RU2303050C1 - Gas generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat and power industry; other industries; production of the gas generators.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the heat and power equipment and may be used for production of the energy carriers with the help of the combustible power gas produced from the bituminous (tarry) combustibles, the wood chocks, the peat, the various brands of the coal, the pyroshales, the organic waste materials of the different productions including the cattle-breeding complexes, the briquette sediments of the sewage disposal plants, the solid household wastes, the hospital wastes and others. The gas generator contains the burning chamber with the area of drying and the pyrogenic decomposition, with the areas of the tars combustion, regeneration and purification of the power gas, the gas flues of the water boiler, the chamber of the steam generation, the chamber of the air heating and feeding. At that the gas generator is additionally supplied with the separator- smoke sucker, the gas cooler-stabilizer and the chamber of heating of the power gas, which are connected sequentially between the area of the power gas withdrawal and the burning combustion chamber. The stem generation chamber is connected with the outlet of the area of purification of the power gas, with an inlet of the regeneration area and through the atmospheric air heating chamber with the burning chamber. The invention allows to develop the gas generator for production of the energy carriers in the form of the power gas for operation of the electricity generating plant, the liquid fuel and the hot water due to conservation of the heat produced at the combustion of this fuel with the efficiency of no less than 87 %.

EFFECT: the invention ensures development of the gas generator for production of the energy carriers in the form of the power gas for operation of the electricity generating plant, the liquid fuel and the hot water, conservation of the heat produced at the combustion of this fuel with the high efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The gas generator refers to energy-technological equipment and can be used to obtain energy using combustible generator gas from tar (tar) fuels, wood chocks, peat, various grades of coal, oil shale, organic waste of various industries, including livestock complexes, briquetted sewage sludge facilities, municipal solid waste, medical waste and others.

The invention is known as "Gas generator" according to patent RU 2263249, dated 24.12.2003, publication date 10.27.2005, IPC 7 F23B 1/14.

The invention relates to energy and, in particular, to gas generating units. The gas generator installation comprises a gas furnace, connected by a gas duct to a heat exchanger. The furnace is formed by a vertical shaft-type housing having a lower section restricting the combustion and gasification zone, a middle section restricting the pyrolysis zone, and an upper section restricting the fuel drying zone and having a fuel loading hopper.

The gas generator set includes a filter for separating mud particles from the generator gas, a device for supplying secondary air for burning the generator gas in front of the heat exchanger, while the intermediate section of the gas duct is made with a water jacket connected by a supply line to the cavity of the water jacket of the upper section, which provides an increase gas generator cleaning efficiency.

During combustion in plants of this type, as a rule, an indestructible dome is formed from unburned fuel, which interrupts the gasification process and does not allow the cycle to end.

The proposed design of the gas generator allows you to well heat the atmospheric air supplied to the combustion zone with deceleration due to heat extraction in the combustion zone and the regeneration zone, thereby lowering the temperature in these zones and, as a result, reducing the efficiency or gasification coefficient.

The well-known "Installation for producing generator gas from recycled wood or plant materials" according to patent RU 2081894, C10J 3/20, from 05.26.1993, publ. 06/20/1997, designed to produce generator gas by gasification of secondary wood or plant materials.

To achieve the technical result, an apparatus for producing generator gas from recycled wood or plant materials, containing a gas generator, including a gasification chamber made of refractory bricks, a metal hopper extending from it with a hatch for loading raw materials, a hatch for igniting raw materials, separated from the gasification chamber by a grate ash pan with a hatch for removing slag and thermal insulation around the gasification chamber and the bunker made of refractory bricks with gas ducts, a centrifugal fan for supplying at spherical air, air supply and gas exhaust pipes connected to the latter by an air heat exchanger and a cyclone, equipped with vertical pipes located in the hopper and fixed lower ends in the wall of the gasification chamber for discharging water vapor from the hopper into the gasification chamber and for supplying water to remove slag from them, located between a heat exchanger and a cyclone, a water cooler and a tar collector and a water pipe located above the hopper, having water outlets and vertical pipes and connected to bashkoj water cooler, a heat insulation around the gasification chamber and the hopper is provided with double metal walls and additional gas ducts between them for the passage of air from the air heat exchanger jacket in the gasification chamber.

