TWI687407B - Nr2b之n-烷基芳基-5-氧基芳基-八氫-環戊并[c]吡咯負向異位調節劑 - Google Patents
Nr2b之n-烷基芳基-5-氧基芳基-八氫-環戊并[c]吡咯負向異位調節劑 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI687407B TWI687407B TW104131936A TW104131936A TWI687407B TW I687407 B TWI687407 B TW I687407B TW 104131936 A TW104131936 A TW 104131936A TW 104131936 A TW104131936 A TW 104131936A TW I687407 B TWI687407 B TW I687407B
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- alkyl
- compound
- group
- pharmaceutically acceptable
- acceptable salt
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- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/52—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring condensed with a ring other than six-membered
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- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing only aliphatic carbon atoms
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- C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
- C07D401/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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Abstract
Description
本發明係關於選擇性地調節NR1/NR2B受體之活性之化合物。
NMDA受體可論證地為人類大腦中之重要傳訊機制。大腦處理資訊之複雜陣列以允許人類運行,在本發明之情形下儲存來自過去之資訊且分析此資訊以作出反應且規劃將來。藉由連續調節突觸、用於神經細胞之間的連通之節點(人類大腦中估計為約60萬億)之強度來在分子水準上介導此等非常複雜的計算。
麩胺酸為大腦中之主要興奮性神經傳遞素,其在80%此等突觸處利用。NMDA受體為使用麩胺酸介導突觸傳遞之三個類別中之一者。NMDA受體在調節突觸強度方面,亦即,在調節突觸可塑性方面起重要作用。因此,NMDA受體在腦功能及尤其學習及記憶之認知功能之分子核心處。此等事實構成利用新穎藥物調節NMDA受體功能以治療寬範圍神經精神疾病及認知功能障礙之極大治療效用。
NMDA受體功能之分子基礎愈來愈得到較好理解。NMDA受體由四個蛋白質次單元(兩個NR1次單元及兩個NR2次單元)構成。衍生自單一基因之NR1次單元在整個大腦中普遍表現且為所有NMDA受體共
用的。然而,四個不同NR2次單元NR2A-D衍生自在不同大腦區域中且特定區域內神經元之相異群體差異表現之單獨基因。此外,個別神經元可表現一個以上NR2次單元,且此類神經元所表現之個別NMDA受體可含有兩個相同NR2次單元(例如2個NR2B次單元)或兩個不同次單元(一個NR2A及一個NR2B次單元)。因此,選擇性地調節一個NR2次單元之活性之藥物可在表現兩種目標次單元或目標次單元中僅一者之受體處如此進行。因此,需要與NR1/NR2B受體相關之疾病之新穎的治療。
及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、前藥、溶劑合物、水合物、互變異構體或立體異構體其中:L1為視情況經一或多個選自由OH、OR10、NH2、NHR10及N(R10)(R10')組成之群的取代基取代之直鏈或分支鏈C1-C5烷基,限制條件為不超過一個氧或氮連接至任何碳;或L1選自由-C(O)-、-C(O)-C1-C3伸烷基-、-C(O)O-C1-C3伸烷基-、-S(O)2-、-S(O)2NH-、-C(O)NH-、-C(O)NR10-及一鍵組成之群;各R10及R10'獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H;視情況經一或多個選自由OH、O-C1-C5烷基、OPO3 -2M2、OP(O)(OH)2、OC(O)烷基及OC(O)O-烷基組成之群的取代基取代之C1-C6烷基,其中M為單價金屬
陽離子;及視情況經一或多個選自由OH及O-C1-C5烷基組成之群的取代基取代之環烷基,限制條件為不超過一個氧連接至任何碳;或R10及R10'可與其所連接之氮一起形成雜環;R1為環烷基、芳基或雜芳基,其中任一者視情況經一或多個選自由以下組成之群的取代基取代:OH、CN、鹵素、-C1-C6烷基芳基、-O-C1-C6烷基芳基、O-R10、OPO3 -2M2、OP(O)(OH)2、SH、S-R10、C1-C5烷基、分支鏈烷基、NH2、NHR10、NHS(O)2R10、N(R10)(NR10')及NHCOR10,其中M為單價金屬陽離子;Y及Y'獨立地為H、鹵素或C1-C5烷基;X選自O、S、-S(O)-及-S(O)2-;L2為一鍵、-(CH2)n-或-(CHR11)n-;各R11獨立地選自由以下組成之群:H、-C1-C5伸烷基-、-CO-C1-C5伸烷基-及-伸烷基-CO-伸烷基-;R2為苯基、萘基、雜芳基或雙環雜芳基,其中之每一者視情況經一或多個選自由以下組成之群的取代基取代:鹵素、OH、C1-C6烷基、OR10、CN、NH2、NHR10、N(R10)(R10')、-硝基、SH、SR10、SOR10、SO2R10、SO2NHR10、SO2N(R10)(R10')、CONH2、CONR10及CON(R10)(R10');及n為1、2或3。
本發明進一步係關於選擇性地調節含有NR2B次單元之NMDA受體之活性的化合物,其涵蓋含有兩個NR2B次單元或一個NR2B次單元以及一個其他NR2次單元之受體(亦即,NR2A/NR2B、NR2B/NR2C或NR2B/NR2D受體)。此類化合物可降低含有NR2B之NMDA受體之活性。本發明亦關於此類化合物之治療用途。亦描述包含所揭示之化合物中之至少一者的醫藥調配物。
本文亦描述藉由向患者投與有效量之所揭示之化合物來在有需
要之患者中治療易受所揭示之化合物治療影響的疾病之方法。此類疾病包括(但不限於)神經功能障礙,諸如帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)、亨廷頓氏病(Huntington's disease)、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化、多發性硬化症及癲癇症、情緒障礙、抑鬱症、雙極性疾患、強迫症及其他焦慮病症。
本發明之化合物或醫藥組合物可用於治療經歷由異常大腦發育引起的功能障礙之個體,包括(但不限於)患有自閉症及自閉症譜系障礙、X脆折症候群、瑞特氏症候群(Rett Syndrome)、安格爾曼症候群(Angelman syndrome)、結節性硬化症、唐氏症候群(Down's syndrome)及其他形式之智力遲鈍的彼等者。
本發明進一步關於包含有效量之所揭示之化合物及醫藥學上可接受之載劑的醫藥組合物。該等組合物適用於治療或預防疾病或病症。本發明包括以醫藥學上可接受之前藥、水合物、鹽、立體異構體或其混合物形式提供之所揭示之化合物。
本發明之細節闡述於以下隨附實施方式中。儘管類似或等效於本文所描述之彼等方法及材料之方法及材料可用於本發明之實踐或測試中,但現描述說明性方法及材料。本發明之其他特徵、目標及優點將由說明書及申請專利範圍變得顯而易見。除非上下文清楚另外指示,否則在說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中,單數形成亦包括複數。除非另外定義,否則本文所使用之所有技術及科學術語具有與本發明所屬領域之一般熟習此項技術者通常所理解相同之含義。本說明書中所引用之所有專利及公開案均以全文引用之方式併入本文中。
本發明中使用冠詞「一(a)」及「一(an)」以指一個或一個以上(亦即,至少一個)文法冠詞對象。藉助於實例,「元素」意謂一種元素或大於一種元素。
除非另外指示,否則本發明中使用術語「及/或」以意謂「及」或「或」任一者。
術語「視情況經取代」理解為意謂給定化學部分(例如烷基)可(但無需)鍵結其他取代基(例如雜原子)。舉例而言,視情況經取代之烷基可為完全飽和烷基鏈(亦即,純烴)。或者,同一視情況經取代之烷基可具有不同於氫之取代基。舉例而言,其可在任何位置處沿鏈鍵合至鹵素原子、羥基或本文所描述之任何其他取代基。因此,術語「視情況經取代」意謂給定化學部分具有含有其他官能基之可能,但不一定具有任何其他官能基。用於所描述之基團之視情況存在之取代之適合的取代基包括(但不限於)鹵素、側氧基、CN、-COOH、-CH2CN、-O-C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基、-OC1-C6烯基、-OC1-C6炔基、-C1-C6烯基、-C1-C6炔基、-OH、-OP(O)(OH)2、-OC(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-OC(O)OC1-C6烷基、NH2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、N(C1-C6烷基)2、-NHC(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)NHC1-C6烷基、-S(O)2-C1-C6烷基、-S(O)NHC1-C6烷基及S(O)N(C1-C6烷基)2。
除非另外明確定義,否則術語「芳基」係指具有1至2個芳族環之環狀芳族烴基,包括單環或雙環基團,諸如苯基、聯二苯或萘基。在含有兩個芳族環(雙環等)之情況下,芳基之芳族環可在單一位置處接合(例如聯二苯)或稠合(例如萘基)。芳基可視情況在任何連接點處經一或多個取代基,例如1至5個取代基取代。例示性取代基包括(但不限於)-H、-鹵素、-O-C1-C6烷基、C1-C6烷基、-OC1-C6烯基、-OC1-C6炔基、-C1-C6烯基、-C1-C6炔基、-OH、-OP(O)(OH)2、-OC(O)C1-C6烷基、-C(O)C1-C6烷基、-OC(O)OC1-C6烷基、NH2、NH(C1-C6烷基)、
N(C1-C6烷基)2、-S(O)2-C1-C6烷基、-S(O)NHC1-C6烷基及S(O)N(C1-C6烷基)2。取代基可自身視情況經取代。此外,當含有兩個稠環時,本文所定義之芳基可具有與完全飽和環稠合之不飽和或部分飽和環。此等芳基之例示性環系統包括茚滿基、茚基、四氫萘基及四氫苯并輪烯基。
除非另外明確定義,否則「雜芳基」意謂具有5至10個環原子之單價單環芳基或含有一或多個選自N、O或S之環雜原子、其餘環原子為C之多環芳基。如本文所定義之雜芳基亦意謂雙環雜芳族基團,其中雜原子選自N、O或S。芳基視情況獨立地經本文所描述之一或多個取代基取代。實例包括(但不限於)呋喃基、噻吩基、吡咯基、吡啶基、吡唑基、嘧啶基、咪唑基、吡嗪基、吲哚基、噻吩-2-基、喹啉基、苯并哌喃基、噻唑基及其衍生物。此外,當含有兩個稠環時,本文所定義之芳基可具有與完全飽和環稠合之不飽和或部分飽和環。此等雜芳基之例示性環系統包括吲哚啉基、吲哚啉酮基、二氫苯并噻吩基、二氫苯并呋喃、烷基、硫烷基、四氫喹啉基、二氫苯并噻嗪及二氫苯并噁烷基。
「C1-C3烷基」係指含有1-3個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈飽和烴。C1-C3烷基之實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基及異丙基。
「C1-C5烷基」係指含有1-5個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈飽和烴。C1-C5烷基之實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、異丙基、異丁基、第二丁基及第三丁基、異戊基及新戊基。
烷基通常為低碳烷基或C1-C6烷基。C1-C6烷基之實例包括(但不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、己基、異丙基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、異戊基、新戊基及異己基。
鹵素或「鹵基」係指氟、氯、溴及碘。
如本文所定義之「伸烷基」係指通式-(CH2)n-之基團,其中n為1
至6之整數。伸烷基之適合的實例包括亞甲基、伸乙基及伸丙基。
「烯基」係指含有2-12個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈不飽和烴。「烯基」在鏈中含有至少一個雙鍵。烯基之實例包括乙烯基、丙烯基、正丁烯基、異丁烯基、戊烯基或己烯基。
「炔基」係指含有2-12個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈不飽和烴。「炔基」在鏈中含有至少一個三鍵。炔基之實例包括乙炔基、炔丙基、正丁炔基、異丁炔基、戊炔基或己炔基。
術語「鹵烷基」係指含有1-5個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈飽和烴鏈,其碳中之至少一者經諸如氟、氯、溴、碘之鹵素基團取代。如本文所定義之鹵烷基之實例包括(但不限於)三氟甲基、三溴甲基及1,1,1-三氟乙基。
術語「羥烷基」係指含有1-5個碳原子之直鏈或分支鏈飽和烴鏈,其碳中之至少一者經羥基取代。
術語「-烷基芳基」係指連接至相鄰C1-C6烷基之芳基,其中鍵位於烷基末端處。因此,諸如苯甲基、苯乙基或三甲苯基之基團構成本發明之烷基芳基之例示性代表。
「環烷基」意謂含有3-18個碳原子之單環飽和碳環。環烷基之實例包括(但不限於)環丙基、環丁基、環戊基、環己基、環庚基、環辛基、蒈烷基(norboranyl)、冰片基、雙環[2.2.2]辛基或雙環[2.2.2]辛烯基。
含有碳及取自氧、氮或硫之雜原子且其中不存在非定域π電子(芳香性)之「雜環基」或「雜環烷基」或「雜環」單環共用環碳或雜原子;雜環基環包括(但不限於)氧雜環丁烷基、氮雜環丁烷基、四氫呋喃基、吡咯啶基、噁唑啉基、噁唑啶基、噻唑啉基、噻唑啶基、哌喃基、硫代哌喃基、四氫哌喃基、二哺啉基(dioxalinyl)、哌啶基、嗎啉基、硫嗎啉基、硫嗎啉基S-氧化物、硫嗎啉基S-二氧化物、哌嗪
