TWI253041B - Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators - Google Patents
Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI253041B TWI253041B TW093136739A TW93136739A TWI253041B TW I253041 B TWI253041 B TW I253041B TW 093136739 A TW093136739 A TW 093136739A TW 93136739 A TW93136739 A TW 93136739A TW I253041 B TWI253041 B TW I253041B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- elements
- array
- display
- column
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 title description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000012788 optical film Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000009827 Prunus armeniaca Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000018633 Prunus armeniaca Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/3433—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices
- G09G3/3466—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using light modulating elements actuated by an electric field and being other than liquid crystal devices and electrochromic devices based on interferometric effect
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
- G02B26/001—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements based on interference in an adjustable optical cavity
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2077—Display of intermediate tones by a combination of two or more gradation control methods
- G09G3/2081—Display of intermediate tones by a combination of two or more gradation control methods with combination of amplitude modulation and time modulation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
- G09G2300/06—Passive matrix structure, i.e. with direct application of both column and row voltages to the light emitting or modulating elements, other than LCD or OLED
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
- G09G2310/0267—Details of drivers for scan electrodes, other than drivers for liquid crystal, plasma or OLED displays
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
- G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
- G09G2310/0264—Details of driving circuits
- G09G2310/0297—Special arrangements with multiplexing or demultiplexing of display data in the drivers for data electrodes, in a pre-processing circuitry delivering display data to said drivers or in the matrix panel, e.g. multiplexing plural data signals to one D/A converter or demultiplexing the D/A converter output to multiple columns
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/2007—Display of intermediate tones
- G09G3/2074—Display of intermediate tones using sub-pixels
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Light Control Or Optical Switches (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
- Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
Description
1253041 九、發明說明: t發明所屬之技術領域3 本發明係有關於干涉調變器中之區域陣列調變與引線 減縮技術。 5 【先前技術】 發明背景 干涉調變器,例如,iMoDTM,藉由控制照在調變器前 表面之光線的自我干涉而調變光線。這些型式之調變器一 般採用具有至少一組可移動或可偏斜之壁面的腔室。這可 10 偏斜壁面移動經由平行於腔室前壁面之平面,該壁面是照 在調變器之前表面的光線所首先遭遇到。當一般至少部分 地包含金屬且高度地反射之可移動壁面,朝向該腔室之前 表面移動時,在腔室内之光線的自我干涉發生,並且在前 壁面和可移動壁面之間的變化距離影響在前表面退出腔室 15 之光線色彩。該前表面一般是被觀看者所看見的影像出現 之表面,而干涉調變器通常是直視之裝置。 一般,干涉調變器是由支撐上形成之薄膜所構成,該 等支撐定義對應至影像之圖像元素(像素)的分別機械元 件。於單色顯示器中,例如,在黑色和白色之間切換的顯 20 示器,一元素可對應至一像素。於一彩色顯示器中,三元 素可以構成各像素,其各為紅色、綠色以及藍色。該等分 別的元素分別地被控制以產生所需要的像素反射。 於一範例操作中,電壓被施加至可移動的腔室壁面, 導致其靜電地被吸引至前表面而接著影響被觀看者所看見 1253041 之像素色彩。產生具有精確和可重複機械性質之調變器存 在著困難,因而特定被施加之類比電壓產生可移動壁面之 特定的類比偏移,其作用如同干涉腔室背部之鏡片。為產 生精確和可重複色彩組合,一般的調變器僅使用可移動鏡 片之二元偏移。於這操作中,任何所給予之可移動的鏡片 壁面之模式將被發現停留於產生上述之該等色彩狀態之一 狀態之靜止狀態中或產生一黑色光學狀態之完全地偏斜狀 態〇 因此這些二元運算調變器之每像素僅能夠顯示兩組灰 1〇階(例如,於單色調變器情況中之黑色和白色),或每像素有 八個色彩(例如,於彩色調變器情況中之紅色、綠色、藍色、 月綠色、頁色、品紅色、黑色、以及白色)。其需要在單色 顯示中顯示另外的灰階色度並且於彩色顯示情況中則顯示 f外的色形。因為控制每像素單—單色鏡片或每像素三種 15形色鏡片—之類比偏斜可能是非常地不容易,故其必須設計 -有更複雜像素結構之調變器結構。 【發明内容】 發明概要 本發明係有關於—種光調變器,其包含:一陣列,盆 包含干涉顯示元件之列和行,各元件被㈣成為—個或多、 :::之個或多個子元件;陣列連接線,其被組態以傳 =作㈣至該等顯示元件,其中—連接線對應至該陣列 歹,、歹J之顯不凡件;子陣列連接線,其電氣地連接到各陣 n以及多數個開關’其被組態以從各陣列連接線 20 1253041 傳輪该等操作信號至該等子列而導致影像資料調變。 圖式簡單說明 本發明實施例可以藉由讀取相關圖形之揭示而最佳地 被了解,其中: 第1圖展示一組干涉調變器之範例。 ^第2圖展示包含其對應連接導線之支配區域的LCD調 麦器像素之先前技術實施例。 第3圖展不使用具有被減縮導線之區域陣列調變的干 涉調變器之實施例。 第4圖展示用於多工化干涉調變器之時序圖。 第5圖展示使用具有被減縮導線的區域陣列調變之干 涉調變器的另一實施例。 第6圖展示使用相同地被加權之區域的干涉調變器之 時序圖。 σ 第7圖展示使用區域陣列調變之干涉調變器杏 施例。 σ力貝 第8a-8c圖展示電氣地被串聯之干涉調變器 施例。 口 丁貝 第9圖展示相似於被使用作為開關之干涉調變器元件 的可偏斜元件之實施例。 第_展示可偏斜元件可如何藉由變化電壓脈波之振 幅和持續而選擇地被定址之圖形。 【貧施方式】 車乂佳實施例之詳細說明 20 1253041 第1圖展示一種干涉光調變器之範例。這特定範例是一 組iMoD™,但是任何干涉調變器亦可以採用本發明之實施 例。並非隱示或有意地限制或侷限於iMoD™調變器。 該調變器一般包含以列和行被配置之分別元件的陣 5 列。第1圖展示之一組元件具有在透明基片10(—般是玻璃) 上的電極層12。調變器之光學共振干涉腔室的表面14被組 裝於電極層上且氧化層16覆蓋這表面。腔室平行表面之鏡 片20,藉由支架18而被懸掛在腔室上面。操作時,當玻璃 基片上之電極被致動時,鏡片20靜電地被吸引而朝向玻璃 10 基片。鏡片20之偏斜改變腔室尺度並且導致在腔室内之光 線利用干涉而被調變。 從直視顯示器產生之圖像元素(像素)將由例如第1圖所 展示之元件所構成。這些調變器元件之各組於鏡片20是在 無偏斜狀態時將是亮的,或“導通”。當鏡片20移動至其全 15 部的設計深度以朝向腔室之前表面而進入腔室時,腔室之 改變導致產生之像素為“暗的”或被關掉。對於彩色像素, 分別調變元件之導通狀態可以依據調變器組態和顯示器色 彩機構而為白色、紅色、綠色、藍色、或其他的色彩。最 通常,單一色彩像素將由產生干涉藍色光線之一些調變器 20 元件、產生干涉紅色光線之相同數目元件、以及產生干涉 綠色光線之相同數目元件所構成。藉由依據顯示資訊而移 動鏡片,調變器可產生全部的彩色影像。 最基本的顯示器同時地致動在一像素之内所給予色彩 之所有的調變器元件,而可能產生每像素有八個色彩。本 1253041 發明提供致動在一像素内分別於所給予色彩的其他元素之 相同色彩的一些元素。這使紅色光線之多重飽和度,藍色 光線之多重飽和度,以及綠色光線之多重飽和度被混合在 所給予的像素之内。這使得每像素不受限制於8種色彩,而 干涉顯示器每像素能夠產生數千之色彩。 相似型式之被加權區域的 u "r丹他型式之顯不w 10 15 中被實施。例如,第2圖對應至美國專利編號第5499037案 中之第9圖,其展示一組被加權區域之方法。於這範例中, 精由產生包含利用六個電極被定址之9個分離像素元件之 —組讀細提供16個位準之強度,其中三㈣極被形成 、平連接導線並且二組電極被形成如垂直連接導線。形 =料之全彩像素可能減9條垂直導線三條供用於紅 之相二Γ供用於綠色’且三條供用於藍色,以及第2圖展示 (Ι6χΐ6χ16),而呈右】搶制 ’、&仏4096個色彩 色事之四似/ 較於具有提供八個 因為該干、、牛,”I雜顯示糸統。 作,二= 的元件傾向於二元模式的操 靜止狀恶的明亮以及完全偏斜 什 不是容易可供用的。因此,干涉類比操作 域的操作方法獲益。本發是料能從支配區 配區域的操作方法,其是獨特 ^的是提供-種支 減低切實施例所需的複雜性。用於干涉調變器並且其 第3圖展示需要較少輸出的接卿 深度之支配㈣結狀干涉_ ^供較高位元 ^貫施例。驅動器裝置 20 1253041 5〇之母顯示列具有一輸出接腳,且—連接線被提供在各驅 動器裝置輸出接腳以及調變器陣列之一對應列之間。單一 列連接在包含顯示元件之子列的子元件之間被多工化。此 處被引介之顯示元件指示整個顯示表面之某一區域。顯示 5凡件是子元件之集合,其-般解析呈現-組同調影像資訊 勺,4不礼。最典型之顯不凡件將對應至產生之影像中的 -組單-像素。第3圖之顯示元件4G已經被分割成為三行, 42 44以及46,-般’於其中顯示元件4〇代表一組像素之 情況中,各行是供用於各色彩,例如,紅色、綠色以及藍 W色。此外,各行已經被分割成為以子列配置的4組子元件。 為理解第3圖系統如何作用,考慮到此驅動器裝置5〇 的列選擇輸出-般依開始於輸出淡著前進至輸出2等等之 順序樣型而作用。當時序信號導致列5作用時,開關56關閉 並且開關58打開’導致作用之驅動器接腳電壓被施加至子 15元件42a、44a以及46&之子列上。同時地,可以被連接到一 組驅動器裝置(不顯示於第3圖中)之資料線43、45,以及47, 利用適當的電壓被驅動而導致子元件42a、4乜以及46a切換 至適於相關之顯示元件40的目前影像内容之狀態。 一旦子元件42a、42b以及42c抵達它們新近被定址之位 20 置時,開關56打開且開關58關閉。即時地,隨後開關57關 閉且開關59打開,並且資料線43、45以及47被驅動至供用 於子像素42b、44b以及46b的適當值。這順序繼續直至三組 資料線已經利用四個不同的資料組被驅動而更動顯示元件 40中之十二個子像素為止。接著此順序重複於列6、7等等。 10 1253041 如第3圖之展示,時序/開關致動信號於整個顯示中與 所有的其他列共用,因而當任何列之第一子列作用時,每 一列之第一子列的開關變換,且第二、第三以及第四子列 亦然。但是,僅用於作用列之驅動器輸出接腳以作用定址 5 電壓位準被供電。當作用列被提高為資料選擇電壓時,所 有非作用列被保持為一種不選擇之偏壓電壓。以這方式, 除了作用子列之外,所有子列中的元件被認為相同,不選 擇電壓無關於時序信號狀態並且結果無關於在子列之内的 開關位置。應注意到,在需要基本低位功率消耗的情況中, 10 無作用列-選擇開關的切換,可藉由遮罩電路而被避免。 從第3圖可知,開關56和58以及被連接到時序信號線的 其他開關,被製造為相似於干涉元件之微機電裝置,例如, 第1圖之展示。因為陣列是經歷微機電程序以產生干涉顯示 元件,於圍繞陣列區域中製造這些“額外”元件將不產生額 15 外的複雜性或必定提昇裝置成本。子列之多工化可利用其 他型式之開關被完成,可能包含,但是不受限制於,不相 似於干涉元件的製造方式被製造之微機電開關以及使用被 放置於調變器之玻璃基片上的薄矽薄膜被製造之更多習見 的電子式開關。 20 在此被使用之名詞“相似於”意指裝置具有相同的電 極、腔室以及懸掛在腔室上之鏡片的基本結構。當建構電 氣開關時,接近干涉調變元件中之玻璃基片而被製造的光 學功能不是所需的,並且可能需要消除這光學功能。其僅 需要的是,當在完全偏斜時,鏡片將與二個傳導區域接觸 1253041 (並且因此電氣地連接),而該傳導區域可能由被使用以製造 疋址電極之薄膜層及/或被使用以形成光學共振腔室前壁 面之傳導層所製造。這是不同於干涉元件可以操作之方 式,這也是為何開關結構是“相似於,,而不是相同於顯示元 5 件。 第4圖展示列5之可能操作的時序圖。在⑴時,於列4之 信號是高位,如從調變器之所見。在⑴寺,於列4之信號成 為低位並且列5起作用。相似地,列5A之線起作用。在t2時, 列5A成為低位並且列5B起作用。這依序地繼續於列5c和 10 5D。 此實施例導致在陣列和驅動器之間的連接數目被減 。必須驅動子列中之分別子元件的連接被形成於調變器 陣列周圍的區域中,導致它們與陣列在相同“晶片上,,,而 不需要驅動器裝置提供用於各子元件之分別輸出接腳。 15 第3圖展示之元件被繪晝為大約相等區域。另一有用之 幾何形狀則使用相對彼此具有二元“實際,,加權的子元件。 如於第7圖之顯示元件70可知,僅使用4個此子元件的4位元 深度被提供。例如,區域78具有大約等於顯示元件7〇全部 尺寸的一半之尺寸。子元件74具有大約等於次大子元件之 2〇 一半尺寸的尺寸,於這情況中,子元件78,供給子元件74 全尺寸的顯示元件之四分之一的尺寸。各依序的子元件具 有大約等於次大子TL件一半尺寸之尺寸。子元件72是子元 件74尺寸的一半,或子元件7〇之八分之一的尺寸。子元件 71疋子7L件72尺寸的一半,或子元件7〇尺寸的十六分之一。 12 1253041 具有不同實際尺寸的元件如所需地被致動以得到具有 所給予的色彩強度之整體顯示像素。下面列表展示,利用 各色彩強度位準之參考數目表示的導通(ON)子元件。 色彩強度 導通之子元件 0 無 1 71 2 72 3 71,72 4 74 5 71,74 6 72,74 7 71,72,74 8 78 9 71,78 10 72,78 11 71,72,78 12 74,78 13 71,74,78 14 72,74,78 15 71,72,74,78 雖然在這裡已說明利用第3圖多工化技術之定址,這加 5 權區域之實施例可從上述之多工化技術而分別地被使用。 互連複雜性之增加將被產生,但是,於許多系統中,此相 對低之複雜性程度將是可接受的。 於不同的實施例中,4位元之深度利用分割顯示元件之 13 1253041 各子行成為16(24)之子元件而被達成。各子行中之各組i6 子兀件以串聯方式被連接在一起並且因此被稱為‘‘子元件 串聯”。分別被串聯的子元件可以被製造而作為干涉調變元 件和電氣開關,例如第3圖之展示。另外地,各分別的干涉 5子兀件可以具有一組被製造即時相鄰之電氣開關。 第5圖展不具有4位元之深度的子元件串聯之顯示元件 60範例。二行的線連接至子元件串聯中之第一元件;子元 件61r是於紅色串聯中、61g是於綠色串聯中以及是於藍 色串聯中之第-元件,615咖61&是紅色串聯之最後元件。 10色形強度之控制利用被施加至行線之定址脈波的寬度而被 提供。這可利用查看第8圖和第9圖展示之二種可能的子元 件組態而最佳地被了解。 於第8a圖中之子行的子元件組件,例如第5圖展示之子 元件61r、62r以及63ι·,其以相交部份之方式被展示。干涉 15腔室藉由懸掛、可移動鏡片元件(例如,82)以及前表面光學 薄膜堆疊(例如,84)而被形成。於這情況中,被懸掛之可移 動的元件同時也作用如第3圖展示之開關所進行之開關接 觸器一般。傳導元件86a-86e在各子元件之内被形成陣列, 而相鄰於光學薄膜堆疊。當可移動鏡片82與光學薄膜堆疊 20 84接觸時,子元件從第一光學狀態被切換至第二光學狀 態。另外地,-組電路被完成,因為可移動鏡片現在連接 傳導器86a至傳導器86b。 子元件串聯藉由施加-第-極性之位址電壓至移動鏡 片84以及固定之接觸86a而被定址。第二極性位址電壓被施 1253041 加至在光學薄膜堆疊84之内或在其之下的電極。形成的電 位差量導致鏡片82偏斜,而完成如第8b圖展示之在傳導器 86a和86b之間的連接。藉由目前被施加至傳導器86t^經由 鏡片82)第一電壓極性,鏡片92最後將偏斜,如第8c圖之展 5示。這程序將繼續直至所有的串聯鏡片被瓦解或直至位址 脈波被移除為止。因此顯示元件之反射強度利用控制位址 脈波之時間持續(或脈波寬度)被控制。 第6圖展示分別地具有色彩值12、13以及3之子元件串 聯的二組連績定址順序之時序圖。色彩值〇是“黑色,,戍關 10閉,並且色彩值16將代表串聯中的所有子元件導通。定址 脈波被展示於頂部線中。如所見,當位址脈波時間持續增 加時更多鏡片元件被致動,而移動成為“黑色,,或關閉狀 態。在第一位址脈波時,四組元件移動成為“黑色,,狀態, 並且色彩值12被達成-12組元件是留於亮的狀態中。參考第 15 5圖,這可能對應至依序地切換至“黑色,,狀態之子元件61r、 62r、63r以及 64r。 在弟一疋址時,位址脈波是較短的,並且僅三組元件 切換至“黑色”狀態。於最後定址中,丨3組元件切換至“黑色,, 狀態而留下相對暗之反射色彩值3。時序圖中之不持續性代 20表鏡片維持其被定址狀態之相對長的週期(一般於視訊技 術名稱中之“像框時間”)。在這整合時間,觀看者眼睛感受 被加權區域之強度值。 在各像框時間末端,第6圖展示所有的鏡片在再被定址 之前被重置在他們的靜止位置。其可能定址干涉裝置,因 15 1253041 而這重置不是必須的。在這裡強調在各定址之“直線時間” 時發生之切換操作。應注意到,位址脈波必須超出某一最 小時間持續以便導致子元件串聯中之第一元件導通。一非 常短的定址脈波,例如,較短於子元件之反應時間之暫態 5 信號,將不導致第一子元件切換。 一旦位址脈波已足夠長地起作用而供第一子元件切 換,則定址信號被“傳送”至陣列中的下一個元件。再次地, 位址脈波必須足夠長地起作用而通過第一元件之切換以導 致第二元件切換。因子元件反應時間被假設為大約地相 10 同,子元件串聯應該被控制而提供所需數目的子元件導通 且同時可對假性信號提供相對高之免疫性。累計的效應將 導致顯示元件對於結果的像素形成適當的色彩強度。以這 方式,可有4位元密度之顯示元件而不需要任何額外的連接 線或來自驅動器裝置之額外的連接。 15 上述之串聯效應是取決於提供顯示之光學功能以及它 本身之電氣切換串聯的可移動鏡片元件。第9圖展示的一種 選擇,其提供相鄰各干涉子元件(例如,100)之一組分離電 氣開關,例如,與光學元件同時地變換之102。第9圖之實 施例展示一種微機械式開關,但是其他的型式之開關,例 20 如,矽或其他的半導體電晶體開關亦可以被使用。以這方 式,光學元件之參數和電氣元件之參數可分別地被最佳 化。第9圖系統之定址波形和色彩值結果是相同於第8圖系 統提供的那些結果。第8和9圖系統是藉由控制調變器的性 能以得到不同的位元深度位準之兩範例。 16 1253041 第ίο圖之圖形中,展示藉由變化定址脈波之時間持續 以及那些脈波的電壓位準,供用於位元-深度切換之可移動 鏡片定址的更精確控制可被達成。第10圖應用於包含許多 分別的移動鏡片之顯示元件。鏡片以名稱b〗、b2、b3等等而 5 代表。鏡片以及鏡片元件本身之機械式支援結構可使用— 些不同的技術(例如,變化薄膜厚度以及在薄膜内之剩餘庭 力)被製造,而允許在相對於時間之不同的速率和在相對於 所施加之電壓的不同偏移時之分別的鏡片偏斜。 如第10圖所展示,可移動元件b!在電壓Vi較短的施加 10之後偏斜。鏡片h更緩慢地反應並且將在乂丨較長的施加之 後致動。兩鏡片bjub3將反應至V2之短暫的施加並且鏡片、 月匕夠反應至V2之非常快的施加,其是沒有其他鏡片可反應 的。以這方式,各種鏡片組合可藉由設計時間/電壓空間之 位址脈波而使之偏斜,其中名稱“組合,,包含單一元件之切 換。如果這些鏡片具有不同的區域,例如,第7圖展示之區 域,則多數亮度位準可藉由單一對之電氣連接定址多片段 顯示元件而被達成。 -以所有的這些方式,遠超越出單一位元之提供強度位 凡深度而供用於干涉元件的另外方法可被達成。雖缺上面 W討論相關於具有16色彩強度之位準的4位元深度之實施 例,這些實_可以被採祕較大糾之任何位元深度之實 施例。 因此,雖然用於區域陣列調變且減低干涉調變器中之 導線總數的方法和裝置之特定實施例已被說明,除了下面 17 1253041 設定的申請專利範圍之外,此等特定參考將不作為本發明 範疇之限制。 【圖式簡單說明3 第1圖展示一組干涉調變器之範例。 5 第2圖展示包含其對應連接導線之支配區域的LCD調 變器像素之先前技術實施例。 第3圖展示使用具有被減縮導線之區域陣列調變的干 涉調變器之實施例。 第4圖展示用於多工化干涉調變器之時序圖。 10 第5圖展示使用具有被減縮導線的區域陣列調變之干 涉調變器的另一實施例。 第6圖展示使用相同地被加權之區域的干涉調變器之 時序圖。 第7圖展示使用區域陣列調變之干涉調變器的另一實 15 施例。 第8 a - 8 c圖展示電氣地被串聯之干涉調變器元件的實 施例。 第9圖展示相似於被使用作為開關之干涉調變器元件 的可偏斜元件之實施例。 20 第10圖展示可偏斜元件可如何藉由變化電壓脈波之振 幅和持續而選擇地被定址之圖形。 【主要元件符號說明】 10…透明基片 14…調變器光學共振表面 12…電極層 16…表面氧化層 18 1253041 18…支架 50…驅動器裝置 20…鏡片 56,57,58,59···開關 30,31,32,34,35,36〜電極 60···顯示元件 40…顯示元件 6 lr,6 lb,61 g···第一元件之子元件 42…子元件 615r,616r…最後元件之子元件 42a-42d···子元件 70…顯示元件 43…資料線 71,72,74,78〜子元件 44…子元件 82…可移動鏡片 44a-44d···子元件 84…光學薄膜堆疊 45…資料線 86a-86e…傳導元件 46…子元件 92…鏡片 46a-46cl···子元件 100…干涉子元件 47…資料線 102…光學元件 19
