WO2012083391A1

WO2012083391A1 - Grid modules and method for interlocking grids

Info

Publication number: WO2012083391A1
Application number: PCT/BG2010/000027
Authority: WO
Inventors: Nikolay Vaskov Ivanov
Original assignee: Nikolay Vaskov Ivanov
Priority date: 2010-12-21
Filing date: 2010-12-21
Publication date: 2012-06-28

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of construction and in particular to grid modules and a method for interlocking grids from these modules. The grid module comprises at least a floor and a ceiling in the form of grids, each constructed from elongated elements interlocked through slots, where at least one of the grids of the ceiling (4) and/or the floor (5) have vacant slots (3). The grids are executed in a way that the grid of the floor (5) of one module may penetrate into the grid of the ceiling (4) of another module by interlocking through the vacant slots (3) of the corresponding elements (1, 2) so that a united grid can be formed. The elements (1, 2) are made of profiled and/or composite beams and/or girders, the widest part of the cross section of the profile forms the thickness of the element.

Description

GRID MODULES AND

METHOD FOR INTERLOCKING GRIDS

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of construction and in particular to grid modules and a method for interlocking grids from these modules. The method and modules can be applied in architecture, construction, design, furniture construction and industry for working out both domestic objects and toys. They are especially appropriate for use in the low-rise, middle-rise and high-rise buildings both by assembling of prefabricated from separate elements horizontal and vertical grids or prefabricated building construction three-dimensional modules, and by intersection of the elements at the construction site.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

There are a great number of construction systems using prefabricated elements. Their main advantage is that they ensure easy and quick construction and allow avoiding wet processes at the construction site. Ways and means for decrease of the construction costs as well as for provision of higher rigidity of the buildings have been sought. It is also important that these systems provide a great variety of architectural solutions with a view to the uniqueness of the building, at the same time preserving the above benefits.

Some problems have been outlined in the use of prefabricated modular elements and three-dimensional (3D) section modules in the construction. The conventional way of constructing multi-storey buildings with such modules is to arrange these modules one above of the other. This requires that each module has sufficient strength in vertical direction in order to support the weight of the modules laid above it. At the place of joining the modules there is an excessive consumption of material because the walls are double. It is normal to look for the optimal unification of modules in order to satisfy both the strength requirements and the requirements for decrease of the element weight combined with higher economic efficiency of the construction.

The use of different types of grids in the construction of multistorey buildings for floors, walls, staircases, balconies, window frames or facade elements is also very common. The main advantage of the grid structures is that they have very high load bearing capacity. For example, DE 803422 discloses a floor construction grid made of elongated flat elements with slots which are perpendicular to the plane and are located at equal distance from each other, and the elements intersect through the slots to form a grid. WO 2006/101413, published also as EA 0 1657, discloses another construction system of elongated elements with

perpendicular slots at equal distances from each other, in which the elements intersect through their slots to form a grid and the elements are with a square section. These types of grids can be used in the in-situ construction of buildings but they cannot be used for 3D building structures as they do not allow joining elements in height.

Well known, for example, are from DE 1044380, GB 1102597,

DE 20100630, US 2008/0163580, EP 0033257, GB 1102597, EP1662065,

RU 2182206 (published also as WO 02/077383), US 2335181 , etc., a great number of grid structures. The elements of such systems are made of elongated elements with perpendicular slots at equal distance from each other or groups of cyclic recurrent slots and the elements intersect each other through the slots. The known grids comprise exterior frames by which they are strengthened. They can be used in construction but they cannot be used for construction of 3D building construction modules as they do not allow joining elements in height. An additional disadvantage is that the known grid constructions do not allow efficient use in the design of interior spaces.

It is known from GB 985338 grid module with the form of a polyhedron comprising an interlocked floor, ceiling and at least two walls, the floor and the ceiling being in the form of grids, each built of intersecting through their slots elongated elements. This module is suitable to join an adjacent module which leads to doubling the walls. Another disadvantage of the grid module is that it is not suitable for joining another module in building the next floor of the building without using interim elements between the floor and the ceiling of the modules arranged one above the other. Thus, the material consumption of the construction is increased and also the wet processes at the construction site are avoided

It is known from DE 803422 method for construction of grid structures comprising the steps of fixing parallely arranged flat elements with slots at equal distance from each other b and/or n so that the element plane is perpendicular to the foundation plane and the slots on the one of the long sides are directed upwards, followed by the step of intersecting and fixing at an angle at equal distances of the other flat elements through the slots in order to form a horizontal grid of the floor with openings of equal dimensions. This method cannot be used for construction of 3D space building structures and for production of prefabricated 3D construction modules. The known method is labour-intensive and slow.

There is also another known method for construction of grid structures from FR 2736073 disclosing the steps of parallel arranging to each other of first elements with slots at equal distance from each other in a way that slots on the one of the long sides of the elements are directed upwards; intersecting and fixing at an angle at equal distances of other elements with slots at equal distance from each other in order to form a horizontal grid of the floor with openings of equal dimensions. This method cannot be used for construction of 3D space building structures by joining grid floor, ceiling and walls.

In a previous invention of mine, claimed as PCT/BG2009/000011 , similar grid modules and methods of their construction are described. There, however, the elements are solid and flat with the same thickness, which does not allow the use of other various ready-made construction profiles, composite beams and girder having higher strength properties and resistance to higher strains. Besides, it does not allow a fuller optimization of the rigidity characteristics of the construction through a selection of the participating elements.

