RU2482164C1 - Gasification reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas industry.

SUBSTANCE: gasification reactor can be used for production of utilities in the form of hot water, steam and combustible synthesis gas for electric energy generation. The gasification reactor includes boiler 23 with cover plate 2, with two internal and external casings, which are concentrically located in each other and made in the form of annular heat exchange jackets, gas duct 35 between them, raw material paddle agitator 5, flattened cone 11, zone of primary gasification 9 and gas regeneration 10, and burner 12. In addition, the reactor is equipped with lower agitation system 13, with paddle agitator 14 located in flattened cone 11 tightly fixed in the housing, heat removal water bars 24 located in gas duct 35, methane synthesis zone 17 located at the inlet of gas duct 35. Nozzle of burner 12 is located in a tight cavity between walls of cone 11 and its housing 32. The reactor is coated on the outside with heat insulating materials 33, and inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with thermal insulating materials.

EFFECT: invention allows increasing calorific capacity of the produced synthesis gas without increasing the plant dimensions.

2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The gasification reactor relates to the field of power engineering, and in particular to methods and devices for the production of energy in the form of hot water, steam and combustible synthesis gas for electricity production.

The well-known "Gas Generator" according to patent RU No. 2303050 from 06/29/2006, publ. 07/20/2007, IPC C10J 3/20, F23B 99/00, which contains a combustion chamber with a drying and pyrogenetic decomposition zone, with resin combustion zones, regeneration and purification of the generator gas, water boiler ducts, a steam generation chamber, a heating and air supply chamber, the gas generator is additionally equipped with a smoke separator, gas cooler-stabilizer and a generator gas heating chamber, which are connected in series between the generator gas extraction zone and the combustion chamber, the steam generation chamber is connected to the outlet of the cleaning zone eneratornogo gas from entering the regeneration zone and through the air heating chamber with a combustion chamber.

But this device does not provide gas with a calorific value above 1560 kcal.

The closest technical solution is the gasification reactor according to patent RU No. 2360949 "Method for producing synthesis gas and gasification reactor for its implementation" from 08/04/2008, publ. 07/10/2009, IPC C10J 3/32, C10J 3/40, C10J 3/68.

A gasification reactor containing a boiler with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct between them, with a paddle agitator of raw materials and a truncated cone, zones of primary gasification and gas regeneration, a burner, grate grate for steam supply to the regeneration zone, with a cover and a reversible drive mounted on it and a suction pipe connected to it with a pipe equalizer, with a paddle agitator mounted under it and with tuyeres installed at the free end of the pipe to supply water vapor from the zone of accumulation of steam into the zone of primary gasification of raw materials.

But this device provides a two-stage gas production with a calorific value of no higher than 1560 kcal, since the burning of excessively produced synthesis gas in the primary gasification combustion zone also contributes to a decrease in the calorific value of the gas, since a large amount of nitrogen is already present in the synthesis gas, and its combustion in this zone causes an increase in the amount of nitrogen, first in the primary gasification zone, and then in the resulting synthesis gas. In addition, the combustion of synthesis gas in the primary zone maintains a combustion temperature of 1500 ° C in order to raise the synthesis temperature to the maximum possible temperature in the regeneration zone, at the same time, this temperature contributes to the onset of NOx formation in the synthesis gas, and when using the obtained gas in gas piston power plants or in burners of heating systems, where the combustion temperature exceeds 1500 ° C, additional NOx is produced, which leads to environmental pollution.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to increase the calorific value of the generated synthesis gas, without increasing the dimensions of the installation.

The problem is solved by a gasification reactor containing a boiler with a lid, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct between them, with a paddle agitator of raw materials and a truncated cone, zones of primary gasification and gas recovery , a burner, while the reactor is additionally equipped with a bottom tedding system, with a paddle tedder located in a truncated cone, sealed in the housing hermetically; heat-removing water rods located in the flue; a methane synthesis zone located at the entrance to the gas duct; the burner nozzle is located in a sealed cavity between the walls of the cone and its body; the reactor is covered with heat-insulating materials from the outside, and the inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with heat-insulating materials; The reactor is additionally equipped with an air intake pipe with a gas meter and an electrically operated valve.

Providing the reactor with an additional bottom tedding system, with a paddle agitator located in a truncated cone fixed in the casing, the location of the burner nozzle in the cavity between the walls of the cone and its casing contributes to an additional uniform heating of the reagent in the cone, which increases the chemical coefficient of output of combustible gases without increasing dimensions of the gasification reactor itself.