This unit operates in periodic mode according to the cycle "loading a portion of fuel - processing - receiving a portion of generator gas - unloading ash residue". The frequency of operation of the installation and its performance depends on the cross-sectional area in the combustion zone and the volume of the fuel chamber.

In this installation, air is forcedly forced by a fan, which leads to an expansion of the combustion zone and an increase in the volume of generation of generator gas, which leads to an increase in pressure in the gas generator and explosive and fire hazard, and the release of generator gas into the atmosphere, which worsens sanitary and environmental standards.

Gas purification with water and solid filter elements increases gas-dynamic losses, this prevents the output of all generated generator gas, reduces the installation productivity, increases the explosion and fire hazard of the installation and prevents the use of produced gas even in gas burners due to insufficient purification of solid and resinous substances.

It is known that the maximum gasification coefficient is obtained at a temperature in the regeneration zone of 1100 ° C. With decreasing temperatures in these zones, the gasification coefficient becomes minimal.

The plates located in the air cooling jacket slow down the flow of air and in their arrangement cause the air to swirl. In this case, large gas-dynamic losses occur and the calculated amount of air required for the combustion process decreases, which leads to incomplete gasification of the fuel and a large amount of unburnt fuel, also reducing the efficiency of the installation.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is the invention "Energy-technology installation with a gas generator and a gas generator for gasification of organo-waste" according to patent RU 2123635, from 08.05.1997, publ. 12.20.1998, IPC 6 F22B 33/18, C10J 3/86, containing a gas generator, a boiler with a combustion chamber, a generator gas supply pipe from the gas generator to the burner of the boiler combustion chamber, air ducts for supplying air to the gasification chamber and to the combustion chamber, a water supply pipeline steam to the gas generator. The generator gas supply pipe is equipped with a shut-off valve and is connected to the water supply pipe by an additional pipe. The gas generator comprises a sealed housing, a pipe for exhausting the generator gas, a fuel loading unit. The loading unit includes a receiving hopper and a screw feed feeder with a drive.

The invention is intended for the gasification of agricultural waste with subsequent combustion of the resulting generator gas in boiler plants. The device allows more efficient use of the process of thermal processing of plant biomass into gaseous fuel and ensures reliable operation of the gas generator as part of an energy technology installation.

This technical solution involves the production of gaseous fuel with its subsequent combustion in the furnaces of boiler rooms. The efficiency of such installations does not exceed 35%.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is the creation of a continuous gas generator that generates, in addition to generator gas for operation of the power plant, liquid fuel as well as hot water with an efficiency of at least 87%.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the gas generator contains a combustion chamber with a drying and pyrogenetic decomposition zone, with resin combustion zones, regeneration and purification of the generator gas, water boiler ducts, a steam generation chamber, a heating and air supply chamber, while the gas generator is additionally equipped with a separator - a smoke exhauster, a gas cooler-stabilizer and a generator gas heating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the combustion chamber; the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the purification zone of the generator gas, to the inlet of the regeneration zone and through the chamber for heating atmospheric air with the combustion chamber.

The connection of the steam generation chamber with the outlet of the generator gas purification zone, with the inlet of the regeneration zone, with the heating and air supply chamber and through the heating chamber of atmospheric air with the combustion chamber allows the atmospheric air to be heated by utilizing the physical heat of the generator gas to be supplied to the combustion zone and create steam for supply to the regeneration zone, which increases the efficiency of the gas generator.

Placing directly below the water boiler an additional purification zone of the generator gas allows the gas coming from the regeneration zone to be cleaned before the gas boiler enters the ducts, which extends the overhaul period of the boiler.

