TWI658568B - 高壓半導體元件以及同步整流控制器 - Google Patents
高壓半導體元件以及同步整流控制器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本發明實施例提供一高壓半導體元件,其整合有一肖特基二極體。該高壓半導體元件包含有一半導體基底、一基體區、一飄移區、一第一金屬電極、一第一重摻雜區、一第二金屬電極、以及一控制閘結構。該基體區為一第一型態,設於該半導體基底之一第一區域。該飄移區為與該第一型態相反之一第二型態,鄰近該基體區,且形成一第一接面,介於該基體區與該飄移區之間。該第一金屬電極設於該飄移區上,於該飄移區中形成一肖特基接觸,作為該肖特基二極體。該第一重摻雜區為該第二型態,設於該基體區內。該第二金屬電極與該第一重摻雜區相接觸而形成一歐姆接觸。該控制閘結構具有一閘電極,可控制該飄移區與該第一重摻雜區之間的電連接。該半導體基底與該基體區大致相電性短路。
Description
本發明係關於一種高壓金氧半電晶體(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor,MOSFET),尤指一種可以阻擋逆電流之高壓MOSFET。
高壓MOSFET是一種半導體元件,一般是指可以耐受超過5V以上之汲源極跨壓(drain-to-source voltage)的一MOSFET。應用上,可以用來切換負載,或是用於電源管理上之在不同電壓準位間的轉換,或是做為高功率放大器中的功率元件。
基於規格要求,高壓MOSFET需要具備有相當高的汲源極跨壓的崩潰電壓。此外,往往因為應用上的不同,高壓MOSFET更需要有一些特別的規格。舉例來說,有的高壓MOSFET需要有低的閘極至源極電容(gate-to-source capacitance),可以適用於高速切換。
本發明實施例提供一高壓半導體元件,其整合有一肖特基二極體。該高壓半導體元件包含有一半導體基底、一基體區、一飄移區、一第一金屬電極、一第一重摻雜區、一第二金屬電極、以及一控制閘結構。 該基體區為一第一型態,設於該半導體基底之一第一區域。該飄移區為與該第一型態相反之一第二型態,鄰近該基體區,且形成一第一接面,介於該基體區與該飄移區之間。該第一金屬電極設於該飄移區上,於該飄移區中形成一肖特基接觸,作為該肖特基二極體。該第一重摻雜區為該第二型態,設於該基體區內。該第二金屬電極與該第一重摻雜區相接觸而形成一歐姆接觸。該控制閘結構具有一閘電極,可控制該飄移區與該第一重摻雜區之間的電連接。該半導體基底與該基體區大致相電性短路。
本發明實施例提供一種高壓半導體元件,包含有一橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體以及一肖特基二極體。該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體包含有一源極、一汲極、一閘極以及一體極。該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體另具有一寄生二極體,連接於該體極與該汲極之間。該肖特基二極體連接至該汲極,用以防止該寄生二極體順偏壓而產生逆電流。該肖特基二極體與該汲極之間,沒有透過歐姆接觸相電性連接。
10‧‧‧電源供應器
12‧‧‧一次側控制器
14‧‧‧功率開關
16‧‧‧同步整流控制器
18‧‧‧負載
20‧‧‧變壓器
20P‧‧‧一次側線圈
20S‧‧‧二次側線圈
22‧‧‧同步整流開關
100‧‧‧高壓MOSFET
102‧‧‧LDMOS
104‧‧‧肖特基二極體
106‧‧‧P型半導體基底
107‧‧‧區域
108‧‧‧P型基體區
109‧‧‧區域
110‧‧‧N型飄移區
112、114‧‧‧PN接面
116‧‧‧P型重摻雜區
117‧‧‧場隔絕區
118‧‧‧N型重摻雜區
120‧‧‧N型輕摻雜區
121‧‧‧場隔絕區
122、124、130‧‧‧金屬電極
126‧‧‧多晶矽導電層
128‧‧‧閘電極
140‧‧‧控制閘結構
142‧‧‧寄生二極體
143‧‧‧閘絕緣層
BULK、DRAIN、GATE、SOURCE‧‧‧端
DET‧‧‧偵測接腳
DRV‧‧‧驅動接腳
GND‧‧‧接地接腳
ID‧‧‧電流
SGND‧‧‧二次側接地線
VPWM‧‧‧PWM信號
VDRV‧‧‧驅動信號
VDS‧‧‧汲源極跨壓
