 4b and the track pi 0 of Figure 4a. These tracks are also shown in Figure 4c.
- FIG. 4a shows the electrodes (here in the form of 12 columns) provided on a first substrate, for example the lower substrate
- FIG. 4b represents the electrodes (here in the form of three lines) provided on the second substrate, for example the upper substrate
- Figure 4c shows the superposition of these two types of electrodes. Zones with no electrode can not be addressed.
- FIG. 4c shows in dark gray the electrodes illustrated in FIG. 4b and the electrodes illustrated in FIG. 4a are shown in light gray.
- FIG. 5 There is a display thereon comprising two substrates 10, 20 provided with respective electrodes 12, 22. In FIG. also represented under the references 14, 24, the alignment layers provided respectively on the two substrates 10, 20.
- Such a display uses two textures, one uniform or slightly twisted U (illustrated on the left of Figure 5) wherein the molecules are substantially parallel to each other and the other T (shown on the right of Figure 5) which differs from the first by a twist of about +/- 180 °.
- the nematic liquid crystal is chiralised so as to present a spontaneous pitch close to four times the thickness d of the cell, to equalize the energies of the two textures.
- the ratio between cell thickness d and po spontaneous pitch, d / po is therefore about 0.25 +/- 0.1. Without an electric field, these are the states of minimum energy: the cell is bistable. Under a strong field, an almost homeotropic texture (H) is obtained. This state is illustrated in the center of the cell under the reference H.
- the anchoring of the molecules is broken on at least one of the plates 10: the neighboring molecules are normal to it.
- the cell returns to one or the other of the U or T textures, depending on the speed of equilibrium return of the molecules near the surface whose anchorage was not broken.
- a slow return gives the state U by elastic coupling between the molecules near both surfaces.
- a fast return gives the state T by hydrodynamic coupling.
- the U and T textures are optically different, and a BiNem cell between crossed or parallel polarizers allows modulation of light in black (blocking state) and white (on state). Problems encountered in BiNem screens for displaying digits
- a first problem encountered in the manufacture of BiNem screens with segments is the lack of texture control in the unaddressed areas, ie in the areas between the electrodes.
- FIG. 7 shows the photograph of a BiNem screen in transmissive mode.
- the texture U is white and the texture T is black.
- the unaddressed areas are in totally random states and the reading of the digits (here white in U) is difficult.
- the two textures U and T are mixed on a non-visible scale on the non-addressed areas referenced 60, and the visual impression is greyish at this level.
- a solution for the unaddressed areas 60 would be to redo the design of the electrodes (generally consisting of a thin layer of ITO for Indium Tin
- the edge effect can be more or less marked depending on the parameters of the manufacturing process used (brushing force, hardening of the layer, etc.).
- a 45 ° brushing of the cells with respect to the directions of the segments decreases the surface of the edge effects but these are still present.
- Type of electrodes used in liquid crystal displays
- the conductive electrodes are made with a transparent conductor called ITO (mixed oxide of Indium and tin) deposited in a thin layer.
- ITO mixed oxide of Indium and tin
- the electrodes located opposite to the observer do not have the transparency constraint, they can be made with an opaque conductive material, for example aluminum.
- the object of the present invention is essentially to simultaneously solve the two aforementioned imperfections of edge effect and unaddressed areas, which are specific to BiNem technology.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising two substrates provided with respective electrodes and situated on either side of a layer of liquid crystal molecules and means defining two states. stable for the liquid crystal molecules, in the absence of an electric field, characterized in that it further comprises a mask having transparent areas showing only the drawing of the ranges that are to be displayed and opaque areas covering the rest of the surface of the display and inter alia the areas not addressed by the electrodes and, that the electrodes are shaped so that their edges are located in areas outside the transparent ranges of the mask, that on one at less of the substrates, the electrodes are formed of blocks, that each block of electrode being constituted of the meeting of the elementary ranges connected s between them because of multiplexing and secondly the intermediate areas located under the opaque areas of the mask, and that the blocks cover the entire surface of the substrate with the exception of intermediate areas of small width necessary to ensure electrical isolation between the blocks .
