WO2003000483A1 - Körper mit verbesserten oberflächen-eigenschaften - Google Patents
Körper mit verbesserten oberflächen-eigenschaften Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2003000483A1 WO2003000483A1 PCT/DE2002/002269 DE0202269W WO03000483A1 WO 2003000483 A1 WO2003000483 A1 WO 2003000483A1 DE 0202269 W DE0202269 W DE 0202269W WO 03000483 A1 WO03000483 A1 WO 03000483A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- structuring
- structures
- body according
- surface structuring
- elevations
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/10—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material
- F15D1/12—Influencing flow of fluids around bodies of solid material by influencing the boundary layer
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
- A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
- A63C5/044—Structure of the surface thereof of the running sole
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
- B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B08—CLEANING
- B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
- B08B17/00—Methods preventing fouling
- B08B17/02—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust
- B08B17/06—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement
- B08B17/065—Preventing deposition of fouling or of dust by giving articles subject to fouling a special shape or arrangement the surface having a microscopic surface pattern to achieve the same effect as a lotus flower
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C45/00—Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
- B29C45/17—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C45/26—Moulds
- B29C45/37—Mould cavity walls, i.e. the inner surface forming the mould cavity, e.g. linings
- B29C45/372—Mould cavity walls, i.e. the inner surface forming the mould cavity, e.g. linings provided with means for marking or patterning, e.g. numbering articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C21/00—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
- B64C21/10—Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow using other surface properties, e.g. roughness
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F15—FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
- F15D—FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F15D1/00—Influencing flow of fluids
- F15D1/002—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer
- F15D1/0025—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply
- F15D1/003—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions
- F15D1/0035—Influencing flow of fluids by influencing the boundary layer using passive means, i.e. without external energy supply comprising surface features, e.g. indentations or protrusions in the form of riblets
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C2201/00—Use of skates, skis, roller-skates, snowboards and courts
- A63C2201/04—Ski jumping
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
- B29C59/022—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing characterised by the disposition or the configuration, e.g. dimensions, of the embossments or the shaping tools therefor
- B29C2059/023—Microembossing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/14—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/14—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment
- B29C59/142—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by plasma treatment of profiled articles, e.g. hollow or tubular articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0037—Other properties
- B29K2995/0093—Other properties hydrophobic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C2230/00—Boundary layer controls
- B64C2230/26—Boundary layer controls by using rib lets or hydrophobic surfaces
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/10—Drag reduction
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
Definitions
- the described invention relates to a body with surfaces which are equipped with structures according to the invention and thus have improved properties.
- those surfaces that can come into contact with both fluid and solid media, as well as soiled / contaminated with any materials and particles, or can be contaminated or covered in some other way.
- surfaces are described that are improved by special structuring as well as by combinations of materials, surface changes and other shape, material and function-changing measures in such a way that the surfaces have advantages, both in the area of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic frictional resistances (reduction of turbulence and influence) of flow stalling or flow separation behavior), as well as in the area of movement on the respective subsurface or in the respective medium, in addition to this, the surface is both optimized in its function / possibly. safer to use and pollution / icing is also reduced.
- Describe surface structures that are defined both in terms of size and in terms of application to very specific applications or forms of expression. In addition, they are also limited to specific areas of application (vehicles, aircraft, etc.), especially practically exclusively to interfere with the surface, and here in particular to properties that reduce friction, e.g. to increase speeds or reduce the amount of energy to be used. Compared to the surface according to the invention, other surfaces, especially those with structures, have many disadvantages.
- the invention is based on the object of describing a novel surface that covers at least part of the
- a body has a plurality of surfaces which can come into contact with different media
- the first surface structuring being adapted to a first medium which comes into contact with the first surface
- a second surface is provided with a second surface structuring in the micrometer range and / or in the nanometer range, the second
- first medium and the second can be the same medium or different media of the same phase (liquid, solid, gaseous), for example both media can be a liquid of the same or different viscosity, a gas or a solid .
- first medium and the second can be the same medium or different media of the same phase (liquid, solid, gaseous), for example both media can be a liquid of the same or different viscosity, a gas or a solid .
- both friction-reducing properties with one or more different fluid media , possibly even with different flow rates and even different flow directions, as well as certain self-cleaning properties with regard to different media.
- the self-cleaning support surface can be designed on the same object, but different surface areas, both hydrophobically and lipophobically, in order to be able to best perform the desired tasks.
- the surface according to the invention can also take on tasks other than self-cleaning, such as, for example, facilitating the prevention of the depositing and sticking of heavier materials on the bottom of objects (for example containers), as well as the pouring out of the inventive combination with corresponding direction-oriented structures Improve, lighten and also accelerate materials or take away deposited material on the side walls again.
- the present invention describes surfaces with arrangements according to the invention of structures which can have both friction-reducing and self-cleaning surface properties, and Flow velocities and flow directions can be influenced by specific characteristics, and can also delay or, if necessary, accelerate the transition from laminar to turbulent flows, and can be formed in any combination of structures designed according to their tasks.
- the surfaces according to the invention have further advantages. Depending on the application, they can be used for the exchange of fluid media, for example for selective throughput processes.
- the surfaces according to the invention can be equipped in a special form with functionalized surface structures or materials.
- the combination of directional and non-directional structures offers further advantages: In special forms, there is the possibility of using, supplementing and improving the respective advantages and areas of application of the individual structures by means of the other structure.
- the function of the friction-reducing surface can be improved with the help of the self-cleaning surface in such a way that the friction-reducing surface structure can be protected from dirt and deposits by the self-cleaning surface structure, so that the function can be guaranteed and maintained even under the influence of contaminating fluids .
- the self-cleaning surface structure in combination with the friction-reducing surface structure can be optimized, for example, to the extent that the cleaning substances, e.g. water etc., can be directed through the direction-influencing, friction-reducing surface structure to where optimal cleaning is guaranteed or also takes place.
- the advantages of the surfaces according to the invention are very diverse, they make it possible to assign new application possibilities to surfaces and objects, and to improve and expand previous applications.
- This invention can be applied to all surfaces of objects, in particular those surfaces which are subjected to frictional resistance during movement, for example due to air friction (gas mixture) or liquid friction (water), but also due to frictional processes on, on or with solids, or any combination of these aggregate states , or combinations of mixtures or mixtures of the same aggregate states.
- This invention is to achieve improved frictional resistance values, particularly in the case of static and sliding friction processes, or any combination of these types of friction with one another. Furthermore, this invention includes the reduction or otherwise influencing all occurring sliding friction effects with, between moving bodies with moving or non-moving materials / media, and between all non-moving bodies with moving materials / media.
- An important part of the surfaces according to the invention are the various forms of self-cleaning structures, which can be designed in different design variations (shape, size, material, coating, etc.) due to special microstructures, mainly in the form of undirected elevations or depressions or elevations and depressions eg in the form of nubs.
- these structures have the property, under certain conditions (correct size of the structures, spacing of the elevations or depressions from one another, as well as the correspondingly adjusted heights of the elevations in relation to the spacing, and the correct choice of material, suitable for the contaminating media to be expected and cleaning fluids, etc.) with the respective corresponding, mainly fluid media (eg water), with the help of which self-cleaning is to be promoted, among other things to form very low wettability values, in particular visible through large contact angles / contact angles.
- fluid media eg water
- contaminating particles e.g. dirt particles
- the contact surface boundary layer
- the contaminating particle (s) are larger due to water drops with which he / she comes into contact during the cleaning process
- the surface according to the invention can also be supplemented by a targeted increase (corresponding combination with the friction-reducing, flow-influencing, speed-increasing variant of the surface according to the invention) of the speed, the friction, and the energy with which the medium which supports the cleaning to the self-cleaning Surface structure strikes, so the cleaning effect can be used, improved, and even made possible in individual application forms.
- micro-structured, self-cleaning surfaces In contrast to normal smooth surfaces, certain types of micro-structured, self-cleaning surfaces ideally reach a contact angle / contact angle with a value of up to 160 ° (with wax-like substances). These extremely hydrophobic surfaces are called ultraphobic. A contact angle of 0 degrees means complete wetting, an angle of 180 degrees completely non-wetting. These microstructured surfaces have special, hemispherical, lenticular or knob-shaped structures, which
- suitable hydrophobic measures e.g. anionic, cationic, amphoteric, nonionic surface-active compounds
- microstructures described below mainly refer to the area ⁇ 1 mm, the rib structures in the ⁇ m range, the microstructures to prevent contamination, contamination, icing, etc. however, can still be considerably smaller, ie the smallest structures reach into the nano range depending on the application.
