SU1244170A1 - Method of refining oils and fats - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to the oil and fat industry and concerns alkali-free refining of oils and fats.

The aim of the invention is to increase the yield and intensify the process by reducing waste and loss of oils and fats, and salubating the neutral fat with micelles of fatty acid salts.

The method is carried out as follows.

The oil and fat are treated with an acidic reagent — an aqueous solution of sodium and potassium monosubstituted phosphate salts with a concentration of 20.0–50.0% in an amount of 0.05–0.25% (calculated as phosphate salt), stirred, then the mixture is treated with water. a solution of sodium, potassium and lithium salts of monobasic carboxylic acids with 0.2-2.01 chloro in it

After stirring, the mixture is settled until the emulsion layer disappears, the aqueous phase is separated from the oil and thereby the reaction products of the reagent with non-hydratable phosphatides are removed, and then the residual amount of the reagent is removed; Utilized oil is distilled to neutralize to remove free fatty acids.

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Example 1. 500 g of hydrated sunflower oil with a phosphatide content of 0.15% is treated with a 40% solution of unified sodium phosphate in an amount of 0.15% by weight of the oil (in terms of salt content). The oil is mixed with the reagent for 30 minutes, after which the mixture is treated at 65 ° C with 25 g of dilution containing 1.5% sodium salts of fatty acids and 1.0% NaCl. After 3 min of stirring, the mixture is allowed to stand until almost completely disappears the intermediate emulsion layer. Settling time 45 min. After settling, the aqueous phase is separated from the oil. The batch weight of the resulting oil is 498 (99.6% yield), and the content of phosphatides in it is 0.02%. The resulting oil is then subjected to distillation neutralization to remove free fatty acids. ;

Example 2. Hydrated soybean 1 1 with phosphatido content

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five

441702

0.28% is treated with a 45% solution in an amount of 0.20% by weight, (calculated on the salt content). The reagent oil is stirred for 30 minutes, after which the mixture is treated at 25 g with a solution containing 2% sodium oleate and 1% sodium chloride. After 3 minutes of stirring, the mixture is allowed to stand until the intermediate emulsion layer is almost completely gone. Settling time 60 min. After separation of the aqueous layer, the oil yield was determined. It is 99.3% (prototype 98.8%), the residual phosphatid content in oils after treatment is 0.010%.

Example 3. Deflated sunflower oil with a phosphatide content of 0.32%, 500 g of oil is treated

15

20 30% solution-NaH PO in amount

After 0.25% of the oil (based on the salt content), the oil is mixed with sodium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 30 minutes, after which the mixture is treated at 65 ° C with 25 g of a solution containing 2% sodium linoleate and 0.5% sodium chloride. After 3 minutes of stirring, the mixture is allowed to stand until the emulsion layer is almost completely gone. The time of settling 40 minutes (prototype 60 minutes). After settling, the aqueous phase is separated; the yield of oil after treatment is 99.2% (according to the prototype, 98.6%). The residual content of phosphatides in the oil is 0.015%, the prototype is 0.017%.

Example 4. Hydrated soybean oil with a phosphatide content of 0.37%. Oil is treated with 40%.

NaHjPO solution (0.20% by weight

oils in terms of NaH PO). The products of the interaction of the reagent and non-hydrated phosphatides are removed by liquid-liquid extraction.

2% solution of a mixture of sodium salts of fatty acids of the series C, g, containing 0., 7% NaCE. The settling time is 60 minutes (according to the prototype, 80 minutes). The output of the oil after processing 99,0%, prototype 98,2%. The residual content of phosphatides in both cases x 0,008%.

The object of the invention may be any hydrated, oleaginous or fats containing a small amount of phosphatides, and water hydration of which is impractical.

 When the concentration of solutions of single-substituted phosphate salts of metals of group 1 is less than 20% and their amount is less than 0.05%, the degree of excretion of phosphatides from the oil decreases. When applying solutions of phosphate salts with a concentration above 50%, it is non-technological because of the difficulties encountered in the preparation and the possibility of their crystallization from solutions when it is used.

 The use of single-stage phosphate salts of metals of group 1 in an amount of more than 0.25% is irrational, since a sufficiently complete elimination of phosphatides is achieved already with the use of smaller quantities. In addition, an excess of monosubstituted alkali metal phosphate salts, the transition during the liquid-liquid separation in the aqueous phase, can interact with salts of monobasic carboxylic acids to form is combined. TYPE sour soap with the general formula UNSA-PRSOOMe. 25 Acid soaps — concentrating at the interface and partially dissolving in oil, impede the process of liquid-liquid extraction, 30

When the content of sodium chloride in a solution of metal salts. 1 group and monobasic carboxylic acids less than 0.2% does not occur the required intensification of liquid-liquid extraction, and to achieve a sufficiently complete separation of the phases, it is necessary to increase the duration of the settling process. When the sodium chloride content in the solution is greater than 2.0%, air -) Q can be salting out salts of monobasic carboxylic acids from solution.