- the inventors thus propose to modify the conventional method of producing liquid crystal display cells by producing a mask that only reveals
- FIG. 1 previously described schematically represents the two known textures of a TN screen
- FIG. 2 previously described represents the photograph of a conventional digital TN screen
- FIG. 3 previously described represents the basic diagram of the operation of a matrix screen
- FIG. 4 previously described represents the electrodes of a screen 5 digits, 7 segments; more precisely FIGS. 4a and 4b respectively represent the drawings of the electrodes provided on the two substrates of the cell and FIG. 4c represents these superposed electrodes,
- FIG. 5 previously described represents the functional diagram of a BiNem screen
- FIG. 6 previously described represents the two textures present in a BiNem screen
- FIG. 7 previously described represents the photograph of a BiNem screen in transmissive mode and illustrates the random state of unaddressed zones
- FIG. 8 previously described represents other photographs of a BiNem screen in transmissive mode; more precisely, FIG. 8a illustrates gray unaddressed areas and FIG. 8b illustrates harmful edge effects.
- Figure 9 shows schematically a screen according to the present invention comprising a mask; more precisely FIGS. 9a and 9b show two variants of positioning of the mask in accordance with the present invention,
- FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 schematically represent different steps of the mechanism that led to the drawing of electrodes according to the present invention
- FIG. 13a represents the drawing of main electrodes according to the state of the art
- FIG. 13b shows the drawing of main electrodes in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 14a represents the drawing of counter-electrodes according to the state of the art
- FIG. 14b shows the counter-electrode pattern in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 15a shows the superposition of electrodes according to the state of the art as illustrated in FIGS. 13a and 14a
- FIG. 15b shows the superposition of electrodes according to the present invention as illustrated. in Figures 13b and 14b,
- FIG. 16 represents the photograph of a mask according to the present invention, deposited for example by screen printing on a substrate or another element of the display,
- FIG. 17 represents an exploded perspective view illustrating the superposition of the elements constituting a screen according to the present invention, with an incorporated mask,
- FIG. 19 represents another view of a digital BiNem screen according to the present invention with black mask and in transmissive mode, respectively in the off state (T state) in FIG. 19a and in the on state (U state). ) in Figure 19b, without any misalignment.
- the display device comprises an opaque or quasi-opaque mask 100.
- This mask 100 comprises transparent areas 120 which revealing, that the design of the segments that you want to view, and opaque or almost opaque areas 110 covering the rest of the surface.
- the mask 100 may be made of any suitable material. It can also be placed in any appropriate place of the display.
- the mask 100 can thus be made on the cell itself outside of it, on the observer side or on the opposite side (for example between the substrate 20 and a polarizer 200 placed on the observer side as shown in FIG. 9a or in front of the 200 polarizer side observer, that is to say between the polarizer 200 and the observer as shown in Figure 9b).
- the rear polarizer 250 may be either of the transmissive type in the case of a transmissive screen, or of the reflective type for a reflective screen, or of the transflective type for a transflective screen.
- the mask 100 can be positioned on the side of the lighting or the side of the observer.
- the mask 100 is preferably placed on the side of the observer, that is to say on the top of the screen.
- the mask 100 is preferably aligned with the patterns of the electrodes to better than 50 microns.
- the mask 100 covers the entire surface except for the zones that it is desired to visualize, and thus solves the first problem mentioned above, that is to say that whatever the actual state of the liquid crystal in the zones located under the opaque areas of the mask 100, at this level the appearance of the screen is always that of the mask. Nevertheless edge effects can remain visible.
- the presence of the mask 100 makes it possible to release a certain number of constraints on the design of the electrodes, which does not have to correspond exactly to the shape, here the segment, which one wishes to visualize. These can therefore be completely re-drawn in the context of the present invention.
- the edges of the electrode segments 22 are rejected in areas outside the transparent areas 120 of the mask, under the opaque or quasi-opaque areas 110 of the mask. The previously described edge effects are thus rendered invisible by the mask 100.
- unaddressed areas can be removed by forming blocks of electrodes (eg, ITO) from the rows and columns.