基、氮雜卓基、氧呯基、二氮呯基、托烷基(tropanyl)及高托烷基(homotropanyl)。
「螺環」意謂兩個環經由單一原子連接之雙環系統。環在尺寸及性質方面可不同,或在尺寸及性質方面相同。實例包括螺戊烷、螺己烷、螺庚烷、螺辛烷、螺壬烷或螺癸烷。
本發明亦包括包含有效量之所揭示之化合物及醫藥學上可接受之載劑的醫藥組合物。代表性「醫藥學上可接受之鹽」包括例如水溶性及非水溶性鹽,諸如乙酸鹽、胺芪磺酸鹽(amsonate)(4,4-二胺基芪-2,2-二磺酸鹽)、苯磺酸鹽、苯甲酸鹽、碳酸氫鹽、硫酸氫鹽、酒石酸氫鹽、硼酸鹽、溴化物、丁酸鹽、鈣鹽、乙二胺四乙酸鈣、樟腦磺酸鹽、碳酸鹽、氯化物、檸檬酸鹽、克拉維酸鹽(clavulariate)、二鹽酸鹽、乙二胺四乙酸鹽、乙二磺酸鹽、依託酸鹽(estolate)、乙磺酸鹽、菲那酸鹽(fiunarate)、葡庚糖酸鹽、葡糖酸鹽、麩胺酸鹽、乙內醯胺苯胂酸鹽、六氟磷酸鹽、己基間苯二酚酸鹽(hexylresorcinate)、海卓胺(hydrabamine)鹽、氫溴酸鹽、鹽酸鹽、羥基萘甲酸鹽、碘化物、異硫代羥酸鹽(isothionate)、乳酸鹽、乳糖酸鹽、月桂酸鹽、鎂鹽、蘋果酸鹽、順丁烯二酸鹽、杏仁酸鹽、甲磺酸鹽、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸鹽、甲基磺酸鹽、半乳糖二酸鹽、萘磺酸鹽、硝酸鹽、N-甲基葡糖胺銨鹽、3-羥基-2-萘甲酸鹽、油酸鹽、草酸鹽、棕櫚酸鹽、雙羥萘酸鹽(1,1-亞甲基-雙-2-羥基-3-萘甲酸鹽,恩波酸鹽(einbonate))、泛酸鹽、磷酸鹽/二磷酸鹽、苦味酸鹽、聚半乳糖醛酸鹽、丙酸鹽、對甲苯磺酸鹽、水楊酸鹽、硬脂酸鹽、次乙酸鹽、丁二酸鹽、硫酸鹽、磺基水楊酸鹽、蘇拉酸鹽(suramate)、丹寧酸鹽、酒石酸鹽、茶氯酸鹽、甲苯磺酸鹽、三乙基碘化物及戊酸鹽。
術語「單價金屬陽離子」係指帶正電之原子元素(具有比電子多的質子之原子,因為其損失電子)。金屬陽離子之實例包括(但不限於)
週期表之單價金屬及類金屬。此等金屬陽離子包括單價鹼金屬,諸如Li、K、Na、Rb或Cs;單價過渡金屬,諸如Cu、Au或Ag。
術語「立體異構體」係指具有相同原子數量及類型且彼等原子之間共用相同鍵連通性,但三維結構不同之化合物組。術語「立體異構體」係指此組化合物之任何成員。
術語「非對映異構體」係指無法藉由圍繞單鍵旋轉可重疊製得之立體異構體組。舉例而言,雙環系統上之順式及反式雙鍵、內取代及外取代及含有多個具有不同相對組態之立體對稱中心之化合物視為非對映異構體。術語「非對映異構體」係指此組化合物之任何成員。在所呈現之一些實例中,合成途徑可產生單一非對映體或非對映異構體混合物。在一些情況下,此等非對映體分離,且在其他情況下,波浪鍵用於指示其中組態為可變的結構元件。
術語「對映異構體」係指為彼此之不可重疊鏡像之立體異構體對。術語「對映異構體」係指此立體異構體對之單一成員。術語「外消旋」係指對映異構體對之1:1混合物。
術語「互變異構體」係指具有相同原子數量及類型,但鍵連通性不同且彼此平衡之化合物組。「互變異構體」為此組化合物之單一成員。典型地,繪製單一互變異構體,但應理解,此單一結構意謂表示可能存在之所有可能的互變異構體。實例包括烯醇-酮互變異構。當繪製酮時,應理解,烯醇及酮形式均為本發明之一部分。
「個體」為哺乳動物,例如人類、小鼠、大鼠、天竺鼠、犬、貓、馬、牛、豬或非人類靈長類動物,諸如猴子、黑猩猩、狒狒或恆河猴。
當與化合物一起使用時,「有效量」為對於在如本文所描述之個體中治療或預防疾病有效之量。
如本發明中所使用之術語「載劑」涵蓋載劑、賦形劑及稀釋
劑,且意謂材料、組合物或媒劑,諸如液體或固體填充劑、稀釋劑、賦形劑、溶劑或封裝材料,涉及將醫藥劑自個體身體之一個器官或部分攜載或輸送至身體之另一器官或部分。
關於個體之術語「治療」係指改善個體之病症之至少一個症狀。治療包括治癒、改善或至少部分減輕病症。
除非另外指示,否則術語「病症」在本發明中用於意謂術語疾病、病況或疾病且其可與該等術語互換使用。
如本發明中所使用之術語「投與(administer)」、「投與(administering)」或「投與(administration)」係指向個體直接投與所揭示之化合物或所揭示之化合物或組合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽,或向個體投與該化合物之前藥衍生物或類似物或該化合物或組合物之醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其可在個體身體內形成當量活性化合物。
如本發明中所使用之術語「前藥」意謂可藉由代謝手段(例如藉由水解)活體內轉化成所揭示之化合物的化合物。此外,如本文所使用,前藥為體內非活性,但典型地在自胃腸道吸收期間或在自胃腸道吸收之後在體內轉化成活性化合物的藥物。在體內將前藥轉化成活性化合物可以化學或生物(亦即,使用酶)方式進行。
及其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、前藥、溶劑合物、水合物、互變異構體或立體異構體,其中R1、R2、L1、L2、X、Y及Y'為上文所描述。
在式I化合物之一個實施例中,R1為芳基或雜芳基,其中之每一者經一或多個選自由OH、鹵素、OR10、SH、SR10、NH2、NHR10及NHCOR10組成之群的取代基取代。
在另一實施例中,其中R1為經一個選自由OH、OR10、SH、SR10、NH2、NHR10及NHCOR10組成之群的取代基取代之芳基。
在式I化合物之另一實施例中,Y及Y'為氫。
在式I化合物之另一實施例中,Y及Y'為鹵素。在式I化合物之其他實施例中,Y及Y'為氟。
在化合物之另一實施例中,L2為一鍵。
在式I化合物之另一實施例中,n為1。
在式I化合物之另一實施例中,n為2。
在式I化合物之又一實施例中,R2為視情況經一或多個鹵素、OH、OR10、CN、NH2、NHR10、N(R10)(R10')、SH、SR10、SOR10、SO2R10、SO2NHR10、SO2N(R10)(R10')、CONH2、CONR10、CON(R10)(R10')取代之苯基。
在另一實施例中,R2為經一或多個鹵素取代之苯基。
在式I化合物之另一實施例中,L1為經一或多個選自由OH、OR10、NH2、NHR10及N(R10)(R10')組成之群的取代基取代之分支鏈C1-C5烷基,限制條件為不超過一個氧或氮連接至L1之任何碳。
在式I化合物之另一實施例中,L1為經一或多個選自由OH、OR10、NH2、NHR10及N(R10)(R10')組成之群的取代基取代之直鏈C1-C5烷基,限制條件為不超過一個氧或氮連接至L1之任何碳。
本發明之其他實施例係關於式I化合物,其中L1為經OH取代之直鏈或分支鏈C1-C5烷基。
在式I化合物之一些實施例中,L1為-C(O)-C1-C3伸烷基-。
在式I化合物之其他實施例中,L2為未經取代之直鏈或分支鏈C1-
C5烷基。
在式I化合物之一些實施例中,L2為-CH2-。
又在其他實施例中,本發明描述式I化合物,其中X為O。
在式I化合物之一些實施例中,X為S。
在其他實施例中,本發明係關於式I化合物,其中R1為芳基或雜芳基,兩者均視情況經一或多個選自由OH及鹵素組成之群的取代基取代。
在式I化合物之其他實施例中,R1為經OH及鹵素取代之苯基。
在式I化合物之又一實施例中,R1為經OH及鹵素取代之雙環雜芳基。
在一些實施例中,本發明實際上包括式I化合物,其中任何氫原子可經氘原子置換。
在其他實施例中,亦描述式I化合物之互變異構體。
其中:A、B、C、D及E獨立地為N或CRx;-------為視情況存在之雙鍵;X為CH或C;U為OH或O;Y及Y'獨立地為H、鹵素或C1-C6烷基;R3為H;
各Rx獨立地為H、C1-C6烷基、鹵素、-OH、-NHS(O)2R10或-OC1-C6烷基;及L2為一鍵或(CH2)n,其中n為1或2。
其中:A、B、C、D及E獨立地為N或CRx;-------為視情況存在之雙鍵;X為CH或C;U為OH或O;Y及Y'獨立地為H、鹵素或C1-C6烷基;R3為H;各Rx獨立地為H、C1-C6烷基、鹵素、-OH、-NHS(O)2R10或-OC1-C6烷基;及L2為(CH2)n,其中n為0、1或2。
A、B、C、D及E獨立地為N或CRx;-------為視情況存在之雙鍵;
X為CH或C;U為OH或O;Y及Y'獨立地為H、鹵素或C1-C6烷基;R3為H;各Rx獨立地為H、C1-C6烷基、鹵素、-OH、-NHS(O)2R10或-OC1-C6烷基;及L2為一鍵或(CH2)n,其中n為1或2。
其中:-------為視情況存在之雙鍵,其允許A環部分或完全飽和;E獨立地為N或CRx;T為O、S、NRy、C=O或C(Rx)n;V為O、S、N、NRy、C=O或C(Rx)n;各W獨立地選自O、S、C=O、N、NRy或C(Rx)n;X為CH或C;U為OH或O;Y及Y'獨立地為H、鹵素或C1-C6烷基;R3為H;各Rx獨立地為H、C1-C6烷基、鹵素、-OH或-OC1-C6烷基;Ry為H或C1-6烷基;L2為一鍵或(CH2)n;及
各n獨立地為1或2。
在本發明之另一實施例中,式I化合物為對映異構體。在一些實施例中,化合物為(R)-對映異構體。在其他實施例中,化合物亦可為(S)-對映異構體。在又其他實施例中,式I化合物可為(+)或(-)對映異構體。
本發明之另一實施例為rac-4-(1-羥基-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯酚或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為6-((S)-1-羥基-2-((3aR,5R,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為6-((R)-1-羥基-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為rac-6-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為6-((S)-2-((3aR,5R,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受
之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為6-((R)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為rac-6-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
本發明之另一實施例為6-((S)-2-((3aR,5R,6aS)-5-((2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在另一態樣中,本發明係針對一種在個體中治療神經疾病及異常腦功能及/或情緒障礙之方法。在一些實施例中,該方法包含向有需要之個體投與有效量之根據式I之化合物(包括本文所描述之式I之實施例中之任一者)。該方法亦可包含向有需要之個體投與如本文所描述之式I化合物之醫藥組合物。
在一實施例中,本發明係關於選擇性地調節含有NR2B次單元之NMDA受體之活性的化合物,其涵蓋含有兩個NR2B次單元或一個NR2B次單元以及一個其他NR2次單元之受體(亦即,NR2A/NR2B、NR2B/NR2C或NR2B/NR2D受體)。本發明亦關於此類化合物之治療用途。
調節含有NR2B之NMDA受體之活性的本發明之化合物之一個治療用途為治療患有重度抑鬱症(Major Depressive Disorder,MDD或抑鬱症)之患者。抑鬱症為長期經歷悲傷、絕望或無價值感達到明顯削弱生活品質及功能能力之程度,現在通常用選擇性血清素再吸收抑制劑(SSRI),諸如百憂解(Prozac)、左洛複(Zoloft)及較新變化形式來治
療重度抑鬱症,但此等藥劑有效性有限。一個關注點為即使當此等藥物有效時,起始作用時間可能延遲4-6週或4-6週以上,在此期間患者處於較高自殺風險下。因此,食品與藥物管理局(Food and Drug Administration)已在所有抗抑鬱劑上插入關於自殺風險之黑匣子警告。需要具有較大抗抑鬱功效及較快起始作用時間之新穎的藥劑。
在一些實施例中,神經疾病選自帕金森氏病、亨廷頓氏病、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化、多發性硬化症或癲癇症。
調節含有NR2B之NMDA受體之活性的本發明之化合物之另一治療用途為治療患有阿茲海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)之患者。
在一或多個實施例中,異常腦功能選自自閉症及自閉症譜系障礙、X脆折症候群、結節性硬化症、唐氏症候群或其他形式之智力遲鈍。
情緒障礙可選自雙極性疾患、強迫症或其他焦慮病症。其他焦慮病症包括一般焦慮症、社交焦慮症、恐懼症及恐慌症。
本發明之化合物之另一治療用途為治療精神分裂症。精神分裂症為致人衰弱的精神障礙,其包涵三種症狀區域:陽性(幻覺、妄想)、陰性(回避)及認知(認知能力普遍下降)。精神分裂症典型地伴隨陽性症狀出現而在成人期早期發作;然而,其為在症狀初次發作之後阻止患者恢復正常活動之慢性認知缺陷且很大程度上引起終身殘疾。
考慮到含有NR2B之NMDA受體在腦功能中之基本作用(參見前文),調節含有NR2B之NMDA受體之活性的本發明之化合物存在許多其他治療用途。本發明之化合物可在患有除精神分裂症外之認知缺陷之個體(包括(但不限於)患有阿茲海默氏病之彼等者)中改善認知功能。此類化合物亦可用於治療創傷後壓力症候群。本發明之化合物可用於治療患有神經功能障礙之個體,包括(但不限於)患有帕金森氏病、亨廷頓氏病、肌肉萎縮性側索硬化、多發性硬化症及癲癇症之彼等者。本發明之化合物可用於治療患有除抑鬱症外之情緒病症之個
體,包括(但不限於)患有雙極性疾患、強迫症及其他焦慮病症之彼等者。本發明之化合物可用於治療經歷由異常大腦發育引起之功能障礙之個體,包括(但不限於)患有自閉症及自閉症譜系障礙、X脆折症候群、結節性硬化症、唐氏症候群及其他形式之智力遲鈍的彼等者。此類化合物亦可用於治療由中樞神經系統感染、曝露於毒劑或其他異種生物素或天然存在之毒素產生之異常腦功能。
本發明之化合物亦可改善諸如阿茲海默氏病、輕度認知障礙、額顯葉型癡呆、多梗塞性癡呆中之認知功能障礙或中風或創傷性腦損傷後出現之認知功能障礙,且可適用於治療此等病況。
本發明之化合物亦可適用於治療疼痛,諸如神經性疼痛、神經或脊髓損傷後疼痛、組織損傷或燒傷後疼痛或糖尿病或心血管疾病相關疼痛。
本發明之化合物亦可適用於治療抑鬱症(抑鬱症相關神經變性疾病),如帕金森氏病(PD)及阿茲海默氏病。
可投與有效量之所揭示之化合物以治療或預防障礙及/或預防其在個體中之發展。
投與所揭示之化合物可經由治療劑之任何模式之投與實現。此等模式包括全身性或局部投與,諸如經口、經鼻、非經腸、經皮、皮下、經陰道、經頰、經直腸或局部投與模式。其他投與模式包括舌下、吸入及肌肉內。
視預期投與模式而定,所揭示之組合物可為固體、半固體或液體劑型,諸如可注射劑、錠劑、栓劑、丸劑、定時釋放膠囊、酏劑、酊劑、乳劑、糖漿劑、散劑、液體、懸浮液、氣霧劑、經口可分散性膜或其類似者,有時呈單元劑量形式且與習知醫藥慣例一致。類似地,其亦可以靜脈內(團注及輸注兩者)、腹膜內、皮下或肌肉內形式投與,且所有使用形式均為熟習醫藥技術者所熟知。
