TWI401082B - 作為溶血磷脂酸受體拮抗劑之化合物 - Google Patents
作為溶血磷脂酸受體拮抗劑之化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- TWI401082B TWI401082B TW099133646A TW99133646A TWI401082B TW I401082 B TWI401082 B TW I401082B TW 099133646 A TW099133646 A TW 099133646A TW 99133646 A TW99133646 A TW 99133646A TW I401082 B TWI401082 B TW I401082B
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- Prior art keywords
- methyl
- compound
- phenyl
- biphenyl
- isoxazol
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- 238000011285 therapeutic regimen Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001685 thyroid gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 206010043778 thyroiditis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonamide Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(N)(=O)=O)C=C1 LMYRWZFENFIFIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011200 topical administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006211 transdermal dosage form Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- VFJYIHQDILEQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M trimethylsulfanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].C[S+](C)C VFJYIHQDILEQNR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960000281 trometamol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 208000009999 tuberous sclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037999 tubulointerstitial fibrosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 208000014001 urinary system disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M valproate semisodium Chemical compound [Na+].CCCC(C(O)=O)CCC.CCCC(C([O-])=O)CCC MSRILKIQRXUYCT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000604 valproic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000009421 viral pneumonia Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011534 wash buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
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- ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N xi-3-(4-Isopropylphenyl)-2-methylpropanal Chemical compound O=CC(C)CC1=CC=C(C(C)C)C=C1 ZFNVDHOSLNRHNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N β-methylphenethylamine Chemical compound NCC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 AXORVIZLPOGIRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07D261/08—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,2-oxazole or hydrogenated 1,2-oxazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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- C07D261/14—Nitrogen atoms
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- C07D261/18—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen
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Description
本文描述化合物、製造此等化合物之方法、包含此等化合物之醫藥組合物及藥物,及使用此等化合物來治療、預防或診斷與一或多種溶血磷脂酸(LPA)受體相關之疾病、病症或病狀之方法。
本申請案主張2009年10月1日申請之標題為「COMPOUNDS AS LYSOPHOSPHATIDIC ACID RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS」之美國臨時申請案第61/247,861號之權益,該案係以引用的方式併入本文中。
溶血磷脂為膜產生之生物活性脂質介體。溶血磷脂影響基本細胞功能,包括增殖、分化、存活、遷移、黏著、侵入及形態發生。此等功能影響許多生物過程,包括(但不限於)神經生成、血管生成、創傷癒合、纖維化、免疫性及癌發生。
溶血磷脂酸(LPA)為一種溶血磷脂,其已顯示經由特異性G蛋白偶合受體(GPCR)組以自分泌及旁分泌方式起作用。LPA結合於其同源GPCR(LPA1
、LPA2
、LPA3
、LPA4
、LPA5
、LPA6
)活化細胞內信號傳導路徑以產生多種生物反應。LPA受體之拮抗劑適用於治療LPA起作用之疾病、病症或病狀。
在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物,其抑制溶血磷脂酸(LPA)之生理活性,且因此適用作治療或預防其中抑制LPA之生理學活性有益處之疾病(諸如LPA受體參與、與疾病之病原或病理有關,或另外與至少一種疾病症狀相關之疾病)的藥劑。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物適用於治療器官(肝、腎、肺、心及其類似器官)纖維化、肝病(急性肝炎、慢性肝炎、肝臟纖維化、肝硬化、門靜脈高壓症、再生障礙、非酒精性脂肝炎(NASH)、肝臟機能減退、肝血流異常及其類似病症)、細胞增殖疾病(癌症(實體腫瘤、實體腫瘤轉移、血管纖維瘤、骨髓瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、卡波氏肉瘤(Kaposi's sarcoma)、白血病、慢性淋巴細胞白血病(CLL)及其類似疾病)及癌細胞侵入性轉移及其類似疾病)、發炎性疾病(牛皮癬、腎病變、肺炎及其類似疾病)、胃腸道疾病(大腸急躁症(IBS)、發炎性腸病(IBD)、異常胰分泌及其類似疾病)、腎病、泌尿道相關疾病(良性前列腺肥大或與神經病變性膀胱疾病相關之症狀、脊髓腫瘤、椎間盤疝氣、脊椎管狹窄、糖尿病產生之症狀、下泌尿道疾病(下泌尿道梗阻及其類似疾病)、下泌尿道之發炎性疾病、排尿困難、尿頻及其類似疾病)、胰腺疾病、異常血管生成相關疾病(動脈梗阻及其類似疾病)、硬皮病、腦相關疾病(腦梗死、腦出血及其類似疾病)、神經病變性疼痛、周邊神經病變及其類似疾病、眼病(年齡相關黃斑退化(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病變、增生性玻璃體視網膜病變(PVR)、瘢痕性類天疱瘡、青光眼過濾手術結瘢及其類似疾病)。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療纖維變性疾病或病狀。
在一個態樣中,本文描述式(I)化合物、其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、溶劑合物及前藥。式(I)化合物為至少一種選自LPA1
、LPA2
、LPA3
、LPA4
、LPA5
及LPA6
之LPA受體的拮抗劑。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為LPA1
之拮抗劑。在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物為LPA1
及/或LPA3
之拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物為LPA1
及/或LPA2
之拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物為針對一種LPA受體相對於其他LPA受體之選擇性拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,此選擇性拮抗劑對LPA1
受體具有選擇性。在一些實施例中,此選擇性拮抗劑對LPA2
受體具有選擇性。在一些實施例中,此選擇性拮抗劑對LPA3
受體具有選擇性。
式(I)化合物係用於治療其中至少一種LPA受體經LPA活化促成疾病、病症或病狀之症狀學或進展的疾病、病症或病狀。在一個態樣中,本文所述之方法、化合物、醫藥組合物及藥物包含LPA受體之拮抗劑。在一個態樣中,本文所述之方法、化合物、醫藥組合物及藥物包含LPA1
、LPA2
或LPA3
之拮抗劑,或其組合。
在一個態樣中,本文提供式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽:
R1
為-CO2
RD
、-C(=O)NHSO2
RE
、-C(=O)N(RD
)2
或四唑基;RD
為H或C1
-C6
烷基;RE
為C1
-C6
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基或經取代或未經取代之苯基;L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
氟伸烷基,或經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸雜烷基,其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經1、2或3個R13
取代;各R13
獨立地選自F、C1
-C4
烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷基及-OH;RA
、RB
及RC
各自獨立地選自H、鹵素、-CN、-NO2
、-OH、-OR9
、-N(R9
)2
、C1
-C4
烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷氧基、C1
-C4
烷氧基及C1
-C4
雜烷基;R5
為H或C1
-C4
烷基;各R9
獨立地選自H、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
氟烷基、經取代或未經取代之苯基,或-CH2
-(經取代或未經取代之苯基);或連接至同一N原子之兩個R9
基團連同其所連接之N原子一起形成經取代或未經取代之C1
-C5
雜環;m為0或1;n為0或1;p為0、1或2。
在一個態樣中,提供表1及2及圖1至9中提出之化合物。
式(I)化合物為至少一種LPA受體之拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物為LPA1
之拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物為LPA2
之拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物為LPA3
之拮抗劑。
在一些實施例中,本文提出選自以下之化合物:式(I)化合物之活性代謝物、互變異構體、溶劑合物、醫藥學上可接受之鹽或前藥。
在一些實施例中,提供包含治療有效量之式(I)化合物的醫藥組合物。在一些實施例中,醫藥組合物亦含有至少一種醫藥學上可接受之非活性成分。
在一些實施例中,提供包含治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽及至少一種醫藥學上可接受之非活性成分的醫藥組合物。在一個態樣中,調配醫藥組合物以用於靜脈內注射、皮下注射、經口投與、吸入、經鼻投與、表面投與、眼部投與或耳部投與。在一些實施例中,醫藥組合物為錠劑、丸劑、膠囊、液體、吸入劑、經鼻噴霧溶液、栓劑、懸浮液、凝膠、膠體、分散液、懸浮液、溶液、乳液、軟膏、洗劑、滴眼劑或滴耳劑。
在一些實施例中,醫藥組合物進一步包含除式(I)化合物外之一或多種其他治療活性劑。
在一些實施例中,提供一種方法,其包含向患有LPA依賴性或LPA介導疾病或病狀之人類投與式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,該人類已被投與除式(I)化合物外之一或多種其他治療活性劑。在一些實施例中,該方法進一步包含投與除式(I)化合物外之一或多種其他治療活性劑。
在一些實施例中,該除式(I)化合物外之一或多種其他治療活性劑係選自:皮質類固醇、免疫抑制劑、止痛劑、抗癌劑、消炎劑、趨化因子受體拮抗劑、支氣管擴張劑、白三烯受體拮抗劑、白三烯形成抑制劑、單醯基甘油激酶抑制劑、磷脂酶A1
抑制劑、磷脂酶A2
抑制劑及溶血磷脂酶D(lysoPLD)抑制劑、自分泌運動因子(autotaxin)抑制劑、解充血劑、抗組織胺、黏液溶解藥、抗膽鹼能劑、止咳劑、去痰劑及β-2促效劑。
在另一態樣中,提供式(I)化合物在治療其中至少一種LPA受體之活性促成疾病或病狀之病理及/或症狀的疾病、病症或病狀中之用途。在此態樣之一個實施例中,LPA受體係選自LPA1
、LPA2
、LPA3
、LPA4
、LPA5
及LPA6
。在一些實施例中,LPA受體為LPA1
或LPA2
或LPA3
。在一些實施例中,疾病或病狀為本文中規定之任何疾病或病狀。
亦提供一種抑制哺乳動物體內LPA之生理活性的方法,其包含投與有需要之哺乳動物以治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在一個態樣中,提供一種治療或預防哺乳動物之LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀之方法,其包含投與治療有效量之式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀包括(但不限於)器官或組織纖維化、結瘢、肝病、皮膚病、癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸道疾病或病狀、發炎性疾病、胃腸道疾病、腎病、泌尿道相關疾病、下泌尿道之發炎性疾病、排尿困難、尿頻、胰腺疾病、動脈梗阻、腦梗死、腦出血、疼痛、周邊神經病變及肌肉纖維疼痛。
在一些實施例中,LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀係選自特發性肺纖維化;不同病原之其他彌漫性實質性肺病,包括醫原性藥物誘發之纖維化、職業誘發及/或環境誘發之纖維化、肉芽腫疾病(肉狀瘤病、過敏性肺炎)、膠原蛋白血管病、肺泡蛋白沈積症(alveolar proteinosis)、蘭氏細胞肉芽腫病(langerhans cell granulomatosis)、淋巴管平滑肌瘤、遺傳疾病(哈布二氏症候群(Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome)、結節性硬化症、神經纖維瘤、代謝儲存病症、家族性間質性肺病);輻射誘發之纖維化;慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD);硬皮病;博萊黴素(bleomycin)誘發之肺纖維化;慢性哮喘;矽粉沈著病(silicosis);石棉誘發之肺纖維化;急性呼吸窘迫症候群(ARDS);腎臟纖維化;腎小管間質纖維化(tubulointerstitium fibrosis);腎小球性腎炎;局部區段性腎小球硬化;IgA腎病變;高血壓;Alport;腸道纖維化;肝臟纖維化;肝硬化;酒精誘發之肝臟纖維化;毒性/藥物誘發之肝臟纖維化;血色素沈著症;非酒精性脂肝炎(NASH);膽管損傷;原發性膽汁性肝硬化;感染誘發之肝臟纖維化;病毒誘發之肝臟纖維化;及自體免疫肝炎;角膜結瘢;肥厚性結瘢;迪皮特倫氏病(Duputren disease)、瘢痕瘤、皮膚纖維化;皮膚硬皮病;脊髓損傷/纖維化;骨髓纖維化;血管再狹窄;動脈粥樣硬化;動脈硬化;韋格納肉牙腫病(Wegener's granulomatosis);佩羅尼氏病(Peyronie's disease)、慢性淋巴細胞白血病、腫瘤轉移、移植器官排斥反應、子宮內膜異位、新生兒呼吸窘迫症候群及神經病變性疼痛。
在一個態樣中,提供一種治療或預防哺乳動物之癌症之方法,其包含投與有需要之哺乳動物以治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在一個態樣中,提供一種治療或預防哺乳動物之纖維化之方法,其包含投與有需要之哺乳動物以治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在一個態樣中,提供一種治療或預防哺乳動物之以下疾病之方法:肺纖維化、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、腎纖維化、急性腎損傷、慢性腎病、肝纖維化、皮膚纖維化、腸道纖維化、乳癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、神經膠母細胞瘤、骨癌、結腸癌、腸癌、頭頸癌、黑色素瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、慢性淋巴細胞白血病、癌症疼痛、腫瘤轉移、移植器官排斥反應、硬皮病、眼睛纖維化、年齡相關黃斑退化(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病變、膠原蛋白血管病、動脈粥樣硬化、雷諾氏徵候群(Raynaud's phenomenon)或神經病變性疼痛,該方法包含投與有需要之哺乳動物治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
在一個態樣中,提供一種治療或預防哺乳動物之器官纖維化之方法,其包含投與有需要之哺乳動物以治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。在一些實施例中,器官纖維化包含肺纖維化、腎纖維化或肝纖維化。
在一個態樣中,提供一種改善哺乳動物之肺功能之方法,其包含投與有需要之哺乳動物以治療有效量之式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。在一個態樣中,哺乳動物已診斷為患有肺纖維化。
在一個態樣中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之特發性肺纖維化(常見間質性肺炎)。
在一個態樣中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療雷諾氏徵候群。雷諾氏徵候群包含雷諾氏病(其中該徵候群為特發性的)及雷諾氏症候群,其中其係由某一其他鼓動性因素引起。
在一些實施例中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之彌漫性實質性間質肺病:醫原性藥物誘發之肺病、職業性/環境性肺病(農民肺(Farmer lung))、肉芽腫病(肉狀瘤病、過敏性肺炎)、膠原蛋白血管病(硬皮病及其他)、肺泡蛋白沈積症、蘭氏細胞肉芽腫病、淋巴管平滑肌瘤、哈布二氏症候群、結節性硬化症、神經纖維瘤、代謝儲存病症、家族性間質性肺病。
在一些實施例中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之與慢性排斥反應相關之移植後纖維化:肺移植之阻塞性細支氣管炎。
在一些實施例中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之皮膚纖維化:皮膚硬皮病、迪皮特朗病(Dupuytren disease)、瘢痕瘤。
在一個態樣中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之伴有或不伴有肝硬化之肝纖維化:毒性/藥物誘發之肝纖維化(血色素沈著症)、酒精性肝病、病毒性肝炎(B型病毒肝炎、C型病毒肝炎、HCV)、非酒精性肝病(NASH)(代謝型及自體免疫型)。
在一個態樣中,本文所揭示之化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之腎纖維化:腎小管間質纖維化、腎小球硬化。
在上述涉及治療LPA依賴性疾病或病狀之任何態樣中,提供除投與具有式(I)結構之化合物外亦包含投與至少一種其他藥劑的其他實施例。在各種實施例中,各藥劑係以任何順序(包括同時)投與。
在本文所揭示之任何實施例中,哺乳動物為人類。
在一些實施例中,本文提供之化合物係投與人類。在一些實施例中,本文提供之化合物係經口投與人類。
在一些實施例中,本文提供之化合物係用作至少一種LPA受體之拮抗劑。在一些實施例中,本文提供之化合物係用於抑制至少一種LPA受體之活性或治療將得益於抑制至少一種LPA受體之活性的疾病或病狀。在一個態樣中,LPA受體為LPA1
。
在其他實施例中,本文提供之化合物係用於調配用於抑制LPA1
活性之藥物。
經由以下實施方式,本文所述之化合物、方法及組合物的其他目標、特徵及優勢將變得顯而易見。然而應瞭解,實施方式及特定實例儘管表明特定實施例,但僅以說明之方式給出,因為經由此實施方式,在本揭示案之精神及範疇內的各種變化及修改將為熟習此項技術者所顯而易見。
溶血磷脂(諸如溶血磷脂酸(LPA))影響基本細胞功能,包括細胞增殖、分化、存活、遷移、黏著、侵入及形態發生。此等功能影響許多生物過程,包括(但不限於)神經生成、血管生成、創傷癒合、免疫性及癌發生。
LPA經由特異性G蛋白偶合受體(GPCR)組以自分泌及旁分泌方式起作用。LPA結合於其同源GPCR(LPA1
、LPA2
、LPA3
、LPA4
、LPA5
、LPA6
)活化細胞內信號傳導路徑以產生多種生物反應。
LPA具有作為生物效應分子之作用,且具有多種生理作用,諸如(但不限於)對血壓、血小板活化及平滑肌收縮之效應,及多種細胞效應,包括細胞生長、細胞變圓(cell rounding)、神經突回縮(neurite retraction)及肌動蛋白應力纖維形成及細胞遷移。LPA之效應主要由受體介導。
LPA受體經LPA活化介導多種下游信號傳導級聯。實際路徑及實現終點視多種變數而定,該等變數包括受體利用、細胞類型、受體或信號傳導蛋白之表現量,及LPA濃度。幾乎所有哺乳動物細胞、組織及器官共表現若干LPA-受體亞型,其表明LPA受體以合作方式傳導信號。LPA1
、LPA2
及LPA3
享有高胺基酸序列相似性。
LPA調節纖維母細胞在創傷癒合中之許多重要功能,包括增殖、遷移、分化及收縮。在創傷癒合中需要纖維母細胞增殖以填充開放性創傷。相反地,纖維化之特徵在於活躍地合成ECM及促發炎細胞因子之肌纖維母細胞的強烈增殖及累積。LPA可提高或抑制創傷癒合中之重要細胞類型的增殖。
組織損傷引發一系列複雜之宿主創傷癒合反應;若成功,則此等反應修復正常組織結構及功能。若不成功,則此等反應可引起組織纖維化及功能損失。
諸多肌肉營養不良之特徵在於肌系之進行性虛弱及萎縮,及廣泛纖維化。已顯示LPA處理培養之肌母細胞誘發結締組織生長因子(CTGF)之顯著表現。CTGF隨後誘發膠原蛋白、纖維結合蛋白及整合素表現且誘發此等肌母細胞去分化。用LPA處理多種細胞類型誘發可再現且高程度之CTGF誘導。CTGF為促纖維變性細胞因子,其在TGFβ下游且與TGFβ平行地傳導信號。
LPA及LPA1
在肺纖維化中起關鍵病原性作用。纖維母細胞化學引誘劑活性在患有肺纖維化之患者的肺中起重要作用。LPA1
受體刺激之促纖維變性效應由LPA1
受體介導之血管滲漏及增加之纖維母細胞募集(兩者均為促纖維變性事件)解釋。LPA-LPA1
路徑在介導IPF中之纖維母細胞遷移及血管滲漏中起作用。最終結果為以此纖維變性病狀為特徵之異常癒合過程。
LPA-LPA2
路徑促成肺纖維化中TGF-β路徑之活化。在一些實施例中,抑制LPA2
之化合物在肺纖維化治療中顯示功效。在一些實施例中,抑制LPA1
與LPA2
兩者之化合物在治療肺纖維化中顯示之功效與僅抑制LPA1
或LPA2
之化合物相比有所改善。
LPA及LPA1
與腎臟纖維化之病原有關。在LPA1
受體失效(LPA1
(-/-))之小鼠中,腎纖維化之發展經顯著削弱。以LPA受體拮抗劑Ki16425處理單側輸尿管梗阻(UUO;腎纖維化之動物模型)小鼠極類似於LPA1
(-/-)小鼠。
LPA牽涉於肝病及纖維化中。在肝炎患者及與纖維化增加相關聯之肝損傷動物模型中血漿LPA含量及血清自體毒素升高。LPA亦調節肝細胞功能。LPA1
及LPA2
受體由小鼠肝星形細胞表現且LPA刺激肝肌纖維母細胞之遷移。
LPA與眼創傷癒合有關。LPA1
及LPA3
受體可在正常兔角膜上皮細胞、角膜細胞及內皮細胞中偵測到,且LPA1
及LPA3
表現在損傷後之角膜上皮細胞中提高。
LPA存在於兔眼之水狀液及淚腺液中,且此等含量在兔角膜損傷模型中升高。
LPA誘發在兔角膜內皮及上皮細胞中之肌動蛋白應力纖維形成,且促進收縮角膜纖維母細胞。LPA亦刺激人類視網膜有色上皮細胞之增殖。
LPA牽涉於心肌梗塞及心臟纖維化中。在心肌梗塞(MI)後之患者中血清LPA含量升高,且LPA刺激大鼠心臟纖維母細胞之增殖及膠原蛋白產生(纖維化)。LPA1
與LPA3
受體均高度表現於人類心臟組織中。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以治療或預防哺乳動物之纖維化。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以治療或預防哺乳動物之器官或組織纖維化。
如本文中所用,術語「纖維化」或「纖維化病症」係指與細胞及/或纖維結合蛋白及/或膠原蛋白異常累積及/或纖維母細胞募集增加相關之病狀,且包括(但不限於)個別器官或組織(諸如心臟、腎臟、肝臟、關節、肺、胸膜組織、腹膜組織、皮膚、角膜、視網膜、肌肉骨骼及消化道)之纖維化。
涉及纖維化之例示性疾病、病症或病狀包括(但不限於):與纖維化相關之肺病,例如特發性肺纖維化、繼發於諸如類風濕性關節炎、硬皮病、狼瘡之全身性發炎性疾病之肺纖維化、原因不明之纖維化性肺泡炎、輻射誘發之纖維化、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、硬皮病、慢性哮喘、矽粉沈著病、石棉誘發之肺部或胸膜纖維化、急性肺損傷及急性呼吸窘迫(包括細菌性肺炎誘發、外傷誘發、病毒性肺炎誘發、呼吸器誘發、非肺部敗血症誘發及吸入誘發);與損傷/纖維化(腎臟纖維化)相關之慢性腎病變,例如繼發於全身性發炎疾病(諸如狼瘡及硬皮病)之絲球體腎炎、糖尿病、腎小球性腎炎、局部區段性腎小球硬化、IgA腎病變、高血壓、同種異體移植及Alport;腸道纖維化,例如硬皮病,及輻射誘發之腸道纖維化;肝臟纖維化,例如肝硬化、酒精誘發之肝臟纖維化、非酒精性脂肝炎(NASH)、膽管損傷、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、感染或病毒誘發之肝臟纖維化(例如慢性HCV感染)及自體免疫肝炎;頭頸部纖維化(例如輻射誘發);角膜結瘢,例如LASIK(雷射輔助原位角膜磨鑲術(laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis))、角膜移植及小樑切除術(trabeculectomy);肥厚性結瘢及瘢痕瘤,例如灼傷誘發或手術性;及其他纖維變性疾病,例如肉狀瘤病、硬皮病、脊髓損傷/纖維化、骨髓纖維化、血管再狹窄、動脈粥樣硬化、動脈硬化、韋格納肉牙腫病、混合性結締組織病及佩羅尼氏病。