 Nondegradable phosphatides are present in the oil in the form of associates, co45

STANDING, as a rule, of several molecules that are complexly combined with trace amounts of metals (Ca, Mg, etc.). The said associates are combined into compact micelles by orienting the polar groups of phosphatides in the inner core of the micelles, including one or more metal atoms - the com- former of the complex. Hydrocarbon (non-polar) radical phos-. Fatides form the outer shell,

well solvable by glycerides.

The stability of non-hydratable phosphatid micelles to the action of water

1244170 - 4

that they are practically

monophilic formations and do not show affinity for water. To remove non-hydratable phosphatides, the oil is subjected to such effects, which would lead to a disturbance in the stability of the associations of non-hydratable phosphatides, polarity reversal and the destruction of complex complexes, forming. mym them. One of the most effective effects on the association of hydratable phosphatides is the preparation of oil acidic reagent w. FiapymeHHe of the aggregative stability of these associates occurs due to the destruction of calcium and magnesium derivatives of non-hydrate (pyetvH) X phosphatides under the action of the reagent.

CHj -COOR, CH - COOR CH-ORO,

CH-COOR,

H CH-COOR Ca, CH-ORO (OH)

where X is the residue of the acid reagent

As a result of the reaction, there is a weakening inside the micellar bonds, and it becomes less compact. In this case, it is possible to partially penetrate into the micelles molecules of the hydrating agent, in particular, water. The chemical process of the action of phosphatide micelles is accompanied by colloidal - loss of aggregative stability, and transition to the aqueous phase.

However, liquid-liquid extraction with water is not sufficiently effective, since the products of the interaction of an acidic reagent with non-reducible phosphatides are not completely removed. The conducted studies show the presence of salts of Group 1 metals and monobasic carboxylic acids (with the general formula RCOOMe) in the aqueous phase in liquid-liquid extraction, which contributes to the complete elimination of non-hydratable phosphatides. In this case, the carboxylic acid salt, which is a surfactant, is wedged into the phosphatide micelles and promotes water penetration into the M.KI cella.

At the same time, liquid-liquid extraction with solutions of carboxylic acid salts is accompanied by a side process — partial enulgation of vanilla {oils in the aqueous phase, mainly in the intermediate layer, bordering the oil phase. Emulsification is due to the surface-active properties of salts of carbonous acids and their ability to associate in the Aqueous phase with the formation of spherical and lamellar j micelles that well solubilize glycerides. This is manifested in the formation of the separation of the aqueous phase of the inter-weft emulsion layer containing oil. The insufficient intensity of the process of liquid-liquid extraction with aqueous solutions of salts of metals of the 1st group and monobasic: carboxylic acids is expressed in the need for prolonged settling (1 hour more) for satisfactory separation of the phases,

In the invention, the intensification of the liquid-liquid extraction process and the increase in the yield are achieved by adding to the paci the salts of metals of Group I and Rdno5 of basic carboxylic acids of sodium chloride and the presence in the aqueous phase of an alkali metal phosphoric acid salt that did not react with nonhydrating. phosphatides. Their

10, the cumulative effect is expressed in weakening the 3NrynbrHpyro4ero effect of carboxylic acid salts and reducing the effect of solubilizing the oil by the micelles of these vesicles; Single-bonded phosphorus 5 alkali metal salts of alkali metals adsorbing at the interface and partially destroying the boundary one. a layer of micellar structures formed by carboxylic acid salts,

 snukagot their strength and contribute to the release of the co-mobilized and mechanically entrained fat from the water phase;:.

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NaHj, RO

0,15 КН, Р0 „

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NaHj PO, 0.25

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NaH ,, RO

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0.17 .KHjPO 60. 0.5

Aqueous solution of sodium salts of fatty acids concentration

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Salt-water 40 solution of sodium salts of fat- 50 nah: x acids, concentration of 2.0%

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Proposed

3.6 0.01 99.7 3.6 0.02 99.5

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Compiled by E.Budantsev-, Editor N.Gorvat Tehred L.Oleinik Proofreader I.Erdeyi

Order 3773/27 Circulation 391 Subscription

VNIIPI USSR State Committee

for inventions and discoveries 113035, Moscow, Zh-35, Raushsk nab., 4/5

Production and printing company,. Uzhgorod, st. Project, 4

Table length

99.0

1.0 0.2

99.8

2.0

9.0

0.05 Satisfactory 3, 0 amorous was not received

removal of phosphatides The process of liquid-liquid extraction is not feasible, i.e. It was observed salting-. niya

Claims (1)

METHOD OF REFINING OILS AND FATS, including treatment with an acidic reagent, removal of the products of the interaction of the reagent with non-hydratable phosphatides, as well as the residual amount of the reagent by liquid-liquid extraction with aqueous solutions of sodium, potassium, lithium and monobasic carboxylic acids as an extractant, and subsequent distillation removal free fatty acids, characterized in that in order to increase the yield and intensify the process, a 20-50% aqueous solution of odnozame is used as an acidic reagent saturated sodium and potassium phosphate salts with a concentration of 20.0-50.0% in an amount of 0.05-0.25% (in terms of _Q phosphate salt), and 0.2-2.0% sodium chloride is additionally added to extractant & from its mass. SU „, 1244170