TWI772384B - 嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖材料 - Google Patents
嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI772384B TWI772384B TW107108967A TW107108967A TWI772384B TW I772384 B TWI772384 B TW I772384B TW 107108967 A TW107108967 A TW 107108967A TW 107108967 A TW107108967 A TW 107108967A TW I772384 B TWI772384 B TW I772384B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- quercetin
- akkermansia muciniphila
- culture
- proliferation
- hesperidin
- Prior art date
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- 241000702462 Akkermansia muciniphila Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 230000035755 proliferation Effects 0.000 title claims description 43
- 239000001100 (2S)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)chroman-4-one Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
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- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- QUQPHWDTPGMPEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hesperidine Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC=C1C1OC2=CC(OC3C(C(O)C(O)C(COC4C(C(O)C(O)C(C)O4)O)O3)O)=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C1 QUQPHWDTPGMPEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
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Abstract
本發明之目的在於提供一種可使嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)增殖之新穎之增殖材料。
本發明之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖材料含有選自由槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素(Isorhamnetin)、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素(hesperetin)、橙皮苷(hesperidin)、洋元荽黃素(apigenin)、金黃酮(chrysin)、桔皮素(tangeretin)、陳黃皮酮(nobiletin)、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上之多酚。
Description
本發明係關於一種可使嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖之增殖材料。
嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila)係具有0.6~1.0μm左右之大小、不形成芽孢且不具有運動性之偏性厭氧性之革蘭氏陰性細菌(非專利文獻1)。嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌係通常存在於以人類為代表之大多數哺乳動物之腸內之真性細菌。
近年來,確認到於肥胖或糖尿病人之腸內嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之量減少,另外,藉由嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之投予確認到小鼠脂肪增加之改善或胰島素抗性之改善(非專利文獻2、3),而指出嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌與肥胖等障礙之相關性。進而,有如下報告:嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌與闌尾炎之嚴重程度成反比例;另外,於伴隨潰瘍性大腸炎或克隆氏病(Crohn's disease)等炎症之疾病之患者腸內,嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之量減少(非專利文獻4、5),而認為嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌具有抗炎作用。
因此,作為用以預防或改善該等疾病或障礙之有希望之手段,對嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之關注不斷提高。