The location in the flue of heat-removing water rods makes it possible to rationally use the space of the water boiler and increase the area of heat removal without increasing the dimensions of the gasification reactor itself.

Providing the reactor with an additional methane synthesis zone located at the inlet to the gas boiler’s water boiler allows one to increase the calorific value of the synthesis gas by 1.5–2.5 times, without increasing the dimensions of the gasification reactor itself.

The gasification reactor is shown in the drawing, where the fuel supply shutter 1, reactor cover 2, upper level sensors 3, lower level sensors 4, top tedding system 5, gear motor 6, tuyeres 7, fuel chamber 8, primary gasification zone 9, zone 10 regeneration, heated cone 11, burner 12 with nozzle, bottom tedding system 13, paddle agitator 14, grate 15, methane synthesis zone 16, methane synthesis zone 17, ash residue blades 18, gear motor 19, ash collector 20, ash collecting device 21 , steam boiler 22, dropsy 1st boiler 23, water rods 24 heat-removing, chamber 25 for supplying steam, chamber 26 for heating the air and mixing it with steam, tuyeres 27 for supplying steam, intake pipe 28, gas meter 29, valve 30 with electric actuator, sensors 31 for hot water level, housing 32 cone, insulation material 33 “Corundum”, synthesis gas 34 to the consumer, gas duct 35, hot water 36 to the consumer, hollow tube 37 of the top tedding system.

The gasification reactor is as follows.

The reactor contains a boiler 23 with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct 35 between them, with a paddle agitator of raw materials 5 and a truncated cone 11, a primary gasification zone 9 and a gas regeneration zone 10, a burner 12.

The gasification reactor is equipped with a top cover 2, with a fuel supply shutter 1 located on it, and a gear motor 6, a top tedding system 5, located under the cover 2 in the fuel chamber 8.

Two duplicate sensors 3 of the upper fuel level of different lengths are attached to the lid, two duplicate sensors 4 of the lower fuel level, also of different lengths.

In the gasification reactor under the fuel chamber 8 there are combustion zones, primary gasification 9, and regeneration zone 10 located in the cone 11, heated by flue gases from the nozzle of the burner 12.

The lances 7 are located around the perimeter of the zone 9 of the primary gasification and on the hollow pipe 37 of the top tedding system 5.

The reactor is equipped with a lower agitating system 13, containing a blade agitator 14, located in a truncated cone 11, which is sealed in its housing 32, under the cone there are a grate 15 with a gear motor 19 and ash residue blades 18, an ash collector 20, an ash removal device 21.

The methane synthesis zone 16 passes at the beginning of the gas duct 35 into the additional methane synthesis zone 17 and then to the consumer in the form of synthesis gas 34.

In the sealed cavity formed between the walls of the cone 11 and its housing 32, the nozzle of the burner 12 is supplied for heating the cone 11 with a combustible gas-air mixture.

The water boiler 23 with two inner and outer casings concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct 35 between them, is equipped with: an air intake pipe 28 with a gas meter 29 located on it and an automatically controlled valve 30 with an electric actuator; a chamber 25 for supplying steam, a chamber 26 for heating the air and mixing it with steam, for effecting steam-air blasting through lances 7 to the primary gasification zone 9; tuyeres 27 steam supply to zone 16 of methane synthesis.

The water boiler 23 is equipped with additional heat-removing water rods 24 located in the duct 35, and hot water level sensors 31.

To insulate the external surfaces, the gasification reactor is coated with the Corund 33 thermal insulation material with one anti-corrosion thermal insulation layer, the second classic thermal insulation layer, where each 1 mm layer replaces 50 mm of the traditional thermal insulation material. The inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with heat-insulating materials providing heat resistance up to 1800 ° C.

The gasification reactor operates as follows.

Fuel for gasification is supplied through the shutter 1 to the fuel chamber and fills the fuel chamber until the upper fuel level sensor 3 triggers.

The motor reducer 6, rotating according to a predetermined algorithm, drives the top tedding system 5, which with its blades, from the shutter 1 of the cover 2, propels the fuel through the fuel combustion chamber 8, with the fuel burning speed.

When the fuel drops to the lower fuel level sensor 4, the sensor is triggered and fuel is added to the fuel chamber until the upper fuel level sensor 3 is activated. The fuel passes through the drying, preheating zone to the primary gasification zone 9, where tuyeres 7 supply a steam-air mixture.

