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TW592788B - Removal of carbon dioxide from gas streams - Google Patents

Removal of carbon dioxide from gas streams Download PDF

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Publication number
TW592788B
TW592788B TW085102539A TW85102539A TW592788B TW 592788 B TW592788 B TW 592788B TW 085102539 A TW085102539 A TW 085102539A TW 85102539 A TW85102539 A TW 85102539A TW 592788 B TW592788 B TW 592788B
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
air
carbon dioxide
clinoptilolite
adsorption
adsorbent
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Application number
TW085102539A
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English (en)
Inventor
Martin Buelow
Loc Dao
Frank R Fitch
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Boc Group Inc
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Publication of TW592788B publication Critical patent/TW592788B/zh

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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0462Temperature swing adsorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/047Pressure swing adsorption
    • B01D53/0476Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/06Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
    • B01J20/08Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04 comprising aluminium oxide or hydroxide; comprising bauxite
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/103Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01JCHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • B01J20/10Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
    • B01J20/16Alumino-silicates
    • B01J20/165Natural alumino-silicates, e.g. zeolites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/104Alumina
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106Silica or silicates
    • B01D2253/108Zeolites
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/10Nitrogen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/12Oxygen
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/18Noble gases
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/24Hydrocarbons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/50Carbon oxides
    • B01D2257/504Carbon dioxide
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/416Further details for adsorption processes and devices involving cryogenic temperature treatment
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01DSEPARATION
    • B01D53/00Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02CCAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
    • Y02C20/00Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases
    • Y02C20/40Capture or disposal of greenhouse gases of CO2
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S95/00Gas separation: processes
    • Y10S95/90Solid sorbent
    • Y10S95/902Molecular sieve

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
  • Gas Separation By Absorption (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Description

592788
换Atu 五、發明説明(1 )
發明領域 本發明係關於自氣流 於于分離空氣前,#由自空氣移除特別地’係關 空氣。 二轧私除—氧化碳,而預先純化 t塑背景 自然產生或由工業方法產生之氣體經 化碳。例如,大氣空氣通常冬 乂里炙一氧 一 含約300或更多ppm之二氧化 灭。因A欲使氣料成特定處理限制或特別之最終用途, 有時需要或必須自氣體中移除二氧化碳。例如,藉由極冷 =餾(極,空氣分離)而分離成各種成份產物之空氣,必須 實質上無二氧化碳與水份。極冷空氣分離在低於二氧化碳 與水1冷凍點之溫度下進行。因此,如果這些成份並未在 冷部空氣前移除,彼等會結凍而後阻塞空氣分離之處理裝 置。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 .4 少K二氧化竣與水份藉各種技術而自氣流移除,如冷 凝、反向熱交換冷凍及吸附。特佳之方法爲使用吸附劑加 以吸附’與吸附氣流之其他成份相較,該吸附劑可更強烈 地吸附二氧化碳(與水蒸氣)。例如,其通常藉由使氣流通 過沸石13X之床,而ί自經極冷分離之氣流中移除二氧化礙 。於1975年5月27日頒予雪曼等人之美國專利第 3,885,927號中,揭示使用含至少9〇當量%鎖陽離子之X型滞 石,在-40至120°F之溫度下,自含不超過1000 ppm二氧化 碳之氣流中之移除二氧化碳。於丨988年1〇月4日頒予羅 斯特利等人之美國專利第4,775,396號中,揭示在-50至100 4- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標隼(CNS ) Μ規格(210X 297公楚) 592788 年Λ 五、發明説明(2 ~WKi4m c之溫度下’藉壓力擺動自氣流之吸附二氧化碳,吸附劑 爲具有2至100之Si〇2/A12〇3莫耳比例、並且含有至少2〇當 量%之一或更多種選自鋅、稀土金屬、氫與銨陽離子之陽 離子,與不超過80當量%之鹼金屬或鹼土金屬陽離子之沸 石。 沸石13X在低溫下(即約或更低)可自氣流有效地移除 少量之二氧化碳(與水蒸氣),因爲與吸附氮、氧或氬相較 ’其可更強烈地吸附這些成份。然而,當分離氣體之溫度 增加時,沸石13X之二氧化碳選擇性、及較大程度之吸附 能力會快速地減小,而使該分離方法變得不適合用於高於 約20°C之溫度下。由於周圍溫度經常高於較佳之5°C吸附 溫度’而且因爲有吸附熱,在吸附方法過程中,吸附床溫 度有大幅增加之趨勢,通常需要藉外部冷凍以冷卻以吸附 爲主之S氣預先純化廠之空氣進料,而維持氣體於低於20 C之溫度。因爲必須消耗能量以提供所需之冷凍,如此將 降低空氣分離方法之整體效率。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 若可冗全地消除冷凍之需求、或顯著降低以商業化空氣 分離吸附爲主之預先純化步驟所需之冷凍量,將是非常有 利的’因爲如此可增強空氣分離方法之整體經濟吸引力。 本發明係提供新穎之二氧化碳吸附.方法,其可提供此項優 點’並且消除如氣氣权等對環境有害之冷;東劑之需求。 發明概述 根據本發明,係藉由使氣流在約-50至約8CTC之溫度範 圍下通過斜發沸石床,而自氣流中移除二氧化碳以純化氣 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X297公釐) 592788