在一個態樣中,罹患一種以下非限制性例示性疾病、病症或病狀之哺乳動物將得益於使用式(I)化合物之療法:動脈粥樣硬化、血栓形成、心臟病、脈管炎、瘢痕組織形成、再狹窄、靜脈炎、COPD(慢性阻塞性肺病)、肺循環血壓過高、肺纖維化、肺炎、腸黏連、膀胱纖維化及膀胱炎、鼻孔纖維化、竇炎、由嗜中性白血球介導之炎症,及由纖維母細胞介導之纖維化。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以治療哺乳動物之皮膚病。皮膚病包括(但不限於)增生性或發炎性皮膚病,諸如異位性皮膚炎、大皰性病症、膠原病(collagenose)、牛皮癬、牛皮癬病變、皮炎、接觸性皮炎、濕疹、蕁痲疹、紅斑痤瘡、創傷癒合、結瘢、肥厚性結瘢、瘢痕瘤、川崎氏病(Kawasaki Disease)、紅斑痤瘡、修格蘭-拉索症候群(Sjogren-Larsso Syndrome)、蕁痲疹。
LPA在組織損傷之後釋放。LPA1
在神經病變性疼痛之起始中起作用。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療哺乳動物之疼痛。在一個態樣中,疼痛為急性疼痛或慢性疼痛。在另一態樣中,疼痛為神經病變性疼痛。在另一態樣中,疼痛為癌症疼痛。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療肌肉纖維疼痛。
溶血磷脂受體信號傳導在癌症病原中起作用。溶血磷脂酸(LPA)及其G蛋白偶合受體(GPCR)LPA1
、LPA2
及/或LPA3
在若干類型之癌症的發展中起作用。
LPA藉由提高細胞之活動性及侵入性而促成腫瘤形成。LPA已牽涉於卵巢癌之起始或進展中。LPA以顯著濃度(2-80 μM)存在於卵巢癌患者之腹水中。與正常卵巢表面上皮細胞相比,LPA受體(LPA2
及LPA3
)亦過度表現於卵巢癌細胞中。LPA亦已牽涉於前列腺癌、乳癌、黑色素瘤、頭頸癌、腸癌(結腸直腸癌)、甲狀腺癌、神經膠母細胞瘤及其他癌症之起始或進展中。
LPA受體介導胰腺癌細胞株之遷移與侵入:Ki16425及LPA1
特異性siRNA回應於得自胰腺癌患者之LPA及腹膜液(腹水)有效阻斷活體外遷移;另外,Ki16425阻斷LPA誘發及腹水誘發之高腹膜轉移性胰腺癌細胞株之侵入活性(Yamada等人,J. Biol. Chem
.,279,6595-6605,2004)。
結腸直腸癌細胞株顯示LPA1
mRNA之顯著表現且回應於LPA以細胞遷移及產生血管生成因子。LPA受體過度表現在甲狀腺癌之發病機制中起作用。LPA3
最初係自前列腺癌細胞選殖,與LPA誘發前列腺癌細胞自分泌增殖之能力相協調。
LPA在許多類型癌症之癌症進展中具有刺激作用。LPA係由前列腺癌細胞株產生且誘發前列腺癌細胞株增殖。LPA經由LPA1
信號傳導誘發人類結腸癌DLD1細胞增殖、遷移、黏著及血管生成因子分泌。在其他人類結腸癌細胞株(HT29及WiDR)中,LPA增強細胞增殖及血管生成因子分泌。在其他結腸癌細胞株中,LPA2
及LPA3
受體活化使得細胞增殖。LPA1
牽涉於骨轉移中(Boucharaba等人,Proc
.Natl
.Acad
.Sci USA
,103,9643-9648,2006)。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療癌症。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療惡性及良性增生性疾病。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以預防或減少腫瘤細胞增殖、癌瘤侵入及轉移、胸膜間皮瘤或腹膜間皮瘤、癌症疼痛、骨轉移。在一個態樣中,提供一種治療哺乳動物之癌症之方法,該方法包含投與該哺乳動物以式(I)化合物及第二治療劑,其中該第二治療劑為抗癌劑。在一些實施例中,亦使用輻射療法。
癌症類型包括(但不限於)處於疾病任何階段之伴有或不伴有轉移的實體腫瘤(諸如膀胱腫瘤、腸腫瘤、腦腫瘤、乳房腫瘤、子宮內膜腫瘤、心臟腫瘤、腎腫瘤、肺腫瘤、淋巴組織腫瘤(淋巴瘤)、卵巢腫瘤、胰腺腫瘤或其他內分泌器官(甲狀腺)腫瘤、前列腺腫瘤、皮膚腫瘤(黑色素瘤或基底細胞癌症)或血液腫瘤(諸如白血病)。
在一個態樣中,LPA促成呼吸道疾病之發病機制。LPA之促發炎效應包括肥大細胞去顆粒、平滑肌細胞收縮及樹突狀細胞釋放細胞因子。LPA誘發人類支氣管上皮細胞分泌IL-8。IL-8以高濃度見於患有哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺部肉狀瘤病及急性呼吸窘迫症候群之患者的BAL液中,且已顯示IL-8加劇呼吸道炎症及氣喘之呼吸道重塑。LPA1
、LPA2
及LPA3
受體均已顯示促成LPA誘發之IL-8產生。
活體內投與LPA誘發呼吸道高反應性、搔癢-騷抓反應(itch-scratch response)、嗜伊紅白血球(eosinophil)及嗜中性白血球(neutrophil)之浸潤及活化、血管重塑及避害性屈肌反應(nociceptive flexor response)。LPA亦誘發小鼠及大鼠肥大細胞釋放組織胺。在一個態樣中,LPA之效應係經由LPA1
及/或LPA3
介導。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療哺乳動物之各種過敏性病症。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療哺乳動物之呼吸道疾病、病症或病狀。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療哺乳動物之哮喘。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用於治療哺乳動物之慢性哮喘。
如本文中所用,術語「呼吸道疾病」係指影響呼吸所涉及之器官的疾病,該等器官諸如鼻、咽喉、喉、耳咽管、氣管、支氣管、肺、相關肌肉(例如膈膜肌肉及肋間肌肉)及神經。呼吸道疾病包括(但不限於)哮喘、成人呼吸窘迫症候群及過敏性(外源性)哮喘、非過敏性(內源性)哮喘、急性嚴重哮喘、慢性哮喘、臨床哮喘、夜間哮喘、過敏原誘發之哮喘、阿司匹靈(aspirin)敏感性哮喘、運動誘發之哮喘、二氧化碳過度通氣(isocapnic hyperventilation)、兒童發作型哮喘、成人發作型哮喘、咳嗽變異性哮喘、職業性哮喘、類固醇抗性哮喘、季節性哮喘、季節性過敏性鼻炎、常年過敏性鼻炎、慢性阻塞性肺病(包括慢性支氣管炎或肺氣腫)、肺循環血壓過高、間質性肺纖維化及/或呼吸道炎症及囊腫性纖維化,及低氧症。
在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物治療或預防哺乳動物之慢性阻塞性肺病之用途,其包含投與該哺乳動物至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。另外,慢性阻塞性肺病包括(但不限於)慢性支氣管炎或肺氣腫、肺循環血壓過高、間質性肺纖維化及/或呼吸道炎症,及囊腫性纖維化。
神經系統為LPA1
表現之主要場所。在一個態樣中,提供適用於治療或預防哺乳動物之神經系統病症之式(I)化合物。如本文中所用,術語「神經系統病症」包括(但不限於)阿茲海默氏症(Alzheimer's Disease)、腦水腫、大腦缺血、中風、多發性硬化症、神經病變、帕金森氏病(Parkinson's Disease)、多發性硬化症、視網膜局部缺血、手術後認知功能異常、偏頭痛、周邊神經病/神經病變性疼痛、脊髓損傷、腦水腫及頭部損傷。
在缺血性損傷後之創傷癒合、組織生長及心肌血管生成中通常引起血管生成,自預先存在之血管結構形成新毛細管網。肽生長因子及溶血磷脂控制血管內皮細胞(VEC)及周圍血管平滑肌細胞(VSMC)協調之增殖、遷移、黏著、分化及組裝。在一個態樣中,介導血管生成之過程的失調引起動脈粥樣硬化、高血壓、腫瘤生長、類風濕性關節炎及糖尿病性視網膜病變。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以治療或預防哺乳動物之心血管疾病,包括(但不限於):心律不整(心房心律不整或心室心律不整或兩者);動脈粥樣硬化及其後遺症;心絞痛;心節律紊亂;心肌局部缺血;心肌梗塞;心臟或血管動脈瘤;脈管炎、中風;肢體、器官或組織之周邊阻塞性動脈病;腦、心臟、腎臟或其他器官或組織在局部缺血後之再灌注損傷;內毒素休克、手術休克或外傷性休克;高血壓、心臟瓣膜病、心臟衰竭、血壓異常;休克;血管收縮(包括與偏頭痛相關者);限於單一器官或組織之血管異常、炎症、功能不全。
在一個態樣中,本文提供預防或治療血管收縮、動脈粥樣硬化及其後遺症心肌局部缺血、心肌梗塞、主動脈瘤、脈管炎及中風之方法,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物或包括式(I)化合物之醫藥組合物或藥物。在一些實施例中,本文提供預防或治療雷諾氏徵候群之方法。
在一個態樣中,本文提供減輕在心肌局部缺血及/或內毒素休克後之心臟再灌注損傷的方法,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,本文提供減輕哺乳動物之血管縮窄之方法,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,本文提供降低哺乳動物血壓或預防哺乳動物血壓升高之方法,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
LPA與各種發炎/免疫疾病相關。在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以治療或預防哺乳動物之炎症。在一個態樣中,LPA1
及/或LPA3
之拮抗劑適用於治療或預防哺乳動物之發炎/免疫病症。
發炎/免疫病症之實例包括牛皮癬、類風濕性關節炎、脈管炎、發炎性腸病、皮炎、骨關節炎、哮喘、發炎性肌肉疾病、過敏性鼻炎、陰道炎、間質性膀胱炎、硬皮病、濕疹、同種異體或異種移植(器官、骨髓、幹細胞及其他細胞及組織)移植排斥反應、移植物抗宿主疾病、紅斑性狼瘡、發炎性疾病、第I型糖尿病、肺纖維化、皮肌炎、修格蘭氏症候群、甲狀腺炎(例如橋本甲狀腺炎(Hashimoto's thyroiditis)及自體免疫甲狀腺炎)、重症肌無力、自身免疫性溶血性貧血、多發性硬化症、囊腫性纖維化、慢性復發性肝炎、原發性膽汁性肝硬化、過敏性結膜炎及異位性皮膚炎。
根據一個態樣,提供治療、預防、逆轉、停止或減緩LPA依賴性或LPA介導(一旦變得臨床上明顯)之疾病或病狀之進展,或治療與LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀相關之症狀的方法,其係對哺乳動物投與式(I)化合物來達成。在某些實施例中,在投藥時個體已患有LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀,或處於產生LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀的風險中。
在某些態樣中,提供預防或治療嗜伊紅白血球及/或嗜鹼性白血球及/或樹突狀細胞及/或嗜中性白血球及/或單核細胞及/或T-細胞募集之方法,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在某些態樣中,提供治療膀胱炎(包括例如間質性膀胱炎)之方法,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次治療有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
根據一個態樣,本文所述之方法包括診斷或確定患者是否罹患LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀,其藉由投與個體以治療有效量之式(I)化合物及確定患者是否對該治療有反應來達成。
在一個態樣中,本文提供式(I)化合物、其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、醫藥學上可接受之前藥及醫藥學上可接受之溶劑合物,其為至少一種LPA受體(例如LPA1
、LPA2
、LPA3
)之拮抗劑且用以治療罹患一或多種包括(但不限於)以下之LPA依賴性或LPA介導之病狀或疾病的患者:肺纖維化、腎纖維化、肝纖維化、結瘢、哮喘、鼻炎、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺循環血壓過高、間質性肺纖維化、關節炎、過敏症、牛皮癬、發炎性腸病、成人呼吸窘迫症候群、心肌梗塞、動脈瘤、中風、癌症、疼痛、增生性病症及發炎病狀。在一些實施例中,LPA依賴性病狀或疾病包括存在及/或觀察到LPA絕對或相對過量的病狀或疾病。
在任何上述態樣中,LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀包括(但不限於)器官纖維化、哮喘、過敏性病症、慢性阻塞性肺病、肺循環血壓過高、肺或胸膜纖維化、腹膜纖維化、關節炎、過敏症、癌症、心血管疾病、成人呼吸窘迫症候群、心肌梗塞、動脈瘤、中風及癌症。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物係用以改善由角膜手術(諸如雷射輔助原位角膜磨鑲術(LASIK)或白內障手術)引起之角膜敏感性降低、由角膜退化引起之角膜敏感性降低,及其所引起之乾眼症狀。
在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物在治療或預防哺乳動物之眼睛炎症及過敏性結膜炎、春季角膜結膜炎及乳頭性結膜炎中之用途,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物在治療或預防哺乳動物之伴有眼乾之修格蘭氏疾病或發炎性疾病中之用途,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,LPA及LPA受體(例如LPA1
)與骨關節炎之發病機制有關。在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物在治療或預防哺乳動物之骨關節炎中之用途,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,LPA受體(例如LPA1
、LPA3
)促成類風濕性關節炎之發病機制。在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物在治療或預防哺乳動物之類風濕性關節炎中之用途,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,LPA受體(例如LPA1
)促成脂肪生成。在一個態樣中,本文提出式(I)化合物在促進哺乳動物之脂肪組織形成中之用途,其包括對哺乳動物投與至少一次有效量之至少一種式(I)化合物。
在一個態樣中,本文提供具有式(I)結構之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽:
R1
為-CO2
RD
、-C(=O)NHSO2
RE
、-C(=O)N(RD
)2
或四唑基;RD
為H或C1
-C6
烷基;RE
為C1
-C6
烷基、C3
-C6
環烷基或經取代或未經取代之苯基;L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
氟伸烷基,或經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸雜烷基,其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經1、2或3個R13
取代;各R13
獨立地選自F、C1
-C4
烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷基及-OH;RA
、RB
及RC
各自獨立地選自H、鹵素、-CN、-NO2
、-OH、-OR9
、-N(R9
)2
、C1
-C4
烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷氧基、C1
-C4
烷氧基及C1
-C4
雜烷基;R5
為H或C1
-C4
烷基;各R9
獨立地選自H、C1
-C6
烷基、C1
-C6
氟烷基、經取代或未經取代之苯基,或-CH2
-(經取代或未經取代之苯基);或連接至同一N原子之兩個R9
基團連同其所連接之N原子一起形成經取代或未經取代之C1
-C5
雜環;m為0或1;n為0或1;p為0、1或2。
對於任何及所有實施例,取代基均選自所列替代物之子集。舉例而言,在一些實施例中,R1
為-CO2
RD
或-C(=O)NHSO2
RE
。在一些實施例中,R1
為-CO2
RD
。在一些實施例中,R1
為-CO2
H。在一些實施例中,R1
為-C(=O)NHSO2
RE
。在一些實施例中,RE
為C1
-C6
烷基。在一些實施例中,RE
為-CH3
或-CH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,RE
為-CH3
。在一些實施例中,RD
為H、-CH3
或-CH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,RD
為-CH2
CH2
。在一些實施例中,RD
為H。
在一些實施例中,各RA
獨立地選自鹵素、-CN、-OH、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
、-OCF3
、-OCH3
及-OCH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,各RA
獨立地為鹵素、-CN、-OH、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
、-OCF3
、-OCH3
或-OCH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,各RA
獨立地為鹵素、-OH或-CH3
。
在一些實施例中,各RB
獨立地選自鹵素、-CN、-OH、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
、-OCF3
、-OCH3
及-OCH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,各RB
獨立地為鹵素、-CN、-OH、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
、-OCF3
、-OCH3
或-OCH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,各RB
獨立地為鹵素、-OH或-CH3
。
在一些實施例中,各RC
獨立地選自鹵素、-CN、-OH、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CH(CH3
)2
、-CF3
、-OCF3
、-OCH3
及-OCH2
CH3。在一些實施例中,各RC
獨立地為鹵素、-CN、-OH、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CH(CH3
)2
、-CF3
、-OCF3
、-OCH3
或-OCH2
CH3
。
在一些實施例中,m為0。在一些實施例中,m為1。
在一些實施例中,n為0。在一些實施例中,n為1。
在一些實施例中,p為0或1。在一些實施例中,p為0。
在一些實施例中,p為1。在一些實施例中,p為2。
在一些實施例中,R1
為-CO2
RD
或-C(=O)NHSO2
RE
;RD
為H或C1
-C4
烷基;RE
為C1
-C4
烷基;R5
為-H、-CH3
或-CH2
CH3
。
在一些實施例中,R5
為-H、-CH3
或-CH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,R5
為-CH3
或-CH2
CH3
。在一些實施例中,R5
為-CH3
。
在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
氟伸烷基,或經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸雜烷基;其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經1、2或3個R13
取代;各R13
獨立地選自F、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
及-OH;m為0;n為0。
在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之伸丁基、經取代或未經取代之氟伸丁基,或經取代或未經取代之二氟伸丁基;其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經1或2個R13
取代。
在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸雜烷基;其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經1或2個R13
取代。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-O-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-、-O-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-、-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-S-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-、-S-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-、-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-NH-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-,或-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基);其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經R13
取代。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-,或-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-;其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經R13
取代。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-(經取代或未經取代之伸乙基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之亞甲基)-,或-(經取代或未經取代之伸乙基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之亞甲基)-;其中若L3
經取代,則L3
經R13
取代。
在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
氟伸烷基,或經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸雜烷基。
在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之伸丁基、經取代或未經取代之氟伸丁基,或經取代或未經取代之二氟伸丁基。
在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C6
伸雜烷基。在一些實施例中,L3
為經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸雜烷基。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-O-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-、-O-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-、-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-S-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-、-S-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-、-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-NH-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-,或-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)-。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C3
-C4
伸烷基)。
在一些實施例中,L3
為-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-,或-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之C1
-C3
伸烷基)-。在一些實施例中,L3
為-(經取代或未經取代之伸乙基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之亞甲基)-,或-(經取代或未經取代之伸乙基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之亞甲基)-。
在一些實施例中,L3
經1、2或3個R13
取代。在一些實施例中,L3
經1或2個R13
取代。在一些實施例中,L3
經R13
取代。在一些實施例中,L3
未經取代。在一些實施例中,若L3
經取代,則L3
經1、2或3個R13
取代;在一些實施例中,若L3
經取代,則L3
經1或2個R13
取代。在一些實施例中,若L3
經取代,則L3
經R13
取代。在一些實施例中,L3
未經取代。在一些實施例中,各R13
獨立地選自F、C1
-C4
烷基、C1
-C4
氟烷基及-OH。在一些實施例中,各R13
獨立地選自F、C1
-C4
烷基及-OH。在一些實施例中,各R13
獨立地選自C1
-C4
烷基及-OH。在一些實施例中,各R13
獨立地選自F、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
及-OH。在一些實施例中,各R13
獨立地選自F、-CH3
及-OH。在一些實施例中,各R13
獨立地選自-CH3
及-OH。在一些實施例中,R13
為F、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CF3
或-OH。在一些實施例中,R13
為F、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
或-OH。在一些實施例中,R13
為-CH3
或-OH。在一些實施例中,R13
為C1
-C4
烷基或-OH。
在一些實施例中,-L3
-係如表1及/或2中所述。
在一些實施例中,為 或在一些實施例中,為如表1及/或2中所定義之R6
。
在一些實施例中,RE
係如表2中所定義。
在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物具有以下結構:
本文涵蓋上文對各個變數所述之基團的任何組合。在整篇說明書中,熟習此領域者選擇基團及其取代基以提供穩定部分及化合物。
在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物包括(但不限於)表1至2及圖1至9中所述之化合物。
本文所述之式(I)化合物係使用標準合成技術或使用此項技術中已知之方法與本文所述之方法組合來合成。另外,可改變本文中提出之溶劑、溫度及其他反應條件。