- ITO a block of electrodes
- a mask 100 in a BiNem screen also gives the possibility of optimizing the contrast of the display. Indeed, one can choose to display the white digits on a black background in which case the mask 100 will be black. Or we can choose to display them black on a white background. In this case, the mask 100 will be "white”.
- the mask 100 may actually not be perfectly black or white. It may have a hue that is as close as possible to the state of the digits. If we show the black digits on a light background, it will be necessary that the shade of the mask 100 is as close as possible to the color of the digits when they are clear or vice versa, if one displays white on a dark background, the shade of the mask 100 will have to get as close as possible to the dark state of the digits.
- the mask 100 which only allows the digits and the comma (as represented for example in FIG. 16), is used to cover the nonaddressed areas according to the drawing of the state of the art. But its existence allows to completely modify the design of the electrodes 22 with respect to a conventional geometry, in order to also hide the edge effects described above.
- the edge effects are very marked when the brushing is perpendicular to the pattern of the electrodes. They can extend over 0.5mm on some screens like the one in Figure 8.
- FIG. 10a shows the drawing of conventional electrodes (there is found the brushing direction 72 and the edge effects 70), while FIG. 10b shows a drawing blank within the scope of the present invention.
- the dashed lines 74 delimit the contours of the segments that one wishes to visualize, corresponding to the contours of the electrodes according to the state of the art (FIG. 10a).
- Figure 10b shows that some edge effects that are not controlled size remain visible. These effects occur within certain portions of the dashed frame 74 illustrated in Figure 10b.
- the inventors have determined that it is desirable that the pattern of the electrodes always makes an angle of at least 45 ° with the brushing direction and thus the roll of the brushing machine.
- Fig. 11 accordingly shows the theoretical design that this second modification would entail.
- the edges of the electrodes are no longer perpendicular to the brushing.
- the edge effects 70 are located in the tips of the triangles. They no longer appear through the mask 100. In this configuration, the edge effect 70 is not only smaller but it is also pushed back into an area hidden by the mask 100. In fact, the edge effects 70 visible on the 11 are located outside the transparent areas 75 located inside the frames 74.
- FIG. 12a shows the conventional electrode pattern (on one of the substrates) according to the state of the art (here drawing of the columns)
- FIG. 12b represents a delimitation of electrodes according to the present invention illustrated in superposition.
- Fig. 12c shows the final drawing of electrodes according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the inventors advocate creating electrode blocks 28 from the original segments 22 interconnected by the multiplexing and by widening these blocks well beyond the zone to be view.
- the opaque mask having lifted any constraint as to the shape of the electrode, the size of these blocks can be increased until they become almost contiguous, only separated by a narrow area 281 of narrow width, typically 2 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- adjacent adjacent electrode blocks 28 may be delimited by contours consisting of sections, preferably rectilinear , parallel to each other.
- the interblock zone is then delimited on one of its dimensions by two rectilinear sections parallel to each other separated by a distance typically between 2 and 100 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m.
- this surface is then significantly less resistive than three conventional segments 22 connected by two narrow tracks 23.
- Figures 12a, 12b and 12c show the passage of the original drawing to the final drawing through the multiplexing and use of the mask. It can be seen in FIG. 12a that the segments 22 of a digit are interconnected by thin tracks 23. The multiplexing being three in this drawing, the segments 22 of the electrodes are connected by three as explained above.
- Figure 12b shows the superimposition of the original drawing (almost equivalent to the drawing of the mask) and the final drawing of the digit where three electrode blocks 28, for example made of ITO, have been created, consisting of the combination, on the one hand, of the elementary ranges or segments connected together by the multiplexing and on the other hand of the intermediate zones, which in the drawing according to the state of the art constituted the unaddressed areas between the segments.
- FIG. 12c shows that in the final drawing the ITO surface is much larger than in the conventional drawing. There are no more unaddressed areas, which allows a total refresh of the surface of the screen, including the areas that we want to visualize. The effects of edges 70 are rejected in the points of the drawing which are very far from the visible area by the user.
- the principle of the IO block 280 is preserved on the upper edge of the ITO block 280. 45 ° angle of the brushing direction 72 no longer in the form of a single tip but in the form of several saw teeth, in order to reduce the surface of the electrode and thus reduce the risk of short circuit.