五、發明説明(3 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 流。本發明之方法可用以純化與二化碳相較、較不強烈地 爲斜發沸石所吸附、而且不含超過約1000 ppm含量之雜質 二氧化碳之任何氣體。通常可藉本發明之方法而純化之氣 體爲空氣、氮、氧、氬、甲烷等。 吸附劑可爲天然斜發沸石,或可與一或更多之選自週期 表第ΙΑ、IIA與IIIA族之各種單價、二價或三價離子、鑭系 離子、鉻(III)、鐵(III)、鋅(II)或銅(II)陽離子交換。較佳 之吸附劑爲具有一或更多之納、钟、經、:1¾、鎂、銷、鐵 、铭、銃、鎵、銦、镱、鑭、鈽、镨、與敛離子作爲可交 換陽離子之斜發沸石。最佳之陽離子爲鋼、II、#5、鎂、 鋁、锶、及鑭系離子或其混合物。 本發明方法之吸附步驟在約20至約80°C之溫度範圍下可 有利地進行。吸附步驟在約30至60°C之溫度範圍下進行時 ,可得到非常良好之結果。 二氧化碳純化較佳爲藉循環方法而進行,更佳爲壓力擺 動吸附(PSA)、溫度擺動吸附(TSA)、或其組合。在最佳之 具體實施例,此方法爲TSA方法。 藉本發明之方法而純化之氣流之二氧化碳濃度較佳爲不 超過600 ppm,及最#圭爲不超過350 ppm。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 本發明之方法可包含二氧化碳吸附之單一操作,或可包 含純化操作之組合,包括二氧化碳吸附及一或更多之空氣 分離、氫氧化、一氧化碳氧化等。在較佳之步驟,二氧化 碳藉上述吸附方法而自空氣中移除,而經純化之空氣藉極 冷蒸館分離成氮、氧、氬或其二或更多之組合。 592788 ΛΑ7日 £ 修正 五、發明説明(4 若氣流中存在水份,亦可將使用斜發沸石之二氧化碳吸 附步驟用以自氣流中移除水份。在較佳之具體實施例,在 二氧化碳吸附前,例如藉由使氣流通過乾燥劑而移除水份 ,乾燥劑較佳爲鋁氧、矽膠或其混合物。 發明之詳細説明 本發明之方法特別可用於在高於約20°C之溫度下、自氣 流中移除低濃度之二氧化碳,即ppm級含量。雖然此方法 可成功地用以自含大於1000 ppm之二氧化碳之氣流中移除 二氧化碳,最有效者爲,在高至約lOOOppm濃度之二氧化 碳存在於氣流時,自氣流中移除二氧化碳。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 用於本發明之吸附劑爲天然或合成斜發沸石及其化學改 質衍生物。天然斜發沸石通常具有一或更多之鉀離子、鈉 離子、鈣離子、與鎂離子,作爲可交換陽離子。陽離子交 換之天然或合成斜發沸石亦可用於本發明。可佔據斜發沸 石吸附劑之可交換陽離子位置之離子包含週期表第IA、 IIA、ΠΙΑ、IIIB族之離子、鑭系元素之三價離子、鋅(II)離 子、銅(II)離子、鉻(III)離子、鐵(III)離子、銨離子、經離 子、或這些種類之二或更多離子之混合物。較佳之第IA族 離子爲鈉、鉀、與鋰離子;較佳之第IIA族離子爲鎂、鈣 、鳃、與鋇離子;較佳之第ΙΠΑ與.IIIB族離子爲鋁、銳、 鎵、銦、镱、與釔;及較佳之三價鑭離子爲鑭、鈽、镨、 與钕。最佳之斜發沸石爲具有一或更多選自以下之離子作 爲可交換陽子之天然與合成斜發滞石:鋼、_、鐘、#5 '、 鎂、與鋇離子。 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) Α4規格(210X297公釐) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 592788 五、發明説明(5 ) 本發明之方法可在單一吸附容器中、或平行配置並且適 於在包含吸附與去吸附之循環方法操作之二或更多床之電 解槽中進行。在此系統,床係呈逆向環繞以確定來自吸附 系統呈經純化氣體呈僞連續流動。 本發明之方法通常以循環方法實行,如溫度擺動吸附、 壓力擺動吸附、眞空擺動吸附、或其組合。此方法特別可 用於藉溫度擺動吸附自空氣中移除少量二氧化碳。理想之 二氧化碳移除方法係結合空氣分離方法,如空氣之極冷蒸 餾,以產生高純度氮、氧、氬、或二或更多這些高純度氣 體產物之組合。 進行吸附步驟之溫度可由約-50°C之最低溫度變化至約 80°C之最高溫度。已發現吸附方法之效率並未如習知吸附 劑用於此方法時般,隨吸附溫度增加而快速下降。此特點 使此方法有利地用於溫暖之氣候下,其中在吸附步驟時, 溫度高於約20°C,或甚至高於約40°C。雖然吸附方法可在 達約80°C之溫度進行,然較佳爲溫度不超過約60°C,及最 佳爲不超過约50°C。 