- microstructured surfaces In existing applications, the use of microstructured surfaces is always specifically designed for a specific function in a specific medium, e.g. Reduced friction with air or reduced friction with water.
- the microstructured surfaces used are usually made of a very specific, mostly uniform material, and the surfaces are structured uniformly in order to reduce frictional resistance in connection with certain media.
- self-cleaning surface structuring these are also usually made for a product from particles / elevations of different sizes, but with the same material.
- the rib-shaped surface structures have the advantage over all other surface structuring, as well as over very smooth surfaces, that they have a clearly positive influence on all flow around the body, both due to turbulence-influencing effects and u. U. by delay delamination compared to, for example, smooth surfaces. Both effects influence the sliding behavior of the body around which fluids flow, in a positive way, especially when
- the flow velocities are such that the edge zones, i.e. the areas in the fluid media, which are in contact with other, e.g. solid materials are in contact, areas are where the friction, due to the cohesion between the different materials, causes the liquids to flow much more slowly here than inside, e.g. a tube where only molecules of the fluid are present and the intermolecular frictional forces are significantly lower and therefore the highest flow rate is achieved.
- the Reynolds number is a dimensionless figure for the
- Speed is a characteristic 1.
- Length pipe diameter or diameter of a body with flow
- v the kinematic. Viscosity of the liquid.
- the critical Reynolds number is a turbulence criterion, it indicates when a laminar flow changes into a turbulent one.
- a flow is laminar at small values and turbulent at larger values.
- the order of magnitude of the fin spacing of the grooved / fin structure according to the invention to be selected on one of the surfaces of the sliding element depends, among other things, on what the kinematic toughness (quotient of the toughness of the fluid and its density) of the fluid, which mainly causes frictional resistance, will be.
- the degree of wettability of a solid by a certain liquid always shows a state of equilibrium between cohesion and adhesion, ie it shows one State between the interaction with the wall molecules and the other liquid molecules of the respective liquid.
- Mercury This property is based on the extremely high surface tension that exists between the individual mercury atoms.
- An example of a solid on which liquids form very large contact angles is PTFE.
- the low tendency of the PTFE to adhere is due to its extremely low surface energy. At 18 mN / M, it has the lowest surface energy known from a solid. However, due to its other properties, it has the disadvantage of having very little wear resistance.
- Coating systems based on carbon (a-C: h or DLC (diamond like carbon) and Me-C: H) offer ideal wear resistance.
- the wetting angle of water could be increased to over 100 degrees, which significantly reduced the wettability.
- the ideal body is represented by the streamlined body. Its drag coefficient is 0.055. This value will by ensuring that its flow does not stop, and that there are no large pressure differences that could create eddies and thus turbulence.
- the laminar flow is maintained all over the body.
- the longitudinal grooves which are mainly oriented in the longitudinal direction of the body, in accordance with the invention, it can be assumed that the grooves and edges of the structuring hinder the formation of cross-currents in the viscous lower layer, thereby reducing turbulence in the boundary layer. This in turn means that less pulse exchange takes place and consequently a generally lower turbulent shear stress is to be expected. It can also be assumed that if the ribs flow slightly at an angle, they will influence the flow close to the body so that it will run more in the direction parallel to the body.
- This property can be used to apply the rib structures to a surface in such a way and in such a way that they can be used to influence the flow direction, at least in part, and thereby improve and facilitate the two- or three-dimensional control of the body (also applies for sliding elements for ski jumping).
- This effect has the great advantage that it can be expected for both types of flow, laminar and turbulent flows, as well as in this context for gaseous and liquid media.
- This in turn can be used on different surfaces, which can be structured differently (since they come into contact with different fluids), and also because of their position on the respective surface of an element can have somewhat different tasks in the area of friction reduction and thereby Bring benefits.
- the factor s 2h has proven to be a good size ratio of the height h of the elevations to the distance s between the elevations h, but this value can vary widely depending on the application.
- Trapezoidal grooves with elevations which have a side inclination of approx. 30 - 45 ° in a triangular shape and, if necessary, other inclination angles, are particularly useful.
- the external shape of the elevations as well as the angle, the distance between the elevations and the material from which these microstructured surfaces are made can be adapted to the requirements.
- certain e.g. Supplementary structures are applied in certain zones of the surface, for example structures executed diagonally to the direction of movement, which can drain excess fluid in a targeted manner, or can also take on other tasks, such as generating friction or turbulence.
- a refined or coarser structure in individual areas of the surface can provide other, improved properties of the object equipped with these surfaces.
- a main structure variant of the surface should have rib-like structures which are attached in the direction of movement so that a density of approx. 10 -35 e.g. trapezoidal, U-shaped, V-shaped, L-shaped grooves per mm is achieved.
- this type of structuring means that very good sliding properties can be expected due to the reduced static friction
- the surface remains very stable despite the relatively large number of ribs, due to the large number of elevations (cf.Fakir's nail bed).
- this rib structure can be supplemented by a scale structure. It can be assumed that these surfaces can be made even more lubricious if the appropriate lubricant, such as wax or the like, is applied to the surface.
- the construction of surfaces with a friction-reducing and self-cleaning or non-soiling function can also be applied to all other products that are either exposed to gas, liquid or even a certain amount of solid friction / contamination (e.g.
- the application according to the invention applies both to bodies that are moved due to their own strength (car, bicycle, etc.) and to those that are moved due to other forces (acceleration due to gravity, motor, muscle, etc.).
- the microstructuring of sports equipment is particularly worth mentioning, since this area is constantly trying to develop new products with even better properties in order to achieve new top performance and to improve general use and application. In general, this invention does not result in major
- Adhesive metallization can be applied to a surface prepared in this way using conventional palladium nucleation. This method can also be used to metallize plastics that have not been metallizable up to now, or that can only be metallized with the help of high foreign matter surcharge.
- This next step is functionalization.
- the treatment of plastic parts with oxygen as a process gas leads to hydroxyl, carbonyl, or also ester groups, i.e. chemically functional molecular parts, which make workpieces pretreated in this way susceptible to further surface processes (changes in surface properties depending on the desired requirements - hydrophobic and wax-friendly , electrically conductive, etc.).
- the surface of an object is determined by its surface; In the application area of modified surfaces according to the invention, the wettability and the friction play an important role here. Plasma technology can also be used so that such micro- and nano-structures according to the invention can be produced economically.
- thin ceramic structures can be micro or nano structured e.g. are applied to metal stamps, which in turn can then, for example, emboss materials that can be embossed by ceramic structures, such as plastics (plexiglass, etc.) with this micro / nanostructure.
- the structure of the ceramic layer is self-organizing, but the plasma process must be controlled so that exactly the self-organization desired for the respective application takes place in order to achieve the respective structure.
- Plasma processes can e.g. Manufacture structured rolls according to the invention, for. Made of metal, etc., for hot stamping nano / micro structures on certain surfaces of objects, as well as nano / micro structures on all other surfaces as well as all additional elements required and used to use these objects, which consist of embossable materials.
- the invention described here consists of very diverse possibilities for improvement, which do not necessarily have to be used on a surface or for one and the same product, but each individual improvement can also be used separately.
- the surface can be optimally adapted to the respective environmental conditions and media.
- the first example describes snow sliding elements, the surfaces of which are improved by special structuring as well as by combinations of materials, surface changes and other measures to change shape, material and function in such a way that the sliding element has advantages, both in the area of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic frictional resistance (reduction of turbulence and influencing flow stalling or flow separation behavior), as well as in the area of sliding on the respective subsurface, in addition to this it is both optimized in its function / becomes safer in use and contamination / icing is also reduced.
- This invention can be applied to all surfaces of objects which are subject to frictional resistance when moving, e.g. by air friction (gas mixture) or
- Liquid friction water
- the purpose of this invention is to improve
- this invention includes the reduction of all occurring sliding friction effects, between moving bodies with moving or non-moving materials / media, as well as between all non-moving bodies with moving materials / media.
- the improved surfaces of the Sliding elements both an improved, safer function of the surface elements (binding, ski brake, etc.) is achieved, as well as a considerable reduction in icing / contamination (deposition of undesired materials on the surface) of these elements, which optimizes the use and wearing comfort of the sliding elements ,
- the treads of the skis produced today are made of low-cost polymers, such as Polyethylene, and usually have small, in the direction of travel
- PE is an inexpensive material which, thanks to its thermoplastic properties, can be shaped into the appropriate form, both with minimal effort and at low cost.
- the goal of many improvements is to use new materials to change the running surfaces of sliding elements to such an extent that the respective sliding element can slide faster on the respective surface.
