RU2162535C1 - Off-line cogeneration plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermal engineering; heat and power supply to stationary and mobile loads. SUBSTANCE: cogeneration plant using internal-combustion or Stirling engine for direct-cycle energy conversion has engine 1 producing useful energy in the course of its running which is converted into electrical energy by means of electric generator 4 mounted on same shaft. Engine 1 is cooled with water supplied to its cooling jacket 3 from peripheral heat loads 8 over return line 9. Heated coolant is partially supplied from cooling jacket 3 to steam generator 5 that accommodates exhaust-gas line 2. High-pressure steam goes from steam generator 5 to steam-water heating pump 6 where it is mixed up with water coming from line 15 to produce high-temperature and high-pressure water. Hence, hot water is delivered at high pressure over line 10 to peripheral heat loads 8 and further circulates through lines 11, 12, 15. Check valve 17 and control valves 13, 16, 20 are provided to control water flow direction and rate in different lines. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency, reduced size and mass of cogeneration plant. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of power engineering and direct-cycle energy converters (for example, internal combustion engines, Stirling engines), is intended as stand-alone power plants for stationary and mobile objects while generating electricity and heat.

 It is known that for the quick start and stable operation of diesel engines, the temperature of the cooling water must be at least 50 degrees Celsius ("Science and Life" // Scientific and Popular Journal // M., Publishing House "Pravda", N 4, 1984 , p. 56).

 Known is a combined installation based on a Stirling engine with an electric generator on one shaft, fuel supply lines and a heat exchanger for heating the liquid through which the high-temperature gases of the Stirling engine pass, while the heated liquid is transmitted to the external pipelines (Application EPO N 9457399. Abstract journal "Invention of the World ", issue B-65, N 5, 1993, p. 13). However, this installation has a complex system for co-cooling the engine and generator.

 A device of a power plant comprising an internal combustion engine (ICE) with a power consumer shaft through a coupler and a steam turbine utilization system with a working fluid circulation circuit including a steam turbine, condenser, feed pump, and a steam generator located in the ICE high-temperature exhaust gas discharge line is known. (Author's certificate. N 1677360 / Bulletin of inventions N 34 from 15.4.91, p. 141-142). However, this device is not intended to generate thermal energy for heat supply to external consumers.

 A device for a steam-water pump-heater (PNP), designed for use in various industrial technologies using steam, combining the functions of a heater and a pump at the same time. The use of PPS allows you to significantly reduce energy consumption for your own needs and reduce the weight and size characteristics of heat exchangers (Petersburg Energy / newspaper /, N 5 (11), 05.25.99) However, previously a steam-water pump-heater was not used in cogeneration units.

 A device is known for a cogeneration unit designed to simultaneously produce electricity and heat, including an internal combustion engine with an electric generator on one shaft, a fuel supply line, an engine cooling circuit, a heating circuit (heat supply system with heat consumers), a heat exchanger system that transfers heat to the cooling engine fluid and high-temperature exhaust gases to the heating circuit, and the control panel ("Construction Review" // Quality Journal //, St. Petersburg. N 5 (32), May-June 1999, p. 16-17). However, since the engine cooling circuit and the heating circuit are presented as independent closed circuits, it is necessary to introduce additional equipment into the installation, for their interconnection, and an additional circulation pump.

 The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the efficiency of the installation as a whole by reducing energy consumption for its own needs and reducing the overall dimensions of the installation.

 To achieve this technical result, an autonomous steam generating cogeneration power plant including a direct cycle converter (for example, an internal combustion engine or a Stirling engine) with an electric generator on one shaft, a fuel supply line, a heat exchanger-heat utilizer of high-temperature exhaust gases of the engine through which the exhaust gas pipeline passes engine gas, external heat supply system with heat consumers, equipped with a heat exchanger-heat exchanger engine exhaust gas, made in the form of a steam generator, a steam-water heater pump and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature engine exhaust gases, as well as a closed heat supply system that transfers heat from the engine to heat consumers and consists of a high-pressure steam line going from the steam generator to steam-water pump-heater, hot water line coming from the steam-water pump-heater to heat consumers, chilled water return line, I’m going heat from consumers and divided into a line leading to the engine cooling jacket with a control valve and a pump, and a line leading to a steam-water heating pump with a control valve, a check valve and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases from the engine, the exhaust pipe of the engine cooling water, coming from the engine cooling jacket and connected to the line leading to the steam-water pump-heater, after the check valve on it, while the exhaust pipe cooling the engine to It has a jumper with a control valve connecting this line to the steam generator, and the engine exhaust line passes first through the steam generator, and then through the heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases.

 The introduction of a high-temperature engine exhaust heat exchanger-heat exchanger into the autonomous steam-generating cogeneration power plant, made in the form of a steam generator, a steam-water heating pump and a low-temperature engine exhaust heat exchanger-heat exchanger, as well as a closed heat supply system with control valves that ensures heat transfer from the engine to consumers allows you to get a new property, which consists in the possibility of combining the cooling circuit dv tor and heating circuit in a single closed system providing comprehensive utilization of the residual heat of exhaust gases of the engine and the heat of the engine cooling system for heating the external heat consumer and generating high pressure steam for the purpose of its further use for the replacement network pumps and heat exchangers.