- the final electrode pattern shown in FIG. 12c has several advantages over and above the rejection of the edge effects 70 outside the visible area of the user:
- a first advantage is the simplification of the design of the tracks which leads to an increase in the production yield.
- a second advantage is to facilitate the alignment between the pattern of the mask and that of the electrode.
- the electrode according to the invention there are no longer unaddressed areas and the width of the interblock area can be decreased compared to that according to the state of the art, while that of mask 100 may be slightly enlarged. Since the entire blocks of ITO 28 are addressed, one is no longer limited by the shape of the segments 22 to align the mask 100 on the ITO electrodes (or conversely, alignment of the lithography on the mask 100). The limitation on the alignment then comes only from the interblock zone 281. To facilitate it, the inventors have made the following modifications mentioned above:
- a third advantage is that, due to the increase in the area of each electrode block, its overall strength is reduced. In the same way, the connection tracks 282 of FIG. 13a according to the state of the art have been widened in FIG. 13b according to the invention.
- a fourth advantage is that the useful area is almost full ITO, which guarantees a very good homogeneity of the thickness of the liquid crystal cell. Such homogeneity facilitates cell filling.
- electrically unconnected blocks referenced 284 in FIGS. 13b and 14b may be added to the outside of the usable area. These blocks
- the active electrodes 284 have the same thickness as the active electrodes. They are preferably made of the same material as these active electrodes, either in ITO. Preferably, the distance separating these ITO blocks 284 from each other and separating them from the electrodes 28 is between 1 and 500 ⁇ m, very preferably between 5 and 50 ⁇ m.
- the filling front is not at all regular.
- the liquid crystal first fills the thinnest areas, ie the areas with ITO next, then the zones without ITO. So we fill the segments first and then the inside of the digits and the bottom of the cell. It happens regularly that this non-uniform filling leaves small bubbles in these areas. These bubbles are inconvenient aesthetically and can move by pressure on the cell.
- the good homogeneity of the thickness of the cell according to the present invention allows on the contrary a more uniform filling which limits the number of bubbles.
- FIG. 13b shows an example of drawing of the ITO according to the invention on each complete electrode.
- 12 ITO blocks corresponding to the twelve columns of the electrode (FIG. 13b) and 3 blocks of ITO on the counter electrode corresponding to the three lines (FIG. 14b) are created.
- the final drawing obtained is illustrated in FIG. 15b. It has nothing to do with the classic original drawing shown in Figure 15a. This new design has almost a full electrode.
- FIG. 15b shows the superposition of the two electrodes according to the invention (FIGS. 13b and 14b) of the display and the mask 100.
- Figure 16 shows the result of depositing a black ink on a lithography substrate.
- the mask is placed between the substrate of the top 20 and the polarizer 200 as shown in FIG. 17. With this mask hue, after making the screen, the display is white on a black background.
- FIGS. 18 and 19 Examples of screens made with the electrode pattern 28 and the mask 100 according to the invention are shown in FIGS. 18 and 19. On these screens are displayed the digits in white on a black background. On the screen of Figure 18, unaddressed areas and edge effects no longer appear. However, the color of the mask is not yet quite black digits and the mask is not perfectly aligned with the design of the electrode, so we can always see interblock areas 281 in the white state. On the display of Figure 19, the color of the mask is perfectly adapted to the color of the digits and it is perfectly aligned. Naturally, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments which have just been described, but extends to all variants that are in keeping with its spirit.