- the disadvantage of many of these ideas is that very expensive materials have to be used, or that the production of the respective outsoles is very expensive and complex, especially with a view to the fact that only a part of the sliding element can be improved thereby.
- Polyethylene material due to its currently common type of structuring, is still relatively large due to water. This means that the sliding friction forces present in this way hinder the sliding of the sliding element on the ground. Without wax, the wettability values of PE surfaces at contact angles are less than 80 °, ie as a result, the sliding element's sliding properties are reduced, among other things due to increased friction values. In current use, the sliding friction forces are reduced by special wax mixtures, which among other things have the task of reducing the wettability of the outsole surface by water. Today with good special waxes (fluorine waxes) wettability values in the form of measurable
- Edge angle / contact angle of approx. 120 ° reached, in contrast to approx. 80 ° - 90 ° contact angles for PE surfaces with common waxes.
- attempts have been made to achieve friction-reducing effects by changing the outer shape of the snow sliding elements in order to improve the aerodynamics of the sliding element in such a way that the sliding element is more comfortable to drive.
- the reduction in air friction should also enable a higher sliding speed.
- Many of these existing improvements have the disadvantage of being expensive and uneconomical, and they also have other disadvantages, such as an increase in the weight of the sliding element or other disadvantages in use, storage or use, which occur as a result of the different design.
- Such an object is either annoying, if you should always have it with you, also annoying, under certain circumstances even dangerous, if it is on the snow gliding element, the ski pole or any other piece of equipment. It is also an additional product, which, depending on the prevailing snow or weather conditions, may not be considered an annoying accessory by most users of snow gliding elements.
- snow guards are attached to or on the snow gliding element, which consequently leads to higher weight, more cumbersome handling, as well as other driving characteristics and, of course, as with the ⁇ iscratchers, can also be purchased as an additional accessory, or additionally attached. This again involves costs and effort for the user.
- the wettability of PE outsoles is reduced in current use by applying wax, which in turn has particularly hydrophobic properties, to the covering.
- wax which in turn has particularly hydrophobic properties
- the success of waxing increases if the wax is applied at an elevated temperature (approx. 130 ° C) (hot waxing).
- This process means that the wax can penetrate into the top layer of the polymer, thereby improving the hydrophobic properties of the polymer, ie the covering of the outsole.
- the disadvantage of this procedure, with normally structured outsoles is that the outsole, due to its relatively coarse structure, and therefore only slightly enlarged surface, can only absorb or store a very limited amount of wax.
- the invention described here has several positive effects, not only partially on a certain part of the sliding element, but also on the optimization of individual functional units (outsole, binding area, etc.), as well as on the functioning of the entire sliding element.
- the improvement according to the invention on the sliding element is achieved by corresponding structural adaptation or new or partial structuring of surfaces with a microstructure according to the invention which were not previously structured, or surfaces which already have structures, but are improved and supplemented by a microstructure can. This brings clear advantages and improvements over other previously used solutions.
- the application of the surfaces on sliding elements according to the invention is based, inter alia, on the object of improving them in such a way that, for example, the outsole achieves a lower coefficient of friction with the ground by means of suitable microstructuring, and the sliding element can therefore slide better and faster. Furthermore, the invention, applied to the remaining surfaces except the outsole, reduces the invention
- Air resistance of the entire sliding element so that here both a more comfortable use and a faster sliding speed can be achieved.
- the problem of contamination of the sliding element, as well as the undesirable deposition of snow and ice on and on the sliding element, as well as in the binding area can be reduced or prevented. This makes driving with the sliding element as well as getting into the binding considerably easier.
- the dangers are significantly reduced when it comes to problems with the ski binding, the ski brake and all moving mechanical elements. The possible occurrence of malfunctions can be reduced, since the probability of the occurrence of
- MicroStructures running in the direction of movement have the MicroStructures rather friction and
- Movement while skiing is fundamentally influenced by two factors: the first is the air resistance, the second is the frictional forces on the snow or
- both types of Reduce resistance ie by suitable microstructuring of the surface. This applies to both the outsole and the entire top of the ski, including the steel edges and the side cheeks of the ski.
- microstructures described below relate mainly to the area ⁇ 1 mm, whereby the groove structures in the ⁇ m range, the microstructures to prevent icing and contamination e.g. in the
- Bond area but can still be considerably smaller, i.e. the smallest structures reach into the nano range depending on the application.
- the properties of the sliding element are improved in that all surfaces have significantly better values due to the appropriate application of a microstructuring with respect to frictional resistance, tendency to turbulence and flow separation or flow separation behavior, and that the contamination is also achieved by applying suitable microstructuring according to the invention or icing etc. can be significantly reduced or prevented.
- suitable microstructuring according to the invention or icing etc. can be significantly reduced or prevented.
- different microstructures can be applied or applied to the surfaces of the sliding element concerned for the different media which are responsible for the friction.
- another type of microstructuring approx. 10 - 25 grooves / mm may be appropriate, since the microstructuring that most effectively reduces the frictional resistance with the respective fluids should be selected for each surface, since this is mainly the case
- Microstructuring should be relatively fine, i.e. for example approx. 10 - 35 surveys / mm, since air (gas mixture) mainly occurs as the medium that generates frictional resistance.
- the structures should be applied largely in the longitudinal direction on the sliding element so that they are oriented in the direction of travel during normal use of the sliding element.
- Snow gliding element particularly in the binding area, i.e. surface in the binding area, binding, brake, and plate under the binding (heightening plate), but also the parts of the boot which are relevant for fastening the snow sliding element to the user / wearer are microstructured in this way (with small hydrophobic elevations in a distributed manner Form (nub structure), permanently attached), soiling or icing (clogging by snow) is reduced or even prevented or can be removed very easily by exposure to water.
- the degree of wettability of a solid by a certain liquid always shows a state of equilibrium between cohesion and adhesion, ie it shows one
- Carbon-based coating systems (a-C: h or DLC (diamond like carbon) and Me-C: H) offer ideal wear resistance.
- the wetting angle of water could be increased to over 100 degrees, which significantly reduced the wettability.
- Wax The intention in developing different types of wax is to make one as large as possible
- a contact angle of 0 degrees means complete wetting, an angle of 180 degrees completely non-wetting.
- Pimpled, microstructured surfaces according to the invention have special structures which prevent water drops from attaching or cause dirt particles to be washed away very easily by water. It can therefore be said that such a surface, applied to sliding elements, would create almost ideal water-repellent conditions, especially in combination with suitable hydrophobizing measures, such as in the form of hydrophobic phobing agents (e.g. anionic, cationic, amphoteric, nonionic surface-active compounds), eg as a spray or wax.
- the actual sliding of the ski on the snow is based, at least in part, on the same principle as the sliding of ice skates on ice. This physical peculiarity is based on a special property of water and is called regulation. It describes the pressure dependence of the phase transition from the solid to the liquid state of matter for substances whose melt has a higher density than their solid phase (water, bismuth, gallium).
- Friction and therefore heat This frictional heat causes the snow crystals under the covering to melt briefly (melting cap formation). This partial melting is responsible for the gliding process. Too much melting cap formation, however, creates a water film and thus adhesive forces and a suction effect that counteracts sliding.
- the tread structure significantly influences the sliding properties and also the turning properties of the ski.
- the structure reduces the friction between snow and
- Feed and speed of rotation impresses different patterns in the ski base, which then serve to let the ski slide on the existing water film, depending on the moisture conditions of the snow.
- the influence of the water film on the sliding behavior of the sliding element should be controlled by the fine, mainly running channels and adapted to the respective requirements.
- the suction effect can be counteracted.
- the microstructuring also achieves a hydrophobic effect that counteracts the suction effect.
- This hydrophobic property also means that the ski has very little friction on the ground, which may can also lead to less wear on the ski sole covering material.
- the tendency to turbulence, the friction resistance and the stall behavior of the respective flowing fluids are reduced by the microstructuring of the surfaces of the snow sliding element according to the invention.
- the coverings structured according to the invention can of course also consist of other suitable materials than the ones currently used, so e.g. PTFE, other plastics, surface-modified plastics, metals and metal alloys, carbon-based coating systems, as well as all other suitable materials and material mixtures.
- “Surfaces of the sliding element” encompasses all surfaces which are visible on the outer sides or can be exposed to frictional resistances or also contaminating environments. Furthermore, the invention encompasses surface changes in the binding area, on the ski boots and on the clothing and also on all accessories which are worn on the body can be.
- the primary improvement is to change the outsole.
- the optimization of the outsole of the sliding element according to the invention mainly reduces the frictional resistance and the tendency to turbulence in the hydrodynamic range.
