RU2182206C1 - Building modular unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction engineering; applicable in manufacture of wall frames and internal partitions and structures, door blocks, suspended ceilings, floors, grates, fences, etc. SUBSTANCE: building modular unit is made in form of rectangular parallelepiped with connection members in form of projections and recesses. Unit has height h equaling 2b, where b is width of parallelepiped. Extreme projections have length equaling 2b, and adjacent recesses have length equaling b. Next projections have length 2b, and adjacent recesses have length equaling b, next projections have length from 2 to 300b. Then, in direction from ends to middle of parallelepiped recesses and adjacent protrusions form groups, each having sequence: recess-projection-recess-projection whose length amounts to: b, 2b, b, 2-300b. Groups repeat by cycles n times in direction to middle of parallelepiped, in this case, 1 ≤ n ≤ 500. Fastened to longitudinal face of unit free of projections and recesses may be same unit with its face free of projections and recesses. Technical problem of claimed invention consists in development of such modular building unit which allows formation of lattice works with variation of density of lattice works in various places of its area, and, respectively, nonuniform carrying capacities with consideration of load in those places. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to construction and can be used for the manufacture of wall frames and internal partitions of buildings and structures, door blocks, suspended ceilings, floors, gratings, fences, etc.

 Known building modular block, which is a wooden beam with through holes in which the pins are located; each beam has a different length with the same pitch, and the holes are located at a distance: two holes of 0.5 and two holes 1.5 of the width of the beam from the ends of the short beam (see RU 2155840 from 09/18/1998).

 The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need to manufacture elements of different sizes, which are then combined with each other. The unevenness of the individual blocks makes it difficult to implement a technical solution; connecting the blocks together requires quite complex actions related to the need to combine through holes, insert pins, etc.

 Wooden building modules in the form of bars are also known; the bars form a panel and are fastened together by couplers, passed through the combined holes in the bars; the ratio of the diameter of the nagel to the width of the beam is 0.1-0.8; wooden pins can alternate with threaded metal rods and nuts (see RU 2103455 of 05.22.1996).

 In this technical solution, all modules (boards) are the same, therefore it is free from some of the disadvantages of the analogue described above. However, attaching the bars to each other is as difficult as in the previous device.

 It should also be noted that in the devices according to patents RU 2155840 and RU 2103455, individual modular elements form solid panels (walls) when connected to each other, which in some cases is irrational, since it leads to excessive consumption of materials and unjustified labor costs. The manufacture of lattice structures from such elements is impossible.

 Known building modular block made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with protrusions and grooves; all blocks are multiple sizes and are interconnected without additional fasteners: anchors, screeds, etc .; communication elements are the connecting protrusions and grooves, while the protrusions are made on the upper surface of the block, and the grooves are on the lower surface. A typical block has dimensions 2a • a • (h + 0.15a), and the cross section of the protrusions and grooves of the blocks has a height and depth of 0.15a, where a = 175-225 mm, ah = 220 (in the case of a concrete structure) (cm . RU 2140494 from 09/04/1997).

 This technical solution is taken as a prototype of the present invention.

 Modular blocks can be combined into a single structure due to the connecting protrusions and grooves, have the same dimensions. However, it is impossible to make a lattice structure from them. However, in some cases there is no need to manufacture solid walls, partitions, etc. It is quite enough to make a lattice frame, which can then be provided with a coating, such as a “clapboard”, in the case of walls and partitions, a tongue-and-groove board or plates for the manufacture of floors, decorative panels for the construction of ceilings, etc. In addition, there is no possibility to vary depending load bearing capacity obtained from individual blocks of the wall (panel) in different places by its area, because the wall is solid, and the blocks are all the same. This circumstance also determines the irrational consumption of modular building blocks.

 The present invention is based on the solution of the problem of creating such a modular building block, which would allow the formation of lattice structures, while it should be possible to vary the density of the lattice structure in different places along its area and, accordingly, unequal bearing capacity taking into account the load in these places would be ensured.

 According to the invention, this problem is solved due to the fact that the building modular block, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with communication elements in the form of protrusions and grooves, has a height h of 2b, where b is the width of the parallelepiped, while the extreme protrusions have a length of 2b adjacent grooves have a length equal to b, the following protrusions have a length of 2b, the following grooves have a length equal to b, the following protrusions have a length of 2 to 300b, then the grooves and adjacent grooves that follow in the direction from the ends to the middle of the parallelepiped with them upy form groups, in each of which there is a sequence: a groove - a protrusion - a groove - a protrusion, the lengths of which are respectively: b, 2b, b, 2-300b, the groups are cyclically repeated n times towards the middle of the box, with 1≤n ≤500; to the longitudinal face of a block free from protrusions and grooves, the same block can be attached with its face free from protrusions and grooves.