進行吸附步驟之絕對壓力範圍通常爲約0.2至約20巴,及 較佳爲約1至10巴。; 當吸附方法爲PS A時,再生步驟通常在進行吸附步驟之 溫度附近之溫度、而絕對壓力低於吸附壓力下而進行。 PSA循環之再生步驟之壓力通常在約200至約5000毫巴之範 圍,較佳爲約100至約2000毫巴之範圍。當吸附方法爲TSA 時,床的再生在高於吸附溫度之溫度下進行,通常在約50 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) (請先閎讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 592788 修正1 年 A a7u* __七,P B7摘克J·_ 五、發明説明(6 ) 至約250°C之範圍,而較佳爲約100至200°C之範圍。在TSA 具體實施例,壓力可與吸附及再生步驟時相同,但是通常 較佳爲去吸附至約呈大氣壓力時。使用PSA/TSA方法之組 合時,床再生步驟時之溫度與壓力各比吸附步驟時較高及 較低。 在起始根據本發明之循環方法時,將經移除二氧化碳之 氣態進料流引入含上述吸附劑床之吸附容器。當氣體通過 吸附劑床時,二氧化碳被吸附,而且實質上無二氧化碳之 非吸附產物氣體係經由非吸附氣體出口而通過吸附容器。 吸附步驟進行時,二氧化碳前端形成於吸附劑床,並且緩 慢地朝床之非吸附氣體出口端移動。當經過進行吸附步驟 之吸附容器之經吸附二氧化碳前端到達容器之期望處時, 即終止這些容器之吸附方法,而使這些容器進入再生模式 。再生時,如果吸附循環爲壓力擺動吸附,負載二氧化碳 之容器係經降壓,如果使用溫度擺動吸附循環則加熱;或 者,如果使用組合壓力擺動-溫度擺動方法則降壓及加熱。 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 吸附床之再生方法視使用之吸附方法之種類而定。在壓 力擺動吸附之情形,再生階段通常包括逆流降壓步驟,此 時床係經逆流排氣,;直到其得到所需之較低壓力。如果需 要,床之壓力可藉眞空引發裝置(如眞空泵)而降低至次大 氣蜃力。 在某些情形,除了逆流降壓步驟,需要以離開吸附劑床 之非吸附產物氣流逆流地沖洗床。在此情形,床可用非吸 附氣體逆流地沖洗,而且沖洗步驟通常於逆流降壓步驟之 -9- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規格(210X 297公釐) 厶
五、發明説明( =結束時或之後起始。在此沖洗步驟時, 庆· 先風植了自中間儲存設備引入吸附劑 請 先 閲 讀 背 面 之 注 意 事 項 再 填 寫 本 頁 ,者’當吸附系統包含平心置並且逆向操作之多重 w附态時,則來自處於吸附階段之另一吸附器。 =循環可含吸附與再生之基本步驟以外:步驟。例如 =夕重步驟將吸附床降壓爲有利的,伴隨使用第—降壓 屋物以邵份加壓吸附手絲s 附m —床。如此進—步降低非吸 附產物氣體之氣態雜質量。 訂 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 ^據本發明之較佳具體f施例,如空氣之氣流係引入含 U斜發,石種類之吸附容器。氣流溫度可低至·机或 :或π達8G C。假若二氧化碳在氣流之濃度並未顯著 約刪啊,實質上可自氣流移除中所有之二氧化碳 只貝上典一氧化碳產物之氣體係自吸附容器之非吸 附產物耽體出口流出。當二氧化碳吸附前端到達吸附容器 (預足處時(通常接近非吸附產物氣體出口),終止容器: 附方法而且包含於容器中之吸附劑床以上述方法之一 再生。如果吸附廠爲多重床系統,吸附在第二床立即開始 、= 純化方法之連續性不至中斷。預先純化之氣體可接受 進:步處理。例如,‘在極冷空氣分離操作下,預先純化之 空氣送至極冷蒸餾(或吸附)廠,以分餾成一或更多之高純 度氣體。如果需要,來自空氣分離廠之廢氣流可再循=至 預先純化咸,以作爲床再生時之沖洗氣體。 使用習知裳置監測及自動地調整系統内之氣體流動,使 其可完全自動化而以有效之方式連續地進行,此種方法亦 -10- 本纸張尺度適用中國國家榡率(CNS) A4規格(21QX 297公慶) 592788 五、發明説明(8 可視爲在本發明之範圍内。 本發明藉以下之實例而進一步説明,其中,除非另有指 示,份、百分比與比例皆基於體積計算。 實例1 在2至300毫巴之範圍之一系列壓力,於yc、35乇與5〇 C之溫度’對具有1.25之梦铭原子比値之習知鋼X滞石 (NaX),及對首先藉由以熱水清洗,然後以80°c之氣化舞 $谷液廣泛地離子交換而具改良性質之Indonesian天然斜發 沸石,使用Cahn微平衡測量對二氧化碳之平衡吸附等溫線 。斜發)弗石樣品(Indonesian天然斜發ί弗石)之化學分析顯示 其重量百分比組合物爲:64.7% Si02 ; 13.8% Α1203 ; 3.9% CaO ; 2.5% K2〇 ; 1.0%Fe2O3i 0.8% MgO ; 0.26% Ti〇2 ; 0.23% Na2〇 ;與〇.〇i% MnO。