- the microstructuring of the surfaces according to the invention leads to a reduction in friction and a reduction in the tendency to turbulence, mainly in the aerodynamic range.
- the improvement consists in structuring the ski sole - in contrast to the current structuring - much more finely, but predominantly also in the longitudinal direction.
- a comparable longitudinal structure lends itself to the entire surface of the sliding element exposed to air resistance, as well for the binding as well as the ski boot and all clothing of the user.
- I refer to a snow gliding board and here in particular the ski, representative of all possible applications of microstructuring according to the invention on sliding elements.
- These microstructures according to the invention serve not only to reduce frictional resistances, but also to reduce turbulence tendencies and flow separation behavior of fluid media, and to support the hydrophobic properties of the respective surface material.
- all surfaces according to the invention for preventing contamination and icing, and, if necessary, for reducing frictional resistance are also shown using the example of a snow gliding element, in particular a ski, and the elements, devices and equipment required for its use.
- the example of the application of this type of surface structuring to sliding elements, in particular snow sliding elements clearly shows that these
- structuring on the respective surfaces can be dimensioned such that, e.g. on the surface of the outsole, as well as in the edge area and if necessary also on the sides of the ski, the structuring to the expected friction-causing medium (snow, ice), the melting process explained above, due to friction and pressure, at least partially melted into water will be adjusted.
- the other surfaces of the ski can be set to another expected friction-generating medium, namely air.
- Both effects influence the sliding behavior of the body around which fluids flow, e.g. in the form of a sliding element in a positive way, especially when sliding within a uniform fluid (air), for example when ski jumping.
- a general improvement in the frictional resistance is achieved by means of a longitudinally oriented rib structure on all surfaces of the sliding element, the fineness of the structures being able to be made dependent on the respective flowing fluid medium.
- This behavior of the sliding element can be reduced by a specific structure refinement or adaptation of the structure at certain points of the sliding element, where flow separation behavior is most likely to be expected, e.g. in the rear binding area, as well as at the tip of the sliding element, etc.
- This property can be used to apply the rib structures in the type and direction to the sliding element so that they can be used at least in part to influence the flow direction, and thereby to control the sliding element (during sliding and turning due to the corresponding structuring of the edge area of the steel edges) can be improved and relieved (also applies to sliding elements for ski jumping).
- the primary structure of the outsole should have groove-like structures which are attached in the running direction so that a density of approx. 10 -25 e.g. trapezoidal, U-shaped, V-shaped, L-shaped grooves per mm is achieved ( Figure 1).
- this type of structuring means that very good sliding properties can be expected due to the reduced static friction forces.
- the surface remains very stable despite the relatively large number of ribs, due to the large number of elevations (see nail bed from Fakir). If necessary, this rib structure can be supplemented by a shed structure, particularly useful for cross-country skiing and touring. It can be assumed that these surfaces can be made even more lubricious if the appropriate lubricant, such as wax or the like, is applied to the surface.
- certain, e.g. Supplementary structures are set in certain zones of the ski, for example structures that are carried out diagonally to the direction of travel, which can discharge excess water to the outside.
- a refined or coarser structure in individual areas of the sliding element can provide improved driving properties.
- Edges are made as one-piece edges or link edges in various steel hardnesses. Hard steels are more resistant, but more difficult to machine.
- edges A relatively new development are heat-treated steels as edge material, which hold the sharpness longer than conventional material, but are difficult to tune by hand.
- the grip of the edges can also be improved by providing the edges with a microstructure according to the invention, which e.g. in the running direction, at an angle or perpendicular to the running direction and thus achieves the desired effect (reduction of frictional resistance while driving or greater grip when edging, e.g. when braking).
- the shape and the material of the structuring serve to make the surface of the sliding element according to the invention a larger one
- microstructuring features according to the invention are applied to other materials which replace all or part of the previous materials for the surfaces of sliding elements in order to achieve the desired elasticity.
- Elasticity can be achieved by choosing the material so that the elevations (ribs) are rigid and relatively angular in order to prevent cross currents as much as possible.
- the material of the elevations can also be very flexible (for example, scale-shaped from rigid materials), the material below the elevations can alternatively be chosen to be elastic.
- the second exemplary embodiment represents, for example, surfaces of objects such as structures, structures and comparable bodies, which can both be exposed primarily to fluid frictional forces from different flow directions and materials, and can also have surfaces which are intended to perform self-cleaning functions.
- An advantageous embodiment of the subject matter of the invention provides, for example, to provide the surfaces of objects which may be exposed to fluid or generally movable media with surfaces according to the invention. These surfaces, as well as the objects surrounding them, have enormous advantages over other surfaces, for example in buildings or other bodies. A specific example can be done using a bridge over a river.
- An embodiment of the surface according to the invention can consist in the fact that this is a body which consists of different materials and is also exposed to different fluid media. Furthermore, soiling should be largely prevented, the total material expenditure kept low and the stability of the building optimized. All of these requirements can be met with the invention
- a friction-reducing surface can also be applied to all desired surfaces of components in the area of the bridge, which is above the water, combined with surface structures with self-cleaning properties, which can ensure in relevant areas that dirt, Icing, etc. very effective, and in particular can be cleaned by wind and water. The same applies of course to all areas that are under water.
- an improvement in properties can also be achieved under water, such as, for example, the reduction of moss and algae growth, and also general pollution.
- scaffolding which can be structured with the surfaces according to the invention, pollute much less, which should be of great interest in the construction industry, and on the other hand, its function is improved in such a way that less frictional forces occur (for example due to wind loads, downpours, storms), which leads to better stability.
- any deposits, in particular dirt, snow, ice, etc. are significantly reduced by the self-cleaning properties of the surfaces compared to the currently common surfaces in this area.
- These self-cleaning properties have a wide variety of advantages, which can have not only savings in cleaning costs and aesthetic features, but also, for example, safety-related aspects.
- Corresponding surfaces can dry faster with the aid of appropriate forms of the surface according to the invention, freeze less and also accumulate less dirt, which could lead, among other things, to accidents, dangers and malfunctions.
- the structuring can vary depending on the fluid, and on a surface (ship's hull) can also be of interest, different Applying alignments of the structures, since not only the direction of movement itself, but also the flow direction created by the shape of the moving body should be taken into account at individual points on the body and corresponding different types of structuring combined accordingly and thus being advantageous.
- the self-cleaning properties of the surfaces according to the invention are relevant in all areas anyway. However, many surfaces should also be provided with self-cleaning structures so that adhering particles can be removed quickly and as completely as possible, especially for safety-related, user-friendly, easier work, etc. functions.
- Friction-reducing abilities are obviously sensible and important, especially for relatively quickly moving or moving or also flowed around surfaces and objects, for example to save energy, but also to increase performance, and if necessary also for visual and decorative purposes.
- the surface according to the invention can also be applied to all structures and supplementary bodies on the objects described, for example on sails, masts, bicycles etc. This also applies above all to purposes and applications which are concerned with maximum performance, for example with the optimized use of devices and objects that are used in competitions.
- the surfaces of each element of the bicycle are improved with variations of the surface structures according to the invention. So every surface of every part of the bike, which is exposed to air friction resistance, with the appropriate structures, if necessary also in different combinations, as well as in combination with self-cleaning surfaces, in order to prevent dirt and deposits, which, for example, could impair the general functioning as well as those of the friction-reducing structures.
- An important element of this kind can e.g. to be the saddle.
- the saddle can neither be contaminated, nor by a suitable combination with friction-reducing surface features, e.g. on the surfaces that are not occupied by the driver (underside, edges, etc.), "unnecessary air turbulence is generated.
- Structures ensure that the remaining, mostly self-cleaning surfaces of the saddle can also be equipped with additional capabilities.
- a suitable combination of surfaces can also achieve a friction-reducing effect on the upper side, which is particularly important when the vehicle is stationary. But these surfaces have many other advantages, such as better evaporation of sweat, which can then evaporate very easily due to the corresponding structures, or can drain away in a targeted manner.
- Comparable applications apply to the handlebar area etc., as well as for all surfaces of objects and other substrates on or on the described objects.
- a further area of application of the surfaces according to the invention is also surfaces in areas in which hygienic improvements are to be sought in addition to new and improved application possibilities, e.g. in health care.
- This is particularly important for all surfaces that can be soiled, but in particular can also be contaminated, since corresponding surface structures according to the invention even prevent or at least complicate the adhesion of germs and other pathogens and, above all, facilitate and accelerate cleaning.
- other problems can be solved by the surfaces according to the invention, so the problem of friction with substances should not be underestimated.