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SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of this invention is to provide a grid module which can guarantee easy and quick erection of building structures with high rigidity and a great variety of spatial solutions. These and other objects of the invention are achieved with the proposed grid module with the form of a polygon comprising connected at least a floor and a ceiling. The floor and the ceiling of the module are grids built of

intersecting through slots elongated elements made of profiled and/or composite beams as well as girder trusses, the widest part of the cross section of the profile forming the thickness of the element. The elements in at least one direction along the length or width of a module of at least one of the grids of the ceiling and/or the floor have vacant slots which allows the grid of the floor of a module to be able to penetrate into the grid of the ceiling of another module by intersection through the vacant slots of the corresponding elements. Through the option for a mutual penetration of the grids of the floors and the ceiling through the vacant slots, a unified common grid can be formed which reduces the material consumption of the structure and makes it lighter. Besides, the wet processes at the construction site are reduced to a minimum. Thus, open-work structures of ready-made construction profiles can be made, both metal and wooden which have high rigidity properties and are resistant to high strains. The use of profile and/or composite beams and/or girders provides the option to choose the profile of the cross section of the elements according to the needs which allows to enhance additionally the rigidity properties of the constructed building structures, to optimize their material consumption, respectively their weight, as well as to increase the supporting intervals which are to be overcome. This is because the profile beams, including the box-like profiles, have enhanced rigidity properties of tension, pressure, torsion, etc. as a result of the method of their production which allows an optimal choice of profile according to the needs, without an excessive consumption of material.

In one embodiment of the invention, the module comprises at least one wall connecting the floor and the ceiling, the walls are also grids made of intersected through slots erect and horizontal elements along the height and width of the walls accordingly, so that the corresponding horizontal elements of all walls lay at equal distances from the floor thus forming different levels, and the ends of at least two erect elements of the wall are intersected at an angle, preferably 90°, to the ends of the corresponding elements of the floor and the ceiling.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the horizontal elements of at least one of wall grids have slots arranged one opposite the other in a chess-board order along both long sides of the elements, the slots are arranged at a distance Θ one from the other along the length of the elements, the slots on one side of the elements being vacant and designed to connect through analogous vacant slots of the wall of another module. Thus one wall of a module may be intersected with the wall of another module in order to form common wall grid, which makes the

construction more compact.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, the ceiling and/or the floor comprises elements with slots arranged one opposite the other in a chess-board order along both long sides of the elements; the slots are arranged at distance b or Π one from the other along the length of the elements, the slots on one side of the elements being vacant and designed to connect through analogous vacant slots with the ceiling or floor of another module. Thus one ceiling or floor of one module may be connected with the ceiling or floor of another module in order to form a common grid, which makes the construction more compact.

In yet another embodiment of the invention, one of the grids of the ceiling or the floor contains first elements with slots located at equal distances Π from each other, at least one of the grids of the ceiling or the floor contains elements with slots located at equal distance b from each other where the ratio Π : b is within the range from 1:1 to 1:20, preferably 1 :1,5 to 1 :20, and the second elements with slots at distance b are located in different direction towards the first elements with slots at distance Π, preferably at an angle of 90° . In a preferred embodiment the profile of the elements has a narrow middle section and at least one flange and thickening elements are adjusted around the slots in the narrow middle section. In another preferred realization, the profile of the elements has a narrow middle section and a least one flange, the flange around the slots being cut at least on one side of the slot. This stabilizes the connection when profiles are intersected through the slots and at the same time it preserves the option for a fast and easy disassembly.

The construction of three-dimensional grid modules has immense advantages. Statically each of the modules acts as an independent structure capable of taking enormous loads. Thus the static model of the building becomes extremely rigid. Each of the modules can take the loads during the transportation and assembly without being deformed as the wall structure is of a grid type. The use of elements with elongated profiled sections is maximally efficient in taking the load and reducing the material consumption for the modules. The invention allows combining the grid modules with other known construction structures, for example reinforced concrete frame structure, including precast units, and other steel structures which increases the application of the grid module and the options for architectural solutions many times. Some other advantages of the module according to the invention are that it can be prefabricated in a factory and be completely finished with all facade and floor constructing layers. Such module has low dead load which makes its transportation and installation easy and decreases the time for construction. The hollows formed by the grids can be used for building-in of lighting fixtures, for recesses and cupboards thus providing functional freedom in the interior design. The grids of the floor and the ceiling as well as of the various walls may be different or similar regarding the density of the grid and the parity of the elements. The elements of the grids of the floors, the walls and the ceiling may have different dimensions and be interrelated in different ways, respectively with different joints, both among themselves and to other elements of the building in case the grid modules are built in other building structures known from the level of technology.

The invention also provides a method for interlocking grids from various grid modules according to the invention where each grid is built of intersected through slots elongated elements built of profile and/or composite beams and/or girders, the widest part of the cross section of the profile forms the thickness of the element which at least in one direction along the module width or length of at least one of the grids have vacant slots. The method involves the step of interlocking the elements of one grid with the elements of another grid through the vacant slots so that the grids penetrate mutually and form one common grid or part of a grid. Using this method of interlocking two grids into one, or into a part of a grid, a grid in achieved which statically works as one grid without relying for that only on the joints but also on the geometry of the elements the ways to catch them and their commitment after the interlocking. The proposed method has the advantage of reducing greatly the material consumption, volume and weight of the constructed buildings because the thickness of the construction walls, floor and ceiling may be preserved as their thickness in the separate module.

In one embodiment of the method, the grids are walls of the modules and a common wall between two adjacent modules is formed with their interlocking and as necessary, the previous steps are repeated with the grids of other walls.

In another preferred embodiment of the method the grids are a floor of the first module and a ceiling of a second module and a common unified grid or a part of a grid is formed with their interlocking which serves as a floor of the first module and a ceiling of a second module in the construction of two adjacent floors of a building and as necessary, the previous steps are repeated. The advantages are that, with this method of interlocking grids, various polyhedral grid modules with all kinds of shapes, for example parallelepipeds, pyramidal, polygonal, which increases many times the option for a great variety of architectural designs and construction of building structures.

In yet another preferred embodiment of the method the modules contain a floor, a ceiling and a wall between them, the interlocking grids are the floors of the two modules and the ceilings of the two modules and a common unified grid or a W

7 part of a grid is formed with their interlocking which serve as common floor and common ceiling for both modules in the construction of one premise of a building and as necessary, the previous steps are repeated. The modules can be either mirror- positioned one opposite the other or be at an angle one next to another. The advantages are that using the proposed method for interlocking the grids both of the floor and of the ceiling, the rigidity properties can be strengthened and also angled structures can be formed which increases many times the option for a great variety of architectural designs and construction of building structures.