Claims (1)
1253041 十、申請專利範圍·· l —種光調變器,其包含·· 一陣列,其包含干涉顯示元件之列和行,各元件被 77割成為一個或多個子列之一個或多個子元件; 陣列連接線,其被組態以傳輸操作信號至該等顯示 元件,其中一連接線對應至該陣列中一列之顯示元件; 子陣列連接線,其電氣地連接到各陣列連接線;以 及 多數個開關,其被組態以從各陣列連接線傳輸該等 操作化號至該等子列而導致影像資料調變。 2.如申請專利範圍第丨項之光崎器,其中各元件之子列 包含一紅色子元件、-綠色子元件以及色子元件。 3·如申請專利範圍第i項之光調變器,各元件進一步地包 含三條行連接線,各供騎各元件巾之紅色、綠色以及 藍色子元件。 如申明專利视圍第1項之光調變器,該等開關包含微機 電式開關。 5. 如申請專利範圍第i項之光調變器,其中一組或多組開 關包含一組或多組干涉調變元件。 6. 如申請專利範圍第i項之光調變器,其包含複數子元 件’其被L至於當—組被選擇的子元件被偏斜時, 該被選擇的子元件導致來自該陣列連接線之操作信號 從該被選擇的子元件傳送至_組相鄰之子元件。 7·如申請專利範圍第i項之光調變器,其中―組或多組開 20 1253041 關包含一組半導體電晶體開關。 8. —種製造干涉光調變器之方法,該方法包含: 提供一組以列和行被配置之干涉顯示元件陣列,各 顯示元件包含: 5 預定數目子列之子元件,其中該預定數目子列取決 於供顯示所需的位元-深度;以及 在各子列内之預定數目子行,其中該預定數目子行 對應至供該顯示所需之色彩數目; 對於各列配置陣列連接線,以至於各連接線對應至 10 該陣列之一列;並且 提供在對於各列之該陣列連接線之間的電氣連接 至該陣列之對應列的該等子列之一子列。 9. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中對於各列配置陣列 連接線進一步地包含在該陣列和一驅動器裝置之間配 15 置陣列連接線。 10. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中提供在該陣列連接 線之間的電氣連接進一步地包含提供至一組微機電開 關之連接。 11. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中提供在該陣列連接 20 線之間的電氣連接進一步地包含提供至一組半導體開 關的連接。 12. 如申請專利範圍第10項之方法,其中該微機電開關進一 步地包含相似於該干涉顯示元件之組態的開關。 13. 如申請專利範圍第8項之方法,其中提供電氣連接進一 21 1253041 步地包含偏斜一子列之一子元件,因而在該子元件和一 相鄰子元件之間形成一連接。 14. 一種光調變器,其包含: 一組以列和行被配置之干涉顯示元件陣列,各元件 5 包含預定數目之子元件,其中該子元件數目藉由一所需 的位元深度而被決定並且各元件大約為相同尺寸; 在該等子元件之間的電氣連接,以至於該電氣連接 形成一子元件串聯;以及 一組對應至顯示元件各列之陣列連接線,其中各陣 10 列連接線電氣地被連接到各顯示元件中之一子元件。 15. 如申請專利範圍第14項之光調變器,其進一步地包含在 各顯示元件内之預定數目子元件串聯,其中該預定數目 是所需的色彩數目。 16. 如申請專利範圍第14項之光調變器,其進一步地包含提 15 供一定址脈波至各子元件串聯之定址電路,其中於該串 聯中作用的子元件數目取決於該定址脈波之長度。 17. —種製造光調變器之方法,其包含: 提供一組以列和行被配置之干涉顯示元件陣列,各 元件包含預定數目子元件之至少一子元件串聯;並且 20 電氣地連接在一列中之各子元件串聯的第一元件 至供用於該列之一對應的連接線; 18. 如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其中提供具有至少一子 元件串聯之干涉元件陣列進一步地包含對於各所需的 色彩提供一子元件串聯。 22 1253041 19. 如申請專利範圍第17項之方法,其進一步地包含對於各 列電氣地連接該連接線至一驅動器裝置。 20. —種光調變器,其包含: 一組干涉元件陣列,各元件包含一預定數目之子元 5 件,其中該等子元件之一組或多組是對應至不同顯示資 訊之二進位加權的不同尺寸,其中該子元件數目取決於 所需要的位元深度。 21. 如申請專利範圍第20項之光調變器,該預定數目之子元 件進一步地包含四組子元件,其為一半尺寸之第一組子 10 元件,四分之一尺寸的第二組子元件,八分之一尺寸的 第三組子元件以及十六分之一尺寸的第四組子元件。 22. 如申請專利範圍第20項之光調變器,其進一步地包含供 用於各該等子元件之一連接線。 23. 如申請專利範圍第20項之光調變器,其進一步地包含供 15 用於各顯示元件之一連接線,以及電氣地被連接在該顯 示元件和該子元件之間的一組開關,其中該光調變器被 組態,以至於產生一像素加權所需的子元件依據顯示資 訊而被致動。 24. —種製造光調變器之方法,該方法包含: 20 提供一組干涉顯示元件陣列; 在各顯示元件之内形成大約地等於顯示元件一半 尺寸的子元件;並且 如所需地形成子元件,其中各子元件具有大約地等 於下一最大元件尺寸的一半尺寸。 23 1253041 25. 如申請專利範圍第24項之方法,其進一步地包含形成供 用於各子元件之一連接線。 26. 如申請專利範圍第24項之方法,其進一步地包含形成供 用於各顯示元件之一連接線並且提供在該連接線和該 5 子元件之間的電氣連接之多工開關。 27. —種操作光調變器之方法,其包含: 接收供用於一列顯示元件之一列選擇信號; 傳輸該列選擇信號經一預定時間週期至一子元件 陣列,以至於預定數目子元件被致動。 10 28. —種光調變器,其包含: 一組元件陣列,其具有偏斜相對於時間和偏斜相對 於電壓之不同值;以及 定址線列,其提供變化電壓位準和時間之定址脈波 至該元件陣列,以至於不同的元件組合依據該定址脈波 15 之該電壓位準和時間持續而以可選擇方式切換。 29. 如申請專利範圍第28項之光調變器,其中定址線列被配 置以提供該元件陣列中供用於一列之一組定址。 30. 如申請專利範圍第28項之光調變器,其中該元件陣列具 有不同機械結構以導致偏斜相對於時間和偏斜相對於 20 電壓之不同值。 31. 如申請專利範圍第28項之光調變器,其中該元件陣列具 有不同薄膜厚度以導致偏斜相對於時間和偏斜相對於 電壓之不同值。 24
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/731,989 US7161728B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2003-12-09 | Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
TW200523650A TW200523650A (en) | 2005-07-16 |
TWI253041B true TWI253041B (en) | 2006-04-11 |
Family
ID=34634460
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
TW093136739A TWI253041B (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2004-11-29 | Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (7) | US7161728B2 (zh) |
EP (4) | EP1692683B1 (zh) |
JP (3) | JP5203608B2 (zh) |
KR (3) | KR101060269B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101685201A (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2004304303A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0417427A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA2548400C (zh) |
HK (1) | HK1097636A1 (zh) |
IL (2) | IL191510A0 (zh) |
MX (1) | MXPA06006585A (zh) |
RU (1) | RU2378715C2 (zh) |
TW (1) | TWI253041B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2005062284A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (178)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6674562B1 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-06 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US7907319B2 (en) * | 1995-11-06 | 2011-03-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light with optical compensation |
US7471444B2 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 2008-12-30 | Idc, Llc | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
WO1999052006A2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 1999-10-14 | Etalon, Inc. | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US8928967B2 (en) | 1998-04-08 | 2015-01-06 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for modulating light |
WO2003007049A1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
US6574033B1 (en) | 2002-02-27 | 2003-06-03 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Microelectromechanical systems device and method for fabricating same |
TWI289708B (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2007-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Optical interference type color display |
US7417782B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2008-08-26 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for spatial light modulation |
TWI251712B (en) * | 2003-08-15 | 2006-03-21 | Prime View Int Corp Ltd | Interference display plate |
US20080088651A1 (en) * | 2003-11-01 | 2008-04-17 | Yoshihiro Maeda | Divided mirror pixels for deformable mirror device |
US7161728B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-01-09 | Idc, Llc | Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators |
US7342705B2 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2008-03-11 | Idc, Llc | Spatial light modulator with integrated optical compensation structure |
US7532194B2 (en) * | 2004-02-03 | 2009-05-12 | Idc, Llc | Driver voltage adjuster |
US7855824B2 (en) * | 2004-03-06 | 2010-12-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for color optimization in a display |
US7256922B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2007-08-14 | Idc, Llc | Interferometric modulators with thin film transistors |
TWI233916B (en) * | 2004-07-09 | 2005-06-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of a micro electro mechanical system |
US7889163B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2011-02-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Drive method for MEMS devices |
US7515147B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2009-04-07 | Idc, Llc | Staggered column drive circuit systems and methods |
US7499208B2 (en) | 2004-08-27 | 2009-03-03 | Udc, Llc | Current mode display driver circuit realization feature |
US7560299B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2009-07-14 | Idc, Llc | Systems and methods of actuating MEMS display elements |
US7551159B2 (en) * | 2004-08-27 | 2009-06-23 | Idc, Llc | System and method of sensing actuation and release voltages of an interferometric modulator |
US7602375B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-10-13 | Idc, Llc | Method and system for writing data to MEMS display elements |
US7564612B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-07-21 | Idc, Llc | Photonic MEMS and structures |
US8124434B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2012-02-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for packaging a display |
US20060077148A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-04-13 | Gally Brian J | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US7724993B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS switches with deforming membranes |
US7668415B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-02-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for providing electronic circuitry on a backplate |
US7446926B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-11-04 | Idc, Llc | System and method of providing a regenerating protective coating in a MEMS device |
US7813026B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-10-12 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method of reducing color shift in a display |
US7944599B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-05-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Electromechanical device with optical function separated from mechanical and electrical function |
US7345805B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-03-18 | Idc, Llc | Interferometric modulator array with integrated MEMS electrical switches |
US7898521B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2011-03-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Device and method for wavelength filtering |
US7420725B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-09-02 | Idc, Llc | Device having a conductive light absorbing mask and method for fabricating same |
US8310441B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2012-11-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for writing data to MEMS display elements |
US7928928B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2011-04-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and method for reducing perceived color shift |
US7710632B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device having an array of spatial light modulators with integrated color filters |
US7302157B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-11-27 | Idc, Llc | System and method for multi-level brightness in interferometric modulation |