- friction-reducing properties are advantageous, in particular also when these properties can be coupled with direction-influencing properties with respect to the media flowing around.
- a corresponding application example is shown below using a catheter.
- a catheter is a tubular element that is inserted into a body, for example, and is often also used in the medical field to transport any, mainly fluid, media.
- the following surface combinations according to the invention can be used here, for example, in order to achieve the advantages described below.
- a relatively viscous product should be transported inside the cannula, while the exterior of the cannula mainly comes into contact with the body's own materials and liquids.
- Both the inside of the object and the outside can be provided with the surface according to the invention.
- soiling as well as contamination by foreign bodies and in particular by pathogenic germs should be prevented or at least minimized, which is why it is important to supplement or combine the friction-reducing surfaces with self-cleaning surfaces.
- the objects can transport materials more easily, are easier to empty and less dirty. Furthermore, these objects can be more easily integrated into one
- Insert the body and remove it again, as material adhering to the outside can also be prevented or reduced.
- the hygienic properties can also be improved. Longer stay in a body will also cause fewer problems, for example in the special case of a bypass catheter that is to continuously transport fluid media (blood), provided that there are no problems with fluctuating flow rates, new deposits on the Interior walls, pathogenic germs, rejection reactions, etc. should occur.
- Another application example is a surgical one
- Device for example for minimally invasive use, such as can be used for liposuction, for example.
- the use of the surface according to the invention will lead to improved properties.
- a friction-reducing surface brings advantages.
- the materials to be extracted can be extracted faster, more easily and more effectively.
- the outer surface of the device on the other hand, can be moved back and forth along the tissue effortlessly and, above all, more gently for the patient, inside the body.
- the hygienic aspect of self-cleaning surfaces also plays a very important role in this area.
- the surfaces according to the invention can also relate to other, likewise medically used surfaces of objects that are not obviously classified in this category.
- This special application example concerns all surfaces of objects that can be absorbed by a body (living being).
- a striking exemplary embodiment of this may well be, for example, all objects to be taken orally, in particular medication, in the form of capsules, tablets, pills, etc.
- the surface according to the invention also opens up new possibilities here.
- all forms of training of capsules, tablets, pills, suppositories, 'etc. can be formed in the inventive surface combinations, depending on the application, different combinations may be required to achieve optimal results.
- they In order to be able to swallow capsules etc. more easily, they mostly have a cylindrical shape with, for example, hemispherical ends on both sides.
- the capsule can also be constructed so that only individual parts, e.g. the two hemispherical
- the rest of the cylindrical body can be equipped with rib structures, for example, to facilitate sliding in the esophagus. All of these applications and the resulting advantages can of course be applied and used on all surfaces.
- the use of the surfaces according to the invention in any form can also be transferred to all other objects which are moved in a medium, are moved in a moving medium or are also surrounded by a medium. Furthermore, all surfaces according to the invention which are moved on a moving or non-moving medium. Furthermore, the surfaces according to the invention can of course also take on additional tasks, for example they can be designed to produce certain other effects and of course also consist of all materials and can be combined with all other surfaces.
- the surfaces according to the invention can also consist of structures which dissolve in whole or in part and which can take on certain tasks, such as facilitate gliding through gel, mucus or foam formation, but also take over medical / pharmaceutical tasks through released active ingredients.
- Example 5 All types of containers and tubes which can come into contact with movable and also partly other media can also be structured in appropriate combinations with the surfaces according to the invention.
- An expedient embodiment of the subject matter of the invention can, based on containers, have the following training features.
- the self-cleaning floor area can prevent dirt from sticking to larger objects, the container can be completely emptied and is light. especially with water to clean, especially contaminating substances such as fungi, pathogens and other hazardous substances are prevented from sticking to the bottom of the object for a long time and then multiplying there.
- the conversion area with the predominantly friction-reducing surface has the task of being able to empty the contained material quickly and completely, with the support of the self-cleaning floor surface.
- the upper opening area should not be too dirty and can therefore be self-cleaning Surface features should be provided so that nothing gets stuck after emptying or can be removed very easily.
- the outer area of the object should not get dirty either, since rubbish bins are often outdoors for a very long time and are exposed to many different materials such as dirt, snow, ice, etc.
- it is advantageous if it additionally has a friction-reducing surface, which has the advantage, among other things, that the container is less susceptible to being knocked over by wind or gusts of wind.
- the surfaces according to the invention can be optimized so that, for example, when emptying an object, the speed of emptying can be accelerated or turbulence within the material to be distributed can be reduced.
- artificial mechanisms such as pumps etc. can also be used, of course occurring forces, such as gravity, pressures, etc., or the Coriolis force.
- the Coriolis effect can be used by the surface according to the invention in such a way that emptying can either be accelerated or, if desired, can also serve this purpose , e.g. cause increased frictional forces of the goods to be emptied with the wall of the vessel.
- the friction-reducing surface structures can be applied in the interior of the container in such a way that, since they also influence the direction, they can serve to set the material to be emptied into a rotational movement which can accelerate the Coriolis force occurring there ⁇ so that this can complement each other. This leads to a faster rotational movement of the medium to be emptied, which can be used for a much faster emptying of the entire medium.
- the friction-reducing surface for example in the form of groove and rib structures, can be used here in such a way that, for example, a helical, spiral arrangement of the structures can influence the direction of movement of the goods to be emptied, either in such a way that acceleration takes place, or in such a way that the flow and rotation speed can be slowed down and the friction increased, so that, for example, any additional particles adhering to the vessel wall can be removed again and again by increased friction, or the turbulence generated can be used (e.g. gas admixture).
- the pouring area of the object can be provided with self-cleaning surfaces so that it can always be kept free of contamination.
- a nozzle is a flow channel that has a changing diameter. Since this is a flow channel, there is always a friction-reducing surface in order to obtain optimized flow values.
- the adhesion of disruptive particles or liquids should be prevented as far as possible. This is achieved through the use of surface structures according to the invention. Only through the targeted combination of the surface structures according to the invention can the properties of the entire product (nozzle) be optimized.
- nozzles can be structured in the microstructuring according to the invention in order to obtain ideal surface structures.
- a special embodiment can be presented in the form of an aerosol nebulizer for the administration of fluid media (eg suspensions).
- the inlet area of the nozzle and the outlet area of the pressure vessel can be provided with friction-reducing surfaces, as can the entire interior for atomizing the aerosol in order to obtain flows that are as friction-free as possible.
- the direct exit area of the nozzle and also the edge area of the interior, at which materials can settle can be provided with the surface according to the invention in such a way that no adhesive dirt or deposits occur, or these can be easily removed. It is also very important to provide the outside, which gets into the mouth in use, with self-cleaning surface structures according to the invention, so that germs, pathogens and other deposited materials can be easily removed and thus improved hygiene properties are achieved.
- the surface can consist, for example, in the area of objects susceptible to contamination, e.g. in the form of
- Apparatus and devices, the surfaces according to the invention are used in the following embodiment on the following apparatus:
- This example is a razor, in particular a wet razor, the use of which is usually heavily contaminated and a slightly sliding surface is desired.
- the surfaces can now be designed, for example, as follows: at least a part of the surface of the shaving head serves to keep the blade or blades at a mostly defined distance, if possible to let it slide smoothly over the skin. For these surfaces, there is a surface that generates relatively little sliding friction resistance with the surface, so that sliding that is as frictionless as possible can be achieved. Furthermore, the most polluting are above all
- Gaps between multiple blades and all other surfaces of the shaving apparatus that tend to become soiled are suitable for being pronounced in self-cleaning surface designs.
- the structures can have properties that are antiseptic, React hemostasis etc., but they can also be designed so that conscious material removal, for example to indicate conditions (object is no longer fully functional), or to generate additional functions (dissolving surveys produce, for example, lubricating film, foam, etc. or also antiseptic components), as well as for the release and functionalization of functional surfaces or structures that may be present under the surveys.
- Other application examples are other devices and objects, such as dry shavers, toothbrushes, massage devices, etc.
- Example 8 The surface according to the invention also offers many advantages in the jewelry sector.
- the surface can be combined in such a way that, for example, in a wristwatch, all surfaces that can come into contact with the wearer's skin can be equipped with friction-reducing surfaces, and all others, in particular the visible surfaces that face outwards, can be equipped with self-cleaning surfaces.
- the rib / groove surfaces on the underside of the wristwatch can both ensure that the contact surface on the skin is relatively small, which can result, among other things, in that the wearer sweats less, and any sweat that may evaporate faster can and therefore the materials of the watch are less vulnerable to attack (acids, salts, fats, etc. of the skin), as well as that the materials themselves can retain their original appearance for a longer time.