In yet another embodiment of the method, before the step of interlocking elements from one grid with elements from another grid, the steps of building grid modules are included through: placing parallel between themselves the first elements with slots at given distances in a way that the slots along one of the long sides of the elements are directed upwards; followed by the step of intersecting through at least one slot and fixing other second elements with slots at other intervals between them in a way to form a horizontal grid on the floor with opening of desired dimensions. The method also contains the steps: joining at angle turned upwards the ends of the elements of the floor at least on one side with the ends of third elements with slots, the slots of one of the long sides of the third elements directed to the outside; and intersecting the third elements through at least one slot with fourth elements with slots in a way to form at least one grid of a ceiling, forming a separate module and at least one of the ceiling or floor grids has vacant slots left for interlocking the grids of other modules of similar or different type.

In another preferred embodiment, before the construction of the ceiling grids, the ends of the first and/or second elements of the floor are fixed at angle, preferably 90° , to the ends of at least two longitudinal elements with slots; interlocking the longitudinal elements through at least one slot with at least one transversal element with slots in a way to form a grid of at least one wall. At least of one of the grids of the ceiling, the floor or the walls of the module has vacant slots left for joining the grids of other modules. The advantages of this method are that the building is constructed with increased resistance from prefabricated light elements without the necessity of wet processes at the construction site.

In another preferred embodiment of the method the steps for building of the floor, ceiling and wall grids of the module are done in advance outside the construction site after which the ends of the elements of the floor grid are fixed to the ends of the elements of the wall grids, then the free ends of the wall grid are fixed to the ends of the elements of the ceiling grid. This gives the option for a preliminary unified construction of the separate grid in the factory which reduces considerably the time for the construction of the building.

In another preferred embodiment of the method the modules are assembled in advance outside the construction site, transported in assembled form to the site of the building where they are interlocked one to another in horizontal direction through the vacant slots of the walls and/or intersected in vertical direction through the vacant slots of the ceiling grids of the lower module and of the floor of the upper module and are fixed one to another and/or to the foundation. In this embodiment, it is possible to achieve fast and easy construction of buildings with the greatest possible unification of the modules.

In yet another embodiment of the method.when forming the common grid or part of the grid, at least one of the dimensions along the length or width of its openings coincides with the corresponding of the dimensions of the openings of each of the grids. Thus, common grids can be built, in which the form of their openings or the thickness of their common elements can be regulated depending on the needs of the structure. In another preferred embodiment of the method, the vacant slots are located only on the elements of one direction. With this type of interlocking, the slots of the common grid or of the part of the grid preserve only one of their dimensions either along the length or along the width. In another preferred embodiment of the method the vacant slots of the elements of one of the grids at least at the place of interlocking the grids are wider so that two elements can be placed in them with their thickness, the common grid or part of a grid contains doubled elements in one of the directions. This is an embodiment of interlocking grids with which the openings of the common grid or of the part of the grid are with analogous dimension of the openings of each of the grids, the total thickness of the elements being doubled for the purpose of making them stronger. In another preferred embodiment of the method, the elongated elements of both grids in one of the directions of each grid are with less height and the slots of the elements in the other direction are arranged one opposite the other along the long sides of the elements with which the common grid or part of the grid contains a common element in one of the directions that is made of the elements with a reduced height of each grid. This is another type of interlocking with which the openings of the common grid or of the part of the grid can also be with analogous dimension to the openings of each of the grids or preserve one of their dimensions along the length or the width depending on the needs.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Examples showing the present invention are provided in the attached figures, where:

- Figures a,b and 2a_¾b show types of interlocking grids to get a united common grid through vacant slots along the longitudinal and transversal elements, the common grid or part of a grid is with openings of less area;

- Figures 3a, b and 4a,b show other types of interlocking grids with which the openings of the common grid preserve one of their dimensions and either the longitudinal or the transversal elements are doubled with the interlocking;

- Figures 5a, b and 6a, b show other types of interlocking grids where only the longitudinal or only the transversal elements are separated into two parts along the height and the other, respectivelythe longitudinal or the transversal elements, are doubled in the common grid, the obtained openings in the common grid being analogous in dimensions to the ones of the separate grids;

- Figures 7a, b and 8a,b show other types of interlocking grids where only the longitudinal or only the transversal elements are separated into two parts along the height and the openings of the common grid preserve only one of their dimensions;

- Figure 9 shows interlocking through its vacant slots of the ceiling grid of one module with the floor grid of another module to obtain a common part of a grid;

- Figure 10 shows a frontal view in the axonometry of a type of 3D construction module M1 with vacant slots in the ceiling;

- Figure 11 shows a frontal view in the axonometry of a type of 3D construction module M2 with vacant slots in the floor;

- Figure 12 shows a frontal view in the axonometry of a type of 3D construction module M3 with vacant slots in the floor;

- Figures from 13a to 13e show the elements of building two wall grids, the built wall grids, the interlocked wall grids, the wall grids as part of the various grid modules and the interlocked wall grids of two adjacent modules;

- Figures 14a and 14b show the construction through interlocking grids according to the invention of a vertical construction of hexagonal modules; - Figures 15a and 15b show the construction of a closed 3D spatial grid module according to the invention;

- Figures 16a and 16b show the intersecting through interlocking of grids of two hexagonal modules;

- Figures 17a and 17b show the connecting of two modules with a rectangular and triangle cross section;

- Figures 18a - 18h show various profile and composite elements;

- Figures 19a-19b show intersection of profile elements having a narrow part and flanges where part of the flanges are cut;

- Figures 20a-20b show interlocking of profile elements having a narrow part and flanges using transversal planks for strengthening the place of interlocking;

- Figures 21a and 21b show a model interlocking of the ends of two elements arranged at an angle;

- Figures 22a-22b and 23a-23b show intersection to the foundation of the module;

- Figures 24 show various profile elements with slots for building grids.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is demonstrated in the attached figures and illustrated with the examples below that serve only for illustration.