VGS‧‧‧閘源極跨壓
VIN‧‧‧輸入電源
VOUT‧‧‧輸出電源
VREC‧‧‧跨壓
第1A與1B圖分別顯示依據本發明所實施的一高壓MOSFET之一剖面圖以及一等效電路圖。
第2圖顯示第1A與1B圖中之高壓MOSFET的電壓電流曲線。
第3圖顯示依據本發明所實施的一電源供應器。
第4圖顯示第3圖中的PWM信號VPWM、同步整流開關22上的跨壓VREC、以及驅動信號VDRV。
在本說明書中,有一些相同的符號,其表示具有相同或是類似之結構、功能、原理的元件,且為業界具有一般知識能力者可以依據本說明書之教導而推知。為說明書之簡潔度考量,相同之符號的元件將不再重述。
本發明之一實施例提供一高壓MOSFET,其整合有一橫向擴散金氧半場效電晶體(laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor,LDMOS)與一肖特基二極體(Schottky Diode),彼此串聯。該肖特基二極體順向偏壓時,該LDMOS可以耐受高汲源極跨壓。當該肖特基二極體逆向偏壓時,該肖特基二極體可以防止該高壓MOSFET所在之一積體電路,因為流通過高之一逆電流而燒毀。
第1A與1B圖分別顯示依據本發明所實施的一高壓MOSFET 100之一剖面圖以及一等效電路圖。高壓MOSFET100整合有一LDMOS 102與一肖特基二極體104,彼此串聯,如同第1B圖中之等效電路圖所示。LDMOS 102具有一寄生二極體142連接於BULK端與肖特基二極體104之間。
如同第1A圖中之剖面圖所示,高壓MOSFET 100具有一P型半導體基底(semiconductor substrate)106。P型半導體基底106中的一區域107形成有一P型基體區108,一區域109形成有一N型飄移區110,鄰近P型基體區108。P型基體區108直接與P型半導體基底106相接觸,形成電性上的短路。N型飄移區110與P型基體區108形成一PN接面(junction)112,N型飄移區110與P型半導體基底106形成一另一PN接面114。兩個PN接面112與114在電路上成為第1B圖中的寄生二極體142。
P型基體區108中形成有P型重摻雜區116與N型重摻雜區118,兩者之間以一場隔絕區(field oxide,FOX)117相隔開。P型基體區108與N型重摻雜區118之間形成一PN接面。在另一實施例中,場隔絕區117可以省略,P型重摻雜區116與N型重摻雜區118相接觸。
N型飄移區110中形成有一N型輕摻雜區120。一場隔絕區121形成於N型輕摻雜區120與P型基體區108之間,於N型飄移區110的一表面。場隔絕區121與場隔絕區117,以及其他的場隔絕區都是經歷同一製程而形成,具有大致相同的厚度。
在一實施例中,每個金屬電極122、124、130都包含有一導電層以及至少一接觸插塞(contact plug)。金屬電極122、124、130分別跟P型重摻雜區116、N型重摻雜區118、N型輕摻雜區120相接觸。金屬電極122、124與P型重摻雜區116、N型重摻雜區118之間形成歐姆接觸,沒有整流效果。但金屬電極130與N型輕摻雜區120之間形成一肖特基接觸,具有整流效果。在一實施例中,金屬電極130與N型飄移區110之間,電性上只有透過肖特基接觸相連接,沒有透過任何金屬與半導體之間所形成的歐姆接觸相電性連接。
控制閘結構140具有一閘電極128、一多晶矽導電層126、以及一閘絕緣層143。控制閘結構140可以控制N型飄移區110與N型重摻雜區118之間的電連接。閘電極128包含有一導電層以及至少一接觸插塞,電性上與多晶矽導電層126相短路。多晶矽導電層126部分的設於場隔絕區121上,可以作為場板(field plate)。閘絕緣層143從場隔絕區121延伸出來,位於多晶矽導電層126與P型基體區108之間,可以阻隔多晶矽導電層126與P型 基體區108之間的電連接。
以N型之摻雜濃度而言,N型重摻雜區118大於N型輕摻雜區120,N型輕摻雜區120大於N型飄移區110。以P型之摻雜濃度而言,P型重摻雜區116大於P型基體區108,P型基體區108大於P型半導體基底106。
