RU2301787C1 - Method and the device for manufacture of the charges of the explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical industry; methods and the devices for treatment of the explosives.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the methods and the devices for treatment of the explosives and may be used at manufacture of the explosives. The billet of the charge of the explosive is molded by application of the axial efforts, at that the density of the press-fitting of the charge compounds 60-90 % from the theoretically maximum accessible value, and then repress it by means of the effort application on the whole lateral surface of the billet through the resilient shell by creation of the pressure with the help of the liquid or the gas, preliminary having placed the billet with the pan in the resilient shell having rigidly fixed it on the butt surfaces by means of the cylinder and the cover and having removed the air from the mold cavity of the mold. The technical result of the invention is extension of the functional and technological capabilities of the method and the device, the increased safety of the manufacture process.

EFFECT: the invention ensures extension of the functional and technological capabilities of the method and the device, the increased safety of the manufacture process.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for processing explosives (BB) and can be used in the manufacture of explosive devices, for example cumulative charges.

A known method and device for the manufacture of explosive charges (RF patent "Method of assembly of a cumulative charge and a press tool for its implementation" RU No. 2237850, IPC ⁷ : F42B 1/036, published 10.10.2004), according to which the method of manufacturing a cumulative charge includes forming a blank from explosives by filling it into the mold, then the pressing force is transferred to the pallet and the pallet is moved towards the punch, thus, two-sided axial pressing of the explosive charge is carried out.

A press tool for manufacturing an explosive charge includes a die, a pallet, and a punch, between which a pressing force transmission unit is mounted on a pallet made of a composite and of at least two movable and one stationary parts.

The known method and device can produce explosive charges of complex configuration, however, they have a number of significant drawbacks.

This method allows to reduce the charge density of the explosive in height, but does not reduce the density in the cross section of the charge, which negatively affects the operation of cumulative charges, because leads to a decrease in armor penetration characteristics.

Another disadvantage is that the pallet and punch movably mate with the guide, and in the movable joints there are gaps that lead to a misalignment of the location of the cumulative recess relative to the profile of the upper end, which also leads to a decrease in the characteristic of the cumulative charges for armor penetration. In addition, with this assembly method, the charge lining experiences heavy loads and is partially deformed, which leads to the same negative consequences.

As a prototype of the claimed method and device, as the closest in solving the problem and the number of similar features, the method and device for the manufacture of explosive charges, known from the description of the copyright certificate No. 210724, IPC ⁷ : C06B 21/00, published on 03/26/1968 " A method of manufacturing explosive charges. "

A method for manufacturing explosive charges involves molding a preform from explosives by patronizing an explosive into an elastic gas-tight shell of the required diameter and length, for example, polyethylene, to form a sealed volume from an elastic shell by sealing the end of the shell and then placing the workpiece together with the shell in a high-pressure chamber for comprehensive pressure compression of a liquid or gas on its surface.

A device for the manufacture of explosive charges is a mold made in the form of an elastic shell with sealing elements of its ends, made by welding, and a sealed tubular high-pressure chamber with a high-pressure pump to pump excess pressure of a liquid or gas.

The disadvantages of this method and device for the manufacture of explosive charges is that in the initial volume of explosives is in bulk, the initial different density in this case is difficult to control, it is almost impossible to obtain an explosive charge close to a given geometric size.

In addition, in this way it is possible to produce only charges of a simple form, such as, for example, a cylinder; for the manufacture of charges of complex geometric shapes, such as cumulative charges, additional special equipment for machining is required, which reduces manufacturing safety and increases labor intensity.

The mold in this case is used only to ensure the explosive charge is equal in density, and not to give it a shape with hard-set geometric dimensions.

The challenge in this technical field is to increase the accuracy of manufacture and assembly of explosive charges of complex configuration, for example cumulative charges, while reducing the complexity of manufacturing and increasing safety.

The technical result that can be achieved by using the claimed invention is to expand the functional and technological capabilities of the method and device for manufacturing explosive charges due to the possibility of high-quality manufacturing of charges of complex configuration while ensuring minimum charge density in both height and cross sections, manufacturing and assembly accuracy charge with the cladding, reducing the magnitude of the deformation of the cladding to the value of the accuracy of its manufacture, as well as increasing the safety of the process sa manufacturing.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of manufacturing explosive charges, which includes forming a preform from explosive, enclosing it in a sealed volume formed by an elastic shell and sealing elements, followed by placement in a high-pressure chamber for compressing liquid or gas by pressure the side surface, the blank is molded by pressing to a pressing density of 60-90% of theoretically the maximum achievable, and when sealing the blank ortsy rigidly fixed, then evacuated volume is sealed.