The grids according to the invention comprise elongated elements that have a profile cross section where the wider part of the cross section of the profile forming the thickness of the element. On Figures from 1 to 8, a method of interlocking is illustrated according to the invention of embodiments of different grid worked out from such elements that can penetrate one into the other. Each grid contains longitudinal elements 1 and transversal elements 2, each element having slots 3, through which the elements 1 and 2 are intersected. The prim (') is used to signify all positions of each second grid. The grids are executed in a way that there are vacant slots left through which the two grids penetrate one into the other and a united common grid or part of a grid is formed. For example, the clear openings of the common grids man be with less dimensions that the openings of each one of the common grids separately as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2. The clear openings of the grids of these examples are showrr for example reduced symmetrically twice along the length and width but there can also be other proportions. The grids from Figs 1a, 1 b and 2a, 2b are suitable for constructions with less required floor, wall or ceiling thickness at the expense of the number of elements and openings or, for a

construction for which it is necessary the elements to be located more densely, for example when building antiseismic reinforcement that can be either vertical or horizontal. Figs 3a,b, fig.4a,b, fig.7a, b and fig.8a, b show types of interlocking of grids in which the openings of the common grid preserve their dimension along one of the directions along the length or width of the grids. These grids are suitable in the cases where part of the beams or columns are reinforced for themselves and openings of larger dimensions may be used. The advantage here is in the reduction of the number of buttress bracings and the faster and somewhat easier construction. In other embodiments, these clear openings can be approximately with the dimensions of the openings of the grids as shown in Figs 5a,6 and 6a,6. Figures from 5 to 8 show embodiments in which the height of the longitudinal 1 and transversal 2 elements is different. For example, in Figs 5a, 5b and 7a, 7b, only the transversal elements 2 are with a smaller height, while in the embodiments from Figs 6a, 6b and 8a, 8b the transversal elements 2 of one grid are lower, but of the other grid the longitudinal elements 1 are lower. The elements with reduced height can be with the same or different heights in each grid. Thus, material is economized. This is applicable in the cases when the used material is expensive and optimization is necessary both regarding it and the number of intersections as a result of the larger openings. The embodiments οτ Figs 7a, 7b and S , 8b are applicable for constructions, in which the distribution of the loads should be on more elements and with smaller openings. The executions that were not shown in the figures but are possible, are of various heights of the slots. Also not shown in the drawings the connecting grids may be interlocked at angle that is different from 90°, through which openings of a form different from the rectangular one, for example rhomboid or rhombic, may be achieved. It is also possible the intervals for leaving vacant slots for interlocking to another grid to be in transversal, longitudinal or in both directions and it could be done at intervals of one, two or more elements and irregularly or in groups.

Fig. 9 shows two intersected parallelepiped grid modules that have grid ceilings respectively 4 and 4' and grid floors respectively 5 and 5' with vacant slots 3 whose interlocking forms a united common grid according to the method of the invention. The modules also have walls 6, for example also grid. Figs 14a, 14b, 16a, 16b show the interlocking of modules with another shape, for example hexagonal. Here, interlocking, as shown in Fig. 14 may be also executed by the walls 6. Fig. 17a, 17b show the interlocking of various types of modules, for example one triangle, serving as roof, and one base in the form of a parallelepiped. It is also possible to interlock closed 3D grid modules from the type shown in fig. 15a, b both through the floor or ceiling and through the walls. Figs 13a - 13c show the

construction and the interlocking of the grids of two walls 6 according to the method of the invention. Figs 13d - 13e show interlocking of two adjacent modules through the penetration of the relevant grids of the walls 6, 6' in a way to form a united common grid whose width is equal to the width of the widest element of any grid.

Fig. 10 shows an example of a built 3D construction module M1 having a floor 5, ceiling 4 and walls 6 that will be explained in more details. The floor 5, the ceiling 4 and two opposite walls 6 are grids obtained from the interlsecting of elements 1, 2 for example from double T-shaped profiles which elements in longitudinal and trasversal direction of the grid can be different, for example can be with different ends or end with an open slot. The longitudinal 1 and the transversal 2 elements of the floor 5, ceiling 4 and the walls 6 of modules can be the same or different in type and dimensions but for example they are designated with one and the same references 1 and 2 only in order to emphasize their main purpose to serve as longitudinal or transversal elements in a given grid. For example, the floor 5 is a dense grid, received from the intersecting of five transversal elements 2 with evenly distributed slots 3 at intervals Π with five longitudinal elements 1 with evenly located unilateral slots 3 at distances b. Only for the example, all transversal elements 2 of the floor are with a width of 60 cm, a length of 245 cm, and the distances Π are also 60 cm. The longitudinal elements 1 of the ceiling 4 for example have a chosen length of 610 cm, and the distances b are equal to 120 cm, and for example they are chosen to have five slots 3 having 5 cm wide, situates at equal distances of 60 cm and the middle slot 7 is with double width, for example 10 cm. The longitudinal elements 1 and the transversal elements 2 of the grid of the floor 5 are intersected through all their slots. A grid with a high density of the slots is formed, without vacant slots of the participating elements. The ceiling 4 for example is built of the intersecting,

