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WO2002078986A1 - Attelage de remorque - Google Patents

Attelage de remorque Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2002078986A1
WO2002078986A1 PCT/EP2002/003472 EP0203472W WO02078986A1 WO 2002078986 A1 WO2002078986 A1 WO 2002078986A1 EP 0203472 W EP0203472 W EP 0203472W WO 02078986 A1 WO02078986 A1 WO 02078986A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coupling
lever
spring means
release
trailer
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2002/003472
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Udo Szczepanek
Original Assignee
Rockinger Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rockinger Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co filed Critical Rockinger Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co
Publication of WO2002078986A1 publication Critical patent/WO2002078986A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60DVEHICLE CONNECTIONS
    • B60D1/00Traction couplings; Hitches; Draw-gear; Towing devices
    • B60D1/01Traction couplings or hitches characterised by their type
    • B60D1/02Bolt or shackle-type couplings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a trailer coupling, comprising a coupling body, a coupling bolt, which is displaceably guided in the coupling body between an engaged position, optionally with passage through a towing eye and a disengaged position allowing the towing eye to be extended and retracted from or into the coupling body is, a throwing device with a throwing element that is biased by first spring means in the direction of a securing position in which it secures the coupling bolt in its engaged position, and with an actuating unit by means of which the throwing element against the action of the first spring means in a Holding position is transferable, in which it holds the coupling pin in the disengaged position, a release device with a release unit which is biased by second spring means in the direction of a coupling standby position corresponding to the extended towing eye and at When the towing eye is retracted from it, contrary to the action of the second spring means, it can be transferred into a coupling position corresponding to the retracted towing eye and secured by the coupling pin,
  • Such trailer couplings are known for example from EP 0 146 1 16 A1 and EP 0 149 453 A1.
  • a release lever of the release device interacts with the actuating shaft on which the release lever of the release device is arranged in such a way that when the pulling eye is moved into the coupling body from the release lever to the release lever, a release torque in the sense of canceling the holding function between the Raising lever and the coupling pin is transmitted.
  • the in the upper part of the trailer Coupling housed actuation mechanism can therefore not be encapsulated to the desired extent, that is, protected from external influences, because in addition to the anyway required openings for the coupling bolt and the actuating shaft, an opening for the passage of the release lever must be provided.
  • a trailer hitch of the type mentioned at the outset in which the release unit comprises a base unit and a release element arranged on this base unit, which, during the movement caused by the second spring means in the direction of the clutch ready position, dodges the clutch pin, during the retraction the towing eye caused movement in the direction of the coupling position, however, transmits the release torque to the coupling bolt.
  • the release unit acts directly on the coupling bolt and lifts it so far when the towing eye is retracted that it is removed from the throwing element due to its pivoting under the action of the first spring means is released and can fall into its indented position due to gravity.
  • the release unit does not have to intervene in the area of the actuation mechanism, but can only be arranged in a height range provided for the introduction of the drawbar eye. It is therefore possible to dispense with an opening provided for the release unit in the coupling body area encapsulating the actuating mechanism, which at least reduces, if not completely excludes, the risk of dirt or other contaminants entering this area.
  • the horizontal direction is understood to mean a main insertion direction for the towing eye that is essentially orthogonal to this height direction. It is clear, of course, that the towing eye can in principle also be inserted into the coupling body in directions that are oblique to this main insertion direction.
  • the base unit of the triggering device it is possible to design the base unit of the triggering device to be linearly displaceable.
  • the base unit comprises a pivoting lever which is articulated on the coupling body so as to be pivotable about a pivoting axis.
  • the base unit include a first pivoting lever which is pivotably articulated on the coupling body about a first pivot axis, and a second pivot lever which is pivotally articulated on the first pivot lever about a second pivot axis, which is preferably arranged at a distance from the first pivot axis.
  • the first pivot lever mainly serves to ensure that the second pivot axis of the second pivot lever is displaced in the horizontal direction towards or away from the coupling bolt.
  • third spring means can be provided between the two pivot levers, which bias the second pivot lever relative to the first pivot lever in the direction of the clutch ready position of the release unit.
  • the first swivel lever can also be used in the ready-for-coupling position to secure a coupling mouth provided on the coupling body and serving to facilitate the insertion of the towing eye in a towing eye catch position, preferably by engaging in a recess provided on the coupling mouth.