第1A圖中之剖面圖同時顯示有LDMOS 102,其閘極、源極、體極、汲極分別是閘電極128、金屬電極124、金屬電極122、N型飄移區110。金屬電極130與N型輕摻雜區120之間的肖特基接觸可以作為肖特基二極體104。N型輕摻雜區120電路上與N型飄移區110相短路。所以,LDMOS 102與肖特基二極體104相串聯,如同第1B圖中之等效電路圖所示。肖特基二極體104與N型飄移區110(也就是LDMOS 102的汲極)之間,並沒有任何的歐姆接觸提供電性連接。如同第1A圖所示,閘電極128、金屬電極124、金屬電極122以及金屬電極130分別標示為電路上的GATE端、SOURCE端、BULK端以及DRAIN端。
第2圖顯示第1A與1B圖中之高壓MOSFET 100的電壓電流曲線,其中汲源極跨壓VDS表示從DRAIN端到SOURCE端之間的跨壓、閘源極跨壓VGS表示GATE端到SOURCE端之間的跨壓、電流ID表示從DRAIN端流入高壓MOSFET 100的電流。
當汲源極跨壓VDS為負時,肖特基二極體104逆向偏壓,可以防止BULK端到N型飄移區110之間的寄生二極體142因順向偏壓導通而產生相當大的逆電流。當然,這樣的防止效果會隨著肖特基二極體104因過高的負壓崩潰而消失。當汲源極跨壓VDS為正時,肖特基二極體104順向偏壓,高壓MOSFET 100的電壓電流曲線大致上符合一LDMOS,只是汲源極 跨壓VDS需要額外的克服肖特基二極體104之順向電壓(forward voltage)才可能會有電流。高壓MOSFET 100中的LDMOS 102為一增強型(enhancement-mode)金屬氧化物半導體元件。當閘源極跨壓VGS為0V時,高壓MOSFET 100都是呈現關閉狀態,電流ID大約都是0。只有當閘源極跨壓VGS超過大於0的臨界電壓VTH時,電流ID才可能大於0。
第3圖顯示依據本發明所實施的一電源供應器10,為一返馳式轉換器(flyback converter),用以將輸入電源VIN轉換成輸出電源VOUT。輸出電源VOUT可以對一負載18供電。一次側有一一次側控制器12,提供脈波寬度調變(pulse-width modulation,PWM)信號VPWM來控制功率開關14,其串聯於一變壓器20中的一次側線圈20P。二次側有一同步整流開關22,與變壓器中的二次側線圈20S相串聯。
同步整流控制器16為封裝好的一積體電路,有一驅動接腳DRV,耦合至同步整流開關22。透過提供驅動信號VDRV至同步整流開關22,同步整流控制器16可以控制二次線圈20S與一二次側接地線SGND之間的電性連接。同步整流控制器16另有一偵測接腳DET,其連接至同步整流開關22與二次線圈20S之間的接點。同步整流控制器16透過偵測接腳DET,來偵測同步整流開關22上的跨壓VREC。
同步整流控制器16具有第1A與1B圖中之高壓MOSFET 100。高壓MOSFET 100的DRAIN端直接電連接到偵測接腳DET,而高壓MOSFET 100的BULK端,則透過同步整流控制器16的一接地接腳GND,電連接到二次側接地線SGND。
第4圖顯示第3圖中的PWM信號VPWM、同步整流開關22上的 跨壓VREC、以及驅動信號VDRV。當PWM信號VPWM出現一下降緣(falling edge)時,功率開關14被關閉,跨壓VREC轉變為負壓。當同步整流控制器16偵測到跨壓VREC為負時,同步整流控制器16提供驅動信號VDRV,開啟同步整流開關22。
如同第4圖所示,在跨壓VREC一變成負值時,因為變壓器20中的漏感(leakage inductance)與功率開關14之寄生電容,所以跨壓VREC在短時間內將大幅震盪,震盪幅度可能高達10V,使得偵測接腳DET可能出現超過負10V的負電壓。如果沒有高壓MOSFET 100中的肖特基二極體104,此負電壓,可以使得BULK端到DRAIN端之寄生二極體142順向偏壓,而產生相當大的逆電流,其可能燒毀LDMOS 102。換言之,肖特基二極體104可以阻擋逆電流的產生,保護LDMOS 102。
以上所述僅為本發明之較佳實施例,凡依本發明申請專利範圍所做之均等變化與修飾,皆應屬本發明之涵蓋範圍。
Claims (9)