respectively, of three identical longitudinal elements 1 with two identical transversal elements 2 with slots located in a chess-board order on both sides also at distances b. For example the transversal elements 2 of the ceiling are chosen with a length of 245 cm and have, arranged at the same distances b, two slots 3 located in a chessboard order opposite one another on both sides. The longitudinal elements 1 of the ceiling 4 for example are chosen with length of 610 cm and the dimension h at the ends of the elements is equal to 60 cm. For example, the slots 3 on the upper long walls of the transversal elements 2 of the ceiling 4, the elements are left vacant. Three of the slots 3 of the longitudinal elements 1 of the ceiling 4, leaving one vacant, are also left free. The vacant slots 3 of the elements 1 and 2 of the ceiling 4 serve for interlocking another module above, as shown in Fig. 9. Thus, the built grid of the ceiling of module M1 is with openings larger than the openings of the floor grid. The walls 6 of the modules are executed as wall grids, obtained from the intersecting, for example, of three erect longitudinal elements 1a and three horizontal transversal elements 2a. For example, the longitudinal elements 1a of the walls are at an angle of 90° towards the floor and the ceiling and that's why they are called erect but they can also be at another angle. Also, for example, the transversal elements 2a of the walls are parallel to the floor and the ceiling and that's why they are called horizontal, but they can also be at another angle. By intersecting the erect longitudinal elements 1a of the walls with the three horizontal transversal elements 2a, the polyhedron frame construction is stabilized at three levels. The erect longitudinal elements 1a of the walls 6 for example have three slots 3, and the lower two of them are at a distance A one from the other as shown in Figs 26a and 26d. The horizontal transversal elements 2a of the walls 6 have for example three slots 3 at distances Θ and form three stabilizing belts of the wall. Thus, the two opposite walls 6 of the construction module M1 form stable wall grids. The distances A for example are chosen equal to 90 cm. The flat walls of the horizontal transversal elements 2a of the wall grids for example are parallel to the planes of the floor 5 and the ceiling 4 of the modules. The ends of the erect longitudinal elements 1a of the wall grids of the opposite walls 6 are intersected at an angle, for example 90°, towards the planes of the floor 5 and the ceiling 4 to the ends of the corresponding elements in the corresponding direction of the grids of the floor 5 and the ceiling 4. For example, the erect longitudinal elements 1a of the walls 6 are three but they can also be 2, 4, 5 or any integer depending on the particular case, their number depending on the number of slots at distances Θ of the horizontal transversal elements 2a of the walls 6. It is clear that the distances A and Θ between the slots of the elements of the grids of the walls are independent both one of the other and of the distances b, Π, ΠΊ and O (Fig. 26) between the slots of the elements of the grids of the floor or the ceiling. This is due to the fact that the distance Θ between the erect longitudinal elements 1a may be chosen according to the needs. The distance Θ, however, in some particular cases, may coincide with the distances Π or b, but this is not always necessary. In this shown execution, the module M1 is with open long walls 13 that are not executed as grids. In other executions, the long walls 13 can be made as grids. This module M1 may be used as a basic module for interlocking to other modules in horizontal direction when it is necessary to obtain a larger room or in horizontal direction when it is necessary to build a next floor or semi- floor. Preferably, the vacant slots of each grid of a floor, ceiling or wall, through which interlock to a grid of another module is done are located on the external side of the modules.

Fig. 11 shows another module M2, compatible with module M1. The differences with the previous module are that in module M2 the grid of the ceiling is the denser grid, and the grid of the floor is with the larger openings compared to the openings of the ceiling. The elements 1 ' and 2' in the case of this module M2 are show in Fig. 11 with other references prim only for clarity and distinction from the corresponding elements of the above described module M1 , because they can be different in the execution. The longitudinal and the transversal elements of the floor 5', the ceiling 4' and the walls 6' of modules M2 are also designated with one and the same reference numbers in spite that the elements can be with different construction and dimensions. The grid of the ceiling 4' of module M2 is built along the longitudinal direction from, for example, three longitudinal elements 1'. The elements 1' of the ceiling 4' of module M2 have slots at equal distances Π, the same like in module M1 , for example equal to 60 cm, interlocked in trasversal direction for example with nine transversal elements 2', in which the distance between two slots 3 and the distance between one slot 3 and the corresponding short side of the element are equal among themselves and correspond to the distance b or θ, in this case for example chosen equal to 120 cm. The grid of the floor 5' of module M2 is built by the intersecting of two external longitudinal elements 1' with slots in chess-board order in longitudinal direction with elements 2', for example four in trasversal direction. The elements 1' of the floor for example have a length of 610 cm and the slots 3' are at the same distances b of 120 cm, just as the elements 1 and 2 of the ceiling of module M1. The transversal elements 2' of the grid of the floor 4' of modules M2 have vacant internal slots 3', through the interlocking of which in the vacant slots 3 of the ceiling 5 of module M1 , the two modules M1 and M2 can be arranged one above the other as shown in fig. 9. The walls 6' of modules M2 are formed in an analogous way with three stabilizing belts as was also shown for module M1.

A third module M3 is shown in Fig. 12 that can be built with longitudinal 1 " and transversal 2" elements. In this module M3 the ceiling 4" is built as a dense grid obtained by the intersecting of elements 2" with distances between the slots Π in trasversal direction with elements 1 " at distances between the slots b in longitudinal direction. In the example, the transversal 2" and the longitudinal 1 " elements have lengths of respectively 305 cm and 610 cm. For example the grid of the ceiling 4" of this module M3 is identical with the grid of the floor 5 of module M1. The floor 5" of module M3 is built of the intersecting respectively in trasversal direction of three elements 2" at distances between the slots Π with two elements 1 " with slots in chess-board order at distances 2b on each side of elements 1 " in longitudinal direction. Vacant slots are left below in the elements 1 " and 2" in both directions. Thus the formed grid of the floor of this module M3 may be interlocked in an analogous way (not shown in the drawings) as in npn modules M1 and M2, with the vacant slots of the grid of the ceiling 4 of moduie M1 in such a way that modules M1 and M3 are arranged one above the other and have, for example, a whole grid or part of a grid. Three stabilizing belts of the walls 6" are formed in an analogous way as in modules M1 and M2.

Of course, the grids for interlocking to another module can be both below and above. For example, module M1 can be easily transformed into module M3 and vise versa. This allows console protrusions regarding module M2. Modules are shown in which for example one of the grids of the ceiling in modules M2 and M3 or of the floor in module M1 are with the highest possible density of the openings and there are no vacant slots left through which other modules can be interlocked in vertical direction. The system allows other modules to be constructed as well (not shown in the drawings) in which the grids both of the ceiling and of the floor contain vacant slots in one or and in both longitudinal and transverse directions for intersecting with other modules. Thus, the interim floors in buildings can be formed.