  • the distance of the free end of the swivel lever from the pivot axis or the distance of the free end of the second pivot lever from the first pivot axis in each pivot state the base unit is smaller than the distance between the pivot axis or the first pivot axis and the point of the coupling bolt closest to this pivot axis in its disengaged position held by the throwing lever.
  • the release element can be a pawl element which is biased by fourth spring means into a release position projecting beyond the base unit in the direction of the clutch bolt, in which it is secured when the release unit is transferred into the clutch position.
  • the latch element on the base unit in a linearly displaceable manner in the manner of a snap lock of a door.
  • the release element is a swivel pawl, this swivel pawl being secured in the release position by the interaction of a stop surface provided on it with a counter stop surface of the base unit.
  • the base unit of the release device forms, due to the action of the second spring means, a play compensation device for a play of the towing eye in the horizontal direction for overrun operation, the running up of the trailer and thus a blow exerted on the coupling bolt by the towing eye.
  • the base unit of the release device of the trailer hitch according to the invention can also provide play compensation in the height direction or vertical direction, preferably by designing a contact surface of the base unit intended to engage the drawbar eye in such a way that the base unit exerts a downward force upon engagement with the drawbar eye.
  • towing eyes Since not all towing eyes have the same size, more precisely with the same lumen of the towing eye they have a different outside diameter and / or a different height, and in particular larger towing eyes ("larger” in the sense explained above) are used in Switzerland than, for example, in countries the European Union, especially Germany, but on the other hand it is desirable that tractors with trailers of any origin can be used, it is also advantageous if the contact surface is designed in such a way that the base unit has a downward force on drawbar eyes of different sizes exercises.
  • the first to fourth spring means mentioned above can be formed by any type of spring, as long as they can only exert the spring action assigned to them.
  • the first spring means and / or the second spring means or / and the third spring means or / and the fourth spring means can comprise a torsion spring.
  • these torsion springs can be arranged around the respective pivot axes.
  • the second spring means can comprise hydraulic and / or pneumatic spring means, which preferably also have a damping function.
  • they can include a gas spring with hydraulic damping.
  • the second spring means it is also possible for the second spring means to comprise a helical spring, preferably a helical compression spring.
  • the second spring means at one end on the trigger unit, preferably the pivot lever or the first Swing lever, and on the other hand to engage the coupling body, or that the second spring means act on one end on the release unit, preferably the swivel lever or the first swivel lever, and on the other hand on the raising lever.
  • the point of application of the second spring means on the release unit is selected in such a way that a large lever arm results in its clutch position, while a comparatively small lever arm results in its clutch ready position. This can ensure that when the drawbar eye is retracted, the second spring means provide effective play compensation both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction, while they do not or only to a small extent impede the insertion of the drawbar eye.
  • the second spring means can extend, for example, on the side of the drawbar eye facing away from the release unit, i.e. be arranged substantially horizontally and received in the coupling body.
  • the second spring means it is also possible to arrange the second spring means outside the coupling body, in which case they then cooperate on the trigger unit side with a lever arm which is arranged on a pivot shaft of the trigger unit forming the first pivot axis or axes.
  • the second spring means in the latter case attack the lifting lever at another end.
  • a free-wheeling mechanism can be provided between the raising lever and the part connected to it and, if desired, stop means for the part connected to the raising lever can also be provided on the coupling body, so that in the holding position of the raising lever a transmission of force from the second spring means to the raising lever is prevented is. This can ensure that on the throwing lever in its holding position by the second spring means no force is exerted, but it is secured in its securing position not only by the first spring means, but also by the second spring means.
  • FIG. 1 a to 1 f are schematic side views of a first embodiment of a trailer coupling according to the invention, which serve to explain its structure and function;
  • FIG. 2 shows a view similar to FIG. 1 a of the trailer coupling according to FIGS. 1 a to 1 f, but when using a Swiss towing eye;
  • 3 and 4 views similar to Fig. 1 a further inventive
  • Embodiments; 5a and 5b views similar to FIGS. 1 a and 1 c of a further embodiment according to the invention; and FIGS. 6a and 6b are views similar to FIGS. 1 a and 1 d of a further embodiment according to the invention.
  • a trailer hitch according to the invention is generally designated 10. It comprises a coupling body 1 2 with a coupling mouth 14 which, according to FIG. 1 a, is fixedly connected to the coupling body 1 2, but can also be arranged on the latter in such a way that it can be pivoted about an axis parallel to the height direction or vertical direction V, as is the case here for example in the embodiment according to FIGS. 6a and 6b.