就益菌生(Prebiotics)之觀點而言,正嘗試欲增加腸內之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之數量。例如,專利文獻1中記載有於攝取含有聚葡萄糖(polydextrose)之組成物之人類腸內菌群中,阿克曼氏菌屬細菌之比率增加。專利文獻2中記載有於投予有木糖之小鼠之腸內,阿克曼氏菌屬細菌增殖。專 利文獻3中記載有於瘦體素缺損肥胖小鼠及高脂肪飲食小鼠中確認到之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌量之減少會藉由攝取低聚果糖而有所恢復。專利文獻4中記載有於攝取水溶性乙酸纖維素之大鼠之盲腸內容物之菌群中,阿克曼氏菌屬細菌之比率增加。非專利文獻5中記載有於攝取高分子原花青素之小鼠之腸內菌群中,阿克曼氏菌屬細菌之比率增加。
然而,於該領域內依然迫切期望用以使嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖之新手段。
專利文獻1:日本特表2014-532710號公報
專利文獻2:WO2016/122889公報
專利文獻3:日本特表2016-503418號公報
專利文獻4:WO2015/146853公報
非專利文獻1:Int J Syst and Evol Microbiol. 54: 1469-1476 (2004)
非專利文獻2:Nature Medicine 23, 107-113, 2017
非專利文獻3:Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110, 9066-9071 (2013)
非專利文獻4:Gut. 2011 Jan; 60 (1): 34-40
非專利文獻5:Am J Gastroenterol. 2010 Nov; 105 (11): 2420-8
本發明之目的在於提供一種可使嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖之新穎之增殖材料。
本發明人等為了解決上述課題而進行了潛心研究,結果發現,一部分多酚具有使嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖之作用,從而完成了本發明。
即,本發明包含以下之發明。
[1]一種嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖材料,其含有選自由槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素(Isorhamnetin)、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素(hesperetin)、橙皮苷(hesperidin)、洋元荽黃素(apigenin)、金黃酮(chrysin)、桔皮素(tangeretin)、陳黃皮酮(nobiletin)、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上之多酚。
[2]如[1]之增殖材料,其中,槲皮素醣苷含有選自由槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、及槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷(peltatoside)所組成之群中之一種以上。
[3]如[1]或[2]之增殖材料,其含有槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、花青基葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、或單寧酸。
[4]如[1]至[3]中任一項之增殖材料,其係飲食品、醫藥或者飼料或飼料添加物。
[5]一種培養物,其含有嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌,該嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌係使用含有選自由槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上的多酚之增殖材料進行培養而得者。
[6]如[5]之培養物,其中,槲皮素醣苷含有選自由槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、及槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖 葡萄糖苷所組成之群中之一種以上。
[7]如[5]或[6]之培養物,其中,增殖材料含有槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、花青基葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、或單寧酸。
[8]如[5]至[7]中任一項之培養物,其係飲食品、醫藥或者飼料或飼料添加物。
[9]一種嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌及/或其培養物之製造方法,其包括使用含有選自由槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上的多酚之增殖材料培養嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌。
[10]如[9]之製造方法,其中,槲皮素醣苷含有選自由槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、及槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷所組成之群中之一種以上。
[11]如[10]之製造方法,其中,增殖材料含有槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、花青基葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、或單寧酸。
根據本發明,可提供一種可使嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖之新穎之增殖材料。