In each of the constructed modules the grids of the corresponding floor, ceiling or walls (not shown in the drawings) can be formed of elements of various height d. For example, the transversal elements of the floor and the ceiling are of smaller height than the height of the longitudinal elements as shown in Fig. 5 - 8. This reduces the consumption of material for the construction. When the grids of the walls are executed with elements of various height d, the options for the construction of the interior are greater. The dimensions of the modules may vary depending on the needs of the construction. Preferably, the width of modules would be in the range from 1 ,0 m to 22.0 m, the length of the modules would be chosen in the range from 2,0 m to 22,0 m and the height would be in the range from 2,0 m to 15,0 m. Depending on the application, there might be other measures, too, for example, in cm or mm.

The modules allow the use of additionally known elements and joints aiming at strengthening both during transportation of the corresponding modules and in the finished building as means to protect from earthquakes and make them resistant to other calamities.

The system also allows the construction of wall grids common for two adjacent modules which enhances the freedom of designing. Figs 13a - 13e show a model interlock of walls of two adjacent modules in a way to form a common wall grid between them. The modules can be any of the shown M1 , M2 or M3, or another module not shown in the drawings. Fig. 13a shows the construction element by element of the wall grids which should be interlocked. Fig. 13b shows ready wall grids designed to be interlocked one to another and Fig. 3c shows interlocking of the wall grids of two adjacent modules. The erect longitudinal elements, in this case illustrated by Fig. 13a with references 1a and 1b, here have unilaterally arranged slots 3a with double width and the lower two being at distances A one from another. One wall contains for example two erect elements 1a and the second wall contains three erect elements 1b. The elements 1a and 1b from both walls are crossed and stabilized for example with three horizontal transversal elements which are elements with slots in chess-board order on both sides at distances Θ, here designated as 2a for the first wall and 2b for the second wall, whose slots 3 are with a width C. The erect longitudinal elements 1a of the first wall are arranged in way to be able to interlock through the vacant slots of the horizontal transversal elements 2b of the second wall in a way to form a united wall grid. The horizontal transversal elements 2a and 2b of both walls are intersected with the erect longitudinal elements 1a and 1b through their wider slots 3a and 3b. Figs 13d and 13e show the analogous interlocking of the wall grids of two adjacent modules.

The grids of the modules can be build of elements from various material, type, transversal and longitudinal cross section and shape, in any direction of any of the two grids, together and/or separately, that are intersected into one common grid.

The options for constructing other 3D modules and their interlocking are shown in Figs 14 - 17. It can be seen that the system is flexible and offers the execution of many and diverse spatial solutions depending on the

application. It is possible to have an embodiment of interlocking mirror-positioned modules containing a floor, ceiling and wall between them where the interlocking grids are the floors and the ceilings of the two modules and with their interlocking common united grids or parts of grids are formed which serve as a common floor and a common ceiling for the two modules in the construction of one premise of a building. There is an option (not shown in the figures) for construction of various roof and fagade structures with the use of elements with a form different from the rectangular form, for example, curved, arc or rhomboid. The modules can be built with walls at an angle such as the examples of Fig. 15 and fig. 16 are, can be as a result of an angled interlock of two walls, can be composed of a floor, ceiling and one wall, or of two walls and a ceiling, or a floor and an "alpjne" type of ceiling and many others. It is clear, that the walls of the modules can be at an angle different from the straight one towards the planes of the floor or the ceiling or of the other walls. In thisd case the names "floor" and "ceiling" are used in their common meaning referring to the construction industry and the ceiling may also be slanted.

Facade walls can be fixed to the modules (not shown in the figures). Both suspended facades known from the known art and specially designed panels can be used. Such panels can be used for the grids of the floor and/or the ceiling and/or the walls.

Figures 18a - 18h show various types of profile elements, which can be longitudinal 1, 1a or transversal 2, 2a. They can be double T-shaped (Figs 18a, 18b, 18c and 18 f), T-shaped (Fig. 18g), Π-shaped (Fig. 18h), box-shaped profiles (Fig. 18e), encased (Fig. 18d), girders (not shown in the drawings). The profiles can also be other types not shown in the drawings such as, for example, square, triangle, Z-shaped, Γ-shaped and T-shaped iron, tubular-shaped, dense oval, triangle and many others. In the embodiments from Figs 18a, 18b, 18c and 18f, the profile of the elements has a narrow middle part 8 with thickness t and and at least one flange 9, for example two. Around the slots 3 in the narrow middle part 8,

thickening elements 10 are fixed. In the embodiments shown in Figs 18g, 18h, 19a, 19b and 20a-20b, the profile has a narrow middle part 8 and at least one flange 9, the flange 9 around the slots 3 being cut at least in one side of the slots. Figs 20a and 20b show an embodiment of doubleT-shaped profile where the slots are reinforced with transversal thrust strips 11.

The ensuring of the stability of the intersection between two interlocked elements may be done with means known from the known art, for example, reinforcement with L profiles, shoe-type profiles, strips etc. for transverse stabilization of intersected elements, and/or through bolt joints in connecting the elements at their ends. To illustrate what was said in Figs 21a and 21b an example is shown of connecting the ends of two elements 1, 2, the connection being reinforced with lateral strips 12.

The capacity of the modules is enlarged when columns (not shown in the drawings) are included in them, whose location can depend both on the needs of the interior and on the reinforcement of the construction. It is possible to use them also for auxiliary purposes, for example, stabilization of modules during

transportation.

Model executions of intersection of a module to a foundation are shown in Figs 22 and 23. Directing elements are used, respectively in the form of groove 15 for support in the direction of one element and in the form of a cross-piece 16 for the support of the connection in the intersecting of the elements of the grid.