用於合成式(I)化合物之起始物質為合成的或獲自商業來源,諸如(但不限於)Sigma-Aldrich、Fluka、Acros Organics、Alfa Aesar,及其類似來源。具有不同取代基之本文所述之化合物及其他相關化合物係使用本文所述或以其他方式已知之技術及物質來合成,包括見於以下文獻中之技術及物質:March,ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY第4版,(Wiley 1992);Carey及Sundberg,ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY第4版,A及B卷(Plenum 2000,2001),及Green及Wuts,PROTECTIVE GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS第3版,(Wiley 1999)。可藉由使用適當試劑及條件來修改製備化合物之通用方法以便引入如本文提供之式中所見之各個部分。
在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物之合成如實例中所述。
適用於產生及移除保護基之技術的詳細描述係描述於Greene及Wuts,Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis,第3版,John Wiley & Sons,New York,NY,1999,及Kocienski,Protective Groups,Thieme Verlag,New York,NY,1994,該等文獻針對此揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物具有一或多個立體中心且各立體中心獨立地以R或S構型存在。本文提出之化合物包括所有非對映異構及對映異構形式。必要時藉由諸如立體選擇性合成及/或藉由對掌性層析管柱分離立體異構體之方法來獲得立體異構體。
本文所述之方法及調配包括使用具有式(I)結構之化合物的N
-氧化物(若適當)、結晶形式(亦稱為多晶型物)、非晶相及/或醫藥學上可接受之鹽,以及具有相同類型活性之此等化合物之代謝物及活性代謝物。在一些情況下,化合物可以互變異構體形式存在。所有互變異構體均包括於本文提出之化合物的範疇內。在特定實施例中,本文所述之化合物與醫藥學上可接受之溶劑(諸如水、乙醇及其類似物)一起以溶劑化形式存在。在其他實施例中,本文所述之化合物以非溶劑化形式存在。
在一些實施例中,本文所述之化合物製備成前藥形式。
「前藥」係指活體內轉化為母藥物之藥劑。在某些實施例中,活體內投與後,前藥化學轉化為生物活性、醫藥活性或治療活性形式之化合物。在某些實施例中,前藥藉由一或多個步驟或過程酶促代謝為生物活性、醫藥活性或治療活性形式之化合物。
在一些實施例中,式(I)化合物之芳環部分上之位點易受各種代謝反應的影響。在芳環結構上併入適當取代基將減少、最大程度減少或消除此代謝路徑。在特定實施例中,降低或消除芳環對代謝反應之易感性的適當取代基為(僅舉例而言)氘、鹵素或烷基。
在另一實施例中,本文所述之化合物以同位素標記或藉由另一其他手段標記,包括(但不限於)使用發色團或螢光部分、生物發光標記或化學發光標記。
在一個態樣中,經同位素(諸如氘)取代得到由較大代謝穩定性產生之某些治療優勢,諸如活體內半衰期延長或所需劑量減少。
如本文中所用,「醫藥學上可接受」係指諸如載劑或稀釋劑之物質不會消除化合物之生物活性或特性,且相對無毒,亦即該物質可投與個體而不會引起不合需要之生物效應或以有害方式與含有其之組合物之任何組分相互作用。
在一些實施例中,醫藥學上可接受之鹽係藉由使式(I)化合物與酸反應來獲得。醫藥學上可接受之鹽亦藉由使式(I)化合物與鹼反應以形成鹽來獲得。
本文所述之化合物可以醫藥學上可接受之鹽的形式形成及/或使用。醫藥學可接受之鹽的類型包括(但不限於):(1)酸加成鹽,藉由使游離鹼形式之化合物與醫藥學上可接受之以下酸反應來形成:無機酸(例如鹽酸、氫溴酸、硫酸、磷酸及其類似物);或有機酸(例如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、蘋果酸、順丁烯二酸、反丁烯二酸、三氟乙酸、酒石酸、檸檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、杏仁酸、甲烷磺酸、乙烷磺酸、1,2-乙烷二磺酸、2-羥基乙烷磺酸、苯磺酸、甲苯磺酸、2-萘磺酸、水楊酸、硬脂酸、黏康酸、丁酸、苯乙酸、苯丁酸、丙戊酸,及其類似物);(2)當存在於母化合物中之酸性質子經例如以下金屬離子置換時形成之鹽:鹼金屬離子(例如鋰、鈉鉀)、鹼土金屬離子(例如鎂或鈣),或鋁離子。在一些情況下,本文所述之化合物可與諸如但不限於以下之有機鹼配位:乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺、緩血酸胺、N-甲基還原葡糖胺、二環己胺、參(羥甲基)甲胺。在其他情況下,本文所述之化合物可與諸如(但不限於)精胺酸、離胺酸及其類似物之胺基酸形成鹽。用以與包括酸性質子之化合物形成鹽的可接受之無機鹼包括(但不限於)氫氧化鋁、氫氧化鈣、氫氧化鉀、碳酸鈉、氫氧化鈉及其類似物。在一些實施例中,製備式(I)化合物之鈉鹽。
應瞭解,提及醫藥學上可接受之鹽包括溶劑加成形式或其晶體形式,尤其溶劑合物或多晶型物。溶劑合物含有化學計算量或非化學計算量之溶劑,且可在與醫藥學上可接受之溶劑(諸如水、乙醇及其類似物)結晶過程中形成。當溶劑為水時形成水合物,或當溶劑為醇時形成醇化物。另外,本文提供之化合物可以非溶劑化以及溶劑化形式存在。一般而言,出於本文提供之化合物及方法之目的,溶劑化形式視為相等於非溶劑化形式。
本文所述之化合物(諸如式(I)化合物)可呈各種形式,包括(但不限於)非晶形式、研磨形式及奈米微粒形式。另外,本文所述之化合物包括結晶形式,亦稱為多晶型物。多晶型物包括不同晶體堆積排列之相同元素組成之化合物。
除非另作說明,否則本申請案(包括說明書及申請專利範圍)中所用之以下術語具有下文給出之定義。必須指出,如說明書及隨附申請專利範圍中所用,除非上下文另外明確規定,否則單數形式「一」及「該」包括複數個指示物。除非另有規定,否則採用質譜、NMR、HPLC、蛋白質化學、生物化學、重組DNA技術及藥理學之習知方法。在本申請案中,除非另有說明,否則使用「或」或「及」意謂「及/或」。此外,使用各種形式之術語「包括」並無限制性。本文中所用之章節標題僅用於組織目的且不應視為限制所述標的物。
「烷基」係指脂族烴。烷基可為飽和或不飽和的。烷基無論飽和或不飽和均為分支鏈烷基或直鏈烷基。典型烷基包括(但決不限於)甲基、乙基、丙基、異丙基、丁基、異丁基、第二丁基、第三丁基、戊基、新戊基、己基、烯丙基、丁-2-烯基、丁-3-烯基及其類似基團。
術語「伸烷基」係指二價烷基。任何上述單價烷基均可為自烷基去除第二氫原子之伸烷基。在一個態樣中,伸烷基為C1
-C6
伸烷基。在另一態樣中,伸烷基為C1
-C4
伸烷基。典型伸烷基包括(但不限於)亞甲基、伸乙基、伸丙基、伸丁基、伸戊基、伸己基。典型伸烷基包括(但不限於)-CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
CH2
CH2
-及其類似基團。
「烷氧基」係指(烷基)O-基團,其中烷基係如本文中所定義。
「環烷基」係指環丙基、環丙烯基、環丁基、環丁烯基、環戊基、環戊烯基、環己基或環己烯基。
術語「鹵」或者「鹵素」或「鹵離子」意謂氟、氯、溴或碘。
術語「氟烷基」係指一或多個氫原子經氟原子置換之烷基。
術語「雜烷基」係指烷基之一個骨架原子係選自除碳外之原子(例如氧、氮(例如NH)或硫)的烷基。在一些實施例中,在一個態樣中,雜烷基係指烷基之一個骨架原子為氧的烷基。在一些實施例中,在一個態樣中,雜烷基係指烷基之一個骨架原子為NH的烷基。在一些實施例中,雜烷基係指烷基之一個骨架原子為NH或N烷基的烷基。
術語「伸雜烷基」係指烷基之一個骨架原子係選自除碳外之原子(例如氧、氮(例如NH)或硫)的伸烷基。在一個態樣中,伸雜烷基為C1
-C6
伸雜烷基。在另一態樣中,伸雜烷基為C3
-C6
伸雜烷基。在又一態樣中,伸雜烷基為C3
-C4
伸雜烷基。例示性伸雜烷基包括(但不限於)-OCH2
-、-OCH2
CH2
-、-OCH2
CH2
CH2
-、-CH2
O-、-CH2
CH2
O-、-CH2
CH2
CH2
O-、-CH2
OCH2
-、-CH2
OCH2
CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
OCH2
-、-SCH2
-、-SCH2
CH2
-、-SCH2
CH2
CH2
-、-CH2
S-、-CH2
CH2
S-、-CH2
CH2
CH2
S-、-CH2
SCH2
-、-CH2
SCH2
CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
SCH2
-、-NHCH2
-、-NHCH2
CH2
-、-NHCH2
CH2
CH2
-、-CH2
NH-、-CH2
CH2
NH-、-CH2
CH2
CH2
NH-、-CH2
NHCH2
-、-CH2
NHCH2
CH2
-、-CH2
CH2
NHCH2
-,及其類似基團。
術語「視情況經取代」或「經取代」意謂所提及之基團可經一或多個個別及獨立地選自以下之其他基團取代:鹵素、-CN、-NH2
、-OH、-NH(CH3
)、-N(CH3
)2
、烷基、環烷基、氟烷基、雜烷基、烷氧基、氟烷氧基、-S-烷基或-S(=O)2
烷基。在一些實施例中,視情況存在之取代基係選自鹵素、-CN、-NH2
、-OH、-NH(CH3
)、-N(CH3
)2
、-CH3
、-CH2
CH3
、-CH(CH3
)2
、-CF3
、-CH2
CF3
、-OCH3
、-OCH2
CH3
、-OCF3
及-OCH2
CF3
。在一些實施例中,經取代之基團經一或兩個前述基團取代。在一些實施例中,經取代之基團經一個前述基團取代。
如本文中關於調配物、組合物或成分使用之術語「可接受」意謂對所治療之個體的一般健康狀況無持續性不利影響。
如本文中所用,術語「調節」意謂與目標物直接或間接相互作用,以便改變目標物之活性,包括(僅舉例而言)增強目標物之活性、抑制目標物之活性、限制目標物之活性,或延長目標物之活性。
如本文中所用,術語「調節劑」係指與目標物直接或間接相互作用之分子。相互作用包括(但不限於)促效劑、局部促效劑、反向促效劑及拮抗劑之相互作用。在一個實施例中,調節劑為拮抗劑。
如本文中所用,術語「促效劑」係指結合於特異性受體且觸發細胞中之反應之分子,諸如化合物、藥物、酶活化劑或激素調節劑。促效劑模擬結合於同一受體之內源配位體(諸如LPA、前列腺素、激素或神經傳遞質)之作用。
如本文中所用,術語「拮抗劑」係指減小、抑制或防止另一分子之作用或受體位點之活性的分子,諸如化合物。拮抗劑包括(但不限於)競爭性拮抗劑、非競爭性拮抗劑、無競爭性拮抗劑、局部促效劑及反向促效劑。
如本文中所用,「LPA依賴性」係指在無LPA存在下不會出現,或不會以相同程度出現之病狀或病症。
如本文中所用,術語「LPA介導」係指在無LPA存在下可能出現但在LPA存在下會出現之病狀或病症。
如本文中所用,術語「共投與」或其類似術語意欲涵蓋投與單一患者以所選治療劑,且意欲包括藉由相同或不同投藥途徑或在相同或不同時間投與藥劑之治療方案。
如本文中所用,術語「有效量」或「治療有效量」係指足以在某種程度上減輕所治療之疾病或病狀之一或多種症狀的所投與藥劑或化合物之量。結果可為疾病之症候、症狀或病因之減輕及/或緩解,或生物系統之任何其他所需變化。舉例而言,用於治療用途之「有效量」為使疾病症狀發生臨床上顯著之減輕所需的包含如本文揭示之化合物之組合物之量。在任何個別情況下,適當「有效」量均可使用諸如劑量遞增研究(dose escalation study)之技術來確定。
如本文中所用,術語「醫藥組合」意謂混合或組合一種以上活性成分所產生之產物,且包括活性成分之固定與非固定組合。術語「固定組合」意謂活性成分(例如式(I)化合物與輔劑(co-agent))以單一實體或劑量之形式同時投與患者。術語「非固定組合」意謂活性成分(例如式(I)化合物與輔劑)以個別實體之形式同時、並行或依次而無特定時間間隔限制投與患者,其中此投與在患者體內提供有效含量之兩種化合物。後者亦適用於混合療法(cocktail therapy),例如投與三種或三種以上活性成分。
術語「個體」或「患者」涵蓋哺乳動物。哺乳動物之實例包括(但不限於)人類、黑猩猩、猿、猴、牛、馬、綿羊、山羊、豬、兔、狗、貓、齧齒動物、大鼠、小鼠、豚鼠及其類似動物。在一個實施例中,哺乳動物為人類。
如本文中所用,術語「治療」包括預防性及/或治療性緩解、緩和或改善疾病或病狀之至少一種症狀、預防其他症狀、抑制疾病或病狀,例如遏止疾病或病狀之發展、減輕疾病或病狀、使得疾病或病狀衰退、減輕由疾病或病狀引起之病狀,或停止疾病或者病狀之症狀。
在一些實施例中,將本文所述之化合物調配為醫藥組合物。以習知方式,使用一或多種有助於將活性化合物加工為可在醫藥學上使用之製劑的醫藥學上可接受之非活性成分來調配醫藥組合物。適當調配視所選投藥途徑而定。本文所述之醫藥組合物的概述可見於例如Remington: The Science and Practice of Pharmacy,第十九版(Easton,Pa.: Mack Publishing Company,1995);Hoover,John E.,Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton,Pennsylvania 1975;Liberman,H.A.及Lachman,L.編,Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms,Marcel Decker,New York,N.Y.,1980;及Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems,第七版(Lippincott Williams及Wilkins 1999),該等文獻針對此揭示內容以引用的方式併入本文中。
如本文中所用,醫藥組合物係指式(I)化合物與其他化學組分(亦即醫藥學上可接受之非活性成分)之混合物,該等其他化學組分諸如載劑、賦形劑、黏合劑、填充劑、懸浮劑、調味劑、甜味劑、崩解劑、分散劑、界面活性劑、潤滑劑、著色劑、稀釋劑、增溶劑、濕潤劑、增塑劑、穩定劑、穿透增強劑、濕潤劑、消泡劑、抗氧化劑、防腐劑或其一或多種組合。醫藥組合物有助於該化合物投與生物體。
本文所述之醫藥調配物可以多種方式藉由多種投藥途徑投與個體,包括(但不限於)經口、非經腸(例如靜脈內、皮下、肌肉內、髓內注射、鞘內、直接心室內、腹膜內、淋巴管內、鼻內注射)、鼻內、頰內、表面或經皮投藥途徑。本文所述之醫藥調配物包括(但不限於)水性液體分散液、自乳化分散液、固溶體、脂質體分散液、噴霧劑、固體劑型、散劑、即刻釋放調配物、控制釋放調配物、快速熔融調配物、錠劑、膠囊、丸劑、延遲釋放調配物、延長釋放調配物、脈衝式釋放調配物、多微粒調配物,及即刻釋放調配物與控制釋放調配物之混合物。在一些實施例中,經口投與式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,表面投與式(I)化合物。在此等實施例中,將式(I)化合物調配為多種可表面投與之組合物,諸如溶液、懸浮液、洗劑、凝膠、糊劑、香波、擦洗物(scrub)、擦塗物(rub)、塗抹物(smear)、藥用棒(medicated stick)、藥用繃帶、香膏(balm)、乳膏或軟膏。在一個態樣中,將式(I)化合物表面投與皮膚。
在另一態樣中,藉由吸入投與式(I)化合物。在另一態樣中,調配式(I)化合物以用於鼻內投與。此等調配物包括經鼻噴霧、經鼻霧劑及其類似物。
在另一態樣中,將式(I)化合物調配為滴眼劑。在任何上述態樣中,提供其他實施例,其中將有效量之式(I)化合物:(a)全身性投與哺乳動物;及/或(b)經口投與哺乳動物;及/或(c)靜脈內投與哺乳動物;及/或(d)藉由吸入投與哺乳動物;及/或(e)藉由經鼻投藥來投與哺乳動物;或及/或(f)藉由注射投與哺乳動物;及/或(g)表面投與哺乳動物;及/或(h)藉由眼部投藥來投與;及/或(i)經直腸投與哺乳動物;及/或(j)非全身性或局部投與哺乳動物。
在任何上述態樣中,提供包含單次投與有效量之該化合物的其他實施例,包括其他實施例,其中(i)一次性投與化合物;(ii)在一天內多次將化合物投與哺乳動物;(iii)頻繁投與化合物;或(iv)連續投與化合物。
在任何上述態樣中,提供包含多次投與有效量之化合物的其他實施例,包括其他實施例,其中(i)連續或間歇地以單次劑量形式投與化合物;(ii)多次投與之間的時間間隔為6小時;(iii)每8小時將化合物投與哺乳動物;(iv)每12小時將化合物投與哺乳動物;(v)每24小時將化合物投與哺乳動物。在其他或替代性實施例中,該方法包含藥物假日(drug holiday),其中暫停投與化合物或所投與化合物之劑量暫時減小;在藥物假日結束時,繼續化合物之給藥。在一個實施例中,藥物假日之長度自2天至1年不等。在某些實施例中,以局部而非全身性方式投與如本文所述之化合物。
在一些實施例中,表面投與本文所述之化合物。在一些實施例中,全身性投與本文所述之化合物。在一些實施例中,醫藥調配物呈錠劑形式。在其他實施例中,式(I)化合物之醫藥調配物呈膠囊形式。
在一個態樣中,供經口投與之液體調配物劑型呈選自包括(但不限於)以下之群的水性懸浮液或溶液之形式:水性口服分散液、乳液、溶液、酏劑、凝膠及糖漿。
對於吸入投與,調配式(I)化合物以便以噴霧劑、霧劑或散劑形式使用。對於頰內或舌下投與,組合物可採用以習知方式調配之錠劑、口含錠或凝膠之形式。
在一些實施例中,製備經皮劑型之式(I)化合物。在一個態樣中,將式(I)化合物調配為適用於肌肉內、皮下或靜脈內注射之醫藥組合物。在一些實施例中,本文所述之化合物可表面投與且可調配為多種可表面投與之組合物,諸如溶液、懸浮液、洗劑、凝膠、糊劑、藥用棒、香膏、乳膏或軟膏。在一些實施例中,將式(I)化合物調配於直腸用組合物中,諸如灌腸劑、直腸用凝膠、直腸用泡沫、直腸用噴霧劑、栓劑、膠凍狀栓劑(jelly suppository)或保留灌腸劑。給藥方法及治療方案在一個實施例中,式(I)化合物係用於製備治療LPA依賴性或LPA介導之疾病或病狀之藥物。另外,治療需要此治療之個體之本文所述之任何疾病或病狀的方法涉及投與該個體以治療有效量之醫藥組合物,其包括至少一種式(I)化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽、活性代謝物、前藥或溶劑合物。
在某些實施例中,投與含有本文所述之化合物的組合物以用於預防性及/或治療性處理。在某些治療性應用中,投與已罹患疾病或病狀之患者以足以治癒或至少部分遏止該疾病或病狀之至少一種症狀之量的組合物。對於此用途有效之量視疾病或病狀之嚴重度及病程、先前療法、患者之健康狀況、體重及對藥物之反應,及治療醫師之判斷而定。治療有效量視情況藉由包括(但不限於)劑量遞增臨床試驗之方法來確定。
在預防性應用中,投與易患特定疾病、病症或病狀或另外處於特定疾病、病症或病狀風險中之患者以含有本文所述之化合物的組合物。
在某些實施例中,所投與藥物之劑量可暫時減小或暫停一定時間(亦即「藥物假日」)。
成年人治療所採用之劑量通常在每日0.01 mg-5000 mg或每日約1 mg至約1000 mg之範圍內。在一個實施例中,所需劑量宜以單次劑量或分次劑量提供。
患者選擇
在涉及預防或治療LPA介導之疾病或病狀之任何上述態樣中,提供包含藉由篩選LPA受體基因SNP來鑑別患者之其他實施例。可基於相關組織中之LPA受體表現增加來進一步選擇患者。LPA受體表現係藉由包括(但不限於)北方墨點法(northern blotting)、西方墨點法(western blotting)、定量PCR(qPCR)、流式細胞量測術、自動放射攝影術(使用小分子放射性配位體或PET配位體)之方法來測定。在一些實施例中,基於質譜分析量測之血清或組織LPA之濃度來選擇患者。在一些實施例中,基於上述標誌(LPA濃度增加及LPA受體表現增加)之組合選擇患者。
組合治療
在某些情況下,宜投與至少一種式(I)化合物與另一治療劑組合。
在一個特定實施例中,式(I)化合物與第二治療劑共投與,其中式(I)化合物及第二治療劑調節所治療之疾病、病症或病狀之不同態樣,由此所提供之總體益處大於單獨投與任一治療劑。
對於本文所述之組合療法,共投與化合物之劑量視所用輔助藥物之類型、所用特定藥物、所治療之疾病或病狀等而變。在其他實施例中,當與一或多種其他治療劑共投與時,本文提供之化合物與該一或多種其他治療劑同時或依次投與。
若同時投與,則多種治療劑(僅舉例而言)以單一統一形式或以多個形式提供。
在本文所述之另一實施例中,治療增生性病症(包括癌症)之方法包括對哺乳動物投與式(I)化合物與一或多種抗癌劑及/或輻射療法之組合。
在一個態樣中,式(I)化合物用以治療或減輕哺乳動物之纖維化。在一個態樣中,與一或多種免疫抑制劑組合投與式(I)化合物。在一些實施例中,與皮質類固醇一起投與式(I)化合物。
在本文所述之又一實施例中,治療LPA依賴性或LPA介導之病狀或疾病之方法(諸如呼吸道病症(例如肺纖維化、哮喘、COPD、鼻炎)之療法)包含投與患者以本文所述之化合物、醫藥組合物或藥物與至少一種用於治療呼吸道病狀之藥劑的組合。
在一些實施例中,將式(I)化合物與消炎劑組合投與患者。
在一個實施例中,將式(I)化合物與吸入型皮質類固醇組合投與患者。
實例
此等實例僅出於說明性目的而提供且不限制本文提供之申請專利範圍的範疇。
實例1:合成5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺
步驟1:3-甲胺基-丁-2-烯酸甲酯:
在室溫下向乙醯乙酸甲酯(29.4 g,253 mmol)於MeOH(30 mL)中之溶液中逐滴添加甲胺(33% w/w於EtOH中,48 mL,385 mmol)。攪拌反應物1小時,接著濃縮並乾燥,得到呈白色結晶固體狀之標題化合物。
步驟2:2-(4-溴-苯甲醯基)-3-側氧基-丁酸甲酯:
向3-甲胺基-丁-2-烯酸甲酯(5.0 g,39.1 mmol)於THF(100 mL)中之溶液中添加吡啶(3.7 mL,47 mmol)。將混合物冷卻至0℃,且經2分鐘逐滴添加4-溴苯甲醯氯(8.55 g,39.1 mmol)於THF(30 mL)中之溶液。經1小時將反應物升溫至室溫且攪拌隔夜。水性處理提供標題化合物。
步驟3:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲酸甲酯:
向2-(4-溴-苯甲醯基)-3-側氧基-丁酸甲酯(11 g,39 mmol)於乙酸(50 mL)中之混合物中添加鹽酸羥胺(2.66 g,39 mmol),且在115℃下攪拌反應物1小時。冷卻後,水性處理提供標題化合物,其直接用於水解步驟中。
步驟4:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲酸:
以氫氧化鋰(2 g,48 mmol)處理5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲酸甲酯(39 mmol)於MeOH(50 mL)及H2
O(10 mL)中之溶液,且在60℃下攪拌反應物1小時。酸化混合物,且標準處理提供標題化合物。
步驟5:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺:
在甲苯中組合5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲酸(1.1 g,4.1 mmol)、二苯基磷醯基疊氮化物(1.2 mL,4.3 mmol)及三乙胺(1.14 mL,8.2 mmol)且在120℃下攪拌25分鐘。在冷卻至室溫之後,添加H2
O(2 mL)於THF(2 mL)中之溶液且在88℃下攪拌反應物2小時。將混合物冷卻至室溫且以EtOAc萃取。濃縮經合併之有機層,得到標題化合物。
實例2:鈴木反應(Suzuki Reaction)
在約2-3:1 DME:H2
O中組合4-經取代-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑(1當量)、酸或酸酯(1.2-2.0當量)、肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(約0.05-0.15當量),及碳酸氫鈉或碳酸鉀(約2-2.5當量),且以N2
(g)淨化混合物。在60-90℃下攪拌反應物至少1小時至隔夜,接著冷卻並濃縮。藉由矽膠層析純化粗物質。
實例3:合成1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
步驟1:1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙腈:
將氫氧化鉀(14.3 g,255 mmol)溶解於H2
O(5 mL)及甲苯(40 mL)中。添加4-溴苯基乙腈(5.0 g,25.5 mmol)及溴化四丁銨(0.41 g,1.3 mmol),且經10分鐘逐滴添加1,2-二溴乙烷(3.25 mL,38 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應物2小時,接著進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。
步驟2:1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷甲酸:
在乙二醇(70 mL)中組合1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙腈(5 g,22.5 mmol)與氫氧化鉀(5 g,89.3 mmol),且在180℃下攪拌反應物4小時。將混合物傾入H2
O中,酸化,且過濾,得到標題化合物。
步驟3:1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
以硫酸(2 mL)處理1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷甲酸(5 g,20.7 mmol)於EtOH(50 mL)中之溶液且在75℃下攪拌反應物1小時。標準水性處理得到標題化合物。
步驟4:1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼 -2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
在1,4-二噁烷(30 mL)中在N2
下組合1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(3 g,13.mmol)、雙(頻哪醇根基)二硼(3.37 g,16.1 mmol)及乙酸鉀(2.8 g,29.0 mmol)。以N2
淨化溶液10分鐘,接著添加(1,1'-雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵)-二氯鈀(II)(0.50 g,0.65 mmol),且將反應物加熱至80℃歷時2小時。在水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析(含0-30% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。
步驟5:1-[4'-(4-第三丁氧羰基胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
在DME(30 mL)及H2
O(10 mL)中組合[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-胺基甲酸第三丁酯(2.0 g,5.6 mmol)、1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(1.78 g,5.6 mmol)、肆(三苯膦)鈀(0)(0.65 g,0.56 mmol)及碳酸氫鈉(1.4 g,16.8 mmol),且以N2
淨化混合物。在80℃下攪拌反應物隔夜,且在水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析(含0-40%EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。
步驟6:1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
以三氟乙酸(4 mL)處理1-[4'-(4-第三丁氧羰基胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(1.5 g,3.2 mmol)於CH2
Cl2
(10 mL)中之溶液。攪拌反應物1小時。中和混合物且進行標準處理,得到標題化合物。
實例4:烷酯水解
向甲酸乙酯化合物(1當量)於THF及/或MeOH及H2
O中之溶液中添加氫氧化鋰(3-20當量),且在60℃-70℃下攪拌反應物1小時至隔夜。在酸性處理後,藉由製備型HPLC純化粗物質。