說明性醫藥組合物為包含本發明之化合物及醫藥學上可接受之載劑之錠劑及明膠及/或HPMC膠囊,載劑諸如a)稀釋劑,例如純化水、三酸甘油酯油(諸如經氫化或部分氫化之植物油或其混合物)、玉米油、橄欖油、葵花油、紅花油、魚油(諸如EPA或DHA或其酯或甘油三酯或其混合物)、ω-3脂肪酸或其衍生物、乳糖、右旋糖、蔗糖、甘露糖醇、山梨糖醇、纖維素、鈉、糖精、葡萄糖及/或甘胺酸;b)潤滑劑,例如二氧化矽、滑石、硬脂酸、其鎂或鈣鹽、油酸鈉、硬脂酸鈉、硬脂酸鎂、苯甲酸鈉、乙酸鈉、氯化鈉及/或聚乙二醇;對於錠劑亦諸如c)黏合劑,例如矽酸鎂鋁、澱粉糊、明膠、黃蓍膠、甲基纖維素、羧甲基纖維素鈉、碳酸鎂、天然糖(諸如葡萄糖或β-乳糖)、玉米甜味劑、天然及合成樹膠(諸如阿拉伯膠)、黃蓍膠或海藻酸鈉、蠟及/或聚乙烯吡咯啶酮;必要時d)崩解劑,例如澱粉、瓊脂、甲基纖維素、膨潤土、黃原膠、褐藻酸或其鈉鹽或起泡混合物;e)吸收劑、著色劑、調味劑及甜味劑;f)乳化劑或分散劑,諸如Tween 80、拉布拉索(Labrasol)、HPMC、DOSS、己醯基909、拉布拉法克(labrafac)、拉布拉菲爾(labrafil)、油酸甘油酯(peceol)、二乙二醇單乙醚(transcutol)、坎普木爾(capmul)MCM、坎普木爾PG-12、卡普特克斯(captex)355、格魯瑟(gelucire)、維生素E TGPS或其他可接受之乳化劑;及/或g)增強化合物吸收之藥劑,諸如環糊精、羥丙基-環糊精、PEG400、PEG200。
液體,尤其可注射組合物可例如藉由溶解、分散等製備。舉例而言,使所揭示之化合物溶解於醫藥學上可接受之溶劑,諸如水、鹽水、右旋糖水溶液、甘油、乙醇及其類似物中或與其混合,從而形成可注射等張溶液或懸浮液。諸如白蛋白、乳糜微粒粒子或血清蛋白質之蛋白質可用於溶解所揭示之化合物。
所揭示之化合物亦可調配為可自脂肪乳劑或懸浮液製備之栓
劑;使用聚伸烷基二醇(諸如丙二醇)作為載劑。
所揭示之化合物亦可以脂質體遞送系統,諸如單層小微脂粒、單層大微脂粒及多層微脂粒形式投與。脂質體可由多種磷脂(含有膽固醇、十八胺或磷脂醯膽鹼)形成。在一些實施例中,脂質組分之膜與藥物水溶液水合成封裝藥物之形式脂質層,如美國專利第5,262,564號中所描述。
所揭示之化合物亦可藉由使用與所揭示之化合物偶合之單株抗體作為個別載劑來遞送。所揭示之化合物亦可與作為靶向藥物載劑之可溶性聚合物偶合。此類聚合物可包括經軟脂醯基殘基取代之聚乙烯吡咯啶酮、哌喃共聚物、聚羥基丙基甲基丙烯醯胺-酚、聚羥乙基天冬胺醯基醯胺酚或聚乙烯氧聚離胺酸。此外,所揭示之化合物可與一類適用於實現藥物之控制釋放之生物可降解聚合物偶合,該等聚合物例如聚乳酸、聚ε己內酯、聚羥基丁酸、聚原酸酯、聚縮醛、聚二氫哌喃、聚氰基丙烯酸酯及水凝膠之交聯或兩性嵌段共聚物。在一個實施例中,所揭示之化合物並不共價結合至聚合物,例如聚羧酸聚合物或聚丙烯酸酯。
非經腸可注射投與通常用於皮下、肌肉內或靜脈內注射及輸注。可以習知形式製備可注射劑,呈適用於在注射前溶解於液體中之液體溶液或懸浮液或固體形式。
可分別根據習知混合、成粒或塗佈方法製備組合物,且本發明醫藥組合物可含有約0.1重量或體積%至約99重量或體積%,約5重量或體積%至約90重量或體積%,或約1重量或體積%至約20重量或體積%之所揭示之化合物。
根據多種因素選擇利用所揭示之化合物之給藥方案,該等因素包括患者之類型、物種、壽命、體重、性別及醫學病況;待治療病況之嚴重程度;投與途徑;患者之腎或肝功能;及所採用之特定所揭示
之化合物。熟習此項技術之一般醫師或獸醫可容易地確定及開立用於預防、對抗或阻止病況進展所需之藥物的有效量。
當用於所指示之作用時,所揭示之化合物之有效劑量在約0.5mg至約5000mg所揭示之化合物範圍內,如治療病況所需。活體內或活體外用途之組合物可含有約0.5、5、20、50、75、100、150、250、500、750、1000、1250、2500、3500或5000mg所揭示之化合物,或在劑量清單中之一個量至另一量範圍內。在一個實施例中,組合物呈可劃分之錠劑形式。
根據前述內容,在另一態樣中,本發明係關於適用作例如用於治療或預防神經疾病、異常腦功能或情緒障礙(其中NR2B調節發揮作用)的藥物之本發明之化合物。在另一實施例中,本發明係關於適用於治療NR2B之負向異位調節或抑制介導之疾病或病症的本發明之化合物。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為重度抑鬱症、難治性及/或抗治療性抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為ADHD。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為雙極性疾患。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為創傷後壓力症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為與神經變性疾病(諸如帕金森氏病(PD)或阿茲海默氏病(AD))相關的抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為神經性疼痛、肌肉纖維疼痛或周邊神經病。
在另一態樣中,本發明係關於本發明之化合物作為例如用於治療或預防神經疾病、異常腦功能或情緒障礙(其中NR2B調節發揮作用)之藥物中之有效藥劑成份之用途。在另一實施例中,本發明係關於本發明之化合物作為用於治療或預防NR2B之負向異位調節或抑制介導之疾病或病症的藥物中之有效藥劑成份之用途。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為重度抑鬱症、難治性及/或抗治療性抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為ADHD。在另一實施例中,該疾病或
病症為雙極性疾患。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為創傷後壓力症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為與神經變性疾病(諸如帕金森氏病(PD)或阿茲海默氏病(AD))相關的抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為神經性疼痛、肌肉纖維疼痛或周邊神經病。
在另一態樣中,本發明係關於本發明之化合物之用途,其用於製造供治療或預防神經疾病、異常腦功能或情緒障礙(其中NR2B調節發揮作用)用之藥物。在另一實施例中,本發明係關於本發明之化合物之用途,其用於製造供治療或預防NR2B之負向異位調節或抑制介導之疾病或病症用之藥物。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為重度抑鬱症、難治性及/或抗治療性抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為ADHD。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為雙極性疾患。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為創傷後壓力症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為與神經變性疾病(諸如帕金森氏病(PD)及阿茲海默氏病(AD))相關的抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為神經性疼痛、肌肉纖維疼痛或周邊神經病。
在另一態樣中,本發明係關於一種在需要此類治療或預防之個體中治療或預防神經疾病、異常腦功能或情緒障礙(其中NR2B調節發揮作用)的方法,該方法包含向此類個體投與有效量之本發明之化合物。在一個實施例中,本發明係關於一種在個體中治療NR2B之負向異位調節或抑制介導之疾病或病症的方法,其中該方法包含向該個體投與治療有效量之本發明之化合物。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為重度抑鬱症、難治性及/或抗治療性抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為ADHD。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為雙極性疾患。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為創傷後壓力症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為與神經變性疾病(諸如帕金森氏病(PD)及阿茲海默氏病(AD))相關的抑鬱症。在另一實施例中,該疾病或病症為神經性疼痛、肌肉纖維疼痛或周邊神經病。
本發明之化合物可以單獨有效藥劑成份或與至少一種例如在治療或預防神經疾病、異常腦功能或情緒障礙(其中NR2B調節發揮作用)方面有效之其他有效藥劑成份之組合形式投與。此類醫藥組合可呈單位劑型形式,該單位劑型包含預定量之各至少兩種活性組分以及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之載劑或稀釋劑。或者,醫藥組合可呈分別包含至少兩種活性組分之封裝形式,例如適用於伴隨或獨立投與至少兩種活性組分之封裝或分配器裝置,其中該等活性組分獨立配置。在另一態樣中,本發明係關於此類醫藥組合。
在另一態樣中,因此,本發明係關於包含用於同時或依序投與之治療有效量之本發明之化合物及第二原料藥的醫藥組合。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供包含本發明之化合物及至少一種其他治療劑之產物作為用於在療法中同時、單獨或依序使用之組合製劑。在一個實施例中,該療法為治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供一種包含本發明之化合物及另一治療劑之醫藥組合物。如上文所描述,醫藥組合物視情況可包含醫藥學上可接受之賦形劑。
在一個實施例中,本發明提供一種套組,其包含兩種或兩種以上各別醫藥組合物,其中之至少一者含有本發明之化合物。在一個實施例中,該套組包含用於分別保留該等組合物之構件,諸如容器、分隔瓶或分隔箔片封包。此類套組之一個實例為泡殼封裝,如典型地用於錠劑、膠囊及其類似物之封裝。本發明之套組可用於投與不同劑型(例如經口及非經腸),用於在不同給藥時間間隔投與各別組合物,或用於相對於彼此滴定各別組合物。為輔助順應性,本發明之套組典型地包含用於投與之指導。
在本發明之組合療法中,本發明之化合物及另一治療劑可由相
同或不同製造商製造及/或調配。此外,本發明之化合物及另一治療劑可在以下情況中結合為組合療法:(i)在將組合產品交給醫師之前(例如在套組包含本發明之化合物及另一治療劑之情況下);(ii)由醫師本人(或在醫師指導下)在投與之前不久;(iii)由患者本人,例如在依序投與本發明之化合物及另一治療劑期間。因此,本發明提供本發明之藥劑,其適用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況,其中製備藥物以便與另一治療劑一起投與。本發明亦提供另一治療劑之用途,其用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況,其中藥物與本發明之化合物一起投與。
本發明亦提供本發明之化合物,其適用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況之方法中,其中製備本發明之化合物以便與另一治療劑一起投與。本發明亦提供另一治療劑,其適用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況之方法中,其中製備另一治療劑以便與本發明之化合物一起投與。本發明亦提供本發明之化合物,其適用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況之方法中,其中本發明之化合物與另一治療劑一起投與。本發明亦提供另一治療劑,其適用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況之方法中,其中另一治療劑與本發明之化合物一起投與。
本發明亦提供本發明之藥劑之用途,其用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用之疾病或病況,其中患者先前(例如在24小時內)已用另一治療劑治療。本發明亦提供另一治療劑之用途,其用於治療其中NR2B調節發揮作用疾病或病況,其中患者先前(例如在24小時內)已用本發明之化合物治療。
在一個實施例中,本發明係關於本發明之化合物與另一治療劑之組合,其中該另一治療劑選自:(a)鋰;
(b)刺激劑,諸如安非他明(amphetamine)及右旋苯丙胺(dextroamphetamine)、(AdderallTM)或哌甲酯(RitalinTM);(c)乙醯膽鹼酯酶抑制劑,諸如多奈哌齊(donepezil)(AriceptTM)、雷斯替明(rivastigmine)(ExelonTM)及加蘭他敏(galantamine)(RazadyneTM);(d)針對之低情緒及易怒之抗抑鬱劑藥物,諸如西它普蘭(citalopram)(CelexaTM)、氟西汀(fluoxetine)(ProzacTM)、帕羅西汀(paroxetine)(PaxilTM)、舍曲林(sertraline)(ZoloftTM)、曲唑酮(trazodone)(DesyrelTM);及三環抗抑鬱劑,諸如阿米曲替林(amitriptyline)(ElavilTM);(e)針對之焦慮症、坐立不安、口頭破壞性行為及抗性之抗焦慮劑,諸如勞拉西泮(lorazepam)(AtivanTM)及奧沙西泮(oxazepam)(SeraxTM);(f)針對幻覺、妄想、攻擊行為、精神激動、不友善及不合作之抗精神病藥物,諸如阿立哌唑(aripiprazole)(AbilifyTM)、氯氮平(clozapine)(ClozarilTM)、氟哌啶醇(haloperidol)(HaldolTM)、奧氮平(olanzapine)(ZyprexaTM)、喹硫平(quetiapine)(SeroquelTM)、利培酮(risperidone)(RisperdalTM)及齊拉西酮(ziprasidone)(GeodonTM);(g)情緒穩定劑,諸如卡馬西平(carbamazepine)(TegretolTM)及雙丙戊酸鈉(divalproex)(DepakoteTM);(h)普瑞巴林(pregabalin);(i)加巴噴丁(gabapentin)(NeurontinTM);(j)多巴胺促效劑,諸如L-DOPA、普拉克索(pramipexole)(MirapexTM)及羅匹尼羅(ropinerol)(RequipTM);(k)鎮痛劑,包括鴉片劑及非鴉片劑;(k)卡比多巴(carbidopa);