US7525730B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-04-28 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for generating white in an interferometric modulator display |
US7184202B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-02-27 | Idc, Llc | Method and system for packaging a MEMS device |
US7446927B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-11-04 | Idc, Llc | MEMS switch with set and latch electrodes |
US7130104B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-10-31 | Idc, Llc | Methods and devices for inhibiting tilting of a mirror in an interferometric modulator |
US7675669B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-03-09 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for driving interferometric modulators |
US8102407B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2012-01-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US8514169B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2013-08-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus and system for writing data to electromechanical display elements |
US7710636B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods using interferometric optical modulators and diffusers |
US7486429B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-02-03 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for multistate interferometric light modulation |
US8031133B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2011-10-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US7405924B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-07-29 | Idc, Llc | System and method for protecting microelectromechanical systems array using structurally reinforced back-plate |
US7719500B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-05-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Reflective display pixels arranged in non-rectangular arrays |
US7911428B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2011-03-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US7843410B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-11-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for electrically programmable display |
US7807488B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-10-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display element having filter material diffused in a substrate of the display element |
US7310179B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2007-12-18 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for selective adjustment of hysteresis window |
US7372613B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-05-13 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for multistate interferometric light modulation |
US7424198B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-09-09 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for packaging a substrate |
US7701631B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-04-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Device having patterned spacers for backplates and method of making the same |
US8362987B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2013-01-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and device for manipulating color in a display |
US7893919B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2011-02-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display region architectures |
US7532195B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2009-05-12 | Idc, Llc | Method and system for reducing power consumption in a display |
US20060066557A1 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-03-30 | Floyd Philip D | Method and device for reflective display with time sequential color illumination |
US7573547B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-08-11 | Idc, Llc | System and method for protecting micro-structure of display array using spacers in gap within display device |
US7545550B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2009-06-09 | Idc, Llc | Systems and methods of actuating MEMS display elements |
US7289259B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2007-10-30 | Idc, Llc | Conductive bus structure for interferometric modulator array |
US7679627B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2010-03-16 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Controller and driver features for bi-stable display |
US7136213B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-11-14 | Idc, Llc | Interferometric modulators having charge persistence |
US7684104B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2010-03-23 | Idc, Llc | MEMS using filler material and method |
US8878825B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2014-11-04 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for providing a variable refresh rate of an interferometric modulator display |
US7321456B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-01-22 | Idc, Llc | Method and device for corner interferometric modulation |
US7304784B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2007-12-04 | Idc, Llc | Reflective display device having viewable display on both sides |
KR100661347B1 (ko) | 2004-10-27 | 2006-12-27 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 미소 박막 구조물 및 이를 이용한 mems 스위치 그리고그것들을 제조하기 위한 방법 |
US7999994B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2011-08-16 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
US7675665B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2010-03-09 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Methods and apparatus for actuating displays |
US20070205969A1 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2007-09-06 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Direct-view MEMS display devices and methods for generating images thereon |
US7746529B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2010-06-29 | Pixtronix, Inc. | MEMS display apparatus |
US8159428B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2012-04-17 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display methods and apparatus |
US7755582B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2010-07-13 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Display methods and apparatus |
US8482496B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2013-07-09 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling MEMS display apparatus on a transparent substrate |
US9082353B2 (en) | 2010-01-05 | 2015-07-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US7742016B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2010-06-22 | Pixtronix, Incorporated | Display methods and apparatus |
US8519945B2 (en) | 2006-01-06 | 2013-08-27 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US8310442B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2012-11-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US9229222B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-01-05 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Alignment methods in fluid-filled MEMS displays |
US9261694B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2016-02-16 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus and methods for manufacture thereof |
US9158106B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2015-10-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display methods and apparatus |
CA2607807A1 (en) | 2005-05-05 | 2006-11-16 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Dynamic driver ic and display panel configuration |
US7920136B2 (en) | 2005-05-05 | 2011-04-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method of driving a MEMS display device |
EP1949165B1 (en) * | 2005-11-16 | 2012-10-24 | QUALCOMM MEMS Technologies, Inc. | MEMS switch with set and latch electrodes |
US8391630B2 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2013-03-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for power reduction when decompressing video streams for interferometric modulator displays |
US7916980B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2011-03-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interconnect structure for MEMS device |
US8194056B2 (en) * | 2006-02-09 | 2012-06-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc. | Method and system for writing data to MEMS display elements |
US8526096B2 (en) | 2006-02-23 | 2013-09-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Mechanical light modulators with stressed beams |
WO2007120885A2 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-10-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Mems devices and processes for packaging such devices |
US8004743B2 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2011-08-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for providing brightness control in an interferometric modulator (IMOD) display |
US8049713B2 (en) | 2006-04-24 | 2011-11-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Power consumption optimized display update |
US7876489B2 (en) | 2006-06-05 | 2011-01-25 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with optical cavities |
US7471442B2 (en) * | 2006-06-15 | 2008-12-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for low range bit depth enhancements for MEMS display architectures |
US7702192B2 (en) | 2006-06-21 | 2010-04-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods for driving MEMS display |
US7777715B2 (en) * | 2006-06-29 | 2010-08-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Passive circuits for de-multiplexing display inputs |
US7527998B2 (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2009-05-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of manufacturing MEMS devices providing air gap control |
WO2008033441A2 (en) * | 2006-09-12 | 2008-03-20 | Olympus Corporation | Divided mirror pixels for deformable mirror device |
CN101600901A (zh) | 2006-10-06 | 2009-12-09 | 高通Mems科技公司 | 集成于显示器的照明设备中的光学损失结构 |
US8872085B2 (en) | 2006-10-06 | 2014-10-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device having front illuminator with turning features |
EP2080045A1 (en) | 2006-10-20 | 2009-07-22 | Pixtronix Inc. | Light guides and backlight systems incorporating light redirectors at varying densities |