實例5:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丁胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物1)
步驟1:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丁胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸
在CH2
Cl2
中混合1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.1 g,0.27 mmol)、3-苯基-丁醛(0.048 g,0.33 mmol)及三乙醯氧基硼氫化鈉(0.11 g,0.54 mmol)且攪拌隔夜。添加單水合氫氧化鋰(0.100 g,2.38 mmol)於MeOH/H2
O中之溶液且在60℃下攪拌反應物1小時。對反應物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。
實例6:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-甲醇
步驟1:
在EtOH中組合5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲酸甲酯(5 g,16.8 mmol)與硼氫化鋰(1.85 g,84.1 mmol)且在60℃下攪拌。在水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。
實例7:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物2)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(3-苯基-丙基)-胺:
在CH2
Cl2
中組合5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺(0.300 g,1.19 mmol)、氫化肉桂醛(0.192 g,1.43 mmol)及氰基硼氫化鈉(0.188 g,2.99 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌隔夜。在水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(3-苯基-丙基)-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例8:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-異丙基-苯基)-2-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物3)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(4-異丙基-苯基)-2-甲基-丙基]-胺:
在甲苯(3 mL)中組合5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺(0.300 g,1.19 mmol)與3-(4-異丙基苯基)異丁醛(0.272 g,1.43 mmol)且在110℃下攪拌1小時。在冷卻至室溫之後,在真空下移除甲苯且以THF(4 mL)稀釋混合物。添加氰基硼氫化鈉(0.188 g,2.98 mmol),且在室溫下攪拌反應物1小時。將混合物吸附於矽膠上且藉由矽膠層析純化,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-異丙基-苯基)-2-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
:根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(4-異丙基-苯基)-2-甲基-丙基]-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例9:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物4)步驟1:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及苯甲基丙酮來製備。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例10:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(苯乙基胺基-甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物5)步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛:
以4-甲基嗎啉N-氧化物(0.786 g,6.7 mmol)及高釕酸四丙基銨(催化)於CH2
Cl2
中之溶液處理[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-甲醇(1.2 g,4.5 mmol)。標準處理程序得到標題化合物。步驟2:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-苯乙基-胺:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及2-苯乙胺來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(苯乙基胺基-甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-苯乙基-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟4:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟3之酯水解成酸。
實例11:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑:
在-78℃下向溴化(3-苯丙基)三苯鏻(0.956 g,2.07 mmol)於THF(5 mL)中之溶液中緩慢添加正丁基鋰(2.5 M於己烷中,0.83 mL,2.07 mmol)且攪拌混合物15分鐘。添加5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛(0.500 g,1.88 mmol)於THF(3 mL)中之溶液,且將反應物升溫至0℃且攪拌1小時。以1N HCl水溶液稀釋溶液且以EtOAc萃取兩次。經Na2
SO4
乾燥經合併之有機層,傾析且濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(含0-20% EtOAc之己烷)純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸:
以3 N NaOH水溶液(0.75 mL,2.25 mmol)處理1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.072 g,0.15 mmol)於THF(2 mL)及EtOH(1 mL)中之溶液且在75℃下攪拌反應物隔夜。以1 N HCl水溶液(2.25 mL)酸化混合物且以CH2
Cl2
萃取。經MgSO4
乾燥經合併之有機層,過濾且濃縮,且藉由製備型HPLC純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
實例12:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物6)步驟1:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸:
將1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(0.030 g,0.07 mmol)溶解於EtOAc及MeOH中。添加10%鈀/碳(勺尖),且在以氣球通H2
下攪拌反應物隔夜。過濾混合物,且濃縮,得到標題化合物。
實例13:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸步驟1:4-溴甲基-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑
以三溴化磷(1.5 mL,16.11 mmol)處理[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-甲醇(2.88 g,10.74 mmol)於DME(23 mL)中之溶液且在室溫下攪拌反應物1小時。水性處理提供標題化合物。步驟2:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙腈
向4-溴甲基-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑(10.74 mmol)於DMF(30 mL)中之溶液中添加氰化鉀(0.729 g,10.74 mmol),且在65℃下攪拌反應物隔夜。水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析(含0-70% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。步驟3:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸
以4 N NaOH水溶液(6 mL,23.85 mmol)處理[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙腈(1.652 g,5.96 mmol)於EtOH(9 mL)中之溶液且在75℃下攪拌反應物3小時。以2 N HCl水溶液(12 mL)酸化混合物且當將溶液冷卻至室溫時形成沈澱物。過濾混合物且乾燥固體物質,得到標題化合物。
實例14:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物7)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸乙酯:
以亞硫醯氯(0.2 mL,2.73 mmol)處理[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸(0.405 g,1.37 mmol)於EtOH(4 mL)中之溶液,且在室溫下攪拌反應物直至藉由分析型TLC發現無起始物質為止。鹼性處理後,藉由矽膠層析(含0-100% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。
步驟2:2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇:
在0℃下向[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸乙酯(1.37 mmol)於THF(3 mL)中之溶液中添加氫化鋰鋁(0.060 g,1.47 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應物1小時。以EtOAc及1 N HCl水溶液稀釋混合物,且以EtOAc萃取水層。以鹽水洗滌經合併之有機層,經MgSO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到標題化合物。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
向1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.080 g,0.19 mmol)於DMF(1 mL)中之溶液中依次添加氫化鈉(60%於礦物油中,0.010 g,0.24 mmol)、苯甲基溴(0.024 mL,0.20 mmol),且在室溫下攪拌反應物1小時。水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析(含0-15% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。步驟5:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟4之酯水解成酸。
實例15:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-胺基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
步驟1:(E)-3-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丙烯酸甲酯:
在0℃下向氫化鈉(60%於礦物油中,0.471 g,11.03 mmol)於THF(10 mL)中之溶液中添加膦醯乙酸三甲酯(1.1 mL,7.58 mmol)。再添加THF(15 mL)以有助於攪拌且經15分鐘將溶液升溫至室溫。冷卻至0℃後,添加5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛(1.834 g,6.89 mmol)於THF(8 mL)中之溶液且在室溫下攪拌反應物10分鐘。以EtOAc及NH4
Cl水溶液萃取混合物,經MgSO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-((E)-2-甲氧羰基-乙烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用(E)-3-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丙烯酸甲酯及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-(2-甲氧羰基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
在EtOAc(25 mL)中組合1-{4'-[4-((E)-2-甲氧羰基-乙烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(1.249 g,2.89 mmol)及10%鈀/碳(0.135 g)且在H2
氛圍下攪拌4小時。添加EtOH(25 mL),以及另外10%鈀/碳(一刮勺),且在H2
下攪拌反應物2天,需要時更換H2
氣球。當藉由分析型LCMS發現無起始物質時,經由矽藻土過濾混合物且濃縮濾液,得到標題化合物。步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(2-羧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯 苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例4中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2-甲氧羰基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟5:1-{4'-[4-(2-胺基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
在甲苯(8 mL)中組合1-{4'-[4-(2-羧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.825 g,1.97 mmol)、第三丁醇(0.21 mL,2.16 mmol)、二苯基磷醯基疊氮化物(0.47 mL,2.16 mmol)及三乙胺(0.3 mL,2.16 mmol),且在100℃下攪拌4小時。將反應物冷卻至80℃且再添加第三丁醇(0.21 mL,2.16 mmol)。在80℃下攪拌隔夜後,將反應物冷卻至室溫且進行水性處理。藉由矽膠層析(含0-100% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,接著,以4 HCl之1,4-二噁烷溶液處理分離之產物,且在60℃下攪拌隔夜。過濾溶液,且濃縮,得到標題化合物。
實例16:合成1-[4'-(4-羥甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-甲醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
實例17:合成1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基氧基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸(化合物8)
步驟1:1-[4'-(4-溴甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
在0℃下將三溴化磷(0.43 mL,4.53 mmol)添加至1-[4'-(4-羥甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(1.14 g,3.02 mmol)於DME(30 mL)中之溶液中。在室溫下攪拌反應物隔夜,接著冷卻至0℃,且以飽和NaHCO3
水溶液中和至pH 7。使混合物在CH2
Cl2
與H2
O之間分配,且以CH2
Cl2
萃取水層。經MgSO4
乾燥經合併之有機層,過濾且濃縮,且藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
步驟2:
將氫化鈉(60%於礦物油中,0.027 g,0.68 mmol)添加至1-[4'-(4-溴甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.200 g,0.45 mmol)及苯乙醇(0.06 mL,0.45 mmol)於DMF(5 mL)中之溶液中。在55℃下攪拌反應物隔夜,接著使其在EtOAc與H2
O之間分配,且以1 N HCl水溶液酸化。以EtOAc萃取水層,且經MgSO4
乾燥經合併之有機層,過濾且濃縮。藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
實例18:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-2-苯基-乙氧基甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物9)步驟1:
根據實例17步驟2中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-溴甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-苯基-丙-2-醇來製備。
實 例19:合成1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基硫基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸(化合物10)步驟1:1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基硫基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將氫化鈉(60%於礦物油中,0.070 g,1.70 mmol)添加至1-[4'-(4-溴甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.500 g,1.13 mmol)及2-苯基乙硫醇(0.15 mL,1.13 mmol)於DMF中之溶液中。在室溫下攪拌反應物2小時,接著在EtOAc與H2
O之間分配且以1 N HCl水溶液酸化。以EtOAc萃取水層,且經MgSO4
乾燥經合併之有機層,過濾且濃縮。分析型LCMS指示存在標題化合物與水解酸之混合物,因此將粗物質直接用於水解步驟中。步驟2:
向1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基硫基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(1.13 mmol)於MeOH及H2
O中之溶液中添加氫氧化鋰(過量)且在70℃下攪拌反應物3小時。在酸性處理後,藉由矽膠層析純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。
實例20:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-苯基-丙氧基甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物11)步驟1:
根據實例17步驟2中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-溴甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及2-苯基-丙-1-醇來製備。
實 例21:合成1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[(甲基-苯乙基-胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-甲基-苯乙基-胺:
在MeOH中組合5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛(0.150 g,0.56 mmol)與N
-甲基-苯乙胺(0.10 mL,0.67 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌隔夜。藉由分析型LCMS發現無起始物質後,添加硼氫化鈉(0.064 g,1.69 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌反應物1小時。添加H2
O且以EtOAc萃取混合物。乾燥經合併之有機層且濃縮,且藉由矽膠層析純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[(甲基-苯乙基-胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-甲基-苯乙基-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例22:合成1-(4'-{4-[(2-羥基-2-苯基-乙胺基)-甲基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物12)步驟1:2-{[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-胺基}-1-苯基-乙醇:
根據實例21步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及2-胺基-1-苯基-乙醇來製備。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[(2-羥基-2-苯基-乙胺基)-甲基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用2-{[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-胺基}-1-苯基-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例23:合成1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[(2-苯基-丙胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物13)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-(2-苯基-丙基)-胺:
根據實例21步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及2-苯基-丙胺來製備。步驟2:1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[(2-苯基-丙胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-(2-苯基-丙基)-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例24:合成1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[2-(1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物14)步驟1:
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及(1-溴乙基)苯來製備。
實例25:合成1-(4'-{4-[2-(2-氯-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物15)步驟1:
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-溴甲基-2-氯-苯來製備。
實例26:合成1-(4'-{4-[2-(3-氯-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物16) 步驟1
:根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-溴甲基-3-氯-苯來製備。
實 例27:合成1-(4'-{4-[2-(4-氯-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物17)步驟1
:根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-溴甲基-4-氯-苯來製備。
實例28:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基硫基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物18)步驟1:甲烷磺酸2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酯:
在0℃下向2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇(0.100 g,0.35 mmol)及三乙胺(0.10 mL,0.71 mmol)於THF中之溶液中添加甲烷磺醯氯(0.05 mL,0.62 mmol)且在0℃下攪拌反應物1小時。以H2
O稀釋混合物且以EtOAc萃取,且以H2
O、飽和NaHCO3
水溶液及鹽水洗滌經合併之有機層。經MgSO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到標題化合物。步驟2:4-(2-苯甲基硫基-乙基)-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑:
在EtOH中組合苯甲基硫醇(0.06 mL,0.45 mmol)與氫氧化鈉(0.030 g,0.76 mmol)。添加甲烷磺酸2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酯(0.161 g,0.45 mmol)且在70℃下攪拌反應物2小時。以EtOAc及H2
O稀釋混合物且分離。以H2
O及鹽水洗滌有機層,經Na2
SO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮,得到標題化合物。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基硫基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用4-(2-苯甲基硫基-乙基)-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
實例29:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-2-苯基-丙氧基甲基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物19)步驟1:
根據實例17步驟2中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-溴甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及2-苯基-丙烷-1,2-二醇來製備。
實例30:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯乙基-環氧乙烷基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.343 g,0.718 mmol)及間氯過苯甲酸(0.181 g,0.79 mmol)於CH2
Cl2
中攪拌隔夜。添加額外份之間氯過苯甲酸且再攪拌反應物隔夜。標準水性處理及矽膠層析(含0-100% EtOA之己烷)得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
向1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯乙基-環氧乙烷基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.421 g,0.85 mmol)於苯(4.2 mL)中之溶液中添加乙醚合三氟化硼(1 M於Et2
O中,0.94 mL,0.94 mmol)且攪拌反應物1小時。以EtOAc及H2
O稀釋混合物,分離,且以EtOAc萃取水層。以鹽水洗滌經合併之有機層,經MgSO4
乾燥,過濾且濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(含0-50% EtOAc之己烷)純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例31:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物20)步驟1:
以硼氫化鈉(0.001 g,0.03 mmol)處理1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(0.015 g,0.03 mmol)於MeOH中之溶液且在室溫下攪拌5分鐘。水性處理提供標題化合物。
實例32:合成1-[4'-(4-羧甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸苯甲酯:
將苯甲基溴(0.491 mL,4.13 mmol)及碳酸銫(1.68 g,5.16 mmol)添加至[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸(1.02 g,3.44 mmol)中且在室溫下攪拌反應物。兩小時後,添加苯甲基溴之第二等分試樣(0.100 mL)。當依據分析型LCMS反應完成時,對其進行標準水性處理,獲得標題化合物。步驟2:1-[4'-(4-苯甲氧基羰基甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酸苯甲酯及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-[4'-(4-羧甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-[4'-(4-苯甲氧基羰基甲基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.171 g,0.35 mmol)於THF(3 mL)及MeOH(3 mL)中攪拌且添加1 N NaOH水溶液(1 mL)。1.5小時後,對反應物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。
實例33:合成1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物21)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
向1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.182 g,0.37 mmol)於苯(1.5 mL)中之溶液中添加三氟化(二乙胺基)硫(DAST)(0.11 mL,0.81 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應物隔夜,接著在65℃下再攪拌24小時。再添加三氟化(二乙胺基)硫(0.11 mL,0.81 mmol),但藉由分析型LCMS未觀察到產物。接著添加三氟化雙(2-甲氧基乙基)胺基硫(Deoxo-Fluor)(50%於甲苯中,5 mL)且在65℃下攪拌反應物隔夜。在冷卻至室溫之後,以CH2
Cl2
及飽和NaHCO3
水溶液萃取混合物。藉由矽膠層析(含0-25% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例34:合成1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[((R)-2-苯基-丙胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物22)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-((R)-2-苯基-丙基)-胺:
根據實例21步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及(R)-(+)-β-甲基苯乙胺來製備。
步驟2:1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[((R)-2-苯基-丙胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基甲基]-((R)-2-苯基-丙基)-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例35:合成1-{4'-[4-(3-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物23)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(3-羥基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
在N2
氛圍下將1-{4'-[4-(2-羧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.336 g,0.8 mmol)及三乙胺(0.145 mL,1.04 mmol)溶解於THF(6.6 mL)中且冷卻至0℃。添加氯甲酸異丁酯(0.126 mL,0.96 mmol),且攪拌反應物40分鐘,接著過濾,以二噁烷及THF沖洗,且收集濾液且濃縮。將粗物質溶解於THF(10 mL)、H2
O(4.4 mL)及EtOH(1.9 mL)中,接著添加硼氫化鈉(0.176 g,4.6 mmol)。將反應物加熱至50℃歷時五小時,接著冷卻,且進行標準水性處理。在矽膠上純化(含0-80% EtOAc之己烷)殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-側氧基-丙基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯
:根據實例10步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(3-羥基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-(3-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
在N2
氛圍下將1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-側氧基-丙基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.250 g,0.62 mmol)溶解於THF中且冷卻至0℃。添加溴化苯甲基鎂(19%於THF中,0.62 mL,0.62 mmol),且使反應物緩慢升溫至室溫。1.5小時後,將反應物冷卻至0℃且再添加溴化苯甲基鎂(19%於THF中,0.1 mL,0.10 mmol),且攪拌反應物30分鐘。以飽和NH4
Cl水溶液淬滅混合物且以EtOAc萃取。乾燥經合併之有機層且濃縮,且藉由矽膠層析(含0-60% EtOAc之己烷)純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。步驟4:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟3之酯水解成酸。
實例36:合成1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
在N2
氛圍下將5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛(0.375 g,1.41 mmol)溶解於THF(3.75 mL)中且冷卻至0℃。添加溴化烯丙基鎂(1 M於Et2
O中,1.55 mL,1.55 mmol)且在0℃下攪拌反應物1.5小時。再添加溴化烯丙基鎂(1 M於Et2
O中,0.8 mL,0.8 mmol),且在0℃下攪拌反應物30分鐘。以飽和NH4
Cl水溶液淬滅混合物且以EtOAc萃取。乾燥經合併之有機層且濃縮,且藉由矽膠層析(含0-50% EtOAc之己烷)純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。步驟2:(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
在DMF(4 mL)中組合1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丁-3-烯-1-醇(0.152 g,0.49 mmol)、碘苯(0.06 mL,0.49 mmol)、二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)(0.034 g,0.05 mmol)及三乙胺(0.68 mL,4.9 mmol),且以N2
(g)淨化混合物5分鐘。接著密封反應物且在100℃下攪拌隔夜。水性處理後,藉由矽膠層析(含0-50% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
實例37:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物24)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例38:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物25)步驟1:
根據實例36步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸及碘化甲基鎂來製備。
實例39:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁醯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-酮:
將1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丁-3-烯-1-醇(1.76 g,5.69 mmol)、碘苯(0.638 mL,5.69 mmol)及三乙胺(1.59 mL,11.38 mmol)溶解於ACN(17 mL)中且以鼓泡N2
(g)淨化溶液。添加乙酸鈀(II)(0.064 g,0.28 mmol),密封反應容器,且將反應物加熱至85℃隔夜。冷卻後,對反應物進行標準水性處理,接著在矽膠(含0-30%EtOAc之己烷)上純化,得到兩種化合物之可分離混合物,其中一種為標題化合物。
步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁醯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-酮及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例40:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-1-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物26)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-1-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸:
根據實例35步驟3中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁醯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸及碘化甲基鎂來製備。
實例41:合成1-{4'-[4-(3-苯甲基胺基-2-羥基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物27)步驟1:4-烯丙基-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑:
在N2
氛圍下將碘化銅(I)(0.187 g,0.98 mmol)懸浮於THF(43 mL)中,接著冷卻至-40℃。經4分鐘添加溴化乙烯基鎂(1 M於THF中,9.74 mL,9.74 mmol),且繼續攪拌反應物18分鐘。接著,經15分鐘添加4-溴甲基-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑(2.15 g,6.5 mmol)於THF(11 mL)中溶液。將反應物置於-20℃下隔夜。溫熱後對反應物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-[4'-(4-烯丙基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用4-烯丙基-5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
以磷
酸氫二鈉溶液(0.1 M水溶液,7 mL)洗滌間氯過苯甲酸(77%,0.565 g,2.52 mmol)4次,接著溶解於CH2
Cl2
(4 mL)中。將該溶液添加至1-[4'-(4-烯丙基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.244 g,0.63 mmol)於CH2
Cl2
(3 mL)中之溶液中,接著添加磷酸氫二鈉(0.1 M水溶液,7 mL)。3.5小時後,以磷酸氫二鈉(0.1 M水溶液,7 mL)沖洗額外份之間氯過苯甲酸(0.55 g)4次,且添加至反應物中,且繼續攪拌隔夜。接著對反應物進行標準水性處理且經由矽膠層析(含0-30% EtOAc之己烷)純化,得到標題化合物。步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(3-苯甲基胺基-2-羥基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.160 g,0.40 mmol)溶解於N-甲基吡咯啶酮(5 mL)中,接著添加苯甲胺(0.130 mL,1.2 mmol)。將反應物加熱至85℃隔夜,接著冷卻,且進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。步驟5:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟4之酯水解成酸。
實例42:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-(3-苯乙基-環氧乙烷基)- 異噁唑:
根據實例41步驟3中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁-1-烯基)-異噁唑來製備。步驟2:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-2-酮:
根據實例30步驟2中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-(3-苯乙基-環氧乙烷基)-異噁唑來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-側氧基-4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-2-酮及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
實例43:合成5-(4-溴-苯基)-4-(2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑步驟1:
將三氟化雙(2-甲氧基乙基)胺基硫(Deoxo-Fluor)(50%於THF中,2.11 mL,4.77 mmol)添加至1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-2-酮(0.833 g,2.2 mmol)於苯(20 mL)中之溶液中且將反應物加熱至75℃歷時4小時。添加額外份之三氟化雙(2-甲氧基乙基)胺基硫(Deoxo-Fluor)(50%於THF中,2 mL)且繼續加熱反應物隔夜。添加另一份三氟化雙(2-甲氧基乙基)胺基硫(Deoxo-Fluor)(50%於THF中,2 mL)且繼續加熱反應物隔夜。冷卻後,對反應物進行標準水性處理且在矽膠上純化。經由製備型HPLC純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
實例44:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基胺基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物28) 步 驟1:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基胺基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例21步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2-胺基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及苯甲醛來製備。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例45:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基胺基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物29)步驟1:1-[4'-(4-甲醯基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟2:1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將正丁基鋰(1.6 M於己烷中,2.3 mL,3.69 mmol)溶解於DMSO(8 mL)中。依次添加碘化三甲基氧化鋶(0.963 g,4.29 mmol)、1-[4'-(4-甲醯基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.46 g,1.23 mmol)於DMSO(8 mL)中之溶液。在室溫下攪拌反應物40分鐘,接著傾於冰上。以EtOAc萃取混合物三次,且以H2
O洗滌經合併之有機層三次,乾燥且濃縮。藉由矽膠層析(含0-40% EtOAc之己烷)純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基胺基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
在NMP(5 mL)中組合1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.100 g,0.26 mmo1 )與苯甲胺(0.034 mL,0.31 mmol)且在85℃下攪拌反應物隔夜。再添加苯甲胺(0.05 mL,0.46 mmol)且在85℃下攪拌反應物兩天。水性處理提供標題化合物。步驟4:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟3之酯水解成酸。
實例46:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物30)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及4-(3-氟-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例47:合成1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[1-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙胺基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物31)步驟1:1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[1-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙胺基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例48:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物32)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-醇(對映異構體A):
根據實例35步驟3中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及溴化3-(苯基)丙基鎂來製備。反應之後,對物質進行對掌性製備型HPLC(Chiralcel AS管柱,含2% EtOH之己烷,運作60分鐘)。第一個離開管柱之對映異構體為對映異構體A。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體A):
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-醇(對映異構體A)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例49:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物33)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-醇(對映異構體B):
根據實例48步驟1中所述之程序製備,其中第二個離開管柱之對映異構體為對映異構體B。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-
5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體B):
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-醇(對映異構體B)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例50:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丙醯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丙-2-烯-1-醇:
根據實例35步驟3中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及溴化乙烯基鎂來製備。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-烯丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丙-2-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丙醯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-烯丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及碘苯來製備。在矽膠上純化(含0-60% EtOAc之己烷)粗物質,得到兩種化合物之可分離混合物,其中一種為標題化合物。
步驟4:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟3之酯水解成酸。
實例51:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-3-苯基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物34)步驟1:
根據實例31步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丙醯基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸來製備。
實例52:合成1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙醯基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸步驟1:1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙醯基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-烯丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-碘-3-三氟甲基-苯來製備。在矽膠上純化(含0-60% EtOAc之己烷)粗物質,得到兩種化合物之可分離混合物,其中一種為標題化合物。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例53:合成1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-烯丙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸
根據實例52步驟1中所述之程序製備,其中標題化合物為所分離之兩種可分離化合物中之另一者。
實例54:合成1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物 35)步驟1:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-烯丙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸來製備。
實例55:合成1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物36)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-碘-3-三氟甲基-苯來製備。
步驟3:1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟4:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟3之酯水解成酸。
實例56:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-間甲苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物37)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-4-間甲苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及3-碘甲苯來製備。