The connection of the water boiler and the additional purification zone of the generator gas by supplying cold water, mainly condensate, in the form of distilled water to the boiler allows, on the one hand, to cool the generator gas to the required temperature before being fed to the smoke separator for further purification from tar on the other hand, heat water to 90 ° C, which enters the consumer.

Placing resins in the zone of combustion of the resin in front of the regeneration zone allows creating the optimal speed and temperature conditions for the highest combustion of resins in this zone and provides the main cleaning of the generator gas from resins before feeding it into the regeneration zone, where the gas enters with a minimum residual resin content.

This saves the water boiler from tarring pipes and allows to increase the overhaul period during operation.

The supply of the generator gas back to the combustion zone to maintain the combustion temperature in automatic mode and its heating in the generator gas heating chamber makes it possible to maintain the optimum temperature in the combustion zone and allows the generator gas to be obtained uniform in chemical composition with a maximum gasification coefficient, i.e. get maximum gasification efficiency up to 87%.

Providing the gas generator with an additional smoke separator, which is connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the stabilizer-cooler, allows you to create a traction that provides vacuum in the chambers and zones located in the gas generator in series, suction of atmospheric air into the combustion zone, pulling inert gases through the regeneration layer, providing gas regeneration, as well as gas extraction after cleaning in the cleaning and cooling chamber in a water boiler.

In addition to creating traction in the entire gas generator system, the smoke exhauster separates the selected generator gas from the rest of the resins in the form of liquid fuel and creates compression for supplying to and through the stabilizer-cooler to the consumer.

The presence of a stabilizer-cooler in the circuit allows cooling the gas with the deposition of water condensate, which is used as a cooler, both in the stabilizer-cooler and in the boiler to the temperature necessary for supplying the consumer.

The supply of condensate in the form of chilled distilled water to the gas boiler’s water boiler allows you to use an external source of cold water only when the complex is put into operation, and then work in a closed cycle, while for the pipes of the boiler and the whole complex it is not necessary to use emollients, which also leads to increase in the overhaul period.

The gas generator has an automated loading device, which allows the gas generator to operate continuously.

Thanks to equipping the gas generator with an additional smoke exhaust separator and the discharge it creates in the gas generator and the intake of atmospheric air into the combustion zone, the design provides explosion and fire safety during operation.

The location of the water boiler between the additional generator gas purification zone and the generator gas extraction zone and the supply of cold water to the annulus allows, on the one hand, to cool the generator gas to the required temperature before being supplied to the consumer, and on the other hand, to heat the water to 90 ° C due to heat recovery of the cooled generator gas, and to the consumer, which significantly increases the efficiency of the installation.

The presence of a steam generation chamber connected to the regeneration zone makes it possible to obtain the most high-calorie water gas in this zone, which increases the calorific value of the generator gas.

The presence of a chamber for heating atmospheric air makes it possible to supply heated air to the combustion chamber by utilizing physical heat, which makes it possible not to waste thermal energy of the combustion chamber.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a gas generator, where zone 1 of drying and pyrogenetic decomposition, combustion chamber 2, resin combustion zone 3, regeneration zone 4, generator gas purification zone 5, water boiler 6, hot water consumer 7, generator gas extraction zone 8, smoke separator 9, gas cooler-stabilizer 10, generator gas heating chamber 11, atmospheric air heating chamber 12, atmospheric air 13, steam generation chamber 14, cold water 15, gas consumer 16, distilled water collector 17, distilled water consumer 18, vtomaticheskoe charging device 19, the liquid fuel receptacle 20, the user of the liquid fuel 21.

The gas generator is made as follows.