  • the clutch body 12 there is a clutch pin 16 between an engaged position shown in FIG. 1 a and a disengaged position shown in FIG. 1 c and held by a raising lever 18 Position taken up displaceable essentially in the vertical direction V.
  • the coupling pin 16 passes through a towing eye 20 of a trailer, not shown, so that the latter is in trailing connection with the towing vehicle, also not shown.
  • a release lever 22 is also pivotally mounted about a pivot axis S1 extending in the transverse direction Q.
  • the release lever 22 is biased counterclockwise in FIG. 1 a by means of a torsion spring 24 only shown in FIG. 1 a, so that in the coupled and secured state of the trailer coupling 10 shown in FIG. 1 a it exerts a force K on the towing eye 20 exercises, which has both a vertically downward force component K v and a horizontally backward, ie to the left in Fig. 1 a, force component K H.
  • the release lever 22 can compensate for both vertical and horizontal play of the drawbar eye 20 relative to the coupling pin 16.
  • the throwing lever 18 is also biased counterclockwise in FIG. 1 a by means of a torsion spring 26, which is not shown in detail in FIG. 1 a, in which its free end 18 a is opposite a holding surface 16 a of the coupling bolt 16 lies and thus secures it in the engaged position.
  • an actuating element 28 shown schematically in dashed lines in FIG. 1b, is first used, for example a manual actuating lever or a remotely operable one
  • the coupling bolt 1 6 is already in the disengaged position and secured by the throwing lever 1 8, in which the pin 1 6 b is positively located in a recess 1 8 a 1 of the free end 18 a of the throwing lever 1 8.
  • 1 c is no longer held by the drawbar eye 20, it pivots counterclockwise under the action of the torsion spring 24 in FIG. 1 c, so that one on the free end 22a of the release lever 22 about an axis S3 pivotally mounted release pawl 30 with its end 30a facing the coupling pin 1 6 engages with it. Due to the engagement of the coupling pin 1 6 with the release pawl 30, the release pawl 30 is pivoted clockwise in FIG. 1 c, namely under tensioning a torsion spring 32, not shown in detail.
  • the torsion spring 32 is weaker than the torsion spring 24. Therefore, the release lever 22 can move past the coupling element 16 into the position shown in FIG. 1 d, in which the release pawl 30 already returns to its original position under the action of the torsion spring 32 has returned, in which the other free end 30b of the release pawl 30 bears against a stop surface 22b of the release lever 22.
  • the coupling pin 16 is as shown in FIG. 1 d as before in its disengaged position and held by the throwing lever 1 8.
  • the release lever 22 is located completely in a height section A of the trailer coupling 10 corresponding to the opening 14a of the coupling mouth 14, and in particular its pivot axis S1 is arranged below the lower end of this insertion opening 14a, and furthermore the release lever 22 is directly on the coupling pin 1 6 acts in order to transmit a loosening torque to this when inserting the towing eye 20 according to FIG. 1 e, in the case of the trailer coupling 10 in a section 1 2a of the coupling body, in which a passage opening for the release lever in the trailer couplings of the prior art discussed at the outset it was intended that no such opening would be provided.
  • the entire actuating mechanism of the trailer coupling 10, comprising the raising lever 1 8 can be encapsulated and thus housed in the coupling body 1 2 so as not to be contaminated.
  • FIG. 2 only serves to explain the fact that the essentially concave bearing surface 22c of the release lever 22 is designed according to the invention in such a way that the release lever 22 can also exert a force K on larger types of drawbar eyes 20 ', which is both vertically downward directed force component K v and a horizontally rearward force component K H. So can the release lever 22 also compensate for a horizontal as well as a vertical play of this towing eye for the towing eye 20 '.
  • a further spring device can be provided which acts on the release lever 22.
  • This additional spring device in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 3 comprises a gas spring 40, preferably a gas spring with hydraulic damping.
  • the gas spring 40 is on the side of the release lever 22 facing away from the drawbar eye 20 in the extension of the drawbar of the trailer connected to the drawbar eye 20, i.e. arranged essentially in the horizontal direction H and acts with its piston rod 42 on the release lever 22. It must also be added that the gas spring 40 can be arranged within the coupling body 12.
  • the further spring device can also be formed by a conventional hydraulic damper, as is known, for example, from DE 29 12 277 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference to supplement the disclosure.
  • the further spring device can also be formed by a gas spring 44, which is arranged outside the coupling body 12, and is supported at one end on a lever 46, which is fastened on the pivot axis S1 of the release lever 22, and is supported at the other end on the coupling body 12.
  • a gas spring 44 which is arranged outside the coupling body 12, and is supported at one end on a lever 46, which is fastened on the pivot axis S1 of the release lever 22, and is supported at the other end on the coupling body 12.