圖1-1係表示對由槲皮素醣苷添加至培養基中引起之對嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖之影響進行評價所獲得之結果之條帶圖。結果係以將對照之增殖量設為100%之相對值(增殖比率[%])表示。n=4。*:p<0.05、**:p<0.01(vs對照、Dunnett多重比較檢定)。
圖1-2係表示對由異鼠李素、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽 黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、或單寧酸添加至培養基中引起之對嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖之影響進行評價所獲得之結果之條帶圖。結果係以將對照之增殖量設為100%之相對值(增殖比率[%])表示。n=4。*:p<0.05、**:p<0.01(vs對照、Dunnett多重比較檢定)。
圖2係表示對由芸香苷、或橙皮苷之經口攝取引起之對活體內之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖的影響進行評價所獲得之結果之條帶圖。結果係表示從水投予組(對照)、芸香苷投予組、橙皮苷投予組採集之糞便中之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌DNA之定量結果。n=4。**:p<0.05,*:p<0.1(vs對照、曼-惠特尼(Mann-Whitney)U檢定)。
1.增殖材料
本發明係關於一種嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖材料。
「嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌」為公知,基於Muriel Derrien等人、Int J Syst and Evol Microbiol.54:1469-1476.(2004)等所記載之公知之菌學性質而被賦予特徵。由Muriel Derrien等人(上文揭示),關於基準株(ATCC BAA-835株),記載有具有革蘭氏陰性、偏性厭氧性、非運動性、無芽孢、卵形、尺寸0.6~1.0μm、於添加有黏蛋白之培養基中增殖、及形成莢膜等特徵。
另外,嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之16S rRNA基因之鹼基序列為公知,例如揭示於基因庫(GenBank)等公知之資料庫中,註冊為AY271254、NR_074436。藉由利用該等序列資訊,進行16S rRNA基因之分析,可鑑定嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌。16S rRNA基因之分析可基於定量PCR法、DGGE/TGGE法、FISH法、16S rDNA選殖基因庫法、T-RFLP法、FISH-FCM法、鹼基序列測定法等公知之手法進行。例如,根據定量PCR法,基於嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之16S rRNA基因之公知之鹼基序列資訊,製作對該菌具特異性之引子。以從所選擇之菌中提取之DNA作為模板,使用該引子進行PCR反應,基於有無所意圖之尺寸之PCR擴增產物可判斷該菌是否為嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌。具特異性之引子之設計或PCR條件之確定可依照慣例進行(生物實驗說明3確實增長之PCR:細胞工程學附冊目視觀察之實驗筆記系列;中山廣樹著秀潤社股份有限公司)。
於本發明中所謂「增殖材料」,意指具有支援體外或哺乳動物之活體內之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖而可增加嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數的增殖作用之組成物。
本發明之增殖材料含有選自由槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素(亦稱為3'-O-甲基槲皮素)、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上之多酚。所謂「一種以上之多酚」意指選自上述之1種多酚、或者選自上述之2種、3種、4種、5種、6種、7種、8種、9種、10種、11種、12種、13種或14種多酚之組合。
槲皮素醣苷只要為具有於槲皮素上糖苷鍵結有糖(例如,葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖、鼠李糖、果糖、葡萄糖醛酸、木糖、麥芽糖、乳糖、龍膽二糖、芸香糖等)之結構之化合物即可,並無特別限定。作為可用於本發明之槲皮素醣苷,並無特別限定,例如可列舉:槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷(亦稱為槲皮素3-芸香糖苷)、及槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷(亦稱為槲皮素3-O-α-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷)。較佳為槲皮素醣苷含有選自由槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、及槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷所組成之群中之一種以上(例如1種或者2種、3種、4種、或5種之組合)。槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖 苷、芸香苷、及槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷分別以如下之結構式表示。
異鼠李素係槲皮素之甲基化體,以如下之結構式表示。
花青基葡萄糖苷係矢車菊素醣苷之一種,以如下之結構式表示。
橙皮苷係黃烷酮醣苷之一種,以如下之結構式表示,柑果苷素係橙皮苷之糖苷配基,以如下之結構式表示。
洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、及陳黃皮酮分別為黃酮醣苷之糖苷配基,以如下之結構式表示。