In turn, the atmospheric air necessary for carrying out the gasification process is supplied through an intake pipe 28. The amount of air is regulated by a gas meter 29, which automatically controls the valve 30 with an electric actuator.

Through the intake pipe 28, air enters the air heating chamber 26 and is mixed with steam coming from the steam supply chamber 25. In turn, the steam generated in the steam boiler 22 through the tuyeres of steam supply 27, is fed into the chamber 25 of the steam supply. Steam in the steam boiler 22 is generated when hot water is generated therein, generated in the water boiler 23 and regulated by the hot water level sensor 31.

Fuel, falling into the primary gasification zone 9, or otherwise the primary combustion zone, where the vapor-air mixture coming from the tuyeres 7 acts as an oxidizing agent, and where, under conditions of lack of oxygen, i.e., not complete oxidation of carbon, an autothermal oxidation reaction of hydrogen, sulfur and carbon proceeds, temperature not exceeding 1450 ° C, which allows to reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides.

The regeneration zone 10, located inside the cone 11, is heated by the flue gases generated by the combustion of the gas-air mixture obtained from the excess produced syngas and burned in the burner 12 located in the cavity located between the wall of the housing 32 and the wall of the cone 11.

The lower agitating system 13, with a gear motor 19 and a rotary agitator 14, mixes the gas with ash located in the cone 11 in the regeneration zone 10, folding them to the heated walls of the cone 11, which contributes to the resulting ash through the grate 15 to fall on the bottom of the steam boiler 22 where the blades 18, it is discharged into the ash pan 20 and is removed by the ash removal device 21.

In the regeneration zone 10, the reaction proceeds with the absorption of heat, as a result of which the gas is rapidly cooled to a temperature of 350-500 ° C, instantly skipping the temperature of reduction of toxins.

Further, the gas, leaving the regeneration zone 10, enters zone 16, due to the technological parameters, the temperature of the gas in this section, the gas velocity, additional steam blasting, where the gas loses its speed dramatically, to the speed of particles soaring less than 50 microns, since into the expansion zone. With a loss of speed, the gas temperature also drops. The hydrogen deficiency necessary for synthesis is supplied through the steam lances 27 from the steam boiler 22, in the form of steam.

Further, the gas passing through zone 17, where its temperature reaches the methane synthesis temperature, and water vapor formed in zone 16, in turn, contribute to the supply of hydrogen for the reaction, is simultaneously cleaned of mechanical impurities.

The heat released in the methane production reaction is taken away by a steam boiler 22, into which a part is heated to 90 ° C in a water boiler 23, water.

The resulting synthesis gas 34 is pulled out through the gas duct 35, transferring heat to the annular heat-exchange shirts of the water boiler 23 and heat-removing water rods 24, which can significantly increase the heat exchange area and, due to the placement in the gas duct 35, reduce the size of the gasification reactor. In the duct 35, the gas is cooled to the temperature of the onset of condensation of the resins and then fed to the purification from tar water condensate.

The hot water obtained from the annular heat-exchange shirts of the water boiler 23 and heat-removing water rods 24 is distributed as follows, part is supplied to the steam boiler, where it is heated to 114.7 ° C, and the main part is used for consumer needs.

The technical effect is to increase the calorific value of the generated synthesis gas, without increasing the dimensions of the installation, by supplying the reactor with an additional bottom tedding system, with a paddle tedder located in a truncated cone, mounted tightly in the housing; heat-removing water rods located in the flue; the zone of methane synthesis located at the entrance to the gas duct, the location of the burner nozzle in the sealed cavity between the walls of the cone and its body, as well as the outer coating of the reactor with heat-insulating materials, and the lining of the inner surface of the primary gasification zone with heat-insulating materials.

Claims (2)

1. Gasification reactor, comprising a boiler with a lid, with two inner and outer shells concentrically arranged in one another, made in the form of ring heat-exchange jackets, with a gas duct between them, with a paddle agitator of the raw materials and a truncated cone, zones of primary gasification and gas regeneration, a burner characterized in that the reactor is additionally equipped with a bottom tedding system with a blade tedder located in a truncated cone, sealed in a housing hermetically, by heat-removing water rods located flue methane synthesis zone located at the entrance to the flue, the burner nozzle is located in the sealed cavity between the walls of the cone and the housing, outside the reactor is coated with insulating materials, and the inner surface of the primary gasification zone is lined with thermal insulating material. 2. The gasification reactor according to claim 1, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an air intake pipe with a gas meter and a controlled valve with an electric actuator.