  • the effective lever arm of the lever 46 is as large as possible in the position of the coupling bolt 16 shown in FIG. 4 and secured by the throwing lever 18, ie that the angle between the axis of the gas spring 44 and the lever 46 is preferably approximately 90 °.
  • the gas spring 44 can ensure optimal play compensation both in the horizontal and in the vertical direction.
  • the further spring device which in the embodiment according to FIGS. 5a and 5b is in turn formed by a gas spring, namely the gas spring 48, at one end on the release lever 22 or with it connected lever 46 and at the other end on the raising lever 18 or a lever 50 connected thereto.
  • a gas spring namely the gas spring 48
  • the gas spring 48 to exert a force via the lever 50 on the throwing lever 18 in the engaged position, secured by the throwing lever, of the coupling bolt 16, which supports the action of the torsion spring 26 and secures the coupling bolt 16 in its holding position , If the raising lever 18 is pivoted under the influence of the actuating element 28, the lever 50 according to FIG.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b show a further embodiment of a trailer coupling 110 according to the invention, which essentially corresponds to the embodiments discussed above. 6a and 6b, analog parts are therefore provided with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1 a to 1 f, 2 to 4, 5a and 5b, but increased by the number 100.
  • the embodiment according to FIGS. 6a and 6b are described below only insofar as they differ from the above embodiments, the description of which is hereby expressly otherwise referred to.
  • the trailer hitch 110 differs from the above-described embodiments mainly in that the release lever 122 is designed as a double lever with a first swivel lever 160, which is swivel-mounted on the hitch body 1 12 about the swivel axis S1, and a second swivel lever 162, which is attached to the first pivot lever 160 so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis S4.
  • the release pawl 130 is attached to the second pivot lever 162 so that it can pivot about the pivot axis S3.
  • the first pivot lever 160 is biased counterclockwise relative to the coupling body 1 12 by means of a torsion spring 124 (not shown in detail in FIG.
  • This double lever arrangement with spaced pivot axes has the advantage that even if only a small overall height is available for the release lever 122, the kinematics described above, in particular with reference to FIGS. 1 a to 1 f, due to the displacement of the pivot axis S4 as a result of the pivoting of the first pivot lever 160 can be realized. Therefore, with regard to the description of the functional sequences according to FIGS. 1 a to 1 f.
  • the first pivot lever 160 also takes on the task of pivoting the coupling jaw 114 about the vertical axis V by engaging the free end 160a of the first pivot lever 160 in a recess 114b of the coupling jaw 114 secure in a centered position, which preferably substantially corresponds to the direction of travel of the towing vehicle to which the trailer hitch 110 is arranged.
  • the trailer coupling 110 is also suitable for the use of drawbar eyes 20, 20 'of different sizes.
  • further spring devices can also be provided which correspond in arrangement and function to the gas spring 40 according to FIG. 3, the gas spring 44 according to FIG. 4 and the gas spring 48 according to FIGS. 5a and 5b, whereby these When transferred to the embodiments according to FIGS. 6a and 6b, gas springs act on the first pivot lever 160 or a part connected to it.
  • a trailer coupling 10 comprises a coupling bolt 16 guided in a coupling body 12.
  • a throwing unit 18 secures the coupling bolt 16 inserted into the lumen of a towing eye 20 under spring tension 26 and can be moved into a holding position by means of an actuating unit 28, in which it holds the coupling bolt 16 in its holds disengaged position.
  • a release unit 22 follows the extending towing eye 20 under spring preload 24, a release element 30 arranged on the release unit 22 evading the coupling pin 16. In the opposite movement of the trigger unit 22 caused by the retraction of the towing eye 20, however, the trigger element 30 transmits a release torque to the coupling bolt 16 in the sense of canceling the holding function between the throwing unit 18 and the coupling bolt 16.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)
  • Regulating Braking Force (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un attelage de remorque (10) comprenant un boulon d'accouplement (16) guidé dans un corps d'accouplement (12). Une unité d'élévation (18) maintient en place le boulon d'accouplement (16) enfoncé dans le canal intérieur d'un anneau de couplage de remorque (20), par précontrainte par ressort et peut passer en position de retenue au moyen d'une unité d'actionnement (28), position dans laquelle elle maintient le boulon d'accouplement (16) dans sa position de désaccouplement. Une unité de détachement (22) suit l'anneau de couplage de remorque (20) en cours de désolidarisation, par précontrainte par ressort (24), un élément de détachement (30) monté sur l'unité de détachement (22) faisant place au boulon d'accouplement (16). Lors du moment contraire de l'unité de détachement (22), induit par l'introduction de l'anneau de couplage de remorque (22), l'élément de détachement (30) transmet par contre un moment de détachement qui met un terme à la fonction de retenue entre l'unité d'élévation (18) et le boulon d'accouplement (16).
PCT/EP2002/003472 2001-03-29 2002-03-27 Attelage de remorque WO2002078986A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10115451.8 2001-03-29
DE2001115451 DE10115451B4 (de) 2001-03-29 2001-03-29 Anhängerkupplung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2002078986A1 true WO2002078986A1 (fr) 2002-10-10