The modules can be prefabricated into a finished form (not shown in the drawings) through a preliminary assembly of the necessary installations for electricity, gas, heating, elements of the water and sewerage installations and the preliminary covering of the internal space with interior walls, ceilings or floors, thus achieving great cheapening of the construction process.

Figures from 25a to 25p show the drawings of different

embodiments of elements 1 and 2, which, together or in various combinations can be included in various embodiments of construction modules. The elements 1, 2 are profile beams or composite beams. They can be plane forms which are rectangular, shown in Fig. 25, as well as rhomboid, curved or arc-shaped, not shown in the drawings. Other not shown executions are possible such as wave-shaped, triangle, trapezium-shaped and other plane forms, as well as solid frames, according to the particular architectural solution. Elements 1, 2 can be of different length I and of various height d, the thickness between the outer edges of the profile of the cross section of the elements in the modules for example is one and the same C, but it is possible the thickness C also to be different for the various modules. Each element 1,

2 has slots 3 located along the length of its body whose width is designed in a way that part of the profile with the least thickness can go into it and intersect with another element 1 or 2. The elements have long sides forming the length I and short sides which form the height d. The elements can end at least at one of their ends with an open slot 3, so that a small cutting with the size of the slot is obtained. The slots 3 can be transversal or arranged at an angle O towards the thickness of the elements (Fig. 25a). The slots 3 can also be slanted towards the long sided at an angle β (fig. 25b). The slots 3 can be unilaterally arranged (fig. 25c,e,j,m) or arranged bilaterally in a chess-board order one against the other (fig. 25d) or bilaterally arranged one against the other (fig. 25f - 25i). Some of the elements 1, 2 may have at least one slot 7, which has a width larger than the width of the other slots 3, as seen from fig. 25g,h. The width of slots 7 is designed in a way that the parts of the profile with the least thickness can get into it in order to intersect with two other elements 1 or 2. The slots

3 can be arranged regularly at distances Π or b along the length of the body (Fig. 25f, 25g, 25k, 25I) or can also be irregularly distanced one from the other, as shown in Fig. 25i,j,m,n. The distance Π may vary according to the needs, preferably from 15 cm to 900 cm. The distances Π and b comply with the requirement Π l b to be in the range from 1 :1 to 1 :20. The slots 3, 7 can be arranged parallelly to the short side of a rhomboid element or perpendicularly to its long sides (not shown). In the case of curved or arc-shaped elements, slots 3 can be formed, which are arranged on the radius of the curve, or slots 3 can be formed, which are parallel to the short side of elements (not shown too). Figs 25a,b show elements in which the slot 3 is at a third distance A, irrespective of the distances Π or b, and in fig. 26c an element is shown in which the slot 3 is at a fourth distance Θ irrespective of the distances Π, b or A. The distances A and θ are stipulated in the construction plan depending on the architectural design in the range from 0,2b to 10b. Preferably, the distances A and Θ are in the range from 10 cm to 600 cm each one.

The dimensions of the elements can be selected according to the use of the grids and the modules. When they are applied in construction, then they are coordinated with the architectural plan. Their length I may vary depending on the dimensions of the premises, for example 610 cm, 375 cm or 310 cm. Of course, other lengths can also be selected. The thickness C, determined as the widest part of the cross section of the profile of all elements and frames may be identical, for example, 5 cm, and it may vary in the range, for example 0,1 cm - 60 cm depending on the needs. It is suitable to select the height d of the elements depending on the chosen thickness C. For example, the ratio d . C between the height and the thickness of elements is suitable to be in the range from 1 :1 to 60:1 , preferably from 1,5:1 to 60:1 in order to obtain maximal stability. A thickness of only 5 cm at a width of 60 cm can be specified just for an illustration. Respectively, the width of all slots 3 should be in accordance with the thickness of the narrownest part of the elements. It is convenient the depth of the slots to be half of the height of element 1 , 2, but all other combinations are also possible.

The materials from which the elements 1, 2 can be worked out are different, depending on the purpose and combinations of materials are possible for one and the same profile, chosen for example, from profiled steel and other metals, solid wood, multilayer glued wood, OSB (Orientiert Strand Bord) boards and chip boards, cement fibre board sheets, concrete fibre boards, plastics, gypsum fibre board sheets as well as any other known in the art building materials.

In each one of the elements of the grids apertures 14 may be done aiming at fixing installations, apertures may have different form (Fig. 26g). The form and the dimensions of the openings 14 are coordinated with the functions of the element.

It is also possible to build other architectural designs and modules with the elements of the system which are not shown in the drawings. The described examples of model executions and embodiments serve only as an illustration and do not limit the invention ideas whose scope shall be determined only by the scope of the attached patent claims.

Claims

1. Grid module with the form of a polyhedron comprising connecting at least a floor and a ceiling, the floor and the ceiling are in the form of grids, each constructed from elongated elements interlocked through slots,

characterized by the fact that

- at least one of the grids of the ceiling (4) and/or the floor (5) in at least one direction along the length or width of the module have vacant slots (3), the grids being executed in a way that the grid of the floor (5) of one module may penetrate into the grid of the ceiling (4) of another module by interlocking through the vacant slots (3) of the corresponding elements (1 , 2) so that a united grid can be formed;

- the elements (1 , 2) are made of profiled and/or composite beams and/or girders, the widest part of the cross section of the profile forms the thickness of the element.

2. Grid module according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that it also contains at least one wall (6) connecting the floor (5) and the ceiling (4), the walls (6) being grids, made of erect and horizontal elongated elements (1a, 1a', 2a, 2a') intersected through slots respectively along the height and along the width of the walls (6) in a way that the relevant horizontal elements (2a, 2a') lie at a distance from the floor forming various levels and the ends of at least two erect elements (1a, 1 a') from the wall (6) are connected at an angle, preferably 90°, with the ends of the relevant elements of the floor (5) and the ceiling (4).