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Abstract
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Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP05795943A EP1784807A1 (fr) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-11 | Afficheur a cristal liquide perfectionne notamment par suppression d'effets nefastes sur les bords de zones adressees |
US11/660,342 US7812903B2 (en) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-11 | Liquid crystal display enhanced in particular by elimination of harmful effects on the edges of addressed zones |
JP2007526508A JP2008510196A (ja) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-11 | アドレス指定された領域のエッジに対する悪影響を排除することにより機能が高められた液晶ディスプレイ |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0408920 | 2004-08-17 | ||
FR0408920A FR2874446B1 (fr) | 2004-08-17 | 2004-08-17 | Afficheur a cristal liquide perfectionne notamment par suppression d'effets nefastes sur les bords de zones adressees |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2006021681A1 true WO2006021681A1 (fr) | 2006-03-02 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/FR2005/002076 WO2006021681A1 (fr) | 2004-08-17 | 2005-08-11 | Afficheur a cristal liquide perfectionne notamment par suppression d'effets nefastes sur les bords de zones adressees |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7812903B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1784807A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2008510196A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2874446B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2006021681A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2924520A1 (fr) * | 2007-02-21 | 2009-06-05 | Nemoptic Sa | Dispositif afficheur a cristal liquide comprenant des moyens perfectionnes de commutation. |
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EP0381526A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-08 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif à cristal liquide ferro-électrique et son procédé de fabrication |
EP1011010A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-24 | 2000-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd | Dispositif a cristaux liquides et son procede de fabrication |
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JP2605003B2 (ja) * | 1984-05-25 | 1997-04-30 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ネジレネマチツク液晶表示装置 |
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JPS61140981A (ja) * | 1984-12-12 | 1986-06-28 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示パネル |
JPH03233427A (ja) * | 1989-02-02 | 1991-10-17 | Sharp Corp | 強誘電性液晶素子 |
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JPH1184431A (ja) * | 1997-09-16 | 1999-03-26 | Canon Inc | 液晶素子及びその製造方法 |
US6295109B1 (en) * | 1997-12-26 | 2001-09-25 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | LCD with plurality of pixels having reflective and transmissive regions |
JP2000275646A (ja) * | 1999-03-24 | 2000-10-06 | Nec Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
US20030184703A1 (en) * | 2000-01-21 | 2003-10-02 | Greene Raymond G. | Construction of large, robust, monolithic and monolithic-like, AMLCD displays with wide view angle |
EP1272894A1 (fr) * | 2000-04-03 | 2003-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif d'affichage et son procede de fabrication |
US7224417B2 (en) * | 2001-05-04 | 2007-05-29 | Nemoptic | Nematic liquid crystal bistable display device with grey level |
JP2003066433A (ja) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-05 | Hitachi Ltd | 液晶表示装置 |
FR2829244B1 (fr) * | 2001-08-29 | 2004-09-10 | Nemoptic | Dispositif d'affichage bistable a cristal liquide nematique a masque optique perfectionne |
-
2004
- 2004-08-17 FR FR0408920A patent/FR2874446B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2005
- 2005-08-11 WO PCT/FR2005/002076 patent/WO2006021681A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2005-08-11 US US11/660,342 patent/US7812903B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-08-11 EP EP05795943A patent/EP1784807A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-08-11 JP JP2007526508A patent/JP2008510196A/ja active Pending
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JPH0242418A (ja) * | 1988-08-02 | 1990-02-13 | Nippon New Kuroomu Kk | 透過型液晶表示素子および透過型カラー液晶表示素子 |
EP0381526A1 (fr) * | 1989-02-02 | 1990-08-08 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif à cristal liquide ferro-électrique et son procédé de fabrication |
EP1011010A1 (fr) * | 1997-01-24 | 2000-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd | Dispositif a cristaux liquides et son procede de fabrication |
US6476895B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2002-11-05 | Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
MARTINOT-LAGARDE P ET AL: "The Binem(R) display, a nematic bistable device switched by surface anchoring breaking", PROCEEDINGS OF THE SPIE - THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR OPTICAL ENGINEERING SPIE-INT. SOC. OPT. ENG USA, vol. 5003, 21 January 2003 (2003-01-21), pages 25 - 34, XP002317405, ISSN: 0277-786X * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 014, no. 201 (P - 1041) 24 April 1990 (1990-04-24) * |
See also references of EP1784807A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1784807A1 (fr) | 2007-05-16 |
US20080303992A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
US7812903B2 (en) | 2010-10-12 |
FR2874446B1 (fr) | 2007-01-12 |
FR2874446A1 (fr) | 2006-02-24 |
JP2008510196A (ja) | 2008-04-03 |
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