步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-間甲苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-4-間甲苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例57:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(3-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(3-氟-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。
實例58:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基硫基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物38)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基硫基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.100 g,0.26 mmol)及碳酸鉀(0.054 g,0.39mmol)於DMF(5 mL)中攪拌,接著添加苯甲基硫醇(0.040 mL,0.31 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌4小時後,添加額外份之苯甲基硫醇(0.010 mL)。1小時後,對反應物進行標準水性處理且在矽膠上純化(含0-40% EtOAc之己烷),得到標題化合物。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例59:合成1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物39)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.2518 g,0.603 mmol)、1-碘-4-三氟甲基-苯(0.089 mL,0.603 mmol)及碳酸銫(0.207 g,11.38 mmol)溶解於ACN(2.6 mL)中,且以鼓泡N2
(g)淨化溶液。添加乙酸鈀(II)(0.008 g,0.0302 mmol),密封反應容器,且將反應物加熱至85℃隔夜。冷卻後,對反應物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例60:合成1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(2-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物40)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-4-(2-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例59步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-碘-2-三氟甲基-苯來製備。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(2-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[(E)-1-羥基-4-(2-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。反應之後,回收兩種產物之混合物,其中主要產物為標題化合物。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例61:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物41)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及4-(3-氯-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例62:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物42)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及苯甲醇來製備。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例63:合成1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物43)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
在DMF(5 mL)中組合5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛(0.511 g,1.92 mmol)、3-溴-3,3-二氟-丙烯(0.4977 g,3.07 mmol)、銦(0.357 g,3.07 mmol)及碘化鈉(0.0142 g,0.096 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌隔夜。對反應混合物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物,其未經進一步純化便用於下一步驟。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-((E)-2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例59步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及碘苯來製備。步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-((E)-2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟5:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟4之酯水解成酸。
實例64:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物44)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-甲基-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
根據實例63步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及3-溴-丁-1-烯來製備。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-甲基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-甲基-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)- 3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例59步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-甲基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及碘苯來製備。步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟5:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟4之酯水解成酸。
實例65:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物45)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二甲基-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
根據實例63步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及3-溴-3-甲基-丁-1-烯來製備。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二甲基-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯 基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例59步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及碘苯來製備。步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-((E)-1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟5:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟4之酯水解成酸。
實例66:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[1-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙基]-胺
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。實例67:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(3-氯-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。
實例68:合成1-{4'-[4-(1,1-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物46)步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-4-(1,1-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑
:根據實例43步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-酮來製備。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1,1-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-4-(1,1-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例69:合成5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑
根據實例45步驟2中所述之程序,使用以下起始物質來製備:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛。
實例70:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物47)步驟1:2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇(對映異構體A):
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑及苯甲醇來製備。反應之後,對物質進行對掌性製備型HPLC(Chiralcel AS管柱,含2% EtOH之己烷,運作65分鐘)。第一個離開管柱之對映異構體為對映異構體A。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體A):
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇(對映異構體A)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟2中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例71:合成1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物48)步驟1:2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇(對映異構體B):
根據實例70步驟1中所述之程序製備,其中第二個離開管柱之產物為對映異構體B。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體B):
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇(對映異構體B)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例72:合成1-(4'-{4-[(S)-1-羥基-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物49)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙醇:
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑及(R)-1-苯基-乙醇來製備。步驟2:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙酮:
根據實例10步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙醇來製備。步驟3:(S)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙醇:
將(S)-Corey-Bakshi-Shibata催化劑(0.012 g,0.04 mmol)溶解於THF(2 mL)中且冷卻至0℃。經15分鐘依次緩慢添加硼烷二甲硫錯合物(2.0 M於THF中,0.387 mL,0.77 mmol)、1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙酮(0.172 g,0.43 mmol)於THF(3.3 mL)中之溶液。攪拌55分鐘後,對反應物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。步驟4:1-(4'-{4-[(S)-1-羥基-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用(S)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟5:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟4之酯水解成酸。
實例73:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-甲氧基-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物50) 步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(4-甲氧基-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(4-甲氧基-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-甲氧基-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(4-甲氧基-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例74:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(4-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(4-氯-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。
實例75:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。
實例76:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物51)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙基)-胺(對映異構體A):
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-苯基-丁-2-酮來製備。反應之後,經由製備型對掌性HPLC(Chiralcel-AD管柱,含2% EtOH之己烷,25分鐘)純化粗物質,得到兩種個別對映異構體。自管柱溶離之第一個對映異構體為標題化合物。步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體A):
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙基)-胺(對映異構體A)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例77:合成1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物52)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙基)-胺(對映異構體B):
根據實例76步驟1中所述之程序製備,其中自管柱溶離之第二個對映異構體為標題化合物。步驟2:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體B):
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙基)-胺(對映異構體B)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例78:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(2-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(2-氯-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。
實例79:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(2-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物53)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[3-(2-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用(1,1'-雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵)-二氯鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(2-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例80:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物54)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用(1,1'-雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵)-二氯鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(4-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例81:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物55)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[3-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用(1,1'-雙(二苯膦基)二茂鐵)-二氯鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例82:合成[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[1-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丙基]-胺(對映異構體A)
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。矽膠層析之後,經由製備型對掌性HPLC(Chiralcel-AD管柱,含2% EtOH之己烷,35分鐘)純化粗物質,得到兩種個別對映異構體。自管柱溶離之第一個對映異構體為標題化合物。
實例83:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體 A)(化合物56)步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺(對映異構體A):
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-(3-氯-苯基))-丁-2-酮來製備。矽膠層析之後,經由製備型對掌性HPLC(Chiralcel-AD管柱,含1% EtOH之己烷,36分鐘)純化粗物質,得到兩種個別對映異構體。自管柱溶離之第一個對映異構體為標題化合物。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體A):
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺(對映異構體A)及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例84:合成1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物57)
根據實例83中所述之程序,但使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺(對映異構體B;自管柱溶離之第二個對映異構體)替代[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-[3-(3-氯-苯基))-1-甲基-丙基]-胺(對映異構體A)來製備。
實例85:合成1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲氧基)-乙醇
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑及(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-甲醇來製備。
實例86:合成1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物58)步驟1:1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲氧基)-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例87:合成1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-3-甲基-3-苯基-丁-1-醇
根據實例35步驟3中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及氯化2-甲基-2-苯基)丙基鎂來製備。
實例88:合成1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-3-(4-甲氧基-苯基))-丙-1-醇
根據實例35步驟3中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲醛及氯化4-甲氧基苯基鎂來製備。
實例89:合成1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-苯乙基氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物59)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-苯乙基氧基-乙醇:
根據實例14步驟4中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑及2-苯基-乙醇來製備。步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-苯乙基氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-苯乙基氧基-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
實例90:合成1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物60)步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體A):
根據實例3步驟3中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸來製備。反應之後,經由對掌性製備型HPLC(Chiralcel AD管柱,含8% EtOH之己烷,35分鐘)純化粗物質,得到兩種個別對映異構體。自管柱溶離之第一個對映異構體為標題化合物。步驟2:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟1之酯水解成酸。
實例91:合成1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物61)
根據實例90中所述之程序,但使用1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(對映異構體B;自管柱溶離之第二個對映異構體)來製備。
實例92:合成2-苯甲基硫基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-碳醯氯:
在N2
氛圍下將5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-甲酸(4.2 g,14.89 mmol)溶解於CH2
Cl2
(42 mL)中。添加乙二醯氯(2.6 mL,29.78 mmok)及DMF(5滴),且在室溫下攪拌反應物2.5小時。接著,再添加乙二醯氯(5 mL,57.3 mmol)。30分鐘之後,濃縮反應混合物且將其置於高真空下。將粗物質直接用於下一步驟中。步驟2:2-溴-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮:
將5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-碳醯氯(得自先前步驟)溶解於ACN(30 mL)中,接著緩慢添加三甲基矽烷基重氮甲烷(2 M於Et2
O中,16.38 mL,32.76 mmol),且在室溫下攪拌反應物2小時。謹慎添加氫溴酸(30%水溶液,7 mL)且再攪拌反應物1小時。對混合物進行標準水性處理,接著在矽膠上純化(含0-20% EtOAc之己烷),得到標題化合物。步驟3:2-苯甲基硫基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮:
將2-溴-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮及苯甲基硫醇溶解於DMF中。添加碳酸銫且攪拌反應物隔夜。標準水性處理得到產物。