單寧酸係多個沒食子酸鍵結於葡萄糖而成之單寧之一種,以如 下之結構式表示。
該等中,尤佳為含有選自由槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、花青基葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上之多酚。槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、花青基葡萄糖苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、及單寧酸與上述其他多酚相比,具有較高之增殖作用。
於本發明中,上述一種以上之多酚可為從植物提取之天然物,亦可為經化學合成者。於為天然物之情形時,成為其原料之植物或提取方法並無特別限定,上述一種以上之多酚可以從植物單離者、或提取物之形態使用。
可於增殖材料中以選自0.001~99重量%、較佳為0.001~90重量%、更佳為0.001~80重量%、進而較佳為0.001~70重量%之範圍中之量含有上述一種以上之多酚,但該量並無特別限定,可根據多酚之種類或數量、增殖材料之形態或用途而變化。於在增殖材料中含有2種以上之多酚之組合之情形時,各多酚可以任意之比例含有。本發明之增殖材料可製成液體、半固體、固體(粉體、粒體等)等適合於用途之任意形態,例如於增殖材料具有液體之形態之情形時,對於1種多酚而言,可含有成為5μg/mL以上、較佳為10μg/mL以上、更佳為20μg/mL以上、進而較佳為30μg/mL以上之量。上限並無特別限定,例如可設為2000μg/mL以下、較佳為1500μg/mL以下、更佳為1000μg/mL 以下、進而較佳為500μg/mL以下。
增殖材料所含之上述一種以上之多酚之量可使用公知之質譜法(例如,液相層析質譜法、高效液相層析法等)進行定量。
本發明之增殖材料中,除了上述一種以上之多酚以外,可含有通常用於微生物培養之碳源、氮源、無機鹽類等。例如,作為碳源,可利用葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、澱粉、糖蜜等,作為氮源,例如可利用蛋白腖、酵母萃取液、胰陳、酪蛋白水解物、肉汁、硫酸銨等,作為無機鹽類,可利用磷酸、鉀、鎂、鈣、鈉、鐵、錳等之鹽類。進而,視需要可含有瓊脂或明膠、維生素類、胺基酸類、界面活性劑等。
另外,於本發明之增殖材料中可含有已知對阿克曼氏菌屬菌之增殖或腸內比率之增大具有效果之其他成分。作為此種成分,可列舉:黏蛋白、葡萄糖、N-乙醯葡萄胺糖、N-乙醯半乳胺糖(Muriel Derrien等人(上文揭示))、聚葡萄糖(日本特表2014-532710)、木糖(WO2016-122889)、低聚果糖(日本特表2016-503418)、水溶性乙酸纖維素(WO2015/146853)、高分子原花青素(Masumoto S et al.,Sci.Rep.,6,31208(2016))等,但並不限定於該等。
本發明之增殖材料可用作用以培養嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之培養基,或可添加於基本培養基中而加以利用,可支援體外之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖,增加嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數。
或者本發明之增殖材料可製成醫藥或飲食品、或者飼料或飼料添加物之形態,可對哺乳動物投予或使其攝取。
本發明之增殖材料可含有醫藥或飲食品之製造中通常使用之賦形劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、崩解劑等添加劑,可以具有適於所期待之投予路徑或攝取方法之劑型或形態的醫藥或飲食品之形式製造並提供。
作為賦形劑,可列舉:乳糖、白糖、D-甘露醇、D-山梨糖醇、澱粉、α化澱粉、糊精、葡萄糖、玉米澱粉、結晶纖維素、低取代度羥丙基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、阿拉伯膠、聚三葡萄糖(pullulan)、輕質無水矽酸、合成矽酸鋁、偏矽酸鋁鎂等。
作為潤滑劑,例如可列舉:蔗糖脂肪酸酯或甘油脂肪酸酯等糖酯類;硬脂酸鈣、硬脂酸鎂、硬脂酸、硬脂醇、粉末植物油脂等氫化油;白蜂蠟(white beeswax)等蠟類;滑石、矽酸、矽等。
作為黏合劑,可列舉:α化澱粉、蔗糖、明膠、阿拉伯膠、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、結晶纖維素、白糖、D-甘露醇、海藻糖、糊精、聚三葡萄糖、羥丙基纖維素、羥丙基甲基纖維素、聚乙烯基吡咯啶酮等。
作為崩解劑,可列舉:乳糖、白糖、澱粉、羧甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈣、交聯羧甲基纖維素鈉、羧甲基澱粉鈉、輕質無水矽酸、低取代度羥丙基纖維素等。
另外,作為本發明中可利用之通常用於醫藥或飲食品之製造的添加劑之例,可列舉:各種油脂(例如大豆油、玉米油、紅花油、橄欖油等植物油,牛油、沙丁魚油等動物油脂)、天然藥(例如蜂王漿、人參等)、胺基酸(例如麩胺酸、半胱胺酸、白胺酸、精胺酸等)、多元醇(例如乙二醇、聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、糖醇、作為例之山梨糖醇、赤藻糖醇、木糖醇、麥芽糖醇、甘露醇等)、天然高分子(例如阿拉伯膠、瓊脂、水溶性玉米纖維、明膠、三仙膠、酪蛋白、麩質或麩質水解物、卵磷脂、澱粉、糊精等)、維生素(例如維生素C、維生素B群等)、礦物質(例如鈣、鎂、鋅、鐵等)、食物纖維(例如甘露聚糖、果膠、半纖維素等)、界面活性劑(例如甘油脂肪酸酯、山梨醇酐脂肪酸酯等)、純化水、稀釋劑、穩定化劑、等張劑、pH值調節劑、 緩衝劑、濕潤劑、增溶劑、懸浮劑、著色劑、矯味劑、除臭劑、香料、抗氧化劑、甜味料、呈味成分、酸味料等。
醫藥或飲食品之劑型或形態並無特別限制。作為醫藥,例如可製成錠劑、膠囊劑、顆粒劑、散劑、粉劑、糖漿劑、乾糖漿劑、液劑、懸浮劑、吸入劑、栓劑等劑型,較佳為經口劑。液劑、懸浮劑等液體製劑可為以可冷凍乾燥化保存之狀態提供,且於使用時藉由含有水或生理鹽水等之緩衝液等進行溶解並製備為適當之濃度後使用者。又,錠劑等具有固體劑形者可視需要進行包衣(例如糖衣錠、明膠包衣錠、腸溶錠等),亦可使用公知之技術,製成緩釋性製劑、延遲釋放製劑或即時釋放製劑等釋放得到控制之製劑。