(l)曲普坦(triptan),諸如舒馬曲普坦(sumatriptan)(ImitrexTM)及佐米曲普坦(zolmitriptan)(ZomigTM);(m)菸鹼α-7促效劑;(n)mGluR5拮抗劑;(o)H3促效劑;(p)澱粉狀蛋白療法疫苗;及(q)化學療法藥劑。
適用於製得式I、式Ia、式Ib、式Ic及式Id之N-烷基芳基-5-氧基芳基-八氫-環戊并[c]吡咯衍生物之合成路徑之實例闡述於以下實例中且概括於以下流程中。
藉由以下實例及合成流程進一步說明本發明,其不應解釋為在範疇或精神中將本發明限於本文所描述之特定程序。應理解,提供該等實例以說明某些實施例,且不意欲從而限制本發明之範疇。應進一步理解,可採用多種其他實施例、變體及其等效形式,熟習此項技術者可在不偏離本發明之精神及/或隨附申請專利範圍之範疇的情況下想到該等其他實施例、變體及其等效形式。
在許多實例及中間物中,所呈現之分子中存在對稱面,產生非對掌性內消旋化合物。然而,所描述之基團之間存在相對立體化學。舉例而言,(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮)具有指定有絕對組態名稱之核心結構。此命名法用於描述芳基醚相對於橋頭氫之相對組態。在此實例中,取代基相對於雙環系統之較大吡咯啶環為外向的。相反地,(1-(4-羥基苯基)-2-((3aR,5R,6aS)-5-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮)描述相反組態,其中氧取代基相對於吡咯啶環為內向的且在橋頭氫之相對側上。應理解,當可存在多個立體異構體時,所有均包括在本發明之範疇內。
在任何取代基亦含有立體對稱中心之情況下,化合物變為對掌性的且吾等使用指定符「rac」來指示此等實例之外消旋混合物之合成。應理解,單一對映異構體可與此混合物分離且包括在本發明之範疇內。
LCMS測試設備及方法
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Kinetex C18(50mm×2.1mm×1.7μm)
移動相(A):0.01% TFA/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.3mL/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Eclipse XDB-C18(150mm×4.6mm×3.5μm)
移動相(A):0.01% NH4OH
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:1.0mL/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Zorbax XDB C18(150mm×4.6mm×3.5μm)
移動相(A):0.01% NH4OH
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:1.0mL/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Accentis Express(50mm×4.6mm×2.7μm)
移動相(A):0.01%甲酸/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.5ml/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 RRHD(50mm×2.1mm×1.8μm)
移動相(A):0.01% TFA/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.3mL/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Gemini(50mm×3mm×3μm)
移動相(A):0.01%甲酸/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.5ml/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Gemini C18(50mm×3.0mm×3μm)
移動相(A):0.01% TFA/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.5ml/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:XTERRA C18(250mm×4.6mm×5μm)
移動相(A):氨水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:1.0mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Kinetex C18(50mm×2.1mm×2.6μm)
移動相(A):0.01%乙酸/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.3mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Kinetex C18(100mm×4.6mm×2.1μm)
移動相(A):0.01% TFA/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.7mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Kinetex C18(100mm×4.6mm×2.6μm)
移動相(A):0.01% TFA/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.7mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Denali C18(50mm×2.1m×5μm)
移動相(A):0.01% NH4OH
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.7mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Zorbax RRHD C18(50mm×2.1mm×1.8μm)
移動相(A):0.01%乙酸/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.3mL/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Xbridge C18(250mm×4.6mm×5μm)
移動相(A):0.01% TFA/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:1.0mL/min
儀器:Waters 2695
管柱:Ascentis Express C18(50mm×2.1mm×2.7μm)
移動相(A):0.01%甲酸/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.5mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Kinetex C18(50mm×2.1mm×1.7μm)
移動相(A):水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.3mL/min
儀器:Agilent 1290 Infinity
管柱:Kinetex C18(50mm×2.1mm×1.7μm)
移動相(A):5mM乙酸胺/水
移動相(B):乙腈
流動速率:0.3mL/min
儀器:Waters Acquity SDS
操作時間:5.20min
管柱:ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18,130Å,1.7μm,2.1mm×50mm-50℃
移動相(A):水+0.1%甲酸
移動相(B):乙腈+0.1%甲酸
製備型SFC
管柱:AD-H 250×21mm
流動速率:80g每分鐘
共溶劑:35% EtOH 10mM NH4OH偵測:207nm
ABPR 100
化合物1可購自市售供應商。其亦可基於PCT國際申請案2014048865或PCT國際申請案2013091539之流程1合成。
在0℃下向(3aR,6aS)-5-側氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(9.5g,36.63mmol)於乙醇(300mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(11.8g,310.52mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物3小時且濃縮。殘餘物用水(300mL)稀釋且用二氯甲烷(500mL×3)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由對掌性HPLC管柱層析(分析條件:管柱:CHIRALPAK IA(250mm×4.6mm×5μm),移動相:正己烷:0.1% DEA/乙醇(50:50),流動速率:1.0mL/min)純化粗物質,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5r,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(7.2g,75%產率,主要異構體2)。M+H計算值:262.32;M+H實驗值:262.1。
在純化期間,亦分離得到呈無色液體狀之次要異構體2A(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.65g,6.8%產率)。
使用結晶方法將主要異構體與次要異構體分離。在75℃下將乙酸乙酯(180mL)逐份添加至非對映異構體(42g,16.09mmol)於己烷(400mL)中之混合物中。在相同溫度下在攪拌下加熱混合物直至所有固體溶解。隨後,在75℃下將混合物濃縮至初始體積之三分之一,接種可靠的產物且在室溫下保持再結晶持續15小時。過濾結晶產物,用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷(200mL)洗滌且乾燥,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物2(36g,98.5%對掌性純度)。此物質再次使用以上條件,自乙酸乙酯-己烷再結晶,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5r,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(34g,99.5%對掌性純度)。
在0℃下向(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.6g,2.298mmol)於四氫呋喃(20mL)中之溶液中添加3,4-二氟苯酚(0.6g,4.59mmol)、三苯基膦(0.66g,2.528mmol)及偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(0.54mL,3.44mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物18小時且濃縮。隨後,藉由combiflash純化器,使用20%-25%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗產物,得到呈淡黃色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.34g,39.67%產率)。M+H計算值:374.39;M+H實驗值:374.2。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.34g,0.911mmol)於乙醇(5mL)中之溶液中添加10% Pd/C(0.1g,50%濕潤)。在室溫下在氫氣氛圍下攪拌反應混合物3小時。經由矽藻土過濾懸浮液且用甲醇洗滌床。濃縮經合併之濾液,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.2g,粗產物)。M+H計算值:240.26;M+H實驗值:240.1。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.2g,0.878mmol)於乙腈(10mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(0.36g,2.63mmol),繼而添加2-溴-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.18g,0.878mmol)。在室溫下攪拌所得懸浮液3小時。過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液。藉由combiflash純化器,使用3%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.28g,85.36%產率)。M+H計算值:374.39;M+H實驗值:374.2。
在0℃下向2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.25g,0.672mmol)於乙醇(5mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(0.25g,6.72mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物3小時且濃縮。殘餘物用水(50mL)稀釋且用二氯甲烷(100mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由combiflash純化器,使用4%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化粗產物,得到呈
白色固體狀之標題化合物rac-4-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(3,4-二氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)苯酚(0.12g,48.0%產率)。M+H計算值:376.41;M+H實驗值:376.2。