US20080111834A1 (en) * | 2006-11-09 | 2008-05-15 | Mignard Marc M | Two primary color display |
US7724417B2 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2010-05-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | MEMS switches with deforming membranes |
US7556981B2 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2009-07-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Switches for shorting during MEMS etch release |
US20080158648A1 (en) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-07-03 | Cummings William J | Peripheral switches for MEMS display test |
WO2008088892A2 (en) * | 2007-01-19 | 2008-07-24 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Sensor-based feedback for display apparatus |
US7852546B2 (en) | 2007-10-19 | 2010-12-14 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Spacers for maintaining display apparatus alignment |
US9176318B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2015-11-03 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Methods for manufacturing fluid-filled MEMS displays |
US7957589B2 (en) * | 2007-01-25 | 2011-06-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Arbitrary power function using logarithm lookup table |
US7403180B1 (en) * | 2007-01-29 | 2008-07-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid color synthesis for multistate reflective modulator displays |
US20080192029A1 (en) * | 2007-02-08 | 2008-08-14 | Michael Hugh Anderson | Passive circuits for de-multiplexing display inputs |
US8111262B2 (en) | 2007-05-18 | 2012-02-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator displays with reduced color sensitivity |
US20090015579A1 (en) * | 2007-07-12 | 2009-01-15 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Mechanical relaxation tracking and responding in a mems driver |
US8022896B2 (en) * | 2007-08-08 | 2011-09-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | ESD protection for MEMS display panels |
US7847999B2 (en) * | 2007-09-14 | 2010-12-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator display devices |
KR101415566B1 (ko) | 2007-10-29 | 2014-07-04 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 |
US7729036B2 (en) * | 2007-11-12 | 2010-06-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Capacitive MEMS device with programmable offset voltage control |
US8068710B2 (en) | 2007-12-07 | 2011-11-29 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Decoupled holographic film and diffuser |
WO2009102620A2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc. | Methods for measurement and characterization of interferometric modulators |
US20090201282A1 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc | Methods of tuning interferometric modulator displays |
BRPI0908464A2 (pt) * | 2008-02-11 | 2015-12-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | equipamento e método de sensoreamento, medição e caracterização elétrica de elementos de imagem e dispositivos de exibição |
US8274299B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2012-09-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Methods for measurement and characterization of interferometric modulators |
WO2009102581A1 (en) | 2008-02-11 | 2009-08-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Impedance sensing to determine pixel state in a passively addressed display array |
KR20100119556A (ko) | 2008-02-11 | 2010-11-09 | 퀄컴 엠이엠스 테크놀로지스, 인크. | Mems 기반 디스플레이용의 전기적 구동 변수의 전기적 측정을 위한 방법 및 장치 |
US8451298B2 (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2013-05-28 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Multi-level stochastic dithering with noise mitigation via sequential template averaging |
US7643305B2 (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2010-01-05 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method of preventing damage to metal traces of flexible printed circuits |
US7944604B2 (en) | 2008-03-07 | 2011-05-17 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Interferometric modulator in transmission mode |
US7977931B2 (en) | 2008-03-18 | 2011-07-12 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Family of current/power-efficient high voltage linear regulator circuit architectures |
US8094358B2 (en) * | 2008-03-27 | 2012-01-10 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Dimming mirror |
US8248560B2 (en) | 2008-04-18 | 2012-08-21 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Light guides and backlight systems incorporating prismatic structures and light redirectors |
US7768690B2 (en) * | 2008-06-25 | 2010-08-03 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Backlight displays |
US20090323170A1 (en) * | 2008-06-30 | 2009-12-31 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Groove on cover plate or substrate |
US7782522B2 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2010-08-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Encapsulation methods for interferometric modulator and MEMS devices |
US8169679B2 (en) | 2008-10-27 | 2012-05-01 | Pixtronix, Inc. | MEMS anchors |
US8270056B2 (en) * | 2009-03-23 | 2012-09-18 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display device with openings between sub-pixels and method of making same |
US20100245370A1 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2010-09-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Em shielding for display devices |
US8405649B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2013-03-26 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Low voltage driver scheme for interferometric modulators |
US8736590B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-05-27 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Low voltage driver scheme for interferometric modulators |
US8248358B2 (en) * | 2009-03-27 | 2012-08-21 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Altering frame rates in a MEMS display by selective line skipping |
WO2010141767A1 (en) * | 2009-06-05 | 2010-12-09 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for improving the quality of halftone video using an adaptive threshold |
US7990604B2 (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2011-08-02 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Analog interferometric modulator |
US8379392B2 (en) * | 2009-10-23 | 2013-02-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Light-based sealing and device packaging |
US20110109615A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-12 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Energy saving driving sequence for a display |
US20110164068A1 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Reordering display line updates |
US8884940B2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2014-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Charge pump for producing display driver output |
US20110164027A1 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2011-07-07 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method of detecting change in display data |
US8310421B2 (en) * | 2010-01-06 | 2012-11-13 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display drive switch configuration |
JP5569002B2 (ja) * | 2010-01-21 | 2014-08-13 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 分析機器および特性測定方法 |
JP2013519122A (ja) | 2010-02-02 | 2013-05-23 | ピクストロニックス・インコーポレーテッド | ディスプレイ装置を制御するための回路 |
KR20120132680A (ko) | 2010-02-02 | 2012-12-07 | 픽스트로닉스 인코포레이티드 | 저온 실 유체 충전된 디스플레이 장치의 제조 방법 |
US8730218B2 (en) * | 2010-02-12 | 2014-05-20 | Blackberry Limited | Ambient light-compensated reflective display devices and methods related thereto |
BR112012022900A2 (pt) | 2010-03-11 | 2018-06-05 | Pixtronix Inc | modos de operação transflexivos e refletivos para um dispositivo de exibição |
BR112012022747A2 (pt) * | 2010-03-12 | 2016-07-19 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | multiplicação de linha para permitir taxa de restauração aumentada de um monitor |
US8659611B2 (en) * | 2010-03-17 | 2014-02-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for frame buffer storage and retrieval in alternating orientations |
CN102834761A (zh) | 2010-04-09 | 2012-12-19 | 高通Mems科技公司 | 机电装置的机械层及其形成方法 |
KR101821727B1 (ko) | 2010-04-16 | 2018-01-24 | 플렉스 라이팅 투 엘엘씨 | 필름 기반 라이트가이드를 포함하는 프론트 조명 디바이스 |
US9110200B2 (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2015-08-18 | Flex Lighting Ii, Llc | Illumination device comprising a film-based lightguide |
US8848294B2 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2014-09-30 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Method and structure capable of changing color saturation |
US8670171B2 (en) | 2010-10-18 | 2014-03-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Display having an embedded microlens array |
US8294184B2 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2012-10-23 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | EMS tunable transistor |
US20120236049A1 (en) * | 2011-03-15 | 2012-09-20 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Color-dependent write waveform timing |
US8345030B2 (en) | 2011-03-18 | 2013-01-01 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | System and method for providing positive and negative voltages from a single inductor |
US9134527B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-09-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
US8963159B2 (en) | 2011-04-04 | 2015-02-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Pixel via and methods of forming the same |
US8659816B2 (en) | 2011-04-25 | 2014-02-25 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Mechanical layer and methods of making the same |
US9235047B2 (en) * | 2011-06-01 | 2016-01-12 | Pixtronix, Inc. | MEMS display pixel control circuits and methods |
US8988409B2 (en) | 2011-07-22 | 2015-03-24 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Methods and devices for voltage reduction for active matrix displays using variability of pixel device capacitance |
WO2013049813A1 (en) * | 2011-10-01 | 2013-04-04 | Ipg Photonics Corporation | Head assembly for a laser processing system |
US8749538B2 (en) | 2011-10-21 | 2014-06-10 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Device and method of controlling brightness of a display based on ambient lighting conditions |