- 一種高壓半導體元件,其整合有一肖特基二極體(Schottky Diode),該高壓半導體元件包含有:一半導體基底;一基體區(body region),為一第一型態(a first type),設於該半導體基底之一第一區域;一飄移區(drift region),為與該第一型態相反之一第二型態(a second type),鄰近該基體區,且形成一第一接面,介於該基體區與該飄移區之間;一第一金屬電極,設於該飄移區上,於該飄移區中形成一肖特基接觸(Schottky contact),作為該肖特基二極體;一第一重摻雜區,為該第二型態,設於該基體區內;一第二金屬電極,與該第一重摻雜區相接觸而形成一歐姆接觸;以及一控制閘結構,具有一閘電極,可控制該飄移區與該第一重摻雜區之間的電連接;其中,該半導體基底接觸該基體區而相電性短路。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之該高壓半導體元件,其中,該高壓半導體元件包含有一橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體(Lateral-diffusion metal-oxide semiconductor,LDMOS),與該肖特基二極體相串聯,該第二金屬電極係為該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體之一源極,該飄移區係為該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體之一汲極。
- 如申請專利範圍第2項之該高壓半導體元件,其中,該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體係為一增強型(enhancement-mode)金屬氧化物半導體元件。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之該高壓半導體元件,另包含有一場隔絕區(field isolation region),設於該肖特基接觸與該第一接面之間。
- 如申請專利範圍第4項之該高壓半導體元件,該控制閘結構包含有:一多晶矽導電層,部分地設於該場隔絕區上;以及一閘絕緣層,從該場隔絕區延伸,位於該多晶矽導電層與該基體區之間,用以阻隔該多晶矽導電層與該基體區之間的電連接。
- 如申請專利範圍第1項之該高壓半導體元件,另包含有一輕摻雜區,為該第二型態,設於該飄移區中,其中,該第一金屬電極與該輕摻雜區相接觸,形成該肖特基接觸。
- 一種高壓半導體元件,包含有:一橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體,其具有一源極、一汲極、一閘極以及一體極,其中,該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體具有一寄生二極體,連接於該體極與該汲極之間;以及一肖特基二極體,連接至該汲極,用以防止該寄生二極體順偏壓而產生逆電流;其中,該肖特基二極體與該汲極之間,沒有透過歐姆接觸相電性連接;該體極包含有一基體區;該高壓半導體元件形成於一半導體基底上;以及,該半導體基底接觸該基體區而相電性短路。
- 如申請專利範圍第7項之該高壓半導體元件,其中,該橫向擴散金屬氧化物半導體係為一增強型金屬氧化物半導體元件。
- 一種同步整流控制器,為一積體電路,適用於一電源供應器(power supply),其包含有一變壓器以及一同步整流開關,該變壓器包含有一一次側線圈以及一二次側線圈,彼此相電感耦合,該同步整流開關與該二次側線圈相串聯,該同步整流控制器包含有:一驅動接腳,耦合至該同步整流開關,該同步整流控制器透過該驅動接腳,控制該二次側線圈與一電源線之間的電性連接;一偵測接腳,耦合至該二次側線圈;以及一種高壓半導體元件,其整合有一肖特基二極體(Schottky Diode),該高壓半導體元件包含有:一半導體基底;一基體區(body region),為一第一型態(a first type),設於該半導體基底之一第一區域;一飄移區(drift region),為與該第一型態相反之一第二型態(a second type),鄰近該基體區,且形成一第一接面,介於該基體區與該飄移區之間;一第一金屬電極,設於該飄移區上,於該飄移區中形成一肖特基接觸(Schottky contact),作為該肖特基二極體;一第一重摻雜區,為該第二型態,設於該基體區內;一第二金屬電極,與該第一重摻雜區相接觸而形成一歐姆接觸;以及一控制閘結構,具有一閘電極,可控制該飄移區與該第一重摻雜區之間的電連接;其中,該半導體基底與該基體區大致相電性短路,該偵測接腳電連接至該第一金屬電極,該基體區電連接至該電源線。
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