Family

ID=7679488

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2002/003472 WO2002078986A1 (fr) 2001-03-29 2002-03-27 Attelage de remorque

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE10115451B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002078986A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10589580B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2020-03-17 Deere & Company Pin-drop hitch mount assembly with biased pin retainer mechanism
US10556472B2 (en) * 2017-01-31 2020-02-11 Deere & Company Pin-drop hitch mount assembly with biased pin retainer mechanism
US10618362B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2020-04-14 Deere & Company Pin-drop hitch mount assembly with alignment features for aligning drawbar and drawbar receiver
US10618361B2 (en) 2017-01-31 2020-04-14 Deere & Company Pin-drop hitch mount assembly with biased pin retainer mechanism
AU2020294189A1 (en) 2019-12-23 2021-07-08 The Raymond Corporation Hitch for a material handling vehicle

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837940A (en) * 1929-01-21 1931-12-22 Direktor Arthur Ade Trailer coupling
FR908390A (fr) * 1944-06-30 1946-04-08 Baj & Fond Ets Dispositif d'attelage automatique
DE7821632U1 (de) * 1978-07-19 1978-10-26 Johann Rockinger Spezialfabrik Fuer Anhaengerkupplungen, 8000 Muenchen Anhängerkupplung
DE2912277A1 (de) 1979-03-28 1980-10-09 Rockinger Spezial Fab Joh Anhaengerkupplung
EP0146116A2 (fr) 1983-12-15 1985-06-26 ROCKINGER Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co. Attelage de remorque à fonctionnement automatique
EP0149453A2 (fr) 1984-01-11 1985-07-24 ROCKINGER Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co. Attelage pour remorque

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4222343C2 (de) * 1992-07-08 1997-06-12 Hans Sauermann Anhängekupplung

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1837940A (en) * 1929-01-21 1931-12-22 Direktor Arthur Ade Trailer coupling
FR908390A (fr) * 1944-06-30 1946-04-08 Baj & Fond Ets Dispositif d'attelage automatique
DE7821632U1 (de) * 1978-07-19 1978-10-26 Johann Rockinger Spezialfabrik Fuer Anhaengerkupplungen, 8000 Muenchen Anhängerkupplung
DE2912277A1 (de) 1979-03-28 1980-10-09 Rockinger Spezial Fab Joh Anhaengerkupplung
EP0146116A2 (fr) 1983-12-15 1985-06-26 ROCKINGER Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co. Attelage de remorque à fonctionnement automatique
EP0149453A2 (fr) 1984-01-11 1985-07-24 ROCKINGER Spezialfabrik für Anhängerkupplungen GmbH & Co. Attelage pour remorque

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10115451A1 (de) 2002-10-02
DE10115451B4 (de) 2010-04-15

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