作為飲食品,例如可製成模壓點心、錠劑、咀嚼錠、具有錠劑、粉劑、散劑、膠囊劑、顆粒劑、飲劑等形態之健康飲食品(補充品、營養補充食品、健康補充食品、營養調理食品等)、清涼飲料、茶飲料、果凍飲料、運動飲料、咖啡飲料、碳酸飲料、蔬菜飲料、果汁飲料、醱酵蔬菜飲料、醱酵果汁飲料、醱酵乳飲料(酸乳酪等)、乳酸菌飲料、乳飲料、粉末飲料、可可飲料、點心(例如餅乾或曲奇類、巧克力、糖果、口香糖、片劑)、果凍等形態(並不限定於該等)。
飲食品可製成保健功能食品(特定保健用食品(包括附條件之特定保健用食品))、營養功能食品、功能性宣稱食品、或健康食品、美容食品等。
另外,本發明之增殖材料不僅可製成人用之飲食品,而且亦可製成家畜、賽馬、寵物等之飼料或飼料添加物之形態。
本發明之增殖材料可作為飲食品、醫藥或者飼料或飼料添加物而對哺乳動物(例如人類、猴、黑猩猩、牛、馬、豬、羊、犬、貓、小鼠、大鼠等)、較佳為人類投予或使其攝取,而可支援所投予或攝取之哺乳動物之活 體內的嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖,增加嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數。
本發明之增殖材料之投予量或攝取量可根據對象之年齡及體重、投予路徑、投予或攝取次數、所含之多酚之種類或數量等要因而變化,可採用任意之投予量或攝取量。例如,於以經口方式進行投予或攝取之情形時,對於所含之1種多酚而言,可每天1次或分多次(例如,2~5次、較佳為2~3次)投予或攝取選自0.01mg/kg~600mg/kg之量。於含有2種以上之多酚之組合之情形時,各多酚以選自上述範圍之量每天1次或分多次投予或攝取即可。
本發明之增殖材料可以微量且於短時間內發揮效果,但可長期投予或攝取。例如,可依照上述用法用量,歷經1週以上、2週以上、1個月以上、2個月以上、6個月以上、1年以上、或其以上之時間持續投予或攝取本發明之增殖材料。
2.培養物
另外,本發明係關於一種嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之培養物及其製造方法。
於本發明中,所謂「培養物」係使用上述增殖材料所培養之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌、以及含有培養基成分及代謝產物之組成物。較佳為於培養基成分中含有上述一種以上之多酚。
於本發明中,「嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌」可使用從哺乳動物(例如人類、猴、黑猩猩、牛、馬、豬、羊、犬、貓、小鼠、大鼠等)、較佳為人類之腸內所單離者。嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌可依照公知之手法(Muriel Derrien等人(上文揭示)),將含有哺乳動物之糞便、糞便物、或便之樣品於添加有黏蛋白之培養基中在厭氧條件下進行培養,從所生長之菌體中進行單離。
於本發明中,可利用分類為嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之任意之菌株、或者其變異株或育種株。作為本發明中可利用之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌株,可列舉ATCC BAA-835株、YL44株、JCM 30893株等,但並不限定於該等。
本發明之培養物可藉由使用上述增殖材料培養嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌而獲得。增殖材料可用作用以培養嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之培養基,或可添加於基本培養基中而加以利用。於培養基中,可含有對於1種多酚而言成為5μg/mL以上、較佳為10μg/mL以上、更佳為20μg/mL以上、進而較佳為30μg/mL以上之量。上限並無特別限定,例如可設為2000μg/mL以下、較佳為1500μg/mL以下、更佳為1000μg/mL以下、進而較佳為500μg/mL以下。亦可視需要於培養基中進而添加瓊脂或明膠。
培養可於pH值5.5~8.0、較佳為pH值6.5,於20℃~40℃、較佳為37℃、厭氧條件下進行。所謂「厭氧條件」只要為低至嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌可增殖之程度之低氧環境即可,例如,可使用厭氧室、厭氧箱、裝入有脫氧劑之密封容器或培養容器等設為厭氧條件。
培養可以靜置培養、振動培養、槽培養等任意之形式進行,另外,培養時間並無特別限制,例如可設為3小時~7天。培養可分批進行,亦可連續進行。
培養後,可將所獲得之培養物直接用作本發明之培養物,或亦可使用從培養物中將嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌進行濃縮或部分純化而成者作為本發明之培養物。從培養物中將菌體濃縮或部分純化可使用任意之手段進行,例如可使用離心分離或過濾等。
可對培養物進行低溫殺菌。培養物之低溫殺菌可藉由在60℃~80℃、較佳為70℃之溫度下加熱30分鐘左右而進行。
根據上述培養法,可藉由增殖材料支援嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖,增加嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數,而可有效率地製造嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之培養物。
本發明之培養物可含有通常用於醫藥或飲食品之製造之賦形 劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、崩解劑等添加劑,可以具有適於所期待之投予路徑或攝取方法之劑型或形態的醫藥或飲食品之形式製造並提供。賦形劑、潤滑劑、黏合劑、崩解劑等添加劑可利用上述者,可獲得具有上述劑型或形態之飲食品、醫藥或者飼料或飼料添加物。