- the self-cleaning surface can also help the piece of jewelry to retain its original appearance longer, is easier to maintain and less dirty.
- this example of the combination of the surface according to the invention can also be varied as desired.
- a second area of application is body jewelry, which is attached through the surface of the body. This includes all types of piercings.
- the application of the surfaces according to the invention is appropriate here, in particular for hygienic and also out of the application advantages mentioned in the example above.
- Example 9 The surfaces according to the invention are also advantageous for all surfaces of objects which can be contaminated, in particular if these objects are also exposed to different conditions, for example outdoors.
- the surface according to the invention is of decisive advantage.
- both the stability of the objects can be increased and a supportive effect on the self-cleaning surface can be achieved.
- Due to the direction-influencing effect of the friction-reducing surface the self-cleaning effect can be supported for all bodies, since when using this structure the self-cleaning fluid supports be directed in certain directions, and a particularly good cleaning effect can be achieved.
- the friction-reducing surfaces also provide additional protection
- the structures according to the invention can be applied to all types of surfaces.
- Some application examples are surfaces that belong to people's living, working and leisure environments (e.g. furniture, kitchens, bathrooms, etc.).
- combinations with corresponding directional structures can have both friction-influencing and direction-influencing surfaces, which e.g. Direct liquids to the self-cleaning surface.
- the use of the non-directional structure which is very sensitive to mechanical influences, can only be made possible by the presence of a second, larger and mechanically more stable structure, which, when used appropriately, protects the finer surface, for example, by completely or partially removing the finer structure the larger one is embedded or surmounted by it in other forms of application. See FIGS. 5a and 5b, the non-directional structure being embedded in the directional one, and also FIGS. 3c, 3f, 3h and 3j, where here directional structures are also directed
- the surfaces according to the invention are also suitable for the use of shoes, since e.g. in soccer shoes, a surface combination in the manner according to the invention can keep both the contamination, and thereby also the weight during wear, as low as possible and, moreover, the friction-reducing surface has the advantage that the foot can be moved with much less air friction, for example allows higher shooting speeds when shooting the ball.
- Example 12 For all molding processes / embossing processes, etc.
- the surface according to the invention can be designed in all variants on the mold templates (molding tools), which leads to products shaped according to the invention which can have all the advantages of the surface according to the invention.
- the surface according to the invention can also facilitate the demolding and ejection of the finished products after the molding process, since the adhesive forces are reduced.
- the surfaces according to the invention are also advantageous in the case of transport devices with the aid of which or in which media are transported.
- Through friction-reducing structures i.a. faster flow velocity is reached or less pressure is required to move a fluid medium through an object.
- foaming fluids e.g. beer
- laminar / turbulent the flow type
- the use of the direction-influencing surface can ensure that contaminating or contaminating objects get into a certain one Direction away from the object to be protected.
- This can, for example, be such that a surface with self-cleaning and friction-reducing properties has such structures that contaminating material can be derived when trying to clean it, e.g. with water, but also with the help of natural processes (gravity, wind, rain, etc.) ,
- Tarpaulins, foils and fabrics are also important applications.
- a surface structure according to the invention has at least one further very important advantage. This rough surface formation according to the invention, in particular with elevations, has, in addition to its other advantages, the fact that the adhesive properties of smooth surfaces are very greatly reduced.
- Example 14b A possible further application is represented by all types of surfaces on which fluid media are guided, for example shower curtains.
- the use of the surface structures according to the invention can achieve advantages, both in terms of contamination (mold, lime, etc.) and in general in use.
- microstructures hydrophobic
- a surface configuration structured according to the invention which has coarser structures than those designed purely for self-cleaning.
- shape and arrangement of the directional structures according to the invention can be designed in such a way that the applied water is deliberately and purposefully directed in such a way that all surfaces can be optimally supplied with water.
- the tendency to approach and adhere is significantly reduced by the rapid beading of the water and the air enclosed between the elevations to minimize adhesion, as well as by the small surface of the shower curtain that can actually be touched by the skin, and also by the lack of adhesion-promoting effect a water film, as well as the hydrophilic surface.
- approaching or sticking can be further reduced by preventing direct contact between two curtain / curtain or curtain / tub surfaces, particularly in the lower region, and thus preventing contamination and contamination, and avoiding damp zones.
- Another form of this invention can for
- Convertible roofs can be used.
- the applications according to the invention represent ideal improvements in order to optimize the properties of the surface.
- the structures can be used here to reduce the frictional resistance with fluid media.
- the special arrangement, shape and dimensioning of the elements can further increase the stability of the surface and improve the aerodynamics.
- the tendency of the component to become dirty can also be significantly reduced by appropriate arrangement, dimensioning and choice of material.
- This special application variant is particularly suitable for convertible roofs because here no polishable surface is as necessary as on the painted areas of the vehicle.
- the surface structure according to the invention can be shaped and applied in such a way that it can also specifically influence flows and generate resistance, for example in order to direct air flows in such a way that the suction from the accelerated air flow onto the
- Top of the roof is reduced at higher speeds, and the inflation of the roof can thereby be reduced.
- Other surface types can also be added to optimize this effect.
- Accelerated bodies (spears, boomerang, arrows, projectiles, balls, etc.) or other objects in fluid media or moving objects are also nothing other than objects with surfaces, but here the mostly very fast movement, especially through fluid media , plays a considerable role in the application, and it is also advantageous to avoid or minimize contamination of the object, this product group also lends itself to being provided with the surfaces according to the invention.
- the use of the friction-reducing structure according to the invention can have a very advantageous effect on the flight properties and accordingly on the accuracy of the hit.
- the friction-reducing structuring can be used both along the direction of movement and in any twisted form, likewise along the direction of movement, comparable to the coiled form in the launching device.
- Firing devices for the application of the accelerated body can be provided with the surface according to the invention, since here too both friction-reducing and self-cleaning, as well as all other advantages of these surfaces, can both facilitate use and increase performance. Due to the surfaces according to the invention on these objects, deviations due to wind, cross winds, thermal air movements, gusts, rain etc. are less problematic because the objects react less sensitively to them.
- Example 16 Structures to reduce drafts and also
- a form of training can be carried out such that, for example, glasses for use in sporting activities, for example when cycling, can be designed as follows: Any parts on the glasses, but for example the entire frame, which can be designed to be relatively wide in order to protect against draft, dust and wind, etc., can be designed such that the surface can be made from any materials with friction-reducing surfaces, for example in a rib / groove structure that can be predominantly formed in the direction of travel.
- any surface of the glasses can also be provided with self-cleaning surfaces, which in any case lead to a reduced tendency to become dirty, but in addition to this, these self-cleaning surfaces can also perform other important tasks. If these self-cleaning surfaces are designed, for example in the form of nub-like elevations, they can be combined both separately and also directly in connection, for example with the friction-reducing structures.
- a possible form of training can be that the knob-like surface structures can be provided with openings, which allow an exchange of air with the relatively still warm, humid air under the glasses and the air outside the glasses, especially without possibly having problems with dirt, direct wind , other irritating substances or materials etc. occur because the friction-reducing surface creates a kind of calm air cushion between the elevations and thus no problems with drafts etc. can arise, but very well for gas and moisture exchange (prevention of fogging on the inner surface of the glasses ) can be taken care of.
- clothing and other equipment elements can be an interesting area of application for example, work or casual clothing can be used.
- a self-cleaning surface is of course an option, but a friction-reducing surface can also complement the self-cleaning surface, improve it and enormously expand the possible applications. For example, many applications in work and leisure are also dependent on being influenced as little as possible by the flowing media.
- the application of the surfaces according to the invention can be applied to all items of clothing, textiles and equipment, e.g. also to reduce friction on the inside of the clothing, especially with the surface of the body, to prevent skin irritation, and also with these surface characteristics, the air and moisture transport between clothing and skin be improved, but also for aesthetic and design purposes.
- Example 18 Another application is in the area of filters, for example filter bags.
- filter bags can be used here, in combination with the filter holder required for their use.
- the surface according to the invention lends itself here for several reasons, since the usual filtering process can be optimized in several areas by a corresponding application of the surface according to the invention in the corresponding embodiment.
- Filter bags usually consist of water-permeable, pore-covered, fibrous material. During the brewing process, the ground coffee particles are washed up with water, whereby the water-soluble, flavor-containing substances are to be washed out (end product coffee).
