RU2531812C1 - Method to gasify solid fuel and device for its realisation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power engineering, metallurgy and chemical industry, and may be used to produce coke and generator gas. The method to gasify solid fuel includes charging of the fuel into a reactor, gasification of the fuel and removal of gasification products. Besides, the fuel gasification is carried out in the mode of a rarefied gas medium by the reduction of pressure relative to the atmospheric one due to pumping of generator gas at the outlet of the reactor, and a composition of the gas medium is formed at the inlet of the reactor at atmospheric pressure by the addition of the mixture of gases, vapours, aerosols. The device for the realisation of the method includes a reactor, a unit of fuel charging, a unit of gasification products removal and a gas medium composer. The gas medium composer containing two different inputs for air reception at atmospheric pressure and for supply of a mixture of gases, vapours, aerosols, is connected to the input of the reactor, and in front of the reactor output there is an exhaust device and a heat exchanger to maintain the necessary temperature and pressure of generator gas.

EFFECT: gasifier has simple design and increased efficiency in operation.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy, metallurgy and the chemical industry and can be used to produce coke and generator gas.

Known methods of gasification of solid fuel in the apparatus of the mine type, providing for the sequential loading of fuel, gasification of fuel, removal of gasification products. The main disadvantage of such methods is that for continuous operation, it is necessary to install at least two or more devices that operate in sequence, as at the enterprises of Norilsk Nickel OJSC, Karbonika-F CJSC and others, which complicates the technical regulation and maintenance , requires large areas, large metal consumption, complicates the automation process. Also known is a method of continuous gasification of coal using the Thermocox-KS technology used by SUEK at a boiler room in Sharypovo. This method involves the continuous gasification of coal and the continuous removal of solid gasification products (ash, coke). The disadvantage of this method is that the process takes place in an open furnace, at atmospheric pressure, and the generator gas burns directly above the surface of the gasified fuel and cannot be separated, transported and used for further processing.

Known gasifier solid fuel, made in the form of a reactor, which is a body of revolution with a vertical axis, containing devices for loading solid fuel and unloading gas and slag from it (patent RU 2315083, CL C10J 3/20 from 01/30/2006). This gasifier is multi-stage, each stage is equipped with a device for removing steam, located below the device for ignition and stabilization of combustion. The device for ignition contains an annular collector connected to the burner, which is made in the form of sections connected to the burner, and the burner is made in the form of a plasma torch. The gasifier is equipped with a device for supplying an oxidizing agent to the reactor. A device for supplying steam is made in the form of a collector.

However, this known gasifier is very complex in design and ineffective for producing coke.

According to patent RU 2299901, class C10B 49/00 of July 27, 2005, a device for processing solid fuel is known, which is a layer apparatus of a shaft type made in combination from the upper, middle and lower zones. The upper zone consists of a loading hatch, a gas outlet pipe, a water seal and an electrothermal device. The middle belt consists of a cylindrical body and a water jacket. The lower belt is made in the form of a truncated cone and consists of a discharge device, a grate, a device for supplying air and / or cooling gas and thermoelectric sensors.

The known device is ineffective in operation.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of gasification of solid fuels, such as coal, in a continuous mode in a sealed apparatus with the possibility of separate removal of generator gas and solid gasification products.

The technical result when using the invention is to create a gasifier of a simple design with increased efficiency in operation.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of gasification of solid fuel is carried out in the mode of a discharged gas medium by lowering the pressure relative to atmospheric due to pumping of the generator gas at the outlet of the reactor. The composition of the gaseous medium is formed at the inlet of the reactor at atmospheric pressure by adding a mixture of gases, vapors, aerosols.

The device for implementing the gasification method includes a rector, a fuel loading unit, a gas medium shaper and gasification product removal units, a gas mixture shaper made of two separate inlets for receiving air at atmospheric pressure and for supplying a mixture of gases, vapors, aerosols, and connected to the inlet the reactor. Before the outlet of the reactor connected to the consumer of the generator gas, a heat exchanger is installed to maintain the required temperature and pressure of the generator gas, and an exhaust device.

The drawing schematically shows a General view of a device for a method of gasification of solid fuel.

The device consists of a rector 1, which can be installed both vertically and inclinedly, a loading unit 2, a unit for removing gasification products 3 and a gas former 4, in which there are two inlets - one for gas, vapor, aerosols 5 and an air inlet for atmospheric pressure 6. The device is equipped with an exhaust device 7, a heat exchanger 8 and a generator gas outlet 9.

The method of gasification of solid fuel is carried out and the device for this works as follows.

Through the solid fuel loading unit 2, the fuel enters the reactor 1, where the gasification process, initially initiated by ignition, takes place, which is supported by the supply of a gas medium formed in the gas medium former 4 by supplying a mixture of gases, vapors, aerosols through inlet 5 and receiving air at atmospheric pressure through input 6. In this case, the gas medium is formed both with the aim of optimizing the gasification of a specific solid fuel, for example coal, peat, sawdust, etc., and for correcting the chemical composition and generating gas at the outlet of the device.

The gasification process occurs at reduced atmospheric pressure due to the fact that instead of traditional injection devices, an exhaust device 7 is used, which makes it possible to create a reduced pressure in the gasification zone due to resistance to the flow of the gas medium in the gasification layer of solid fuel.

In order to obtain the required temperature of the generator gas, the device has a heat exchanger 8, installed in series with the exhaust device 7, which operates both in cooling mode, for example for supplying to a gas piston engine, and in the mode of heating generator gas, for example to increase the temperature of a gas burner flame, depending on the required tasks. The connection sequence of the exhaust device 7 and the heat exchanger 8 is also determined by the requirements of the consumer of the generator gas.

Thus, the claimed device allows you to organize the gasification process in a discharged gas environment, which, in turn, increases the yield of volatile substances, reduces the reaction temperature, reduces the requirements for sealing and safety of the device. Serial connection of the heat exchanger and exhaust device allows you to maintain the temperature of the generator gas in accordance with the technical specifications of the consumer. A gas shaper at the inlet of the reactor allows you to adapt the gasification process to a specific type of solid fuel and adjust the chemical composition of the generator gas also in accordance with the technical specifications of the consumer.

Claims (2)

1. The method of gasification of solid fuel, comprising loading fuel into the reactor, gasification of fuel and removal of gasification products, characterized in that the gasification of fuel in the reactor is carried out in the mode of a discharged gas medium by lowering the pressure relative to atmospheric due to pumping of the generator gas at the outlet of the reactor, and the composition a gaseous medium is formed at the inlet of the reactor at atmospheric pressure by adding a mixture of gases, vapors, aerosols. 2. The device for implementing the method according to claim 1, comprising a reactor mounted obliquely to the vertical axis, a fuel loading unit, a gasification product removal unit and a gas medium shaper, characterized in that the gas medium shaper consists of two separate inlets for receiving air at atmospheric pressure and for supplying a mixture of gases, vapors, aerosols is connected to the inlet of the reactor, and an exhaust device and a heat exchanger are installed before the outlet of the reactor connected to the generator gas consumer I have the required temperature and pressure of the generator gas.

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