實例93:合成1-(4'-{4-[2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-1-羥基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物62)步驟1:(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-氟-4-碘-苯來製備。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[(E)-2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-1-羥基-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟3:1-(4'-{4-[2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-1-羥基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[(E)-2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-1-羥基-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。步驟4:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟3之酯水解成酸。
實例94:合成1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物63)步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙醇:
根據實例58步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-4-環氧乙烷基-異噁唑及(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-甲硫醇來製備。步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-苯基-丁-2-酮來製備。
步驟1:(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-碘-4-三氟甲基-苯來製備。
步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[(E)-2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例3步驟5中所述之程序,使用二氯雙(三苯膦)鈀(II)作為催化劑且使用(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基))-丁-3-烯-1-醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:1-(4'-{4-[2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[(E)-2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基))-丁-3-烯基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟4:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序將步驟3之酯水解成酸。
步驟1:(S)-2-苯甲基硫基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇:
根據實例72步驟3中所述之程序,使用2-苯甲基硫基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮來製備。
步驟2:1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲基硫基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用(S)-2-苯甲基硫基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
步驟1:1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙酮:
在CH2
Cl2
中組合2-溴-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮與三乙胺。添加(3-三氟甲基-苯基))-甲硫醇,且在室溫下攪拌反應物至少1小時。處理之後,藉由矽膠層析純化粗物質。
步驟2:(S)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙醇:
根據實例72步驟3中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙酮來製備。
步驟1:1-{4'-[4-(1-乙基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[4'-(4-胺基-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯及1-苯基-戊-3-酮來製備。
步驟2:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟1之酯水解成酸。
步驟1:乙酸1-苯甲基-2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺基]-丙酯:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及乙酸1-苯甲基-2-側氧基-丙酯來製備。
步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(2-乙醯氧基-1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用乙酸1-苯甲基-2-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺基]-丙酯及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。反應之後,在矽膠上純化(含0-5% MeOH之CH2
Cl2
)粗物質,得到非對映異構體之可分離混合物。自管柱溶離之第一個非對映異構體為非對映異構體A。
步驟1:
根據實例100步驟3中所述之程序製備,其中自管柱溶離之第二個化合物為非對映異構體B。
步驟1:[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(1,3-二甲基-3-苯基-丁基)-胺:
根據實例8步驟1中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基胺及4-甲基-4-苯基-戊-2-酮來製備。
步驟2:1-{4'-[4-(1,3-二甲基-3-苯基-丁胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-(1,3-二甲基-3-苯基-丁基)-胺及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟2之酯水解成酸。
步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑:
將丙酮肟(4.85 g,66.4 mmol)溶解於THF(100 mL)中且冷卻至0℃。添加正丁基鋰(1.6 M於己烷中,81 mL,129.6 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌反應物1小時。4-溴-苯甲酸甲酯(9.4 g,43.7 mmol)於THF(30 mL)中之溶液且攪拌反應物24小時。對混合物進行標準水性處理,接著經MgSO4
乾燥且蒸發。將殘餘物溶解於EtOH中且添加HCl(4 N於二噁烷中,1 mL)。將反應物加熱至60℃且藉由分析型TLC監測。當完成時,將反應混合物濃縮至乾燥,得到標題化合物,將其直接用於下一步驟中。
步驟2:1-[4'-(3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:1-[4'-(4-溴-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-[4'-(3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(1.00 g,2.88 mmol)溶解於乙酸(12 mL)中且添加N-溴丁二醯亞胺(0.563 g,3.2 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌1小時後,對反應混合物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物,其未經進一步純化便用於下一步驟中。
步驟4:1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-3,3-二甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
將1-[4'-(4-溴-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯(0.100 g,0.243 mmol)溶解於THF(0.25 M)中且冷卻至-78℃。緩慢添加正丁基鋰(2.5 M於己烷中,0.1068 mL,0.267 mmol)且攪拌反應物30分鐘。添加3,3-二甲基-4-苯基-丁醛(0.047 g,0.254 mmol),且在-78℃下攪拌反應物30分鐘,接著升溫至室溫,且繼續攪拌1小時。對反應混合物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物,其未經進一步純化便用於下一步驟中。
步驟5:
根據實例4中所述之程序使步驟4之酯水解成酸。
步驟1
:將1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基硫基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸(0.2 g,0.43 mmol)連同羰基二咪唑(0.2 g,1.23 mmol)、甲烷磺醯胺(0.14 g,1.47 mmol)及胡氏鹼(Hnig's base)一起溶解於二噁烷中。將反應物加熱至回流隔夜,接著冷卻且進行標準水性處理。經由矽膠層析(含0-60% EtOAc之己烷)純化殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
步驟1:
將1-(4'-{4-[(S)-1-羥基-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(0.022 g,0.044 mmol)溶解於THF(3 mL)中且添加羰基二咪唑(0.022 g,0.14 mmol)。1.5小時後,添加額外份之羰基二咪唑(0.011 g)。攪拌反應物40分鐘,接著添加羰基二咪唑(0.044 g)。攪拌反應物隔夜,接著添加羰基二咪唑(0.044 g),且將反應物加熱至50℃。加熱3小時之後,添加1,8-二氮雙環[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(0.100 mL,0.67 mmol)及甲烷磺醯胺(0.050 g,0.53 mmol),且將反應物加熱至100℃。藉由分析型LCMS監測反應,且當反應完成時將其冷卻且在製備型HPLC上純化,得到標題化合物。
步驟1:(S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇:
根據實例72步驟3中所述之程序,使用2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙酮來製備。
步驟2:1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例110步驟3中所述之程序,使用(S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸:
根據實例11步驟3中所述之程序,使用1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟4:
將1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(0.232 g,0.49 mmol)連同4-二甲胺基吡啶(0.0065 g,0.05 mmol)及羰基二咪唑(0.200 g,1.24 mmol)一起溶解於THF(4.6 mL)中。在室溫下攪拌3.5小時後,添加羰基二咪唑(0.040 g,0.25 mmol)。攪拌反應物1小時,接著添加甲烷磺醯胺(0.117 g,1.23 mmol)及1,8-二氮雙環[5.4.0]十一碳-7-烯(0.242 mL,1.62 mmol),且將反應物加熱至100℃。40分鐘後,冷卻反應物且進行標準水性處理。在矽膠上純化(含0-100% EtOAc之己烷)殘餘物,得到標題化合物。
步驟1: N -[1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷羰基]-甲烷磺醯胺:
將1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷甲酸(5.0 g,20.7 mmol)溶解於甲苯(30 mL)中,接著謹慎添加亞硫醯氯(17.7 mL,243 mmol)。將反應物加熱至回流歷時4小時,接著濃縮且與甲苯(2×30 mL)共沸。將中間物酸氯化物溶解於甲苯(50 mL)中,接著添加甲烷磺醯胺(11.41 g,120 mmol)及三乙胺(15 mL,0.108 mmol)。將反應物回流3小時,接著冷卻,且進行標準水性處理。在矽膠上純化粗物質,得到標題化合物。
步驟2: N -{1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼 -2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷羰基}-甲烷磺醯胺:
根據實例3步驟4中所述之程序,使用N
-[1-(4-溴-苯基)-環丙烷羰基]-甲烷磺醯胺及雙(頻哪醇根基)二硼來製備。
步 驟3:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2-苯乙基氧基-乙醇及N
-{1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷羰基}-甲烷磺醯胺來製備。
步驟1:
將1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(0.225 g,0.441 mmol)溶解於CH2
Cl2
(2.3 mL)中且添加亞硫醯氯(0.07 mL,0.971 mmol)。30分鐘後,濃縮反應物。另外,將甲烷磺醯胺(0.124 g,1.30 mmol)溶解於THF(2 mL)中且添加氫化鈉(60%於礦物油中,0.044 g,1.103 mmol)。將得自第一反應物之酸氯化物溶解於THF中且謹慎添加至第二混合物中。藉由分析型LCMS監測反應,且添加過量氫化鈉直至反應完成為止。標準水性處理及矽膠層析(含0-100% EtOA之己烷)得到標題化合物。
步驟1:(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁-3-烯-1-醇:
根據實例39步驟1中所述之程序,使用1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-丁-3-烯-1-醇及碘苯來製備。
步驟2: N -(1-{4'-[4-((E)-2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺:
根據實例110步驟3中所述之程序,使用(E)-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁-3-烯-1-醇及N
-{1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷羰基}-甲烷磺醯胺來製備。
步驟3:
根據實例12步驟1中所述之程序,使用N
-(1-{4'-[4-((E)-2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁-3-烯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺來製備。
步驟1:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用(S)-2-苯甲基硫基-1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-乙醇及N
-{1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷羰基}-甲烷磺醯胺來製備。
步驟1:5-(4-溴-苯基)-4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑:
將1-[5-(4-溴-苯基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-4-基]-4-苯基-丁-1-醇(4.2 g,10.9 mmol)溶解於DMF(60 mL)中。添加第三丁基二甲基矽烷基氯(4.92 g,7.93 mmol)及咪唑(2.22 g,32.6 mmol)且在室溫下攪拌反應物直至完成為止。對反應物進行標準水性處理,得到標題化合物。
步驟2:1-(4'-{4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯:
根據實例2中所述之程序,使用5-(4-溴-苯基)-4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑及1-[4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-[1,3,2]二氧硼-2-基)-苯基]-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步驟3:1-(4'-{4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸:
根據實例4中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸乙酯來製備。
步 驟4: N - [1-(4'-{4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷羰基]-4-甲基-苯磺醯胺:
根據實例106步驟4中所述之程序,使用1-(4'-{4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸及對甲苯磺醯胺來製備。
步驟5:
將N
-[1-(4'-{4-[1-(第三丁基-二甲基-矽烷基氧基)-4-苯基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷羰基]-4-甲基-苯磺醯胺(0.121 g,0.165 mmol)溶解於THF(3 mL)中,接著添加氟化四丁銨(1.0 M於THF中,0.500 mL,0.500 mmol)。在室溫下攪拌反應物且藉由分析型TLC監測直至完成為止。對混合物進行標準水性處理,接著在矽膠上純化,得到標題化合物。
在一些實施例中,質譜數據係用Shimadzu LCMS 2010A獲得。
自人肺選殖編碼人類LPA1
受體之1.1 kb cDNA。使用RETROscript套組(Ambion,Inc.)反轉錄人肺RNA(Clontech Laboratories,Inc. USA),且藉由對反轉錄反應物進行PCR獲得人類LPA1
之全長cDNA。藉由定序來測定所選殖之人類LPA1
的核苷酸序列,且其經確證與公開之人類LPA1
序列一致(An等人,Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.
231:619(1997)。將cDNA選殖於pCDNA5/FRT表現質體中,且使用脂質轉染胺2000(lipofectamine 2000)(Invitrogen Corp.,USA)在CHO細胞中轉染。使用潮黴素(hygromycin)選擇穩定表現人類LPA1
之純系且鑑別為回應於LPA顯示Ca內流之細胞。
含有人類LPA2
受體cDNA之載體係獲自Missouri S&T cDNA資源中心(www.cdna.org)。藉由PCR自載體獲得人類LPA2
之全長cDNA片段。藉由定序來測定所選殖之人類LPA2
的核苷酸序列,且其經確證與公開之人類LPA2
序列一致(NCBI寄存編號NM_004720)。將cDNA選殖於pCDNA3.1表現質體中且藉由將細胞以每孔30,000-35,000個細胞連同0.2 μl脂質轉染胺2000及0.2 μg LPA2
表現載體一起接種於塗佈聚D-離胺酸之96孔板中,從而將cDNA轉染至B103細胞(Invitrogen Corp.,USA)中。在完全培養基中培養細胞隔夜,隨後檢定LPA誘發之Ca內流。
含有人類LPA3
受體cDNA之載體係獲自Missouri S&T cDNA資源中心(www.cdna.org)。藉由PCR自載體獲得人類LPA3
之全長cDNA片段。藉由定序來測定所選殖之人類LPA3
的核苷酸序列,且其經確證與公開之人類LPA3
序列一致(NCBI寄存編號NM_012152)。將cDNA選殖於pCDNA5/FRT表現質體中,且使用脂質轉染胺2000(Invitrogen Corp.,USA)在CHO細胞中轉染。使用潮黴素選擇穩定表現人類LPA3
之純系且鑑別為回應於LPA顯示Ca內流之細胞。
在檢定前一或兩天將表現人類LPA1
或LPA3
之CHO細胞以每孔20,000-45,000個細胞接種於塗佈聚D-離胺酸之96孔板中。在檢定前,將細胞以PBS洗滌一次,接著培養於無血清培養基中隔夜。在檢定當日,將含鈣指標染料(Calcium 4,Molecular Devices)之檢定緩衝液(含Ca2+
及Mg2+
且含有20 mM Hepes及0.3%無脂肪酸人類血清白蛋白之HBSS)添加至各孔中,且在37℃下繼續培育1小時。將10 μl測試化合物之2.5% DMSO溶液添加至細胞中且在室溫下繼續培育30分鐘。藉由添加10 nM LPA來刺激細胞且使用Flexstation 3(Molecular Devices)量測細胞內Ca2+
。使用藥物滴定曲線之Graphpad prism分析來測定IC50
。
與脂質轉染胺2000及LPA2
表現載體一起培養隔夜之後,以PBS洗滌B103細胞一次,接著使其血清饑餓4小時。將含鈣指標染料(Calcium 4,Molecular Devices)之檢定緩衝液(含Ca2+
及Mg2+
且含有20 mM Hepes及0.3%無脂肪酸人類血清白蛋白之HBSS)添加至各孔中,且在37℃下繼續培育1小時。將10 μl測試化合物之2.5% DMSO溶液添加至細胞中且在室溫下繼續培育30分鐘。藉由添加10 nM LPA來刺激細胞且使用Flexstation 3(Molecular Devices)量測細胞內Ca2+
。使用藥物滴定曲線之Graphpad prism分析來測定IC50
。
經由膜GTPγS檢定來評估化合物抑制GTP結合於LPA1
之能力。將穩定表現重組人類LPA1
受體之CHO細胞再懸浮於含有1 mM DTT之10 mM Hepes(7.4)中,溶解且在75,000 xg下離心以使膜成離心塊。將膜再懸浮於含有1 mM DTT及10%甘油之10 mM Hepes(7.4)中。在30℃下將膜(約25微克/孔)與0.1 nM[35
S]-GTPγS、900 nM LPA、5 μM GDP,及含測試化合物之檢定緩衝液(50 mM Hepes(pH 7.4)、100 mM NaCl、10 mM MgCl2
、50 μg/ml皂苷及0.2%無脂肪酸人類血清白蛋白)一起於96孔板中培育30分鐘。經由Whatman GF/B玻璃纖維濾板快速過濾來終止反應。以1 ml冷洗滌緩衝液(50 mM Hepes(7.5)、100 mM NaCl及10 mM MgCl2
)洗滌濾板3次且乾燥。接著將閃爍體添加至該等板中且在Packard TopCount(Perkin Elmer)上測定過濾器上保持之放射性。總放射性結合減去在無配位體(900 nM LPA)存在下之非特異性結合即定為特異性結合。使用藥物滴定曲線之Graphpad prism分析來測定IC50
。
式(I)之代表性化合物的說明性活體外生物數據呈現於下表中。
使用Neuroprobe ChemoTxSystem板(8 μm孔徑,5.7 mm直徑位點)量測A2058人類黑色素瘤細胞之趨化性。以含0.001%纖維結合蛋白(Sigma)之20 mM Hepes(pH 7.4)塗佈過濾器位點且使其乾燥。使A2058細胞血清饑餓24小時,接著用細胞分離機(Cell Stripper)收集且再懸浮於含有0.1%無脂肪酸牛血清白蛋白(BSA)之DMEM中,至1×106
個/毫升之濃度。使細胞與等體積測試化合物(2×)於含有0.1%無脂肪酸BSA之DMEM中混合且在37℃下培育15分鐘。將LPA(100 nM於含有0.1%無脂肪酸BSA之DMEM中)或媒劑添加至下腔室之各孔中,且將50 μl細胞懸浮液/測試化合物混合物施加於ChemoTx板之上部。在37℃下培育板三小時,接著藉由以PBS沖洗及刮擦自上部移除細胞。將過濾器乾燥,接著以HEMA 3染色系統(Fisher Scientific)染色。在590 nM下讀取過濾器之吸光度且使用Symyx Assay Explorer測定IC50
。
在此實驗中,化合物4、21、24、30、32、33、38、41、42、43、47、49、51、52、54、57、61、65、72、73、76及77抑制人類A2058黑色素瘤細胞之LPA推動趨化性(IC50
小於100 nM)。
每籠圈養4隻雌性C57B1/6小鼠(Harlan,25-30 g),其可自由獲取食物及水且使其在測試起始之前適應至少7天。適應期之後,以異氟醚(5%於100% O2
中)使小鼠輕微麻醉且經由氣管內滴注投與硫酸博萊黴素(0.01-5 U/kg,Henry Schein)(Cuzzocrea S等人,Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol
. 2007年5月;292(5):L1095-104. Epub 2007年1月12日)。使小鼠回至其籠中且每日監測歷時實驗之持續時間。每日經口、腹膜內或皮下傳遞測試化合物或媒劑。給藥途徑及頻率係基於先前測定之藥物動力學特性。博萊黴素滴注後3、7、14、21或28天使用吸入之異氟醚處死所有動物。處死之後,以連接至1 ml注射器之20號血管導管對小鼠插管。以生理食鹽水灌洗肺,獲得支氣管肺泡灌洗液(BALF),接著移除且固定於10%中性緩衝之福馬林(formalin)中以便後續組織病理學分析。在800×g下離心BALF 10分鐘以使細胞成離心塊,且移除細胞上清液且在-80℃下冷凍以便後續使用DC蛋白質檢定套組(Biorad,Hercules,CA.)進行蛋白質分析,且使用Sircol(Biocolor Ltd,UK)進行可溶膠原蛋白分析。使用市售ELISA來分析BALF之發炎性、促纖維變性及組織損傷生物標記之濃度,該等生物標記包括轉型生長因子β1、玻尿酸、金屬蛋白酶-1、基質金屬蛋白酶-7之組織抑制劑、結締組織生長因子,及乳酸去氫酶活性。將細胞離心塊再懸浮於PBS中。接著使用Hemavet血液學系統(Drew Scientific,Wayne,PA.)獲得總細胞計數且使用Shandon cytospin(Thermo Scientific,Waltham,MA.)測定差分細胞計數。使用蘇木精(hematoxylin)及伊紅(eosin)(H&E)及三色染色法(trichrome)對肺組織染色,使用光學顯微鏡(10倍放大率)進行半定量組織病理學評分(Ashcroft T.等人,J
.Clin
.Path
. 1988;41;4,467-470)且使用光學顯微鏡,由電腦輔助之光密度計定量肺組織切片中之膠原蛋白,測定肺纖維化。使用Graphpad prism將數據繪製成曲線且測定組間統計學差異。
每籠圈養4隻雌性C57B1/6小鼠(Harlan,20-25 g),其可自由獲取食物及水且使其在測試起始之前適應至少7天。在適應期之後,經由一週兩次腹膜內注射持續8週使小鼠接收稀釋於玉米油媒劑(100 μL體積)中之CCl4
(1.0毫升/公斤體重)。(Higazi,A. A.等人,Clin Exp Immunol.