US8669926B2 (en) | 2011-11-30 | 2014-03-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Drive scheme for a display |
US9135843B2 (en) | 2012-05-31 | 2015-09-15 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Charge pump for producing display driver output |
US9183812B2 (en) | 2013-01-29 | 2015-11-10 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Ambient light aware display apparatus |
US9134552B2 (en) | 2013-03-13 | 2015-09-15 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display apparatus with narrow gap electrostatic actuators |
US9135867B2 (en) | 2013-04-01 | 2015-09-15 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Display element pixel circuit with voltage equalization |
US11453165B2 (en) * | 2019-02-05 | 2022-09-27 | Silicon Light Machines Corporation | Stacked PLV driver architecture for a microelectromechanical system spatial light modulator |
Family Cites Families (264)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US552924A (en) * | 1896-01-14 | Electric releasing device | ||
US2534846A (en) | 1946-06-20 | 1950-12-19 | Emi Ltd | Color filter |
DE1288651B (de) * | 1963-06-28 | 1969-02-06 | Siemens Ag | Anordnung elektrischer Dipole fuer Wellenlaengen unterhalb 1 mm und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer derartigen Anordnung |
FR1603131A (zh) * | 1968-07-05 | 1971-03-22 | ||
US3813265A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1974-05-28 | A Marks | Electro-optical dipolar material |
US3653741A (en) * | 1970-02-16 | 1972-04-04 | Alvin M Marks | Electro-optical dipolar material |
US3982239A (en) * | 1973-02-07 | 1976-09-21 | North Hills Electronics, Inc. | Saturation drive arrangements for optically bistable displays |
DE2336930A1 (de) | 1973-07-20 | 1975-02-06 | Battelle Institut E V | Infrarot-modulator (ii.) |
US4099854A (en) | 1976-10-12 | 1978-07-11 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Optical notch filter utilizing electric dipole resonance absorption |
US4389096A (en) | 1977-12-27 | 1983-06-21 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Image display apparatus of liquid crystal valve projection type |
US4663083A (en) | 1978-05-26 | 1987-05-05 | Marks Alvin M | Electro-optical dipole suspension with reflective-absorptive-transmissive characteristics |
US4445050A (en) * | 1981-12-15 | 1984-04-24 | Marks Alvin M | Device for conversion of light power to electric power |
US4228437A (en) | 1979-06-26 | 1980-10-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Wideband polarization-transforming electromagnetic mirror |
NL8001281A (nl) | 1980-03-04 | 1981-10-01 | Philips Nv | Weergeefinrichting. |
DE3012253A1 (de) | 1980-03-28 | 1981-10-15 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zum sichtbarmaschen von ladungsbildern und eine hierfuer geeignete vorichtung |
US4377324A (en) * | 1980-08-04 | 1983-03-22 | Honeywell Inc. | Graded index Fabry-Perot optical filter device |
US4441791A (en) * | 1980-09-02 | 1984-04-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Deformable mirror light modulator |
FR2506026A1 (fr) | 1981-05-18 | 1982-11-19 | Radant Etudes | Procede et dispositif pour l'analyse d'un faisceau de rayonnement d'ondes electromagnetiques hyperfrequence |
NL8103377A (nl) | 1981-07-16 | 1983-02-16 | Philips Nv | Weergeefinrichting. |
US4571603A (en) * | 1981-11-03 | 1986-02-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Deformable mirror electrostatic printer |
NL8200354A (nl) | 1982-02-01 | 1983-09-01 | Philips Nv | Passieve weergeefinrichting. |
US4500171A (en) * | 1982-06-02 | 1985-02-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Process for plastic LCD fill hole sealing |
US4482213A (en) | 1982-11-23 | 1984-11-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Perimeter seal reinforcement holes for plastic LCDs |
US4710732A (en) | 1984-07-31 | 1987-12-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4566935A (en) * | 1984-07-31 | 1986-01-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4709995A (en) * | 1984-08-18 | 1987-12-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferroelectric display panel and driving method therefor to achieve gray scale |
US4662746A (en) | 1985-10-30 | 1987-05-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4596992A (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1986-06-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Linear spatial light modulator and printer |
US5061049A (en) | 1984-08-31 | 1991-10-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US5096279A (en) * | 1984-08-31 | 1992-03-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4615595A (en) | 1984-10-10 | 1986-10-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Frame addressed spatial light modulator |
US5172262A (en) | 1985-10-30 | 1992-12-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and method |
US4859060A (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1989-08-22 | 501 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Variable interferometric device and a process for the production of the same |
US5835255A (en) | 1986-04-23 | 1998-11-10 | Etalon, Inc. | Visible spectrum modulator arrays |
GB8610129D0 (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1986-05-29 | Secr Defence | Electro-optical device |
US4748366A (en) | 1986-09-02 | 1988-05-31 | Taylor George W | Novel uses of piezoelectric materials for creating optical effects |
US4786128A (en) | 1986-12-02 | 1988-11-22 | Quantum Diagnostics, Ltd. | Device for modulating and reflecting electromagnetic radiation employing electro-optic layer having a variable index of refraction |
NL8701138A (nl) | 1987-05-13 | 1988-12-01 | Philips Nv | Electroscopische beeldweergeefinrichting. |
FR2615644B1 (fr) | 1987-05-18 | 1989-06-30 | Brunel Christian | Dispositif d'affichage electroluminescent a effet memoire et a demi-teintes |
US4857978A (en) | 1987-08-11 | 1989-08-15 | North American Philips Corporation | Solid state light modulator incorporating metallized gel and method of metallization |
US4900136A (en) * | 1987-08-11 | 1990-02-13 | North American Philips Corporation | Method of metallizing silica-containing gel and solid state light modulator incorporating the metallized gel |
US4956619A (en) | 1988-02-19 | 1990-09-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator |
US4856863A (en) | 1988-06-22 | 1989-08-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical fiber interconnection network including spatial light modulator |
US5074840A (en) * | 1990-07-24 | 1991-12-24 | Inbae Yoon | Packing device and method of packing for endoscopic procedures |
US5028939A (en) | 1988-08-23 | 1991-07-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator system |
JP2700903B2 (ja) * | 1988-09-30 | 1998-01-21 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置 |
US5068649A (en) * | 1988-10-14 | 1991-11-26 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Method and apparatus for displaying different shades of gray on a liquid crystal display |
US4982184A (en) * | 1989-01-03 | 1991-01-01 | General Electric Company | Electrocrystallochromic display and element |
DE69012353T2 (de) | 1989-01-09 | 1995-04-20 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Flüssigkristall-Anzeigevorrichtung und Verfahren zu ihrer Ansteuerung. |
US5272473A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-12-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Reduced-speckle display system |
KR100202246B1 (ko) | 1989-02-27 | 1999-06-15 | 윌리엄 비. 켐플러 | 디지탈화 비디오 시스템을 위한 장치 및 방법 |
US5214419A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-05-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Planarized true three dimensional display |
US5162787A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1992-11-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Apparatus and method for digitized video system utilizing a moving display surface |
US5446479A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1995-08-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-dimensional array video processor system |
US5170156A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1992-12-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-frequency two dimensional display system |
US5214420A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-05-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator projection system with random polarity light |
US5192946A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1993-03-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digitized color video display system |
US5287096A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1994-02-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Variable luminosity display system |
US5079544A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1992-01-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Standard independent digitized video system |
US5206629A (en) * | 1989-02-27 | 1993-04-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator and memory for digitized video display |
US4900395A (en) * | 1989-04-07 | 1990-02-13 | Fsi International, Inc. | HF gas etching of wafers in an acid processor |
US5022745A (en) | 1989-09-07 | 1991-06-11 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrostatically deformable single crystal dielectrically coated mirror |
US4954789A (en) | 1989-09-28 | 1990-09-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator |
US5381253A (en) * | 1991-11-14 | 1995-01-10 | Board Of Regents Of University Of Colorado | Chiral smectic liquid crystal optical modulators having variable retardation |
US5124834A (en) | 1989-11-16 | 1992-06-23 | General Electric Company | Transferrable, self-supporting pellicle for elastomer light valve displays and method for making the same |
US5037173A (en) | 1989-11-22 | 1991-08-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical interconnection network |
JP2910114B2 (ja) | 1990-01-20 | 1999-06-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 電子機器 |
US5500635A (en) * | 1990-02-20 | 1996-03-19 | Mott; Jonathan C. | Products incorporating piezoelectric material |