在0℃下向5-羥基吡啶甲酸(1.0g,7.18mmol)於二氯甲烷(70mL)及催化N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(0.2mL)中之懸浮液中緩慢添加乙二醯氯(1.25mL,14.37mmol),使所得懸浮液升溫至室溫且回流持續16小時。使混合物冷卻至室溫且在真空下濃縮,得到標題化合物5-羥基甲基吡啶醯氯(1.1g,粗產物),其不經進一步純化即原樣用於下一步驟。
在0℃下向5-羥基甲基吡啶醯氯(1.1g,7.18mmol,粗產物)於二氯甲烷:四氫呋喃混合物(1:1,50mL)中之懸浮液中緩慢添加三甲基矽烷基重氮甲烷(9.5mL,19.04mmol,2M於己烷中),且在室溫下攪拌
反應混合物2小時。使反應混合物冷卻至0℃且添加氫溴酸水溶液(47%,3mL,19.04mmol)。使反應混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌2小時。過濾所形成之固體,用二氯甲烷、乙醚洗滌,且乾燥以獲得呈淡棕色固體狀之標題化合物2-溴-1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)乙酮(0.6g,粗產物)。M+H計算值:215.96;M+H實驗值:216.0。
在0℃下向1-(3-氟-4-羥基苯基)乙酮(2.0g,12.98mmol)於含33%氫溴酸之乙酸(200mL)中之懸浮液中添加溴(0.53mL,10.389mmol)於20mL含33%氫溴酸之乙酸中之溶液,且在相同溫度下攪拌3小時。用冰水(100mL)稀釋反應混合物且用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用3%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物2-溴-1-(3-氟-4-羥基苯基)乙酮(1.5g,49.66%產率)。M+H計算值:232.95;M+H實驗值:233.0。
在0℃下向2-氟吡啶-3-醇(1g,8.842mmol)及乙酸鈉(0.72g,8.842mmol)於乙酸(10mL)中之溶液中添加溴(0.23mL,8.842mmol),且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物4小時。將溶液倒入冰中,使用2N氫氧化鈉溶液將pH調節至6,且用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析(10%乙酸乙酯/己烷)純化以獲得呈無色液體狀之標題化合物6-溴-2-氟吡啶-3-醇(0.5g,30%產率)。計算值(M+H):193;實驗值(M+1):193.9
向6-溴-2-氟吡啶-3-醇(0.5g,2.604mmol)於四氫呋喃(20mL)中之溶液中添加三乙胺(0.54mL,3.906mmol),且使反應混合物冷卻至0℃。逐滴添加氯三異丙基矽烷(0.73mL,3.385mmol),且在室溫下攪拌溶液2小時。反應混合物用水(30mL)稀釋且用乙酸乙酯(50ml×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析(5%乙酸乙酯/己烷)純化以獲得呈無色液體狀之標題化合物6-溴-2-氟-3-((三異丙基矽烷基)氧基)吡啶(0.8g,87%產率)。計算值(M+H):348.07;實驗值(M+1):348.1。
向6-溴-2-氟-3-((三異丙基矽烷基)氧基)吡啶(0.4g,1.148mmol)及三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫烷(0.43mL,1.263mmol)於甲苯中之溶液吹掃氬氣10分鐘。添加肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0),且在100℃加熱反應混合物18小時。溶液經由矽藻土過濾且濃縮濾液,得到呈淡棕色膠狀之標題化合物6-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-2-氟-3-((三異丙基矽烷基)氧基)吡啶(0.36g,粗產物)。計算值(M+H):340.5;實驗值(M+1):340.2
向6-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-2-氟-3-((三異丙基矽烷基)氧基)吡啶(8.46g,24.93mmol)於四氫呋喃:水(280ml,3:1)混合物中之溶液中添加N-溴丁二醯亞胺,且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物1.5小時。反應混合物用水(150mL)稀釋且用乙酸乙酯(300mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析(40%乙酸乙酯/己烷)純化以獲得呈淡棕色膠狀之標題化合物2-溴-1-(6-氟-5-羥基吡啶-2-基)乙酮(5.5g,95%產率)。計算值(M+H):235.02;實驗值(M+1):235.9
在實例1之步驟4及步驟5中使用此等α-鹵酮以製備以下化合物。
來自步驟1之次要異構體2A亦可用於形成具有相反相對組態之化合物,如以下實例中所示。
在0℃下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.7g,6.51mmol)於四氫呋喃(12mL)中之溶液中添加4-甲氧基苯酚(0.81g,6.51mmol)、三苯基膦(1.87g,7.16mmol)及偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(1.53mL,9.76mmol)。在60℃下於微波中加熱反應混合物2小時且濃縮。隨後,藉由combiflash純化器,使用15%乙酸乙酯/二氯甲烷純化粗產物,得到呈淡棕色液體狀之標題化合物17
(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.02g,42.0%產率)。M+H計算值:368.44;M+H實驗值:368.2。
17可藉由用於製備實例1之步驟4及步驟5及實例2至4之酮之方法加工,得到1-(4-羥苯基)-2-((3aR,5r,6aS)-5-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮及rac-4-(1-羥基-2-((3aR,5r,6aS)-5-(4-甲氧基苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯酚(表2)。藉由表2中所描述之此等程序製備其他化合物。
使用替代合成途徑以製備其他實例。
在室溫下向(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(3.1g,11.87mmol)於二氯甲烷(30mL)中之溶液中添加三乙胺(3mL,23.74mmol)。使反應混合物冷卻至0℃且緩慢添加甲磺醯氯(2.03g,17.82mmol)。使所得混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌3小時。用氯
化銨飽和溶液(25mL)淬滅溶液且用二氯甲烷(200mL×3)萃取。經合併之萃取物用鹽水溶液(100mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(3g,75%)。M+H計算值:340.41;M+H實驗值:340.1。
在室溫下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.7g,2.064mmol)於乙腈(15mL)中之溶液中添加2-氟吡啶-3-醇(0.349g,3.097mmol)及碳酸銫(1.353g,4.128mmol),且在80℃下攪拌反應混合物4小時。濃縮反應混合物,殘餘物用水(100mL)稀釋且用乙酸乙酯(200mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由combiflash純化器,使用20%-25%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗產物,得到呈淡黃色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟吡啶)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.8g,粗產物)。M+H計算值:357.16;M+H實驗值:357.2。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟吡啶)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲
酯(0.8g,1.40mmol)於乙醇(40mL)中之溶液中添加10% Pd/C(50%濕潤)(0.4g),且在室溫下在氫氣氛圍下攪拌反應混合物3小時。反應混合物經由矽藻土過濾且用甲醇洗滌。濃縮經合併之濾液且乾燥,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.4g,粗產物)。M+H計算值:223.26;M+H實驗值:223.3。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.3g,1.35mmol)於乙腈(10mL)中之溶液中添加三乙胺(0.58mL,4.053mmol),繼而2-溴-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.232g,1.081mmol),且在室溫下攪拌所得懸浮液3小時。濃縮反應混合物,殘餘物用水(50mL)稀釋且用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由combiflash純化器,使用2%-3%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.13g,27%產率)。M+H計算值:357.4;M+H實驗值:357.2
在0℃下向2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.15g,0.421mmol)於甲醇(10mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(0.15g,4.21mmol),且在室溫下攪拌懸浮液3小時。濃縮反應混合物;殘餘物用水(50mL)稀釋且用二氯甲烷(100mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由combiflash純化器,使用4%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物4-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟吡啶-3-基)氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)苯酚(0.10g,66.0%產率)。M+H計算值:359.41;M+H實驗值:359.2。
向(3aR,5R,6aS)-5((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(30.35g,90mmol)於600mL乙腈中之攪拌溶液中添加苯酚(9.27g,98mmol)及碳酸銫(58.3g,179mmol)。攪拌混合物,伴隨在65℃下加熱兩小時,且經由矽藻土墊過濾。用乙腈洗滌矽藻土。合併且濃縮濾液。在用庚烷/乙酸乙酯溶離之矽膠上層析殘餘物兩次,得到20.15g(67%)(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯。LCMS[M+H]+ 338.3,1.35分鐘,方法R。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(20.08g,59.6mmol)於700mL乙醇中之經攪拌懸浮液中添加2.9g 10%鈀/碳(濕潤德固賽(degussa)類型)。將混合物脫氣、吹掃且曝露於
一個氫氣氛圍中持續1小時。添加另外2.7g 10%鈀/碳且攪拌反應混合物一小時。藉助於濕潤乙醇過濾催化劑且濃縮濾液,得到12.23g(100%)(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基八氫環戊并[c]吡咯。LCMS[M+H]+ 204.3,0.84分鐘,方法R。
於冰浴中歷經1小時以相同速率分別將2-溴-1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)乙-1-酮(8.75g,29.6mmol)於30mL DMF中及(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(8.22g,40.5mmol)於40mL DMF/2-甲基四氫呋喃(1:3)中之兩份獨立溶液添加至三乙胺(3.09mL,22.18mmol)於20mL 2-甲基四氫呋喃中之攪拌溶液中。在自開始添加攪拌1.5小時之後,用二氫磷酸鉀飽和溶液淬滅反應混合物。用二氯甲烷萃取水層。有機層用鹽水洗滌、乾燥(Na2SO4)、藉助於乙酸乙酯-乙醇經由氟羅里矽土墊過濾,且濃縮成橙色油狀物。在用二氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-EtOH溶離之矽膠上層析油狀物。
將鹽水添加至磷酸酯水溶液中。其用乙酸乙酯萃取,乾燥(N2SO4)有機層且藉助於乙酸乙酯-EtOH經由氟羅里矽土墊過濾。濃縮有機溶液直至觀測到結晶。藉由過濾收集固體且乾燥。在組合中,獲得7.19g(72%)1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙-1-酮。LCMS[M+H]+ 339.3,1.13分鐘,方法R。
向1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡
咯-2(1H)-基)乙-1-酮(7.19g,21.27mmol)及RuCl(對異丙基甲苯)[(S,S)-TsDPEN](0.541g,0.851mmol)於100mL DMF中之經攪拌之氮沖洗溶液中添加甲酸(4.01mL,106mmol)及三乙胺(5.94mL,42.5mmol)溶液。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物隔夜。用NaHCO3水溶液淬滅反應物。添加乙酸乙酯且有機相用鹽水洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)且過濾。藉助於乙酸乙酯-乙醇使濾液傳送通過氟羅里矽土墊且濃縮。殘餘物隨後在用MeOH-DCM溶離之矽膠上層析且濃縮直至觀測到結晶。藉由過濾收集固體,用庚烷、醚洗滌且乾燥。濾液濃縮得到另一產物,其經合併以得到呈固體狀之5.15g 6-((S)-1-羥基-2-((3aR,5r,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)吡啶-3-醇。藉由製備型SFC(方法S)進一步純化固體。歷經8小時用400mg Si-三胺清除劑處理所獲得之甲醇溶液,過濾且濃縮,得到4.07g(80%)6-((S)-1-羥基-2-((3aR,5r,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)吡啶-3-醇。純度>98%且發現釕含量為54ppm。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ ppm 1.66(dt,J=12.75,4.75Hz,2 H)1.83-1.94(m,2 H)2.30(dt,J=8.74,6.69Hz,2 H)2.52-2.60(m,4 H)2.65(dd,J=12.10,5.01Hz,1 H)4.60(dd,J=7.34,5.14Hz,1 H)4.80(五重峰,J=4.62Hz,1 H)4.99(br s,1 H)6.82-6.91(m,3 H)7.13(dd,J=8.56,2.81Hz,1 H)7.23-7.31(m,3 H)8.03(d,J=2.45Hz,1 H)9.67(br s,1 H);LCMS[M+H]+ 341.4,0.91分鐘,方法R
藉由x射線晶體學確證絕對立體化學。
向1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙-1-酮(0.20g,0.59mmol)及RuCl(對異丙基甲苯)[(R,R)-TsDPEN](0.015g,0.024mmol)於15mL DMF中之經攪拌氮沖洗溶液中添加甲酸(0.112mL,2.96mmol)及TEA(0.165mL,1.18mmol)溶液。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物隔夜。用NaHCO3水溶液淬滅反應物。添加乙酸乙酯且有機相用鹽水洗滌,乾燥(Na2SO4)且過濾。藉助於乙酸乙酯-乙醇使濾液傳送通過氟羅里矽土墊且濃縮。藉由製備型SFC(方法S)純化殘餘物,得到71mg(35%)6-((R)-1-羥基-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-苯氧基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)吡啶-3-醇。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 9.68(s,1H),8.02(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),7.55-7.20(m,3H),7.13(dd,J=2.8,8.5Hz,1H),6.97-6.76(m,3H),5.00(s,1H),4.81(p,J=4.6Hz,1H),4.60(t,J=5.6Hz,1H),2.79-2.44(m,5H),2.44-2.18(m,2H),2.04-1.79(m,2H),1.66(dt,J=4.6,12.7Hz,2H);LCMS[M+H]+ 341.3,0.92分鐘,方法R。
向碳酸鉀(26.9g,194mmol)於MeCN(體積:400mL)中之經攪拌懸浮液中添加2-氟苯酚(7.89mL,88mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物15分鐘,隨後向其中添加呈固體狀之(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(30g,88mmol)。在室溫下攪拌懸浮液10分鐘且在60℃下加熱隔夜,且隨後加熱額外6小時。反應物用額外乙腈(200mL)稀釋且加熱隔夜。使懸浮液冷卻至室溫,且經矽藻土塞過濾。濾液部分蒸發且用EtOAc(200mL)及水(200mL)稀釋。有機層用NaHCO3飽和溶液洗滌,經MgSO4乾燥,過濾且濃縮。將殘餘物裝載至750g Redisep管柱上且用正庚烷:EtOAc梯度(0%-40%)溶離。收集溶離份,合併且蒸發得到淡黃色油狀物,其在靜置時結晶,得到(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(22.6g;72%產率)。LC-MS:[M+H]+ 356.3,Rt=1.88分
鐘,方法R。
在氮氣下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(22.6g,60.5mmol)於乙醇(體積:400mL)中之攪拌溶液中裝入10%鈀/碳(濕潤-德固賽)(0.644g,0.605mmol;10mol%)。隨後在氫氣囊(完成若干抽空/裝入階段)下放入經攪拌懸浮液,且隨後在室溫下攪拌2小時。在N2氛圍下放入反應混合物。經由經矽藻土塞抽吸過濾移除催化劑,且真空濃縮濾液,得到呈淺黃色油狀之(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(14.2g;100%產率)。LC-MS:[M+H]+ 222.2 Rt=0.85分鐘,方法R。
溶液A:含(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(9.48g,42.9mmol)及三乙胺(3.45ml,24.74mmol)之DMF(45mL)。溶液B:含2-溴-1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)乙-1-酮(9.5g,33.0mmol)之DMF(45mL)。
在T型件混合器,繼而10mL反應環管處一起混合泵送溶液A及溶液B(在1.0ml/min)下(總計滯留時間5分鐘),且將輸出物收集到含有二氯甲烷及10% KH2PO4溶液之攪拌反應瓶中。分離兩相溶液且有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,高真空蒸發以在無高於20℃之加熱水浴之情況下儘可能多地移除溶劑。隨後將深橙色/棕色溶液裝載至較大乾燥二氧化矽塞上,且用DCM洗滌,繼而經由750g Redisep管柱,使用DCM/[EtOAc/EtOH(3:1)]梯度管柱溶離,得到呈橙色發泡體狀之2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(5-羥基
吡啶-2-基)乙-1-酮(6.7g)。LC-MS:[M+H]+ 357.3,Rt=1.08分鐘,方法R。
在N2流下使含2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)乙-1-酮(6.7g,18.8mmol)之DMF(體積:94ml)脫氣10分鐘。向反應混合物中裝入甲酸(3.55ml,94mmol)與三乙胺(5.24ml,37.6mmol)之預先形成之混合物。此後繼而裝入催化劑RuCl(對異丙基甲苯)-[(S,S-pTs-DPEN)](0.359g,0.564mmol),且在室溫下在惰性N2氛圍下攪拌反應物。在添加額外催化劑之後16小時(1mol%)(總計針對反應添加4mol%),且攪拌反應物額外7小時。反應物用NaHCO3飽和溶液淬滅且用EtOAc稀釋。有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且濃縮(40℃水浴)成深棕色粗殘餘物,將其直接裝載至乾燥二氧化矽(作為DMF濃縮物)上且沿具有DCM/MeOH(0%-30%)之330g Redisep管柱向下溶離,得到淡綠色固體。固體溶解於回流的甲基第三丁基醚(MTBE)中且熱過濾。濾液用木炭處理,過濾且蒸發,得到固體。使固體重新溶解於熱MTBE(150ml)中,繼而添加正庚烷(150mL),且再結晶隔夜,其後過濾且用正庚烷洗滌,產生灰白色固體。在真空烘箱中乾燥固體3天(在40℃下),得到6-((S)-2-((3aR,5R,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇(3.38g)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ 9.67(s,1H),8.13-7.87(m,1H),7.29(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.22-7.00(m,4H),7.00-6.77(m,1H),4.99(s,1H),4.84(q,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.60(s,1H),2.77-2.40(m,5H),2.39-2.20(m,2H),1.93(dd,J=4.3,8.8Hz,2H),1.65(dt,J=4.8,13.0Hz,2H)。LC-MS:[M+H]+ 359.4 Rt=0.93分鐘,方法R。
藉由x射線晶體學確證絕對立體化學。
在N2流下使含2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(5-羥基吡啶-2-基)乙-1-酮(0.25g,0.70mmol)之DMF(體積:1ml)脫氣10分鐘。向反應混合物中裝入甲酸(49.9ml,0.70mmol)與三乙胺(0.196ml,1.40mmol)之預先形成之混合物。此後繼而裝入催化劑RuCl(對異丙基甲苯)-[(R,R-pTs-DPEN)](13.4mg,0.021mmol),且在室溫下在惰性N2氛圍下攪拌反應物隔夜。反應物用NaHCO3飽和溶液淬滅且用EtOAc稀釋。有機層經Na2SO4乾燥,過濾且濃縮。藉由SFC(方法S)純化殘餘物,得到呈米色發泡體狀之6-((R)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(2-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-羥乙基)吡啶-3-醇(121mg,46%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ
9.69(s,1H),8.02(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),7.29(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.24-6.99(m,4H),6.99-6.80(m,1H),4.98(d,J=4.4Hz,1H),4.92-4.77(m,1H),4.60(dt,J=4.5,8.4Hz,1H),2.74-2.44(m,5H),2.42-2.18(m,2H),2.06-1.82(m,2H),1.65(dt,J=4.9,13.1Hz,2H)。LC-MS:[M+H]+ 359.4 Rt=0.99分鐘,方法R。
次要異構體2A亦可用於形成具有相反相對組態之化合物,如以下實例中所示。
在室溫下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.4g,5.364mmol)於二氯甲烷(30mL)中之溶液中添加三乙胺(2.24mL,16.091mmol)。使反應混合物冷卻至0℃且緩慢添加甲磺醯氯(1.1mL,10.727mmol)。使所得混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌3小時。溶液用冰-水(25mL)稀釋且用二氯甲烷(100mL×3)萃取。經合併之萃取物用碳酸氫鈉溶液(100mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到呈淡棕色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.8g,98.9%)。M+H計算值:340.4;M+H實驗值:340.1。
在室溫下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.5g,4.424mmol)於乙腈(20mL)中之溶液中添加4-氟苯酚(1.0g,8.849mmol)及碳酸銫(2.87g,8.849mmol)。在80℃下加熱反應混合物18小時。反應完成後(藉由TLC監測),過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液。藉由combiflash純化器,使用10%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化殘餘物,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.7g,44.58%產率)。M+H計算值:356.4;M+H實驗值:356.3。
在0℃下將Boc酸酐(2.34mL,10.2mmol)添加至4-溴-1H-吡唑(1g,6.8mmol)、三乙胺(3.3mL,23.8mmol)及4-二甲胺基吡啶(0.166g,1.36mmol)於乙腈(20mL)中之溶液中,且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物2小時。用水稀釋反應混合物且用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取。經合併之有機萃取物用水(100mL)、鹽水(100mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥且蒸發。藉由combiflash純化器,使用10%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗物質,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物4-溴-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(1.65g,98%產率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.09(s,1H),7.66(s,1H),1.65(s,9H)。
將氮氣吹掃至4-溴-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.75g,3.03mmol)及三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫烷(1.13mL,3.34mmol)於甲苯(10mL)中之溶液中持續15分鐘。添加肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(0.175g,0.152
mmol)且在110℃下加熱反應混合物12小時。經由矽藻土過濾反應混合物且蒸發濾液,得到呈黑色液體狀之標題化合物4-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.7g,粗產物)。粗物質不經進一步純化即原樣用於下一步驟。