 The applicant has not identified sources containing information on technical solutions identical to the present invention, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "novelty."

The implementation of the distinguishing features of the invention leads to important new properties of the object:
- First of all, it is precisely such load-bearing capacity of a structure assembled from individual modules that is required in a given place; for example, if it is a floor, then only those places where heavy objects will stand can be strengthened; thus, the consumption of building material is reduced;
- it is possible to create structures through which light and air penetrate - gratings, decorative lattice partitions, etc.

 - it is possible to create lightweight, non-material-intensive frames for their subsequent lining with decorative materials - doors, ceilings, etc.

 The applicant has not found any sources of information containing information about the impact of the claimed distinctive features on the technical result achieved as a result of their implementation. This, according to the applicant, indicates that this technical solution meets the criterion of "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:
figure 1 - building modular block, front view;
figure 2 is a left view of figure 1;
figure 3 is a fragment of a block in a perspective view;
figure 4 is a variant of the device according to claim 2;
figure 5 is a fragment of a building structure made of interconnected modular blocks;
figure 6 is a left view of figure 5.

 The building modular block is a rectangular box 1, made in a concrete example of wood; it is possible to make a modular block of plastic, metal, concrete and other materials. The parallelepiped 1 has a height h equal to 2b, where b is the width of the parallelepiped 1. The parallelepiped 1 has communication elements for connection with other modular units, made in the form of protrusions 2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18 and grooves 4, 5, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 17. The extreme protrusions 2 and 3, placed at the ends of the parallelepiped 1, have a length equal to 2b, adjacent grooves 4 and 5 have a length equal to b, as follows the protrusions 6 and 7 have a length of 2b, the following grooves 8 and 9 have a length of b, the subsequent protrusions 10 and 11 have a length of 2 to 300b; in a specific example, the protrusions 10 and 11 have a length of 5b. Then, the grooves and adjacent protrusions in the direction from the ends to the middle of the parallelepiped 1 form groups, each of which has a sequence: groove - protrusion - groove - protrusion; the groups are cyclically repeated towards the middle of the box 1 n times, where 1≤n≤500. In a specific example, these are: from the left to the middle - groove 12, the protrusion 14, the groove 16, the protrusion 18, from the right to the middle - the groove 13, the protrusion 15, the groove 17, the protrusion 18. Accordingly, the grooves 12 and 13 have a length b, the protrusions 14 and 15 have a length of 2b, grooves 16 and 17 have a length of b, the protrusion 18 is simultaneously in both groups, is in the middle of the parallelepiped 1 and has a length of 5b. In a specific example, n = 1, that is, one group (elements 12, 14, 16, 18) from the left to the middle and one group (elements 13, 15, 17, 18) from the right to the middle of the parallelepiped 1. The value of n depends on the size of the lattice structure constructed from modular blocks; in a specific example illustrating the essence of the invention, the choice of n = 1 is due to the dimensions of the drawing, although for very small lattice structures (for example, covering ventilation openings) it is practically advisable to take n = 1.

 For structures of a very large area, the value of n can reach up to 500, however, the manufacture of lattice structures of extremely large sizes (with a value of n> 500) is impractical, as practice and construction calculations show.

 A possible embodiment of the building modular block shown in figure 4. In this embodiment, the same modular block 19 is attached to the free longitudinal face of the box 1 with the same face, for example with glue, which allows to obtain a more diverse range of building structures.

 The modular blocks are interconnected with a mutually perpendicular arrangement of the blocks to be connected, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6. The mutual fixation of the blocks is carried out due to friction forces. Some grooves can be left free (in places of a trellised design where the increased bearing ability is not required).

 The proposed invention can be implemented using widespread building materials and their processing facilities; it ensures the rational use of building elements and significant savings in materials and labor, which determines the compliance of the invention with the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Claims (2)

 1. The building modular block, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with communication elements in the form of protrusions and grooves, characterized in that it has a height h equal to 2b, where b is the width of the parallelepiped, while the extreme protrusions have a length equal to 2b adjacent to their grooves have a length equal to b, the following protrusions have a length of 2b, the subsequent grooves have a length equal to b, the following protrusions have a length of 2 to 300b, then the grooves and adjacent protrusions that follow in the direction from the ends to the middle of the parallelepiped form groups in each of otorrhea a sequence groove - projection - groove - a projection length which are respectively b, 2b, b, 2-300b, group cycled n times toward the middle of the box, while 1≤n≤500.  2. The building modular block according to claim 1, characterized in that the same block is attached to its longitudinal face, free of protrusions and grooves, with its face free of protrusions and grooves.

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