CH682523A5 (fr) * | 1990-04-20 | 1993-09-30 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Dispositif de modulation de lumière à adressage matriciel. |
GB9012099D0 (en) | 1990-05-31 | 1990-07-18 | Kodak Ltd | Optical article for multicolour imaging |
US5083857A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-level deformable mirror device |
EP0467048B1 (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1995-09-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Field-updated deformable mirror device |
US5099353A (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Architecture and process for integrating DMD with control circuit substrates |
US5018256A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1991-05-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Architecture and process for integrating DMD with control circuit substrates |
US5142405A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1992-08-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bistable dmd addressing circuit and method |
US5216537A (en) | 1990-06-29 | 1993-06-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Architecture and process for integrating DMD with control circuit substrates |
US5153771A (en) | 1990-07-18 | 1992-10-06 | Northrop Corporation | Coherent light modulation and detector |
US5526688A (en) | 1990-10-12 | 1996-06-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital flexure beam accelerometer and method |
US5192395A (en) * | 1990-10-12 | 1993-03-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of making a digital flexure beam accelerometer |
US5044736A (en) | 1990-11-06 | 1991-09-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Configurable optical filter or display |
US5331454A (en) | 1990-11-13 | 1994-07-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Low reset voltage process for DMD |
US5602671A (en) * | 1990-11-13 | 1997-02-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Low surface energy passivation layer for micromechanical devices |
US5233459A (en) * | 1991-03-06 | 1993-08-03 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electric display device |
CA2063744C (en) | 1991-04-01 | 2002-10-08 | Paul M. Urbanus | Digital micromirror device architecture and timing for use in a pulse-width modulated display system |
US5142414A (en) | 1991-04-22 | 1992-08-25 | Koehler Dale R | Electrically actuatable temporal tristimulus-color device |
US5226099A (en) | 1991-04-26 | 1993-07-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital micromirror shutter device |
US5179274A (en) * | 1991-07-12 | 1993-01-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for controlling operation of optical systems and devices |
US5287215A (en) | 1991-07-17 | 1994-02-15 | Optron Systems, Inc. | Membrane light modulation systems |
US5168406A (en) | 1991-07-31 | 1992-12-01 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Color deformable mirror device and method for manufacture |
US5254980A (en) | 1991-09-06 | 1993-10-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | DMD display system controller |
US5358601A (en) | 1991-09-24 | 1994-10-25 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Process for isotropically etching semiconductor devices |
US5563398A (en) | 1991-10-31 | 1996-10-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator scanning system |
CA2081753C (en) | 1991-11-22 | 2002-08-06 | Jeffrey B. Sampsell | Dmd scanner |
US5233385A (en) | 1991-12-18 | 1993-08-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | White light enhanced color field sequential projection |
US5233456A (en) | 1991-12-20 | 1993-08-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Resonant mirror and method of manufacture |
US5228013A (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1993-07-13 | Bik Russell J | Clock-painting device and method for indicating the time-of-day with a non-traditional, now analog artistic panel of digital electronic visual displays |
US5296950A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-03-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optical signal free-space conversion board |
US5231532A (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1993-07-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Switchable resonant filter for optical radiation |
US5212582A (en) | 1992-03-04 | 1993-05-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Electrostatically controlled beam steering device and method |
DE69310974T2 (de) | 1992-03-25 | 1997-11-06 | Texas Instruments Inc | Eingebautes optisches Eichsystem |
US5312513A (en) | 1992-04-03 | 1994-05-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Methods of forming multiple phase light modulators |
WO1993021663A1 (en) * | 1992-04-08 | 1993-10-28 | Georgia Tech Research Corporation | Process for lift-off of thin film materials from a growth substrate |
US5311360A (en) | 1992-04-28 | 1994-05-10 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford, Junior University | Method and apparatus for modulating a light beam |
JPH0651250A (ja) * | 1992-05-20 | 1994-02-25 | Texas Instr Inc <Ti> | モノリシックな空間的光変調器およびメモリのパッケージ |
JPH06214169A (ja) * | 1992-06-08 | 1994-08-05 | Texas Instr Inc <Ti> | 制御可能な光学的周期的表面フィルタ |
US5818095A (en) * | 1992-08-11 | 1998-10-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | High-yield spatial light modulator with light blocking layer |
US5293272A (en) * | 1992-08-24 | 1994-03-08 | Physical Optics Corporation | High finesse holographic fabry-perot etalon and method of fabricating |
US5327286A (en) | 1992-08-31 | 1994-07-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Real time optical correlation system |
US5325116A (en) | 1992-09-18 | 1994-06-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Device for writing to and reading from optical storage media |
US5433219A (en) * | 1992-09-23 | 1995-07-18 | Spery; Nanette S. | Receptive condom assembly |
US5296775A (en) | 1992-09-24 | 1994-03-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Cooling microfan arrangements and process |
US5488505A (en) * | 1992-10-01 | 1996-01-30 | Engle; Craig D. | Enhanced electrostatic shutter mosaic modulator |
DE69405420T2 (de) | 1993-01-11 | 1998-03-12 | Texas Instruments Inc | Pixelkontrollschaltung für räumlichen Lichtmodulator |
US6674562B1 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-06 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US5461411A (en) | 1993-03-29 | 1995-10-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Process and architecture for digital micromirror printer |
US5324683A (en) | 1993-06-02 | 1994-06-28 | Motorola, Inc. | Method of forming a semiconductor structure having an air region |
US5475397A (en) | 1993-07-12 | 1995-12-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reducing discontinuities in an active addressing display system |
US5489952A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and device for multi-format television |
US5365283A (en) | 1993-07-19 | 1994-11-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Color phase control for projection display using spatial light modulator |
US5526172A (en) | 1993-07-27 | 1996-06-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Microminiature, monolithic, variable electrical signal processor and apparatus including same |
US5619061A (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1997-04-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micromechanical microwave switching |
US5581272A (en) | 1993-08-25 | 1996-12-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Signal generator for controlling a spatial light modulator |
US5552925A (en) | 1993-09-07 | 1996-09-03 | John M. Baker | Electro-micro-mechanical shutters on transparent substrates |
US5457493A (en) | 1993-09-15 | 1995-10-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital micro-mirror based image simulation system |
US5497197A (en) * | 1993-11-04 | 1996-03-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method for packaging data into video processor |
US5526051A (en) | 1993-10-27 | 1996-06-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital television system |
US5459602A (en) | 1993-10-29 | 1995-10-17 | Texas Instruments | Micro-mechanical optical shutter |
US5452024A (en) | 1993-11-01 | 1995-09-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | DMD display system |
US5517347A (en) | 1993-12-01 | 1996-05-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Direct view deformable mirror device |
CA2137059C (en) | 1993-12-03 | 2004-11-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dmd architecture to improve horizontal resolution |
US5583688A (en) | 1993-12-21 | 1996-12-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-level digital micromirror device |
US5598565A (en) * | 1993-12-29 | 1997-01-28 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for screen power saving |
US5448314A (en) | 1994-01-07 | 1995-09-05 | Texas Instruments | Method and apparatus for sequential color imaging |
US5500761A (en) * | 1994-01-27 | 1996-03-19 | At&T Corp. | Micromechanical modulator |
US5444566A (en) | 1994-03-07 | 1995-08-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Optimized electronic operation of digital micromirror devices |
JP3298301B2 (ja) * | 1994-04-18 | 2002-07-02 | カシオ計算機株式会社 | 液晶駆動装置 |
US7123216B1 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2006-10-17 | Idc, Llc | Photonic MEMS and structures |
US6710908B2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2004-03-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Controlling micro-electro-mechanical cavities |
US20010003487A1 (en) * | 1996-11-05 | 2001-06-14 | Mark W. Miles | Visible spectrum modulator arrays |
US7550794B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2009-06-23 | Idc, Llc | Micromechanical systems device comprising a displaceable electrode and a charge-trapping layer |
US7460291B2 (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2008-12-02 | Idc, Llc | Separable modulator |
US6680792B2 (en) | 1994-05-05 | 2004-01-20 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Interferometric modulation of radiation |
US6040937A (en) * | 1994-05-05 | 2000-03-21 | Etalon, Inc. | Interferometric modulation |