在0℃下將N-溴丁二醯亞胺(0.52g,2.94mmol)添加至4-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.7g,2.94mmol)於四氫呋喃(15mL)及水(5mL)中之溶液中,且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物1小時。用水稀釋反應混合物且用乙酸乙酯(100mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機萃取物用鹽水(50mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥且蒸發。藉由combiflash純化器,使用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗物質,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物4-(2-溴乙醯基)-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.31g,35%產率)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ 8.66(s,1H),8.14(s,1H),4.42(s,2H),1.68(s,9H)。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.24g,1.08mmol)於乙腈(10mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(0.45g,3.25mmol),繼
而4-(2-溴乙醯基)-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.31g,1.08mmol)。在室溫下攪拌所得懸浮液2小時。過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液。藉由combiflash純化器,使用3%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化粗產物,得到呈膠狀物質狀之標題化合物4-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙醯基)-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.2g,43%產率)。計算值(M+H)-boc:330.38;實驗值(M+H)-boc:330.4。
在0℃下將含鹽酸之二噁烷(1.5mL)添加至4-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙醯基)-1H-吡唑-1-甲酸第三丁酯(0.15g,0.35mmol)於二氯甲烷(10mL)中之溶液中,且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物2小時。將反應混合物蒸發至乾燥。用含乙醚之戊烷(50mL,50%)濕磨粗物質且乾燥,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(1H-吡唑-4-基)乙酮鹽酸鹽(0.09g,70%產率)。M+H計算值:330.38;M+H實驗值:330.4。
在0℃下向2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(1H-吡唑-4-基)乙酮鹽酸鹽(0.09g,0.246mmol)於甲醇(10mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(0.09g,2.46mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物2小時且濃縮。殘餘物用水(50mL)稀釋且用二氯甲烷(100mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。用含乙醚之戊烷(50mL,50%)洗滌粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-(1H-吡唑-4-基)乙醇(0.065g,80.0%產率)。M+H計算值:332.39;M+H實驗值:332.4。
在0℃下將氫化鈉(0.2g,60%,5.1mmol)添加至4-溴-1H-吡唑(0.5g,3.4mmol)於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(10mL)中之溶液中,且在室溫下攪拌30分鐘。使反應混合物冷卻至0℃,添加苯甲基溴(0.485mL,4.08mmol),且在室溫下攪拌2小時。用冰-水(30mL)稀釋反應混合物且用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機萃取物用水(30mL)、鹽水(30mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥且蒸發。藉由combiflash純化器,使用7%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗物質,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物1-苯甲基-4-溴-1H-吡唑(0.7g,87%產率)。M+H計算值:
236.99;M+H實驗值:236.9。
將氮氣吹掃至1-苯甲基-4-溴-1H-吡唑(0.55g,2.32mmol)及三丁基(1-乙氧基乙烯基)錫烷(0.862mL,2.55mmol)於甲苯(15mL)中之溶液中持續15分鐘。隨後添加肆(三苯基膦)鈀(0)(0.134g,0.116mmol)且在110℃下加熱反應混合物12小時。經由矽藻土過濾反應混合物且蒸發濾液,得到呈黑色液體狀之標題化合物1-苯甲基-4-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-1H-吡唑(0.52g,粗產物)。粗物質不經進一步純化即原樣用於下一步驟。
在0℃下將N-溴丁二醯亞胺(0.487g,2.74mmol)添加至1-苯甲基-4-(1-乙氧基乙烯基)-1H-吡唑(0.52g,2.28mmol)於四氫呋喃(15mL)及水(5mL)中之溶液中,且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物1小時。反應混合物用水(30mL)稀釋且用乙酸乙酯(50mL×2)萃取。經合併之有機萃取物用鹽水(30mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥且蒸發。藉由combiflash純化器,使用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗物質,得到呈無色液體狀之標題化合物1-(1-苯甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)-2-溴乙酮(0.23g,36%產率)。M+H計算值:279.01;M+H實驗值:279.0。
向2-溴-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(2g,9.3mmol)於四氫呋喃(70mL)中之
溶液中添加碳酸銀(5.128g,18.6mmol)且使反應混合物冷卻至0℃。逐滴添加苯甲基溴(1.32mL,11.16mmol),且在室溫下攪拌反應混合物16小時。經由矽藻土過濾反應混合物,濾液用乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀釋且用水(60mL×2)洗滌。有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由管柱層析,使用6%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題1-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-溴乙酮(1.22g,43%產率)。M+H計算值:306.17;M+H實驗值:306。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.7g,3.165mmol)於乙腈(25mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(1.312g,9.495mmol),繼而1-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-溴乙酮(0.866g,2.849mmol)。在室溫下攪拌所得懸浮液2小時。過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液。藉由管柱層析,使用15%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物1-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮(1.06g,75%產率)。M+H計算值:446.53;M+H實驗值:446.2
向1-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮(1.06g,2.38mmol)於乙醇(50mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(1.35g,35.713mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應混合物4小時且濃縮。殘餘物用水(50mL)稀釋且用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取。經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥、過濾且濃縮。藉由管柱層析,使用22%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗產物,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物1-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙醇(0.63g,59%產率)。M+H計算值:448.54;M+H實驗值:448.2
向1-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙醇(0.23g,0.514mmol)於N,N-二甲基甲醯胺(6mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(0.213g,1.543mmol)。使反應混合物冷卻至0℃且逐滴添加硫酸二甲酯(0.146mL,1.543mmol)。在室溫下攪
拌所得懸浮液1.5小時。反應混合物用乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀釋,用水(40mL×2)洗滌。有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-2-(2-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-甲氧基乙基)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.24g,粗產物)。M+H計算值:462.57;M+H實驗值:462.2。
向(3aR,5s,6aS)-2-(2-(4-(苯甲氧基)苯基)-2-甲氧基乙基)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.24g,0.52mmol)於甲醇(15mL)中之溶液中添加Pd/C(0.04g,10%乾燥)及三乙基矽烷(1.65mL,10.4mmol)。在室溫下攪拌所得懸浮液18小時。經由矽藻土過濾反應混合物且濃縮濾液。藉由製備型HPLC(分析條件:管柱:Zorbax XDB C18(150mm×4.6mm×3.5μm),移動相(A):5mM乙酸銨/水,移動相(B):乙腈,流動速率:1.0mL/min,T/%B:0/20、10/70、25/70、27/20、30/20)純化粗產物,得到呈棕色固體狀之標題化合物4-(2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(4-氟苯氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)-1-甲氧基乙基)苯酚(0.015g,7%)。M+H計算值:372.45;M+H實驗值:372.5
向冷卻在0℃下之(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-羥基六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.5g,1.915mmol)於四氫呋喃(5mL)中之溶液中添加4-硝基苯甲酸(0.32g,1.915mmol)、三苯基膦(0.6g,2.29mmol)及偶氮二甲酸二乙酯(0.45mL,2.87mmol)。在60℃下於微波中加熱反應混合物3小時且濃縮。隨後藉由combiflash純化器,使用20%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化粗物質,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-((4-硝基苯甲醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.65g,83.33%產率)。M+H計算值:411.42;M+H實驗值:411.2。
在0℃下向(3aR,5R,6aS)-5-((甲磺醯基)氧基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(2.7g,7.954mmol)及碳酸鉀(2.74g,19.88mmol)於乙腈(50mL)中之混合物中添加苯硫酚(1.22mL,11.93mmol)。使反應混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌18小時。藉由TLC監測反應進展。經由矽藻土墊過濾反應混合物,用乙酸乙酯洗滌床且濃縮經合併之濾液以得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用8%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化,獲得呈無色半固體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.6g,56%產率)。計算值(M+H):354.48;實驗值(M+H):354.4