- the disadvantages of these filter bags are, among other things, that parts of the brewed coffee grounds settle on the walls of the filter and get caught there. As a result, both suspended material (coffee powder dry), sometimes completely unwashed, gets stuck on the upper edge areas, as well as coffee powder, which has been partially washed out, also on the upper one
- a possible embodiment of a coffee filter bag in this regard can be constructed as follows:
- the inside of the filter paper can be equipped with a combination of the designs of the surface according to the invention, in order to prevent coffee grounds from sticking reduce or prevent, as well as to ensure the smoothest possible, continuous transport of the coffee in the drain direction.
- the finished coffee is also directed with the help of the surface according to the invention in a friction-reducing and targeted manner towards the outflow possibility, and in connection with a surface of the filter bag holder likewise designed according to the invention, the outflow of the end product can be influenced in a targeted manner. Structuring according to the invention in the area of the outside of the filter and the inside of the filter holder element can also achieve that the trapped air can prevent the filter from adhering to the filter holder element.
- the air flow inter alia with particles (saliva), moisture and germs, creates in certain Areas of the object vibrate and is emitted through an opening.
- an advantageous shape of the surface according to the invention e.g. an accelerating or reducing effect on the type of training causing air flow, can influence the mode of operation of the instrument.
- self-cleaning surfaces especially in the area of the mouthpiece, as well as those areas that are mixed with the breathing air to collect and empty the above-mentioned
- a further embodiment of the application of the surface according to the invention can be represented by objects whose surfaces are also intended, inter alia, to influence the direction, control and transport of existing and emerging, in particular fluid, media.
- a corresponding application example is offered by the surfaces of solariums, which are already suitable for self-cleaning properties. With these self-cleaning properties, a great number of advantages can be achieved compared to the devices currently customary, but significant improvements can only be achieved by combining them in the manner according to the invention with additional surface features. This can look like this: In a special embodiment of the use of the surface according to the invention, in addition to other surfaces of the object, in particular the contact surface can be designed in a corresponding manner.
- the mainly transparent edition can be used as
- Form of application of the surface according to the invention can be configured as follows:
- a great number of advantages can be achieved by an advantageous combination of the surface features according to the invention.
- fluid media weat
- the entire surface which is contaminated by particles, germs and other media, can also be cleaned quickly and easily.
- the removal of the undesired materials can be accelerated or influenced, for example, by targeted promotion or influencing of the flow properties.
- self-cleaning-promoting applications, mechanisms, etc. can be combined in any combination with the application of the surface according to the invention.
- the surface structures according to the invention can also be used, for example in the case of transparent surfaces with transparent elevations, to specifically direct electromagnetic waves (for example electromagnetic radiation in the form of light) so that desired effect effects (for example uniform browning by uniform scattering of the corresponding UV light) are achieved can be.
- electromagnetic waves for example electromagnetic radiation in the form of light
- desired effect effects for example uniform browning by uniform scattering of the corresponding UV light
- Flows or for converting flows into other forms of movement or energy such as, for example, propellers, rotors, fans, wind and water blades, screws, screws and blades etc. are also suitable for being improved by the surface designs according to the invention.
- the surfaces according to the invention both the friction of the moving device with the surrounding media can be reduced, which leads to lower energy consumption or higher energy gain; Furthermore, the surface of the
- Striking elements that are to be moved or accelerated by one or more media such as striking elements and clubs, in particular striking sticks and batons for moving and / or accelerating bodies such as balls, balls, pucks etc.
- a golf club can be regarded as a specific example, which can be improved with the surfaces according to the invention in that any surfaces, such as the handle, handle, head, etc., have improved properties due to reduced friction with the surrounding media. For example, this can mean faster blow movements due to reduced air friction, as well as increased impact power, lower energy consumption during the blow itself, as well as less wind sensitivity and thus more precise hits.
- the surfaces according to the invention also ensure less soiling and easier cleaning.
- a secure grip can also be guaranteed, and a moisture-wicking effect can also be achieved in damp or wet conditions (rain, humidity, water hazard, sweat, etc.).
- the club head at the point where the ball is to be hit can also be improved with the surface characteristics according to the invention.
- Example 23 All types of moving and / or moving materials flow around transport elements and containers, such as ski carriers, ski boxes, bike carriers, load carriers, etc.
- transport containers such as ski boxes
- both the box itself and the associated carrier can be improved in a variety of ways.
- the directional, friction-reducing surface structured to match the surrounding medium (air), for example, if the entire surface (top and bottom) of the box is structured in this way, fuel consumption can be reduced due to an improved drag coefficient.
- a comparable structure for example only on the underside, by accelerating the air under the box, higher downforce can be generated in order to achieve better driving stability.
- the upper side in the direction of travel, the lower side, in whole or in part, transversely to Direction of travel must be structured to achieve better crosswind properties.
- an undirected structure on the device ensures better self-cleaning or less tendency to become dirty.
- this structure works in the same medium (air) as the directional structures, but its main task is only guaranteed with a second medium (liquid).
- this surface according to the invention is particularly noticeable when suitable
- Materials used to manufacture the structures are characterized by lower wind noise and better driving behavior of the vehicle with the device.
- Balls for example golf, badminton, volleyball, handball etc.
- the invention describes surfaces with structures that can be applied permanently or in a removable form.
- All surfaces as well as all structures can consist of suitable materials as well as combinations of materials in order to adapt and do justice to the respective applications and the respective surrounding media.
- the shape of the elevations and depressions of the directional structures can have any shape, but in particular it is V-shaped, U-shaped, L-shaped and triangular. Furthermore, the surface characteristics according to the invention can be used with other, already existing or subsequently applied structures. All directional structures can consist of rigid, sharp-edged and non-sharp-edged, as well as movable or partially movable elements. The individual elements of the structures according to the invention can assume all sizes within the defined size specifications. They can vary in the height and width of the elevations or depressions.
- the longitudinal elevations can be designed in the form of scales, and these can be designed to be rigid, movable and also displaceable and elastic.
- the directional structures can be designed in wave form, or can be constructed (elastic) in such a way that they can execute wave-shaped or S-shaped movements.
- the elevations can also not be aligned parallel, approximating to one another, merging with one another, diverging again and falling and disappearing, and also constructed in a wave-like manner ascending or descending.
- Structures that are independent of direction, predominantly in the form of pimple-shaped elevations can also be produced from all suitable materials, and can be produced or applied using all suitable production methods. Furthermore, they can be designed in a wide variety of designs and combined with any structure.
- Both structures can be juxtaposed in an unmistakable manner on both the same surface
- Combination arrangement can be applied, as well as on the same surface in the form of a combination of both structures, it being possible for example for the elevations of the longitudinal, larger structure to be completely or partially covered with smaller elements of the direction-independent structural shape. Likewise, a comparable combination of direction-independent structures between the directed elevations or on the sides of the elevations.
- the surfaces according to the invention can also be applied to the respective substrate in the form of foils, fabrics, coatings and lacquers.
- All surfaces can be structured with the most suitable structural shape, size, in any combination. All surfaces described with combinations of individual or multiple structures can be supplemented, replaced or combined with other materials, structures or elements that have comparable properties.
- Boundary layer influencing, for example friction reducing, as well as self-cleaning properties, effects, structures, etc. can be achieved or made possible with any other surface structures, materials, applications, processes, methods, etc. that produce comparable properties. Examples of these are phobing substances and materials, but also, for example, extremely hydrophilic coatings (no-drop coatings) suitable for the respective fluid media, as well as coatings of the surfaces with any boundary layer-influencing or self-cleaning or self-cleaning materials, structures, etc.
- a boundary layer-influencing, friction-reducing effect can also be achieved, as well as by applying adhesive or partially adhering materials (oils, mucilaginous substances, etc.), which can influence the boundary layer due to their properties.
- the rib-shaped elevations are marked with h, the
- FIGS. 2a-2f show plan views, not to scale, of possible embodiments of a further element of the surface according to the invention in the form of predominantly non-directional, knob-shaped self-cleaning surface characteristics.
- FIGS. 2a-2d show relatively regular surfaces with different dimensions of the elevations, with uniform but non-directional distributions being present here.
- FIG. 2e shows a top view of an embodiment of a surface variant according to the invention, which consists of at least two different undirected types of elevations, this is only one exemplary embodiment, which may be entrusted with the same (self-cleaning) tasks from two different materials, the same materials, or can take on different tasks.
- FIG. 2f also shows a top view of an embodiment of a surface variant according to the invention, which consists of at least two different undirected types of elevations, this being only one exemplary embodiment, which may be entrusted with the same (self-cleaning) tasks from two different materials, same materials, or can take on different tasks. In this case, however, the smaller elevations are not applied everywhere, but only between the larger elevations.