本發明之培養物可作為飲食品、醫藥或者飼料或飼料添加物而對哺乳動物(例如人類、猴、黑猩猩、牛、馬、豬、羊、犬、貓、小鼠、大鼠等)、較佳為人類投予或使其攝取,可增加所投予或攝取之哺乳動物之活體內之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數。
本發明之培養物之投予量或攝取量可根據對象之年齡及體重、投予路徑、投予或攝取次數等要因而變化,可採用任意之投予量或攝取量。例如,於以經口方式進行投予或攝取之情形時,對於嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之菌體之數量而言,可1次或分多次(例如,2~5次、較佳為2~3次)投予或攝取選自每天1×105個/kg~1×1015個/kg、較佳為每天1×106個/kg~1×1014個/kg、更佳為每天1×108個/kg~1×1013個/kg中之量。
本發明之培養物可以微量且於短時間內發揮效果,但可長期投予或攝取。例如,可依照上述用法用量,歷經1週以上、2週以上、1個月以上、2個月以上、6個月以上、1年以上、或其以上之時間持續投予或攝取本發明之培養物。
本發明之培養物可與上述增殖材料一起投予或攝取。
以下,藉由實施例對本發明進行具體說明,但本發明並不限定於該等。
實施例1. 藉由添加多酚獲得之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖效果
1.方法
(1)菌株
嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌菌株可使用如下菌株:依照Muriel Derrien等人(上文揭示)所記載之手法,使用添加有黏蛋白之培養基,由健康人(成人)之糞便試樣進行選殖,對於所獲得之菌株,確定16S rRNA基因之鹼基序列,基於與在GenBank註冊之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之16S rRNA基因的鹼基序列(AY271254)之序列比較,確認為嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌。
(2)培養基之製備
嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之潛伏期培養基(本培養基)係於Nature Medicine 23,107-113,2017所記載之合成培養基中,以成為培養基整體之1質量%之量添加藉由二甲基亞碸(DMSO)稀釋為各種濃度之各多酚。
上述合成培養基係依照公知之手法,於每1L含有0.4g KH2PO4、0.53g Na2HPO4、0.3g NH4Cl、0.3g NaCl、0.1g MgCl2.6H2O、0.11g CaCl2、1ml鹼性微量元素溶液(鹼性微量元素溶液具有以下之組成:0.1mM Na2SeO3、0.1mM Na2WO4、0.1mM Na2MoO4、及10mM NaOH)、1ml酸性微量元素溶液(酸性微量元素溶液具有以下之組成:7.5mM FeCl2、1mM H3BO4、0.5mM ZnCl2、0.1mM CuCl2、0.5mM MnCl2、0.5mM CoCl2、0.1mM NiCl2、及50mM HCl)、1ml維生素溶液(維生素溶液具有以下之組成:0.02g/L生物素、0.2g/L菸鹼酸、0.5g/L吡哆醇、0.1g/L核黃素、0.2g/L硫胺素、0.1g/L氰鈷胺素、0.1g/L對胺基苯甲酸、及0.1g/L泛酸)、0.5mg刃天青、4g NaHCO3、0.25g Na2S.7-9H2O之經滅菌之基礎培養基中添加0.7%(v/v)之滅菌純化管腔液,進而添加16g/L大豆蛋白陳、4g/L蘇胺酸、以及葡萄糖及N-乙醯葡萄胺糖之混合物(分別25mM)而製備。
以上述方式,製備以31.25μg/mL、62.5μg/mL、125μg/mL、250μg/mL、或500μg/mL之量含有槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素、花青基葡萄糖苷、 柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、單寧酸之任一者之培養基,用於以下之正式培養。
作為槲皮素醣苷,使用槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷。
對照培養基係於公知之合成培養基中添加不含多酚之等量之DMSO而製備。
(3)培養
將菌株接種於添加有0.4%(v/v)之黏蛋白之GAM培養基(Gifu Anaerobic Medium)中,於厭氧條件下、37℃預培養24小時。
預培養結束後,將預培養液(10μL)添加至上述本培養基(200μL)中,於厭氧條件下、37℃正式培養90小時。
對照係使用對照培養基代替本培養基同樣地進行培養。
(4)增殖比率之測定
正式培養結束後,從正式培養液回收菌體,依照腸內細菌學雜誌20:245-258,2006所記載之手法,藉由玻璃珠法,從菌體提取DNA。
繼而,以所獲得之DNA為模板,依照Appl.Environ.Microbiol.December 2007 vol.73 no.23 7767-7770所記載之手法,使用基於嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之16S rRNA基因之序列所製作之引子組進行定量PCR,對所回收之菌體之DNA量進行測定。
對於對照,亦同樣地從菌體提取DNA,對所回收之菌體之DNA量(對照DNA量)進行測定。
以將對照DNA量設為100%之相對值表示所獲得之DNA量(n=4),對各培養基中之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖進行評價。
2.結果
關於所添加之多酚之種類及量,將確認到超過對照之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖者示於圖1-1、圖1-2。
對於任一化合物,藉由將槲皮素醣苷添加至培養基中,均確認到超過對照之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之DNA量之增大(圖1-1)。該結果提示不論該化合物之種類如何,槲皮素醣苷均可促進嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖。