在氮氣氛圍下在0℃下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(1.0g,2.82mmol)於四氫呋喃(10mL)中之溶液中添加三乙基硼氫化鋰(1M溶液於四氫呋喃中,1.49g,14.14mmol)。使反應混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌3小時。混合物用氯化銨飽和溶液(10mL)淬滅,用乙酸乙酯(100mL×3)萃取,經硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到粗產物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(1.2g,粗產物),其不經進一步純化即原樣用於下一步驟。計算值(M+H):220.11;實驗值(M+H):220.3。
在0℃下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.3g,1.36mmol)於乙腈(10mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(0.47g,3.42mmol),繼而添加2-溴-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.29g,1.36mmol)。使所得懸浮液逐漸升溫至室溫且攪拌3小時。過濾反應混合物且用10%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液洗滌,在真空下濃縮經合併之濾液,得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用10%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化且藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Zorbax XDB C18(150mm×4.6mm×3.5μm),移動相(A):0.01%甲酸/水,移動相(B):乙腈,流動速率:1.0mL/min,T/%B:0/20、10/70、25/70、27/20、30/20)再次純化以獲得呈無色固體狀之標題化合物1-(4-羥苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮(0.14g,29%產率)。計算值(M+H):354.48;實驗值(M+H):354.4。
在室溫下向1-(4-羥苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮(0.1g,0.28mmol)於乙醇(10mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(0.21g,5.65mmol),且攪拌3小時。反應混合物用水(25mL)稀釋且在真空下濃縮。用二氯甲烷(50mL×3)萃取水性殘餘物,經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在真空下濃縮以得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用4%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物4-(1-羥基-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)六氫
環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯酚(0.045g,45%產率)。計算值(M+H):356.49;實驗值(M+1):356.3。
在0℃下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯硫基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.7g,1.98mmol)、三氟乙酸(5mL)及二氯甲烷(5mL)之混合物中添加過氧化氫(1.12mL,9.95mmol,水性35%)。使反應混合物升溫至室溫且攪拌3小時。藉由TLC監測反應進展。使反應混合物冷卻至0℃且用碳酸氫鈉飽和溶液中和至pH=7。用二氯甲烷(150mL×3)萃取混合物,經合併之有機層用水(100mL)、鹽水溶液(100mL)洗滌,經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在真空下濃縮以得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用35%乙酸乙酯/己烷純化,獲得呈無色半固體狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.63g,83%產率)。計算值(M+H):386.53;實驗值(M+H):386.1。
在氮氣氛圍下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-甲酸苯甲酯(0.38g,0.98mmol)於乙醇(10mL)中之攪拌溶液中添加10% Pd/C(0.1g)。反應物於氣囊中氫化且攪拌2小時。反應完成後,經由矽藻土過濾混合物且用甲醇洗滌濾床。在真空下濃縮經合併之濾液以獲得呈無色膠狀之標題化合物(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.22g,粗產物)。計算值(M+H):252.1;實驗值(M+H):252.2。
在0℃下向(3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)八氫環戊并[c]吡咯(0.21g,0.83mmol)於乙腈(10mL)中之溶液中添加碳酸鉀(0.28g,2.08mmol),繼而添加2-溴-1-(4-羥苯基)乙酮(0.18g,0.835mmol)。使所得懸浮液逐漸升溫至室溫且攪拌2小時。過濾反應混合物且用10%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液洗滌。在真空下濃縮經合併之濾液,得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用10%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化且藉由製備型HPLC(管柱:Zorbax XDB C18(150mm×4.6mm×3.5μm),移動相(A):0.01%甲酸,移動相(B):乙腈,流動速率:1.0mL/min,T/%B:0/20、10/70、25/70、27/20、30/20)再次純化以獲得呈無色固體狀之標題化合物1-(4-羥苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮(0.14g,43%產率)。計算值(M+H):
386.13;實驗值(M+H):386.1。
在室溫下向1-(4-羥苯基)-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙酮(0.15g,0.39mmol)於乙醇(10mL)中之溶液中添加硼氫化鈉(0.29g,7.78mmol),且攪拌4小時。反應混合物用水(25mL)稀釋且在真空下濃縮。用二氯甲烷(50mL×3)萃取水性殘餘物,經合併之有機層經無水硫酸鈉乾燥,過濾且在真空下濃縮以得到粗產物,其藉由矽膠管柱層析,使用7%甲醇之二氯甲烷溶液純化,得到呈白色固體狀之標題化合物4-(1-羥基-2-((3aR,5s,6aS)-5-(苯磺醯基)六氫環戊并[c]吡咯-2(1H)-基)乙基)苯酚(0.042g,28%產率)。計算值(M+H):388.15;實驗值(M+H):388.4。
細胞培養及平板接種:根據供應商之說明,在標準組織培養燒瓶中在37℃、5% CO2下使表現NR1/NR2B之HEK293細胞(Chantest,Cleveland,OH)作為貼壁單層生長至70%-80%融合。藉由在相同生長條件下,在4mM ARL-15896存在下與0.3-0.4μg/ml四環素一起培育18-24小時,隨後轉移至30℃另外3-5小時來誘導NR2B表現。
在誘導之後,移除細胞培養基且用無Ca2+及Mg2+之杜爾貝科氏磷酸鹽緩衝生理鹽水(Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline)沖洗細胞一次。隨後根據製造商的說明使用TrypLETM Express(Life Technologies)自燒瓶移除細胞,且收集至50ml離心管中。在無Ca2+/Mg2+、具有20mM HEPES之HBSS(HHnoCa)洗滌兩次之後,計數細胞且使用錐蟲藍評估存活力。為使細胞裝載有Ca2+敏感性染料,使其再懸浮於稀釋於HHnoCa中的fluo-8加上組分B(AAT Bioquest Products)中,且在37℃下培育15分鐘,繼而在室溫下培育30分鐘(在暗處)。隨後洗滌細胞且使其再懸浮於HHnoCa中以移除細胞外染料,且以20,000-30,000個細胞/孔、以25μl/孔之最終體積接種於384孔培養盤(Falcon,未經塗佈)中。
FDSS分析:向培養盤之各孔中以不同濃度添加10μL測試化合物、對照物(MK801)或HHnoCa緩衝液以得到0.1% DMSO之0.001、0.003、0.010、0.030、0.100、0.300、1.000、3.000、10.000或30.000uM最終濃度之最終濃度。在暗處預培育10分鐘之後,將培養盤裝載至Hamamatsu FDSS 6000上。在收集基線螢光影像之後,將3μM麩胺酸、3μM甘胺酸及1mM含Ca2+之HHnoCa緩衝液添加至各孔中,且記錄Ca2+ 3分鐘。藉由計算資料收集結束時之螢光與基線螢光之比率來處理資料以評估相對於MK801中所觀測到之Ca2+流入抑制程度。
以下表8提供各化合物之活性,根據圖例「++++」指示抑制濃度
為<100nM;「+++」指示所揭示之化合物之抑制濃度在100nM與1μM之間;「++」指示抑制濃度為1μM至10μM;且「+」指示抑制濃度為>10μM。
PgP為存在於血腦障壁處之蛋白質且其受質經受自障壁之流出,
從而限制其分佈或分配至CNS中。
以大致260,000個細胞/cm2之密度將轉染有MDR1(MDCK-MDR1)之MDCK細胞接種於科斯塔(Costar)可滲透支撐盤上,且使單層做好四天後實驗使用之準備。稀釋以10mM溶解於100% DMSO中之化合物用於實驗,且製備於輸送緩衝液(漢克氏平衡鹽溶液(Hank's Balanced Salt Solution),0.02%牛血清白蛋白,10mM HEPES,pH 7.4)中。在10μM濃度下測試化合物且在兩個方向上(頂部至基部及基部至頂部)一式三份獨立地進行量測。在實驗開始之前,於輸送緩衝液中洗滌細胞三次。在37℃下進行單層流出研究持續120分鐘。各實驗中包括用於膜完整性(貝他定(bestatin))及流出(奎尼丁(quinidine))之標記物。以4000rpm在4℃下離心實驗樣品加上內標物(格列本脲(glyburide))10分鐘。隨後藉由質譜分析使用RapidFire高通量MS系統(耦接至Sciex ABI4000質譜儀之Agilent RapidFire)對該等樣品進行分析。用等式Papp=Vr/AC0×(Cr/t)計算表觀滲透性(Papp),其中A為膜表面積,C0為t=0時的供體藥物濃度,且Cr為時間(t)120分鐘時的接受者隔室濃度。若分析中在基部至頂部方向上之Papp與頂部至基部方向上之Papp的比率超過二(例如Papp B>A/PappA>B>2),則將分子視為MDR1(P-gP)之受質。
本發明之某些化合物具有極少PGP流出傾向且容易跨越血腦障壁分配。
熟習此項技術者將認識到或能夠僅使用常規實驗而確定本文中特定描述之特定實施例的諸多等效物。此類等效物意欲涵蓋於以下申請專利範圍之範疇內。
Claims (29)
- 一種式I化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,其中X為O。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,其中X為S。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,其中X為S(O)2。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,其中R1為芳基或雜芳基,其中之每一者經一或多個選自由OH、鹵素、OR10、SH、SR10、NH2、NHR10及NHCOR10組成之群的取代基取代。
- 如請求項1之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,其中Y及Y'為氫。
- 一種式Ia化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,
- 一種式Ib化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,
- 一種式Ic化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或立體異構體,
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含如請求項1至19中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,及醫藥學上可接受之載劑。
- 一種如請求項1至19中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或如請求項20之組合物之用途,其用於製造供治療神經疾病、異常腦功能及/或情緒障礙用之藥物。
- 如請求項21之用途,其中該神經疾病為帕金森氏病(Parkinson's disease)。
- 如請求項21之用途,其中該情緒障礙選自雙極性疾患、強迫症、創傷後壓力症及焦慮。
- 如請求項21之用途,其中該情緒障礙為重度抑鬱症或抑鬱症。
- 如請求項21之用途,其中該情緒障礙為難治性或抗治療性抑鬱症。
- 如請求項23之用途,其中該雙極性疾患為雙極性抑鬱。
- 一種如請求項1至19中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽或如請求項20之組合物之用途,其用於製造供調節個體中之NR2B受體之藥物。
- 如請求項1至19中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,其用作藥物。
- 一種組合產物,其包含如請求項1至19中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,及另一治療劑。
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