2008年4月;152(1):163-73. Epub 2008年2月14日)。對照小鼠僅接收等體積之玉米油媒劑。每日經口、腹膜內或皮下傳遞測試化合物或媒劑。在研究結束時(首次腹膜內注射CCl4
之後8週),使用吸入之異氟醚處死小鼠且經由心臟穿刺抽血以便後續分析ALT/AST含量。收集肝臟,且將一半肝臟在-80℃下冷凍且將另一半固定於10%中性緩衝之福馬林中以便使用光學顯微鏡(10倍放大率)對肝臟纖維化進行組織學評估。使用Sircol(Biocolor Ltd,UK)分析肝組織勻漿物之膠原蛋白含量。使用蘇木精及伊紅(H&E)及三色染色法對固定之肝臟組織染色,且使用光學顯微鏡,由電腦輔助之光密度計定量肝臟組織切片中之膠原蛋白,測定肝臟纖維化。亦使用市售ELISA來分析血漿及肝臟組織溶胞物之發炎性、促纖維變性及組織損傷生物標記之濃度,該等生物標記包括轉型生長因子β1、玻尿酸、金屬蛋白酶-1、基質金屬蛋白酶-7之組織抑制劑、結締組織生長因子,及乳酸去氫酶活性。使用Graphpad prism將所得數據繪製成曲線且測定組間統計學差異。
利用小鼠靜脈內LPA誘發之組織胺釋放模型來測定LPA1
及LPA3
受體拮抗劑之活體內效能。在靜脈內LPA攻毒(300微克/小鼠,在0.1% FAF BSA中)之前30分鐘至24小時,以10 ml/kg之體積向雌性CD-1小鼠(重25-35公克)投與化合物(腹膜內、皮下或經口)。在LPA攻毒之後立即將小鼠置於密封之Plexiglas箱中且暴露於異氟醚歷時2分鐘。將其移除、去頭且將軀幹血液(trunk blood)收集至含有EDTA之管中。接著將血液在4℃下在10,000×g下離心10分鐘。藉由EIA測定血漿中之組織胺濃度。藉由質譜分析測定血漿中之藥物濃度。藉由非線性回歸(Graphpad Prism)計算血液組織胺之釋放受到50%抑制時的劑量,且繪製成曲線決定ED50
。由曲線上與此劑量相關之血漿濃度定為EC50
。
每籠圈養4隻之雌性C57B1/6小鼠(Harlan,20-25 g)可自由獲取食物及水且使其在測試開始之前適應至少7天。適應期之後,對小鼠左腎進行單側輸尿管梗阻(UUO)手術或假手術(sham)。簡言之,依縱向左上方切開以暴露左腎。找到腎動脈且使用6/0絲線穿過動脈與輸尿管之間。使該線環繞輸尿管且打結3次,從而確保輸尿管完全結紮。將腎放回至腹部,縫合腹肌且釘合皮膚。使小鼠回至其籠中且在整個實驗過程中每日監測。每日經口、腹膜內或皮下傳遞測試化合物或媒劑。給藥途徑及頻率係基於先前測定之藥物動力學特性。在UUO手術後4、8或14天使用吸入之異氟醚處死所有動物。處死之後,經由心臟穿刺抽血,收集腎臟,且將一半腎臟在-80℃下冷凍且將另一半固定於10%中性緩衝之福馬林中,使用光學顯微鏡(10倍放大率)對腎臟纖維化進行組織學評估。使用Sircol(Biocolor Ltd,UK)分析腎臟組織勻漿物之膠原蛋白含量。亦使用蘇木精及伊紅(H&E)及三色染色法對固定之腎臟組織染色,且由電腦輔助之光密度計定量腎臟組織切片中之膠原蛋白,及由腎臟溶胞物中之膠原蛋白含量來測定腎臟纖維化。亦使用市售ELISA來分析血漿及腎臟組織溶胞物之發炎性、促纖維變性及組織損傷生物標記之濃度,該等生物標記包括轉型生長因子β1、玻尿酸、金屬蛋白酶-1之組織抑制劑及血纖維蛋白溶酶原活化劑抑制劑-1。使用Graphpad prism將所得數據繪製成曲線且測定組間統計學差異。
為製備適用於藉由注射(皮下、靜脈內及其類似方式)投與之非經腸醫藥組合物,將100 mg式(I)化合物之水溶性鹽溶解於滅菌水中,接著與10 mL 0.9%滅菌生理食鹽水混合。將混合物併入適用於注射投與之單位劑型中。
在另一實施例中,混合以下成分,形成可注射調配物:1.2 g式(I)化合物、2.0 mL乙酸鈉緩衝溶液(0.4 M)、HCl(1 N)或NaOH(1 M)(適量添加至適合pH值)、水(蒸餾、滅菌)(適量補足至20 mL)。組合並攪拌上述除水外的所有成分,且必要時略微加熱。接著添加足量水。
為製備供經口傳遞之醫藥組合物,將100 mg式(I)化合物與750 mg澱粉混合。將混合物併入適用於經口投與之口服劑量單位(諸如硬明膠膠囊)中。
為製備供頰內傳遞之醫藥組合物,諸如硬口含錠,混合100 mg式(I)化合物與420 mg糖粉,與1.6 mL淡玉米糖漿、2.4 mL蒸餾水及0.42 mL薄荷提取物混合。將混合物溫和摻合且傾入模具中以形成適用於頰內投與之口含錠。
如下製備快速崩解型舌下錠劑:混合48.5重量%式(I)化合物、44.5重量%微晶纖維素(KG-802)、5重量%低取代羥丙基纖維素(50 μm)及2重量%硬脂酸鎂。藉由直接壓製來製備錠劑(AAPS PharmSciTech.
2006;7(2):E41)。壓製錠劑之總重量保持在150 mg。藉由使用三維手動混合器(lnversina,Bioengineering AG,Switzerland)混合上述量之式(I)化合物與全部量之微晶纖維素(MCC)及三分之二量之低取代羥丙基纖維素(L-HPC)歷時4.5分鐘來製備調配物。在混合結束之前30秒添加所有硬脂酸鎂(MS)及剩餘三分之一量的L-HPC。
為製備供吸入傳遞之醫藥組合物,將20 mg式(I)化合物與50 mg無水檸檬酸及100 mL 0.9%氯化鈉溶液混合。將混合物併入適用於吸入投與之吸入傳遞單元(諸如噴霧器)中。
為製備供直腸傳遞之醫藥組合物,將100 mg式(I)化合物與2.5 g甲基纖維素(1500 mPa)、100 mg對羥基苯甲酸甲酯、5 g丙三醇及100 mL純水混合。接著將所得凝膠混合物併入適用於直腸投與之直腸傳遞單元(諸如注射器)中。
為製備表面用凝膠醫藥組合物,將100 mg式(I)化合物與1.75 g羥丙基纖維素、10 mL丙二醇、10 mL十四烷酸異丙酯及100 mL純化醇USP混合。接著將所得凝膠混合物併入適用於表面投與之容器(諸如管)中。
為製備眼用溶液醫藥組合物,將100 mg式(I)化合物與0.9 g NaCl在100 mL純水中混合,且使用0.2微米過濾器過濾。接著將所得等張溶液併入適用於眼部投與之眼用傳遞單元(諸如滴眼容器)中。
為製備經鼻噴霧醫藥溶液,將10 g式(I)化合物與30 mL 0.05 M磷酸鹽緩衝液(pH 4.4)混合。將溶液置於經設計以每次施用傳遞100 μl噴霧之經鼻投藥器中。
本文所述之實例及實施例僅用於說明目的,且熟習此項技術者想到之各種修改或變化包括於本申請案之精神及範圍及隨附申請專利範圍之範疇內。
圖1.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖2.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖3.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖4.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖5.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖6.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖7.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖8.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
圖9.本文所述之化合物的說明性實例。
(無元件符號說明)
Claims (17)
- 一種具有式(I)結構之化合物,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽,
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中:R1 為-CO2 RD 或-C(=O)NHSO2 RE ;RD 為H或C1 -C4 烷基;RE 為C1 -C4 烷基;R5 為-H、-CH3 或-CH2 CH3 。
- 如請求項2之化合物,其中:L3 為經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基、經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 氟伸烷基,或經取代或未經取代之C3 -C6 伸雜烷基;其中若L3 經取代,則L3 經1、2或3個R13 取代;各R13 獨立地選自F、-CH3 、-CH2 CH3 、-CF3 及-OH;m為0;n為0。
- 如請求項3之化合物,其中:L3 為經取代或未經取代之伸丁基、經取代或未經取代之氟伸丁基,或經取代或未經取代之二氟伸丁基;其中若L3 經取代,則L3 經1或2個R13 取代。
- 如請求項3之化合物,其中:L3 為經取代或未經取代之C3 -C6 伸雜烷基;其中若L3 經取代,則L3 經1或2個R13 取代。
- 如請求項5之化合物,其中:L3 為-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基)-O-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-、-O-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基)-、-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基)-S-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-、-S-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基)-、-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基)-NH-、-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-,或-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基)-。
- 如請求項6之化合物,其中:L3 為-NH-(經取代或未經取代之C3 -C4 伸烷基);其中若L3 經取代,則L3 經R13 取代。
- 如請求項6之化合物,其中:L3 為-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-,或-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之C1 -C3 伸烷基)-;其中若L3 經取代,則L3 經R13 取代。
- 如請求項8之化合物,其中:L3 為-(經取代或未經取代之伸乙基)-O-(經取代或未經取代之亞甲基)-,或-(經取代或未經取代之伸乙基)-S-(經取代或未經取代之亞甲基)-;其中若L3 經取代,則L3 經R13 取代。
- 如請求項1至9中任一項之化合物,其中:為或。
- 如請求項1之化合物,其中該化合物為:1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丁胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物1);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物2);1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-異丙基-苯基)-2-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物3);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物4);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(苯乙基胺基-甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物5);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(4-苯基-丁基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物6);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物7);1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基氧基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸(化合物8);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-2-苯基-乙氧基甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物9);1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基硫基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷甲酸(化合物10);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(2-苯基-丙氧基甲基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物11);1-(4'-{4-[(2-羥基-2-苯基-乙胺基)-甲基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物12);1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[(2-苯基-丙胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物13);1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[2-(1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物14);1-(4'-{4-[2-(2-氯-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物15);1-(4'-{4-[2-(3-氯-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物16);1-(4'-{4-[2-(4-氯-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物17);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基硫基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物18);1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-2-苯基-丙氧基甲基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物19);1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物20);1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物21);1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[((R)-2-苯基-丙胺基)-甲基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物22);1-{4'-[4-(3-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物23);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物24);1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物25);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-1-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物26);1-{4'-[4-(3-苯甲基胺基-2-羥基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物27);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基胺基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物28);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基胺基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物29);1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氟-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物30);1-(4'-{3-甲基-4-[1-甲基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基)-丙胺基]-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物31);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物32);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物33);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-3-苯基-丙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物34);1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-3-(3-三氟甲基-苯基)-丙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物35);1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(3-三氟甲基-苯基)-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物36);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-間甲苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物37);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲基硫基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物38);1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物39);1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-4-(2-三氟甲基-苯基)-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物40);1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物41);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物42);1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物43);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物44);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2,2-二甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物45);1-{4'-[4-(1,1-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物46);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物47);1-{4'-[4-(2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物48);1-(4'-{4-[(S)-1-羥基-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物49);1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-甲氧基-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物50);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物51);1-{4'-[3-甲基-4-(1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物52);1-(4'-{4-[3-(2-氯-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物53);1-(4'-{4-[3-(4-氯-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物54);1-(4'-{4-[3-(2-氯-6-氟-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物55);1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物56);1-(4'-{4-[3-(3-氯-苯基)-1-甲基-丙胺基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物57);1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物58);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-苯乙基氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物59);1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體A)(化合物60);1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(對映異構體B)(化合物61);1-(4'-{4-[2,2-二氟-4-(4-氟-苯基)-1-羥基-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物62);1-(4'-{4-[1-羥基-2-(3-三氟甲基-苯甲基硫基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物63);1-(4'-{4-[2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-(4-三氟甲基-苯基)-丁基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷甲酸(化合物64);1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲基硫基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物65);1-{4'-[4-(1-乙基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物66);1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(非對映異構體A)(化合物67);1-{4'-[4-(2-羥基-1-甲基-3-苯基-丙胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(非對映異構體B)(化合物68);1-{4'-[4-(1,3-二甲基-3-苯基-丁胺基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物69);1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-3,3-二甲基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷甲酸(化合物70);N -{1-[4'-(3-甲基-4-苯乙基硫基甲基-異噁唑-5-基)-聯苯-4-基]-環丙烷羰基}-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物71);N -[1-(4'-{4-[(S)-1-羥基-2-((R)-1-苯基-乙氧基)-乙基]-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基}-聯苯-4-基)-環丙烷羰基]-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物72);N -(1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲氧基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物 73);N -(1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-2-苯乙基氧基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物74);N -(1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物75);N -(1-{4'-[4-(2,2-二氟-1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物76);N -(1-{4'-[4-((S)-2-苯甲基硫基-1-羥基-乙基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-甲烷磺醯胺(化合物77);N -(1-{4'-[4-(1-羥基-4-苯基-丁基)-3-甲基-異噁唑-5-基]-聯苯-4-基}-環丙烷羰基)-4-甲基-苯磺醯胺(化合物78);N-(環丙基磺醯基)-1-(4'-(4-(1-羥基-4-苯基丁基)-3-甲基異噁唑-5-基)聯苯-4-基)環丙烷甲醯胺(化合物79);或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 一種醫藥組合物,其包含治療有效量之如請求項1至11中任一項之化合物,或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽。
- 如請求項12之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物經調配用於靜脈內注射、皮下注射、經口投與、吸入、經鼻投與、表面投與、眼部投藥或耳部投與。
- 如請求項12之醫藥組合物,其中該醫藥組合物為錠劑、丸劑、膠囊、液體、吸入劑、經鼻噴霧溶液、栓劑、懸浮液、凝膠、膠體、分散液、懸浮液、溶液、乳液、軟膏、洗劑、滴眼劑或滴耳劑。
- 一種如請求項1至11中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,其係用於製造治療哺乳動物之癌症之藥物。
- 一種如請求項1至11中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,其係用於製造治療或預防哺乳動物之纖維化之藥物。
- 一種如請求項1至11中任一項之化合物或其醫藥學上可接受之鹽的用途,其係用於製造治療或預防哺乳動物之以下疾病之藥物:肺纖維化、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)、腎纖維化、急性腎臟損傷、慢性腎病、肝臟纖維化、皮膚纖維化、腸道纖維化、乳癌、胰腺癌、卵巢癌、前列腺癌、神經膠母細胞瘤、骨癌、結腸癌、腸癌、頭頸癌、黑色素瘤、多發性骨髓瘤、慢性淋巴細胞白血病、癌症疼痛、腫瘤轉移、移植器官排斥反應、硬皮病、眼睛纖維化、年齡相關黃斑退化(AMD)、糖尿病性視網膜病變、膠原蛋白血管病、動脈粥樣硬化、雷諾氏徵候群(Raynaud's phenomenon)或神經病變性疼痛。
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GB2470833B (en) | 2009-06-03 | 2011-06-01 | Amira Pharmaceuticals Inc | Polycyclic antagonists of lysophosphatidic acid receptors |
WO2011017350A2 (en) | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Amira Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Compounds as lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonists |
GB2474748B (en) | 2009-10-01 | 2011-10-12 | Amira Pharmaceuticals Inc | Polycyclic compounds as lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonists |
GB2474120B (en) | 2009-10-01 | 2011-12-21 | Amira Pharmaceuticals Inc | Compounds as Lysophosphatidic acid receptor antagonists |
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CN103596947A (zh) | 2011-04-05 | 2014-02-19 | 艾米拉医药股份有限公司 | 用于治疗纤维化、疼痛、癌症和呼吸、过敏性、神经系统疾病或心血管疾病的基于3-或5-联苯-4-基异噁唑的化合物 |
CN103702984B (zh) * | 2011-08-08 | 2016-05-11 | 默克专利股份公司 | 作为溶血磷脂酸拮抗剂的n-(苯并咪唑-2-基)-环丙烷甲酰胺类 |
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GB2474120B (en) | 2011-12-21 |
US9090573B2 (en) | 2015-07-28 |
CN102666504B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
IN2012DN02177A (zh) | 2015-08-21 |
CN102639515A (zh) | 2012-08-15 |
GB201016314D0 (en) | 2010-11-10 |
TW201116278A (en) | 2011-05-16 |
US9624182B2 (en) | 2017-04-18 |
JP2013506695A (ja) | 2013-02-28 |
WO2011041729A2 (en) | 2011-04-07 |
JP2013506694A (ja) | 2013-02-28 |
WO2011041729A3 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
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IN2012DN02735A (zh) | 2015-09-11 |
AR078497A1 (es) | 2011-11-09 |
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