另外,藉由在培養基中添加異鼠李素、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、或單寧酸,亦確認到超過對照之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之DNA量之增大(圖1-2),確認到藉由各多酚之添加可促進嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖。
尤其是於槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷(31.25μg/mL、125μg/mL)、芸香苷(62.5μg/mL)、花青基葡萄糖苷(62.5μg/mL、125μg/mL、250μg/mL)、橙皮苷(31.25μg/mL、62.5μg/mL、125μg/mL、250μg/mL)、洋元荽黃素(31.25μg/mL、62.5μg/mL)、單寧酸(31.25μg/mL)中,可確認到良好之增殖(括號內之數值表示培養基中之含量)。
根據以上之結果,確認到藉由槲皮素醣苷、異鼠李素、花青基葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、或單寧酸,可支援嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖,增加嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數。
實施例2. 嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖效果之研究
對小鼠提供高脂肪食品,並投予8週芸香苷及橙皮苷,對此時之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌增殖效果進行驗證。
1.方法
(1)使用動物
使30隻9週齡小鼠(C57BL/6J)攝取高脂肪食飼料D12492(Research Diets, Inc)。分別分組為水投予組(對照)、芸香苷投予組、橙皮苷投予組(每組10隻),於芸香苷投予組、橙皮苷投予組中,使600mg/kg之量懸浮於水中,每天經口投予。該經口投予從開始投予起進行8週。
(2)受驗物質
芸香苷係使用αG芸香苷PS(東洋製糖)。橙皮苷係使用αG橙皮苷PA(東洋製糖)。
(3)DNA之提取
採集自經口投予起8週後之糞便,依照腸內細菌學雜誌20:245-258,2006所記載之手法,藉由玻璃珠法從約100mg糞便中提取DNA。
(4)嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之定量
以所獲得之DNA作為模板,依照Appl.Environ.Microbiol.December 2007 vol.73no.23 7767-7770所記載之手法,使用基於嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之16S rRNA基因之序列所製作之引子組進行定量PCR,對所回收之糞便中之菌體之DNA量進行測定。
2.結果
將從進行了8週經口投予之小鼠採集之糞便中之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之DNA定量值示於圖2。
於芸香苷投予組、橙皮苷投予組中,確認到與對照組相比,嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之DNA量有所增大。
根據以上之結果,確認到藉由經口攝取芸香苷或橙皮苷,可支援活體內之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之增殖,而可增加活體內之嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌之絕對數。
本說明書包含作為本案之優先權之基礎的日本申請案2017-215558號之說明書及/或圖式所記載之內容。
將本說明書所引用之全部刊物、專利及專利申請案直接作為參考而併入至本說明書中。
Claims (5)
- 一種培養物,其含有增殖材料及嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia muciniphila),該增殖材料含有選自由槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷(peltatoside)、柑果苷素(hesperetin)、橙皮苷(hesperidin)、洋元荽黃素(apigenin)、金黃酮(chrysin)、桔皮素(tangeretin)、陳黃皮酮(nobiletin)、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上之多酚。
- 如請求項1所述之培養物,其中,增殖材料含有槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、或單寧酸。
- 如請求項1或2所述之培養物,其係飲食品、醫藥或者飼料或飼料添加物。
- 一種嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌及/或其培養物之製造方法,其包括使用含有選自由槲皮素3-D-半乳糖苷、槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素3,4-二葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、槲皮素3-阿拉伯糖葡萄糖苷、柑果苷素、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、金黃酮、桔皮素、陳黃皮酮、及單寧酸所組成之群中之一種以上之多酚之增殖材料培養嗜粘蛋白阿克曼氏菌。
- 如請求項4所述之製造方法,其中,增殖材料含有槲皮素3-O-吡喃葡萄糖苷、芸香苷、橙皮苷、洋元荽黃素、或單寧酸。
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