US5497172A (en) * | 1994-06-13 | 1996-03-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Pulse width modulation for spatial light modulator with split reset addressing |
US5454906A (en) | 1994-06-21 | 1995-10-03 | Texas Instruments Inc. | Method of providing sacrificial spacer for micro-mechanical devices |
US5499062A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 1996-03-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multiplexed memory timing with block reset and secondary memory |
JPH0823500A (ja) * | 1994-07-11 | 1996-01-23 | Canon Inc | 空間光変調素子および該素子を用いた投影型表示装置 |
US5619059A (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1997-04-08 | National Research Council Of Canada | Color deformable mirror device having optical thin film interference color coatings |
US5552924A (en) | 1994-11-14 | 1996-09-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micromechanical device having an improved beam |
US5610624A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1997-03-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Spatial light modulator with reduced possibility of an on state defect |
US5612713A (en) * | 1995-01-06 | 1997-03-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Digital micro-mirror device with block data loading |
US5726480A (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1998-03-10 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Etchants for use in micromachining of CMOS Microaccelerometers and microelectromechanical devices and method of making the same |
US5567334A (en) | 1995-02-27 | 1996-10-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for creating a digital micromirror device using an aluminum hard mask |
US5610438A (en) * | 1995-03-08 | 1997-03-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Micro-mechanical device with non-evaporable getter |
US5535047A (en) | 1995-04-18 | 1996-07-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Active yoke hidden hinge digital micromirror device |
US5578976A (en) * | 1995-06-22 | 1996-11-26 | Rockwell International Corporation | Micro electromechanical RF switch |
US5739945A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-04-14 | Tayebati; Parviz | Electrically tunable optical filter utilizing a deformable multi-layer mirror |
JP3799092B2 (ja) * | 1995-12-29 | 2006-07-19 | アジレント・テクノロジーズ・インク | 光変調装置及びディスプレイ装置 |
US5790548A (en) | 1996-04-18 | 1998-08-04 | Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc. | Universal access multimedia data network |
US5710656A (en) * | 1996-07-30 | 1998-01-20 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Micromechanical optical modulator having a reduced-mass composite membrane |
JPH1068931A (ja) * | 1996-08-28 | 1998-03-10 | Sharp Corp | アクティブマトリクス型液晶表示装置 |
DE69806846T2 (de) * | 1997-05-08 | 2002-12-12 | Texas Instruments Inc., Dallas | Verbesserungen für räumliche Lichtmodulatoren |
US6480177B2 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2002-11-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Blocked stepped address voltage for micromechanical devices |
US5867302A (en) * | 1997-08-07 | 1999-02-02 | Sandia Corporation | Bistable microelectromechanical actuator |
US5966235A (en) * | 1997-09-30 | 1999-10-12 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Micro-mechanical modulator having an improved membrane configuration |
JP3433074B2 (ja) * | 1997-11-18 | 2003-08-04 | 株式会社東芝 | 液晶表示装置 |
US6028690A (en) * | 1997-11-26 | 2000-02-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Reduced micromirror mirror gaps for improved contrast ratio |
US6180428B1 (en) * | 1997-12-12 | 2001-01-30 | Xerox Corporation | Monolithic scanning light emitting devices using micromachining |
KR100607739B1 (ko) * | 1997-12-16 | 2006-08-01 | 고수다르스체니 노크니 첸트르 로시스코이 페데라치 | 편광기와 액정디스플레이 |
GB9803441D0 (en) * | 1998-02-18 | 1998-04-15 | Cambridge Display Tech Ltd | Electroluminescent devices |
JP3824290B2 (ja) | 1998-05-07 | 2006-09-20 | 富士写真フイルム株式会社 | アレイ型光変調素子、アレイ型露光素子、及び平面型ディスプレイ、並びにアレイ型光変調素子の駆動方法 |
DE19811022A1 (de) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-09-16 | Siemens Ag | Aktivmatrix-Flüssigkristallanzeige |
US6195196B1 (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 2001-02-27 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Array-type exposing device and flat type display incorporating light modulator and driving method thereof |
JP3403635B2 (ja) | 1998-03-26 | 2003-05-06 | 富士通株式会社 | 表示装置および該表示装置の駆動方法 |
JP2000028938A (ja) * | 1998-07-13 | 2000-01-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | アレイ型光変調素子、アレイ型露光素子、及び平面型ディスプレイの駆動方法 |
JP4074714B2 (ja) * | 1998-09-25 | 2008-04-09 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | アレイ型光変調素子及び平面ディスプレイの駆動方法 |
US6323834B1 (en) * | 1998-10-08 | 2001-11-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Micromechanical displays and fabrication method |
JP3919954B2 (ja) * | 1998-10-16 | 2007-05-30 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | アレイ型光変調素子及び平面ディスプレイの駆動方法 |
US6391675B1 (en) * | 1998-11-25 | 2002-05-21 | Raytheon Company | Method and apparatus for switching high frequency signals |
US6335831B2 (en) * | 1998-12-18 | 2002-01-01 | Eastman Kodak Company | Multilevel mechanical grating device |
US6590549B1 (en) * | 1998-12-30 | 2003-07-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Analog pulse width modulation of video data |
US6771019B1 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2004-08-03 | Ifire Technology, Inc. | Electroluminescent laminate with patterned phosphor structure and thick film dielectric with improved dielectric properties |
US6201633B1 (en) * | 1999-06-07 | 2001-03-13 | Xerox Corporation | Micro-electromechanical based bistable color display sheets |
TW473471B (en) * | 1999-07-21 | 2002-01-21 | Ind Tech Res Inst | Process for preparing pentenoic ester |
US6862029B1 (en) * | 1999-07-27 | 2005-03-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Color display system |
US6507330B1 (en) * | 1999-09-01 | 2003-01-14 | Displaytech, Inc. | DC-balanced and non-DC-balanced drive schemes for liquid crystal devices |
JP3643508B2 (ja) * | 1999-09-28 | 2005-04-27 | 株式会社東芝 | 可動フィルム型表示装置 |
WO2003007049A1 (en) * | 1999-10-05 | 2003-01-23 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Photonic mems and structures |
US6549338B1 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2003-04-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Bandpass filter to reduce thermal impact of dichroic light shift |
US6552840B2 (en) * | 1999-12-03 | 2003-04-22 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Electrostatic efficiency of micromechanical devices |
US6674090B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2004-01-06 | Xerox Corporation | Structure and method for planar lateral oxidation in active |
US6548908B2 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2003-04-15 | Xerox Corporation | Structure and method for planar lateral oxidation in passive devices |
US6545335B1 (en) * | 1999-12-27 | 2003-04-08 | Xerox Corporation | Structure and method for electrical isolation of optoelectronic integrated circuits |
US6466358B2 (en) * | 1999-12-30 | 2002-10-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Analog pulse width modulation cell for digital micromechanical device |
JP2002162652A (ja) * | 2000-01-31 | 2002-06-07 | Fujitsu Ltd | シート状表示装置、樹脂球状体、及びマイクロカプセル |
EP1185972A1 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2002-03-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device comprising a light guide |
KR100771175B1 (ko) * | 2000-03-14 | 2007-10-30 | 티피오 홍콩 홀딩 리미티드 | 동작 전압의 온도 보상 수단을 갖는 비틀린 네마틱 액정 디스플레이 디바이스 |
US20010051014A1 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2001-12-13 | Behrang Behin | Optical switch employing biased rotatable combdrive devices and methods |
SE517550C2 (sv) * | 2000-04-17 | 2002-06-18 | Micronic Laser Systems Ab | Mönstergenereringssystem användande en spatialljusmodulator |
JP3843703B2 (ja) * | 2000-06-13 | 2006-11-08 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 光書き込み型記録表示装置 |
EP1172681A3 (en) * | 2000-07-13 | 2004-06-09 | Creo IL. Ltd. | Blazed micro-mechanical light modulator and array thereof |
US6853129B1 (en) * | 2000-07-28 | 2005-02-08 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Protected substrate structure for a field emission display device |
JP2002062490A (ja) * | 2000-08-14 | 2002-02-28 | Canon Inc | 干渉性変調素子 |
JP4392970B2 (ja) | 2000-08-21 | 2010-01-06 | キヤノン株式会社 | 干渉性変調素子を用いる表示素子 |
JP2002072193A (ja) * | 2000-08-23 | 2002-03-12 | Seiko Epson Corp | 液晶表示装置および電子機器 |
US6504118B2 (en) * | 2000-10-27 | 2003-01-07 | Daniel J Hyman | Microfabricated double-throw relay with multimorph actuator and electrostatic latch mechanism |
US6859218B1 (en) * | 2000-11-07 | 2005-02-22 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Electronic display devices and methods |
US6593934B1 (en) * | 2000-11-16 | 2003-07-15 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Automatic gamma correction system for displays |
US6433917B1 (en) * | 2000-11-22 | 2002-08-13 | Ball Semiconductor, Inc. | Light modulation device and system |
US6504641B2 (en) * | 2000-12-01 | 2003-01-07 | Agere Systems Inc. | Driver and method of operating a micro-electromechanical system device |
US6756996B2 (en) * | 2000-12-19 | 2004-06-29 | Intel Corporation | Obtaining a high refresh rate display using a low bandwidth digital interface |
FR2818795B1 (fr) * | 2000-12-27 | 2003-12-05 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Micro-dispositif a actionneur thermique |
US6907167B2 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2005-06-14 | Gazillion Bits, Inc. | Optical interleaving with enhanced spectral response and reduced polarization sensitivity |
US6543286B2 (en) | 2001-01-26 | 2003-04-08 | Movaz Networks, Inc. | High frequency pulse width modulation driver, particularly useful for electrostatically actuated MEMS array |
JP4109992B2 (ja) * | 2001-01-30 | 2008-07-02 | 株式会社アドバンテスト | スイッチ、及び集積化回路装置 |
US6657832B2 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2003-12-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Mechanically assisted restoring force support for micromachined membranes |
JP2002328356A (ja) * | 2001-04-27 | 2002-11-15 | Sanyo Electric Co Ltd | アクティブマトリクス型表示装置 |