The generator contains in series a drying and pyrogenetic decomposition zone 1 with an automatic loading device 19, a combustion chamber 2, a resin combustion zone 3, a regeneration zone 4, a generator gas purification zone 5, a water boiler 6, with a hot water consumer 7, a generator gas extraction zone 8 with a liquid fuel collector 20, a smoke separator 9, a gas cooler-stabilizer 10, and a generator gas heating chamber 11 connected to the combustion chamber 2.

Atmospheric air 13 through the chamber 12 for heating atmospheric air is connected to the combustion chamber 2.

The steam generation chamber 14 is connected to the output of the generator gas purification zone 5 and to the input of the regeneration zone 4 and through the input of the chamber 12 for heating atmospheric air with the combustion chamber 2.

Cold water 15 is connected to the inlet of the gas cooler 10, with the outlet of the distilled water collector 17 connected to the consumer 18, to the steam generation chamber 14 and to the water boiler 6. The output of the gas stabilizer-cooler 10 is connected to the gas consumer 16 and through the generator gas heating chamber 11 with a combustion chamber 2.

The gas generator operates as follows.

Fuel through the automatic loading device 19 enters the zone 1 of drying and pyrogenetic decomposition, gradually moving into the combustion chamber 2, where the chemical-thermal decomposition of the fuel into gas components occurs with insufficient oxygenation of atmospheric air 13, which is metered through the air heating chamber 12 to combustion chamber 2.

Moreover, in the steam generation chamber 14 connected to the output of the gas purification zone 5 of the generating gas, steam is generated from the water coming from the collector 17 of distilled water, which is fed to the inlet of the regeneration zone 4 and then through the chamber 12 for heating the atmospheric air into the combustion chamber 2, which allows heating by utilizing the physical heat of the generator gas, atmospheric air 13 for supply to the combustion zone and create steam for supply to the regeneration zone 4, which increases the efficiency of the gas generator.

The fuel 19, which did not react in the combustion chamber 2 with atmospheric oxygen 13, and the fuel, which converted to a gas inert component, pass through the combustion zone 3 of the resins with a given ratio of the narrowing area to the area of the combustion chamber, which allows creating the optimal speed and temperature conditions for the largest combustion of resins in this zone, and fall into zone 4 of regeneration, where unburned fuel acts as a reagent, which enters into a chemical reaction with an inert gas and turns into a combustible gas component. At the same time, 2-6% of non-combustible waste remains unlike analogues, where this residue is up to 60%.

Next, the combustible gas enters the generator gas purification zone 5, where it is cleaned of mechanical impurities by heating the water coming from the distilled water collector 17 in the steam generation chamber 14 to form steam, which is supplied to the regeneration zone 4 for the reaction of water vapor.

The purified generator gas by the smoke exhaust separator 9 through the zone 8 of the generator gas extraction is drawn through a water boiler 6, where, giving up its physical heat, it heats cold water to 90 ° C. The gas entering the smoke exhaust separator 9 is cleaned of residual resinous substances that enter the liquid fuel collector 20, enters the cooler-stabilizer 10, where it is stabilized by its gas-dynamic parameters, it is cooled with condensate that is discharged into the distilled water collector 17, from where water is supplied to the steam generation chamber 14, to the water boiler 6 and to the consumer 18. Next, the generator gas is supplied to the consumer 16 and to the generator gas heating chamber 11, from where it enters the combustion chamber 2.

The technical result of the proposed solution is the creation of a gas generator that creates energy in the form of generator gas for operation of a power plant, liquid fuel and hot water, due to the rational use of heat generated during fuel combustion, with an efficiency of at least 87%.

Claims (1)

The gas generator comprises a combustion chamber with a drying and pyrogenetic decomposition zone, with resin combustion zones, regeneration and purification of the generator gas, water boiler ducts, a steam generation chamber, a heating and air supply chamber, characterized in that the gas generator is additionally equipped with a smoke exhauster, gas cooler-stabilizer and a generator gas heating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the combustion chamber, the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the gene purification zone -valued gas from entering the regeneration zone and through the air heating chamber - with a combustion chamber.