3. Grid module according to claims 2, characterized by the fact that the horizontal elements (2a, 2a') of at least one of the grids of the walls (6) are with slots (3) arranged one opposite the other in a chess-board order along both long sides of the elements, the slots (3) are arranged at a distance Θ one from the other along the length of the elements, the slots (3) on one side of the elements being vacant and designed to connect through analogous vacant slots (3) of the wall of another module.

4. Grid module according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that the floor (5) and/or the ceiling (4) contains elements with slots arranged one opposite the other in a chess-board order (3) along both long sides of the elements; the slots (3) are arranged at distance b or Π one from the other along the length of the elements, the slots (3) on one side of the elements being vacant and designed to connect through analogous vacant slots with the ceiling (4) or floor (5) of another module.

5. Grid module according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that at least one of the grids of the floor (5) or the ceiling (4) contains first elements (1 , 2) with slots (3), arranged at equal distances Π one from the other; at least one of the grids of the ceiling (4) and/or the floor (5) contains second elements (1 , 2) with slots (3), arranged at distance b one from the other, where the ratio Π : b is in the range from 1 :1 to 1 :20, preferably from 1 :1,5 to 1 :20, the second elongated elements (1 , 2) with the slots at distances b being arranged in a different direction compared to the first elements (1 , 2) with the slots at distances Π, preferably at 90°.

6. Grid module according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the cross section of the profile of the elements (1 , 2) has a narrow middle part (8) and at least one flange (9), and around the slots (3) in the narrow middle part (8) thickening elements (10) are fixed.

7. Grid module according to claim 5, characterized by the fact that the cross section of the profile of the elements (1 , 2) has a narrow middle part (8) and at least one flange (9), the flange (9) around the slots (3) being cut at least on one side of the slot.

8. Grid module according to claim 1 , characterized by the fact that it contains at least one element, in which the slots are arranged one opposite the other along both long sides of elements.

9. A method for interlocking grids of at least two grid modules according to any claim from 1 to 8, characterized by the fact that:

- each grid contains elongated elements (1 ,2) intersected through slots, made of profiled and/or composite beams and/or girders, the widest part of the cross section of the profile forming the thickness of the element, which elements (1 , 2) in at least one direction along the length or width of at least one of the grids have vacant slots (3);

- it includes the step of interlocking of elements (1 , 2) of the grid of one grid module with elements (1 , 2) of the grid of another grid module through the vacant slots (3) of the corresponding elements in a way that the grids penetrate mutually and form one common grid or part of a grid.

10. A method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the grids are walls (6) of the modules and a common wall between two adjacent modules is formed with their interlocking and as necessary, the previous steps are repeated with the grids of other walls (6).

11 A method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the grids are floor (5) of a first module and ceiling (4) of a second module and a common grid is formed from their intersection which serves as a floor of the first module and as a ceiling for the second module in the construction of two adjacent floors of a building and the previous steps are repeated as necessary.

12. A method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the modules contain a floor, a ceiling and a wall between them, they are arranged mirror-like one opposite the other or the walls are at an angle one towards the other, the grids of the floors and the grids of the ceilings of the two modules are interlocked mutually and their interlocked grids form common united grids of or parts of grids, which serve as a common floor and a common ceiling for the two modules in the construction of one premise of a building and the previous steps are repeated as necessary.

13. A method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that before the step of interlocking the elongated elements (1 , 2) of the grid of one grid module with the elongated elements (1 , 2) of the grid of another grid module, the grid modules are built through the inclusion of the steps: arranging parallel one to the other the first elements (1 , 2) with slots (3) at given distances in a way that the slots (3) of one long side of the elements (1 , 2) are directed upwards; intersection through at least one slot (3) and fixing second elements (1 , 2) with slots (3) at other given distances in a way to form a horizontal floor grid (5) with openings of desired dimensions; connecting at an angle turned upwards of the ends of the elements (1 , 2) of the floor (5) at least at one side with the ends of third elements (1 , 2) with slots (3), the slots of one long side of the third elements (1 , 2) being directed outwards; and interlocking the third elements (1 , 2) through at least one slot (3) with fourth elements (1 , 2) with slots (3) in a way to form at least one grid of a ceiling (4), forming a separate module, at least of one of the grids of the ceiling (4) or the floor (5) having vacant slots (3) left for joining the grids of other modules.

14. A method according to claim 3, characterized by the fact that before the construction of the grids of the ceiling (4) the ends of the first and/or of the second elements (1 , 2) of the floor are fixed at an angle to the ends of at least two longitudinal elements with slots (3); interlocking the longitudinal elements through at least one slot (3) with at least one transversal element with slots (3) so that a grid of at least one wall (6) is formed, shaping a separate module, at least of one of the grids of the ceiling (4), the floor (5) or the walls (6) of the module has vacant slots (3) left for joining the grids of other modules.

15. A method according to claim 13 or 14 characterized by the fact that the steps for building the grids of the walls (6) and/or the floor (5) and the ceiling (4) of the module are done in advance; then the ends of the elements of the grid of the floor (5) are fixed to the ends of the elements of the grids of the walls (6), and then the free ends of the grids of the walls (6) are fixed to the ends of the elements of the grid of the ceiling (4).

16. A method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that the modules (M2 and/or M3 and/or M1) are assembled in advance outside the construction site and are transported in assembled form to the construction site where they are interlocked one to another.

17. A method according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that when forming the common grid or part of a grid, at least one dimension along the length or along the width of its openings coincides with the corresponding dimension of the openings of each of the grids.

18. A method according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the vacant slots are arranged only on the elements in one direction.

19. A method according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the vacant slots of the elemenis of one grid at least in the place of interlocking the grids are wider so that two elements along their thickness can be placed in them, and the common grid or part of a grid contains in one of the directions doubled elements.

20. A method according to claim 17, characterized by the fact that the elongated elements of both grids in one of the directions of each grid are of less height, and the slots of the elements in the other direction are arranged one opposite the other along the two long sides of the elements, at that the common grid or part of grid contains in one of the directions a common element, consisting of the elements with reduced height of each grid.