US7116287B2 (en) | 2001-05-09 | 2006-10-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Drive for cholesteric liquid crystal displays |
US6753196B2 (en) * | 2001-06-26 | 2004-06-22 | Matsushita Electric Works, Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing field emission-type electron source |
JP4032216B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-12 | 2008-01-16 | ソニー株式会社 | 光学多層構造体およびその製造方法、並びに光スイッチング素子および画像表示装置 |
US6862022B2 (en) * | 2001-07-20 | 2005-03-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method and system for automatically selecting a vertical refresh rate for a video display monitor |
US6589625B1 (en) * | 2001-08-01 | 2003-07-08 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Hermetic seal and method to create the same |
JP4785300B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-07 | 2011-10-05 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 電気泳動型表示装置、表示装置、及び電子機器 |
KR100816336B1 (ko) | 2001-10-11 | 2008-03-24 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 박막 트랜지스터 기판 및 그 제조 방법 |
US6870581B2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2005-03-22 | Sharp Laboratories Of America, Inc. | Single panel color video projection display using reflective banded color falling-raster illumination |
CN102789764B (zh) | 2001-11-20 | 2015-05-27 | 伊英克公司 | 驱动双稳态电光显示器的方法 |
US6791735B2 (en) * | 2002-01-09 | 2004-09-14 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Differentially-driven MEMS spatial light modulator |
US6750589B2 (en) * | 2002-01-24 | 2004-06-15 | Honeywell International Inc. | Method and circuit for the control of large arrays of electrostatic actuators |
US6794119B2 (en) * | 2002-02-12 | 2004-09-21 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Method for fabricating a structure for a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device |
US6574033B1 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-06-03 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Microelectromechanical systems device and method for fabricating same |
JP3854182B2 (ja) * | 2002-03-28 | 2006-12-06 | 東北パイオニア株式会社 | 発光表示パネルの駆動方法および有機el表示装置 |
US7053519B2 (en) * | 2002-03-29 | 2006-05-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Electrostatic bimorph actuator |
US6791441B2 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2004-09-14 | Raytheon Company | Micro-electro-mechanical switch, and methods of making and using it |
US6741377B2 (en) * | 2002-07-02 | 2004-05-25 | Iridigm Display Corporation | Device having a light-absorbing mask and a method for fabricating same |
US7256795B2 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2007-08-14 | Ati Technologies Inc. | Extended power management via frame modulation control |
US6674033B1 (en) * | 2002-08-21 | 2004-01-06 | Ming-Shan Wang | Press button type safety switch |
TW544787B (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2003-08-01 | Promos Technologies Inc | Method of forming self-aligned contact structure with locally etched gate conductive layer |
US6747785B2 (en) * | 2002-10-24 | 2004-06-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | MEMS-actuated color light modulator and methods |
US6813060B1 (en) * | 2002-12-09 | 2004-11-02 | Sandia Corporation | Electrical latching of microelectromechanical devices |
TWI289708B (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2007-11-11 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies Inc | Optical interference type color display |
TWI226504B (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2005-01-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of an interference display cell |
US6829132B2 (en) * | 2003-04-30 | 2004-12-07 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Charge control of micro-electromechanical device |
US6741384B1 (en) | 2003-04-30 | 2004-05-25 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Control of MEMS and light modulator arrays |
US6865313B2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-03-08 | Opticnet, Inc. | Bistable latching actuator for optical switching applications |
US7348111B2 (en) * | 2003-05-14 | 2008-03-25 | Agfa Corporation | Reduction of imaging artifacts in a platesetter having a diffractive modulator |
TW591716B (en) * | 2003-05-26 | 2004-06-11 | Prime View Int Co Ltd | A structure of a structure release and manufacturing the same |
US7221495B2 (en) * | 2003-06-24 | 2007-05-22 | Idc Llc | Thin film precursor stack for MEMS manufacturing |
US7190380B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2007-03-13 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Generating and displaying spatially offset sub-frames |
US7173314B2 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2007-02-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Storage device having a probe and a storage cell with moveable parts |
US20050057442A1 (en) * | 2003-08-28 | 2005-03-17 | Olan Way | Adjacent display of sequential sub-images |
US6982820B2 (en) * | 2003-09-26 | 2006-01-03 | Prime View International Co., Ltd. | Color changeable pixel |
US20050068583A1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2005-03-31 | Gutkowski Lawrence J. | Organizing a digital image |
US6861277B1 (en) * | 2003-10-02 | 2005-03-01 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Method of forming MEMS device |
US20050116924A1 (en) * | 2003-10-07 | 2005-06-02 | Rolltronics Corporation | Micro-electromechanical switching backplane |
US7161728B2 (en) * | 2003-12-09 | 2007-01-09 | Idc, Llc | Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators |
US7142346B2 (en) | 2003-12-09 | 2006-11-28 | Idc, Llc | System and method for addressing a MEMS display |
EP1571485A3 (en) | 2004-02-24 | 2005-10-05 | Barco N.V. | Display element array with optimized pixel and sub-pixel layout for use in reflective displays |
US7327510B2 (en) | 2004-09-27 | 2008-02-05 | Idc, Llc | Process for modifying offset voltage characteristics of an interferometric modulator |
US7136213B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2006-11-14 | Idc, Llc | Interferometric modulators having charge persistence |
US7345805B2 (en) * | 2004-09-27 | 2008-03-18 | Idc, Llc | Interferometric modulator array with integrated MEMS electrical switches |
US7139112B2 (en) * | 2004-10-27 | 2006-11-21 | United Microdisplay Optronics Corp. | Spatial light modulator and method for color management |
US7054051B1 (en) | 2004-11-26 | 2006-05-30 | Alces Technology, Inc. | Differential interferometric light modulator and image display device |
US8310442B2 (en) | 2005-02-23 | 2012-11-13 | Pixtronix, Inc. | Circuits for controlling display apparatus |
US7403180B1 (en) | 2007-01-29 | 2008-07-22 | Qualcomm Mems Technologies, Inc. | Hybrid color synthesis for multistate reflective modulator displays |
-
2003
- 2003-12-09 US US10/731,989 patent/US7161728B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2004
- 2004-11-22 EP EP04811942A patent/EP1692683B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-22 EP EP10165436A patent/EP2221798B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2004-11-22 KR KR1020067011247A patent/KR101060269B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-22 CN CN200910126075A patent/CN101685201A/zh active Pending
- 2004-11-22 EP EP10165438A patent/EP2221800A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-11-22 KR KR1020117017222A patent/KR101204731B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-22 RU RU2006124545/28A patent/RU2378715C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-22 CA CA2548400A patent/CA2548400C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-22 KR KR1020117010443A patent/KR101204730B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-22 CN CN2004800362793A patent/CN1890705B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-22 EP EP10165437A patent/EP2221799A3/en not_active Ceased
- 2004-11-22 JP JP2006543852A patent/JP5203608B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-11-22 BR BRPI0417427-5A patent/BRPI0417427A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-11-22 AU AU2004304303A patent/AU2004304303A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-11-22 WO PCT/US2004/039312 patent/WO2005062284A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-11-22 MX MXPA06006585A patent/MXPA06006585A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2004-11-29 TW TW093136739A patent/TWI253041B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2005
- 2005-06-10 US US11/150,566 patent/US7196837B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-24 IL IL191510A patent/IL191510A0/en unknown
- 2006-05-24 IL IL175903A patent/IL175903A0/en unknown
-
2007
- 2007-01-03 US US11/649,439 patent/US7489428B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2007-03-29 HK HK07103347.7A patent/HK1097636A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2008
- 2008-04-14 US US12/102,759 patent/US7545554B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2009
- 2009-02-06 US US12/367,422 patent/US7782525B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-05-04 US US12/435,256 patent/US7864402B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2010
- 2010-06-16 JP JP2010137283A patent/JP2010266875A/ja active Pending
- 2010-12-07 US US12/962,370 patent/US8009347B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-07-04 JP JP2014139129A patent/JP2014238585A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
TWI253041B (en) | Area array modulation and lead reduction in interferometric modulators | |
EP1060431B1 (en) | Micro-mechanical flat-panel display | |
US6323834B1 (en) | Micromechanical displays and fabrication method | |
EP0715199A2 (en) | Spatial light modulators | |
JP2010503013A (ja) | エレクトロウェッティング効果に基づく電子装置 | |
JP2000193899A (ja) | 画像デ―タのアナログ・パルス幅変調 | |
JPH0469370B2 (zh) | ||
CN113867061A (zh) | 一种阵列基板、阵列基板的驱动方法及显示装置 | |
CN1755477B (zh) | 具有集成mems电开关的干涉式调制器阵列的显示装置及方法 | |
US20160091708A1 (en) | Reflective display device | |
US20090225237A1 (en) | Spatial light modulator and mirror device | |
JP2007127967A (ja) | メモリー性マトリクス型表示装置 | |
KR100262739B1 (ko) | 박막형 광로 조절 장치의 구동 회로 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
MM4A | Annulment or lapse of patent due to non-payment of fees |