各吸附劑樣品(約60毫克)藉 由在第一回運轉前及在各溫度所取之等溫線之間,於35〇 C下抽氣1 ·5小時於原地Cahn微平衡中以活化。進行各試 驗直到達到平衡,對最低之二氧化碳分壓需要達3小時。 员-¾之結果3己錄於下表。 丨 — (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 壓力.,亳巴 2 | 5 10 50 100 300 吸附劑 溫度./C ·; 二氧化碳吸附,毫莫耳/克之吸附劑 NaX 5 1.24 1.80 2.23 3.53 4.11 4.79 Ca Clino.1 5 1.31 1.31 1.46 1.89 2.04 2.18 NaX 35 0.45 0.87 1.26 2.26 2.78 3.73 Ca Clino. 35 0.81 1.04 1.17 1.47 1.65 1.93 NaX 50 0.25 0.55 0.87 1.83 2.27 3.14 Ca Clino. 50 0.64 0.91 1 1.07 1.34一 1.48 1.76 1 #5斜發沸石 -11 、紙張尺度適用中_家標準(CNS) A4規格(21QX 297公缓) 592788
五、發明説明(9 ) 由表明顯可知,在適度之高C02分壓(例如,300毫巴)下 ’用於此實例之鈣斜發沸石具有遠比習知鈉X吸附劑低之 C〇2谷置。本發明之未可預期特性例示於小於或等於$毫巴 C〇2之結果’其一般爲約15大氣壓力之空氣,及大於20°C 足溫度。本發明之吸附劑容量超過20%以上,而且在一些 情形’超過相同條件下之習知X型吸附劑之兩倍。 雖然本發明已特別藉由特定之裝置配置、特定之吸附循 裱、及特定之實驗而敘述,這些特點僅爲本發明之例示並 可加以變化。例如,吸附循環可包括超過兩個床的等化步 驟,而且可視需要包括或排除沖洗步驟及/或非吸附產物 回填步驟。此外,個別步驟之期間及操作條件皆可改變。 本發明之範圍僅爲所附申請專利範圍之範圍所限制。 (請先閲讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) 訂 d 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製

Claims (1)

  1. 、申請專利範圍 2. 4. 6. 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 9. —種自包含雜質二氧化碳之氣流中移除二氧化碳之方法 其包含使孩氣流在-2 0至8 〇 °C之溫度下、以作爲吸附 劑之斜發沸石加以吸附。 根據申請專利範圍第丨項之方法,其中吸附爲選自溫度擺 動吸附、壓力擺動吸附、眞空擺動吸附、及其組合之方 法之一部份。 根據申請專利範圍第1項之方法,其中該吸附劑爲可交換 陽離子係選自1A族、2A族、3A族、3B族、鑭系及其混合 物之離子之斜發沸石。 根據申请專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該吸附劑選自 天然斜發沸石、合成斜發沸石、經鈉交換斜發沸石、經 _ X換斜發沸石、經鋰交換斜發沸石、經鈣交換斜發沸 石、經鎂交換斜發沸石、經鋇交換斜發沸石、及其混合 物。 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中二氧化碳在該 氣流之濃度不大於1000 ppm。 根據申請專利範圍第1或2項之方法,其中該氣流爲氧、 氮、氬或其混合物。 根據申請專利範圍·;第6項之方法,其中該氣流爲空氣。 根據申請專利範圍第6項之方法,在自該氣流中移除二氧 化碳之前,另外包含藉由使氣流通過選自鋁氧、矽膠、 及其混合物之吸附劑,而自氣流移除水蒸氣。 一種分離空氣之方法,包含以下之步驟: (a)以斜發沸石作爲吸附劑,藉由使空氣經溫度擺動 13- 本紙張尺度適用中_家標李(CNS ) A4規格(⑽χ 297公董) 592788 告本 1—. 六、申請專利範圍 年 Λ g ·ρ8 方法而預先純化空氣,由是自空氣吸附二氧化碳;及"(b)使預先純化之空氣經極冷蒸餾,由是產生高純度 氮、高純度氧或兩者。 根據申请專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該吸附劑另外自該 2氣吸附水蒸氣。 H.才艮據申請專利範圍第9項之方法,在步驟⑷之前,另=藉由使空氣通過選自銘氧、今膠、及其混合物之 附釗,而自空氣移除水蒸氣之步驟。 12.:,專利範圍第9項之方法,其中該吸附劑係選白=,滞石、經鐘交換斜發滞石、趣釣交換斜發滞石 及其混合物。 外吸 天 (請先閱讀背面之注意事項再填寫本頁) • 裝 - 二:口 k 經濟部中央標準局員工消費合作社印製 -14 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS ) A4規.格(210X297公慶)
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