In the explosive charge manufacturing device, including a high-pressure chamber and an elastic shell with sealing elements, into which an explosive stock is placed, this technical result is achieved due to the fact that the sealing elements of the elastic shell are made of structural material in the form of a pallet and a cover with which the shell rigidly fastened by the end surfaces, and in the pallet and lid are made annular grooves, mating with the annular protrusions made in the shell, at the shell, the pallet and the lid are fixed with a glass in which the holes for supplying liquid or gas are made, and on the end surfaces of the workpiece, rubber rings of variable cross section are fitted adjacent to one side of the workpiece and the other to the pallet or lid, and a seat is made in the pallet for installing a self-locking vacuum valve.

The molding of the workpiece by pressing to a pressing density of 60-90% of the theoretically maximum allowable allows axial forces to ensure that the workpiece is given a complex, definite shape, and if there is a lining, it is impossible to deform it, and in the future it will also be possible to evacuate the workpiece and the volume formed by the elastic shell and sealing elements without structural deformation while ensuring manufacturing safety.

Rigid fixation of the ends of the workpiece provides a part with a given geometric dimensions and alignment of the profile end surfaces, and also eliminates the deformation of the lining, which leads to an improvement in the quality of the charge produced and to increase the armor penetration characteristics.

Evacuation of the workpiece and the volume formed by the elastic shell and the sealing elements leads to the fact that when the side surface of the shell is compressed by excessive pressure of a liquid or gas, it is possible to obtain the maximum required explosive charge density while ensuring manufacturing safety, reducing the level of different density (to the sensitivity of the method for determining the density) in height and in the explosive charge section.

The manufacture of sealing elements of an elastic shell from a structural material in the form of a pallet and a cover makes it possible to rigidly fix the ends of the shell and ensure that the part is obtained with the given geometric dimensions, if it is possible to further compress the side surface of the workpiece with excessive pressure to obtain the required characteristics of the charge being produced. The use of an elastic element for pressing the explosive charge and rigid fixation of the pallet and cover also eliminates the movement of the metal elements of the press tool and, therefore, eliminates pinching and grinding of the explosive, which ensures the safety of the pressing process.

Rigid fastening of a glass with a lid and a pallet together with a fixed position of the ends of the workpiece ensures the alignment of the charge elements and the execution of the end surfaces of the charge in size (without further refinement).

The location of the rings of variable cross section adjacent one face to the lid or pallet, and the other to the workpiece, eliminates the entry of an elastic element between the cover or pallet and the workpiece, which eliminates the rupture of the elastic element during the pressing process and increases the reliability of the press tool.

A self-locking valve installed in the sump ensures the evacuation of the cavity of the device for the manufacture of explosive charges, which ensures maximum charge density, a decrease in its different density and, therefore, an increase in armor penetration characteristics.

The annular grooves made in the pan and the lid and mating with the annular protrusions made in the shell provide sealing of the mold volume and its operability.

Figure 1 and 2 shows a press tool explaining the inventive method of manufacturing a cumulative charge of an explosive with a lining and which is an example of a specific implementation of the inventive device, where:

- 1 - pallet;

- 2 - cone;

- 3 - facing;

- 5 - cover;

- 6 - preparation of explosives;

- 7 - ring;

- 8 - extension cord;

- 9 - shell;

- 10 - disk;

- 11 - a glass;

- 12 - self-locking valve;

- 13 - punch;

- 14 - stand;

- 15 - bolt M12;

- 16 - bolt M8;

- 17 - bolt M10;

- 18 - bolt M40.