 The drawing shows an autonomous steam generator cogeneration unit.

 An autonomous cogeneration electrical installation includes a direct cycle converter (for example, an internal combustion engine) 1 with an exhaust gas line 2 and a cooling jacket 3, an electric generator 4 located on the same shaft as engine 1, a heat exchanger-heat exchanger of heat of high-temperature exhaust gases, made in the form of a steam generator 5, steam-water pump-heater 6, heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases 7, heat consumers 8, as well as a closed system of highways, consisting of high pressure steam trawl 9, going from the steam generator 5 to the steam-water heating pump 6, the hot water line 10, going from the steam-water heating pump 6 to the heat consumers 8, the chilled water return line 11, coming from the heat consumers 8 and divided into line 12 going to the cooling jacket 3 of the engine 1 with a control valve 13 and a pressure-boosting pump 14, and a line 15 going to the steam-water heating pump 6 with a control valve 16, an exhaust valve 17 and a low-temperature heat exchanger-heat exchanger of treated gases 7, the exhaust pipe of the engine cooling water 18, coming from the cooling jacket 3 and connected to the line 15, while the drain pipe of the cooling engine of water 18 has a jumper 19 with a control valve 20 connecting the pipe 18 to the steam generator 5, and the exhaust pipe 2 of engine 1 sequentially passes first through a steam generator 5, and then through a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases 7.

 Autonomous steam generator cogeneration unit operates as follows.

 During operation, engine 1 produces energy that is converted into electrical energy by means of an electric generator 4 located on the same shaft as engine 1. To cool engine 1, water is supplied to external cooling consumers 8 through line 11 and line 12 s via pump 14 in cooling jacket 3; temperature of about 50-70 degrees Celsius. After cooling engine 1, the heated coolant from the cooling jacket 3 via line 18 is partially supplied to the steam generator 5 through a jumper 19 to produce high pressure steam due to heat exchange with high-temperature exhaust gases coming from engine 1 along line 2 and partially to line 15 of line 11 , where it is mixed with chilled water coming from heat consumers 8, pre-heating it. Then this water through line 15 enters the heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases 7, where the water is additionally heated by the residual heat of the low-temperature gases coming from the steam generator 5. From the heat exchanger-utilizer 7, water enters the steam-water pump-heater 6, which is simultaneously supplied from the steam generator 5 High pressure steam enters line 9. Due to the special design and the effect of mixing two-phase vapor-liquid media, the pressure in the steam-water heater pump 6 increases, steam and water mix intensively, followed by hot water with high temperature (100 degrees Celsius) and pressure. Due to this pressure, hot water is supplied through line 10 to external heat consumers 8 and further water circulation in lines 11, 12, 15. A check valve 17 and control valves 13, 16, 20 are provided for regulating the direction and flow of water through the various lines.

Sources of information
1. "Science and life" // Scientific.- popular. Journal //, M., Pravda Publishing House, N 4, 1984, p. 56.

 2. Application EPO N 0457399. The abstract journal "Invention of the World", issue B-65, N 5, 1993, p. 13.

 3. Copyright certificate. N 1677360. Bulletin of inventions N 34 from 04/15/91, p. 141-142.

 4. "Energy of St. Petersburg" // newspaper //, N 5 (11), from 05.25.99

 5. "Construction Review" // Journal of Quality //, St. Petersburg, N 5 (32), May-June 1999, pp. 16-17 - prototype.

Claims (1)

 An autonomous steam generating cogeneration power plant, including a direct cycle converter (for example, an internal combustion engine or a Stirling engine) with an electric generator on one shaft, a fuel supply line, a heat exchanger-heat utilizer of high-temperature engine exhaust gases through which the engine exhaust gas pipeline passes, an external system heat supply with heat consumers, characterized in that it is equipped with a heat exchanger-utilizer of high temperature exhaust gas engine, made in the form of a steam generator, a steam-water pump-heater and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases of the engine, as well as a closed heat supply system that transfers heat from the engine to heat consumers and consists of a high-pressure steam line coming from the steam generator to the steam-water pump-heater , mains of hot water coming from the steam-water pump-heater to heat consumers, mains of returning chilled water, going from consumers to heat and dividing into a line leading to the engine cooling jacket with a control valve and a pump, and a line going to the steam-water heating pump with a control valve, a check valve and a heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature engine exhaust gases, an exhaust pipe of cooling water to the engine coming from the cooling jacket the engine and connected to the line leading to the steam-water pump-heater, after the check valve on it, while the drain pipe of the cooling engine water has a jumper with a regulator a flare valve connecting this line to the steam generator, and the exhaust line of the engine passes first through the steam generator, and then through the heat exchanger-utilizer of low-temperature exhaust gases.