- FIGS. 2g-2m likewise show variants of non-directional, predominantly self-cleaning surfaces, but in cross-sectional drawings, which represent only a few different forms of this surface variant consisting of elevations and depressions.
- FIG. 2g shows a surface variant which is not to scale and which consists of knob-like elevations of the same size with equal spacing of the elevations from one another.
- FIG. 2h shows a surface variant, which is also not to scale, and which consists of two knob-like elevations of different heights with similar distances but differently arranged elevations.
- FIGS. 2i-21 show further surface variants, which are also not to scale, and which consist of at least two knob-like elevations of different heights with similar or different distances and also differently shaped and differently arranged surveys.
- FIG. 2m now shows a surface variant, which is also not to scale, and which, comparable to the plan view in FIG. 2e, consists of at least two different nub-like elevations with similar or different distances, and also differently shaped and differently arranged elevations, small elevations also here, at least partially on larger elevations can sit.
- FIGS. 3a-3n all show cross-sectional drawings of possible forms of predominantly directed surface-influencing surface structures in different forms, all materials and forms in all combinations being able to be used. They show different, not true-to-scale shapes, of predominantly longitudinal rib / groove microstructures.
- FIG. 3a shows trapezoidal structures which consist of triangular elevations which lead to depressions in a trapezoidal shape due to certain distances between the elevations.
- FIG. 3b shows comparable triangular structures of the elevations, but lying so close together that the depressions between them only have triangular structures.
- Figure 3c also shows triangular surveys, but in different sizes and arrangements, and at different locations on the surface.
- the smaller structures can be both microstructures on the top of depressions of other coarser rib microstructures and also rib structures on the top of depressions, which form coarser structures on the surface of an element.
- Figure 3d shows comparable longitudinal microstructures as shown in Figures 3a and 3b, but in the form of finer, steeper triangular structures.
- Figures 3e - 3h also show longitudinal
- Triangular micro structures in different forms, such that structures of the same type (triangle) are shown, but both different angles of inclination of the individual smallest ribs, as well as different distances between the ribs, as well as combinations of structures with the same angle of inclination and the same basic shapes of the ribs, but different heights and distances between the individual structures.
- FIGS. 3i and 3j show comparable longitudinal microstructures, which however consist of rectangular structures as the smallest elevations.
- Figures 3k - 3m also show longitudinal microstructures, the smallest elevations of which are shown here in the form of round-walled elements.
- FIG. 3n shows another form of longitudinal microstructures, the smallest elevations of which have the shape of very slender ribs, for example.
- FIGS. 4a-4e show a perspective top view of a surface structured, for example, with triangular ribs.
- Figure 4a shows in principle the comparable surface as Figure 3a.
- FIG. 4b shows a surface similar to FIG. 4a, but with the difference that here the rib structures are not applied continuously, but with gaps, but nevertheless in a line (alignment) one after the other.
- FIG. 4c shows a surface similar to that of FIG. 4b, with different zones on the surface in the form of elevations of different lengths.
- Figure 4d shows a surface similar to 4c, but here is another zone with finer structuring, also in the longitudinal direction and also in alignment with the other elevations, but e.g. with twice the number of surveys (same heights but different angles of inclination or different heights but same / or different angles of inclination) per unit area.
- FIG. 4e shows a surface similar to that of FIG. 4d, but here, for example, there is a series of elevations on the surface
- Rib heights and groove valleys can follow one another at
- FIG. 5a shows a section of a perspective top view of a longitudinal rib structure which is provided with a variant of the self-cleaning, dirt-repellent knob structure both in the area of the elevations and in the groove valleys.
- FIG. 5b shows a sectional view through a longitudinal rib structure which is provided with a variant of the self-cleaning, dirt-repellent knob structure both in the area of the elevations and in the groove valleys.
- the knobs consist of elevations of different sizes and shapes, in contrast to FIG. 5a.
- FIG. 6a shows the top view of a surface with two different combinations of longitudinal structures according to the invention.
- two rib structures of different rib spacings are shown, as well as a smooth surface in the edge area.
- FIG. 6b also shows the top view of a surface, this surface being equipped with three different structural combinations according to the invention. It represents a surface that is moved in the direction of the arrow.
- the right side represents a longitudinal, in
- a likewise directed structure (2) of ribs and grooves which, however, runs diagonally to the structure mentioned above.
- the third structure (3) according to the invention is in the form of longitudinal ribs and groove structures which are provided with smaller, self-cleaning undirected elevations. Comparable to the examples in FIGS. 5a and 5b.
- FIG. 7 shows another in a top view
- FIG. 8a shows a cross section of an example of the currently customary structuring of sliding soles of sliding elements. There are about three groove-like depressions within a width of 1 mm in the direction of movement.
- FIG. 8b shows a cross section with structuring according to the invention on the surfaces of a ski 1. - outsole with microstructuring 2. - steel edge with microstructuring
- FIG. 9 also shows a cross section, with (1) the outsole, (2) the steel edge, (4) the relatively coarse longitudinal structures currently customary and (3) a form of the likewise longitudinal microstructuring provided with triangular elevations and trapezoidal depressions represents.
- Figure 10a shows the top view of the surface of a sliding element, using the example of a ski sole with the two steel edges.
- Figure 10b also shows micro-longitudinal structuring in the central ski sole area (4), on the outer areas of the ski sole (3) and on the inner areas of the ski edge also micro-structuring (2), but in addition to the one running obliquely in the direction of travel, so that excess water can be derived under the ground outside of the ski edge (1).
- FIG. 11 shows a sectional drawing through the ski base section shown in FIG. 10b. In this example, both the ski edge and part of the ski sole are shown.
- (1) shows the outermost, ground part of the steel edge, which has no structuring here.
- (2) the part of the steel edge lying further inward is shown, which here has a combination of two structures, a structure (6) running in the direction of travel and a second (5) which runs diagonally outwards and backwards in the direction of travel.
- the outer area (3) of the skiing surface has a comparable structure. Whereas the central area, in the middle of the sole of the ski, only has a structure (6) running in the direction of travel. This type of structuring allows the excess water content of the water film under the ski to be easily drained outwards under the steel edge.
- Figures 12a-12c show a ski sole in a top view.
- FIG. 12a shows a longitudinal microstructure in the form of a groove / rib profile, which has the same structure on the entire outsole.
- FIG. 12c The basic structure of FIG. 12c is the same as FIG. 12b, with the difference that here the longitudinal, central region of the microstructuring has a somewhat different external shape.
- FIG. 13a again shows a cross section through a sliding element, a ski edge and the outsole with its longitudinal microstructuring being shown here.
- the elevations (ribs) of the microstructured surface of the ski sole form a plane with the ski steel edges.
- FIG. 13b shows a further possibility in which the elevations of the structured area are not flush with the Edges, but, for example, raised by the elevation height, can be applied outstandingly over the remaining surfaces, and can protrude by parts of these heights.
- part of the steel edges are also provided with longitudinal microstructures (cf. FIG. 10a with unstructured edges, FIG. 11 with structures, but approximately flush).
- the folded structure of the surface increases the stability and torsional rigidity of the ski sole (see trapezoidal sheet, corrugated cardboard).
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US10/481,684 US20050003146A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-21 | Body with improved surface properties |
JP2003506703A JP2005537034A (ja) | 2001-06-23 | 2002-06-21 | 表面特性を改善した本体 |
EP02754241A EP1404508A1 (de) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-21 | Körper mit verbesserten oberflächen-eigenschaften |
DE10292713T DE10292713D2 (de) | 2001-06-23 | 2002-06-21 | Körper mit verbesserten Oberflächen-Eigenschaften |
CA002456251A CA2456251A1 (en) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-21 | Body with improved surface properties |
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DE10130392.0 | 2001-06-21 | ||
DE10130392A DE10130392C2 (de) | 2001-06-23 | 2001-06-23 | Gleitelemente, beispielsweise Schneegleitelemente, mit verbesserten Eigenschaften |
DE10144259A DE10144259A1 (de) | 2001-09-08 | 2001-09-08 | Oberfläche mit verbesserten Eigenschaften |
DE10144259.9 | 2001-09-08 |
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PCT/DE2002/002269 WO2003000483A1 (de) | 2001-06-21 | 2002-06-21 | Körper mit verbesserten oberflächen-eigenschaften |
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US (1) | US20050003146A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1404508A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2005537034A (de) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE10292713D2 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
US20050003146A1 (en) | 2005-01-06 |
JP2005537034A (ja) | 2005-12-08 |
CA2456251A1 (en) | 2003-01-03 |
EP1404508A1 (de) | 2004-04-07 |
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