An example of a specific embodiment of a device for manufacturing explosive charges can be a press tool, including a pallet made of steel 45 and coated with chrome, with a cone installed in special sockets and rigidly fastened to the pallet and a self-locking valve. On the end surface of the pallet there is an annular groove ~ 4 mm wide, ~ 5 mm deep and a seat under the glass ⌀220 mm. A profile surface is made on the inner end of the lid for forming the part, and a conical protrusion with a threaded hole is made on the outer end for fastening the lid with a disk, and two ring grooves are ~ 4 mm wide and ~ 5 mm deep. The lid is fastened with a disk made of steel 45 and coated with chrome, in which there is a seat for a ⌀210 mm glass. The rubber shell made of rubber ИРП 1354 ТУ 38 005.1166-98 is made in the form of a cylinder ⌀186 mm. In the lower part, the cylinder passes into an annular flange, which in turn passes into a cylindrical surface of ⌀217 mm. On the inner surface of the flange there is an annular protrusion with a width of ~ 3 mm and a height of ~ 5 mm. In the upper part, the cylinder passes into a flange having an internal diameter of ~ 92 mm. On the inner plane of this flange there are two annular protrusions with a width of ~ 3 mm and a height of ~ 5 mm. The glass is made of steel 45 in the form of a shell with a wall thickness of ~ 20 mm. On the inner diameter of the shell made seats under the pallet and the disk, fastened with a cover. In the lower part of the glass, at a distance of ~ 47 mm from the end, there is an internal flange designed for pressing the casing to the pallet. On the end surfaces of the glass there are six evenly spaced holes intended for fastening to the glass a disk with a lid and a pallet, moreover, the holes on the pallet side are smooth and on the disk side are threaded.

Four through-holes ⌀25 mm are made on the cylindrical surface of the glass for water to enter the mold. The pressing method in the depicted press tool includes two steps.

The first stage is the formation of the workpiece to a density of ~ 75% of theoretically maximum achievable (TMD) is carried out using mold elements for hard pressing as follows (see figure 1). A copper lining 3 is installed on the pallet 1, assembled with a cone 2, a self-locking valve 12 and installed in the stand 14. Then, a guide 4 is installed on the pallet, heated to a temperature of 130 ° C, fastened to the stand 14 with four bolts 15 and an extension cord 8 is installed. In the cavity formed by the pallet 1 and the guide 4, the sample of the OMA 6 composition, pre-heated to a temperature of 130 ° C, is poured. A cover 5, a punch 13 are installed in the guide, and the composition is sealed with a press to a density of 75% of TMD, after which the guide with the punch and liner is removed from the pallet.

The second stage is hydrostatic pressing (see figure 2). On the blank BB 6 with a pallet 1, a cone 2, a lining 3 put two rings 7 of variable cross-section and press one ring to the pallet 1, and the second to the cover 5 (after installation). The cover 5 is installed. On the cover 5, the blank 6 and pallet 1 put on a rubber sheath 9, while the protruding elements on the flanges of the sheath must fit into the corresponding grooves of the cover 5 and pallet 1. The glass 11 is mounted on the pallet 1 and rigidly fasten it with the pallet with bolts 16, covering the lower end of the shell 9 between the pan and the glass. On top of the glass 11, a disk 10 is mounted and fastened with a bolt 18 with a cover 5, thus covering the upper end of the shell 9. The disk 10, fastened with a lid, is fastened with a glass 11 with bolts 17. Air is removed through a self-locking valve 12 and a press tool is placed into a high-pressure chamber (hydrostat), which is sealed, create a preliminary pressure of 40-70% of the specified pressing pressure, heated to the processing temperature of a specific explosive (for OMA 125 ± 5 °), increase the pressing pressure to the specified and you erzhivayut for 15-30 minutes. In the process of exposure, the elastic shell transfers the pressure created in the high-pressure chamber to the explosive preform and compacts it uniformly over the entire side surface to a predetermined density. At the end of the exposure, the hydrostat is cooled to a temperature of ≈60 ° C, relieve pressure in the hydrostat chamber, depressurize it, remove the press tool, disassemble it and remove the finished charge connected to the lining.

T.O. the fabricated cumulative charge has a minimum density (within the sensitivity of existing methods for measuring the density of explosives).

Claims (2)

1. A method of manufacturing explosive charges, comprising molding a preform from explosive, enclosing it in a sealed volume formed by an elastic shell and sealing elements, followed by placement in a high-pressure chamber and squeezing a liquid or gas pressure along the side surface, characterized in that the workpieces are pressed by pressing to a density of 60-90% of the theoretically maximum achievable, and before crimping the workpiece, its ends are rigidly fixed and the sealed volume is evacuated. 2. A device for manufacturing explosive charges, including a high-pressure chamber and an elastic shell with sealing elements, into which an explosive blank is placed, characterized in that the sealing elements of the elastic shell are made of structural material in the form of a pallet and cover rigidly bonded to the elastic end surfaces shells, moreover, annular grooves are made in the pallet and lid, and in the elastic shell there are protrusions mating with the grooves, while the elastic shell a, the pan and the lid are fixed with a glass in which openings for supplying liquid or gas are made, and rubber rings of variable cross section are fitted on the ends of the workpiece, adjacent to one side of the workpiece and the other to the pallet and lid, while a self-locking vacuum valve is installed in the pan .

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