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RU2011118354A - CATALYTIC MATERIALS, PHOTOANODES AND PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS FOR ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES - Google Patents

CATALYTIC MATERIALS, PHOTOANODES AND PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS FOR ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES Download PDF

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RU2011118354A
RU2011118354A RU2011118354/07A RU2011118354A RU2011118354A RU 2011118354 A RU2011118354 A RU 2011118354A RU 2011118354/07 A RU2011118354/07 A RU 2011118354/07A RU 2011118354 A RU2011118354 A RU 2011118354A RU 2011118354 A RU2011118354 A RU 2011118354A
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photoactive electrode
component
catalytic material
anionic
photoactive
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RU2011118354/07A
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Дэниел Г. НОСЕРА (US)
Дэниел Г. НОСЕРА
Мэттью В. КАНАН (US)
Мэттью В. КАНАН
Йогеш СУРЕНДРАНАТХ (US)
Йогеш СУРЕНДРАНАТХ
Стивен Й. РИС (US)
Стивен Й. РИС
Артур Дж. ЭССВАЙН (US)
Артур Дж. ЭССВАЙН
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Массачусетс Инститьют Оф Текнолоджи (Us)
Массачусетс Инститьют Оф Текнолоджи
Сан Каталитикс Корпорейшн (Us)
Сан Каталитикс Корпорейшн
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/01—Products
    • C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
    • C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
    • B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/34—Irradiation by, or application of, electric, magnetic or wave energy, e.g. ultrasonic waves ; Ionic sputtering; Flame or plasma spraying; Particle radiation
    • B01J37/348—Electrochemical processes, e.g. electrochemical deposition or anodisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
    • C25B1/50—Processes
    • C25B1/55—Photoelectrolysis
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M14/00—Electrochemical current or voltage generators not provided for in groups H01M6/00 - H01M12/00; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M14/005—Photoelectrochemical storage cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ формирования фотоанода, включающий: ! предоставление фотоактивного электрода; и ! побуждение металлического ионного компонента, первого типа анионных компонентов, содержащего гидроксидные и/или оксидные ионы, и второго типа анионных компонентов к формированию каталитического материала, связанного с фотоактивным электродом, посредством приложения напряжения к фотоактивному электроду. ! 2. Способ формирования фотоанода, включающий: ! предоставление фотоактивного электрода; и ! побуждение металлического ионного компонента и анионного компонента к формированию каталитического материала, связанного с фотоактивным электродом, посредством приложения напряжения к фотоактивному электроду, при этом напряжение прикладывают к фотоактивному электроду посредством воздействия на фотоактивный электрод электромагнитного излучения. ! 3. Способ формирования фотоанода, включающий: ! предоставление раствора, содержащего ионы кобальта и/или никеля и анионный компонент, содержащий фосфор и/или бор; ! предоставление фотоактивного электрода; и ! побуждение ионов кобальта и/или никеля и анионного компонента, содержащего фосфор и/или бор, к формированию каталитического материала, связанного с фотоактивным электродом, посредством приложения напряжения к фотоактивному электроду. ! 4. Способ получения кислорода из воды, включающий следующие этапы: ! предоставление фотоэлектрохимической ячейки, содержащей: ! фотоактивный электрод; ! электролит; и ! каталитический материал, полностью связанный с фотоактивным электродом, данный каталитический материал содержит металлический ионный компонент и анионный компонен 1. A method of forming a photoanode, including:! provision of a photoactive electrode; and! causing the metal ionic component, the first type of anionic components containing hydroxide and / or oxide ions, and the second type of anionic components to form a catalytic material associated with the photoactive electrode by applying a voltage to the photoactive electrode. ! 2. A method of forming a photoanode, including:! provision of a photoactive electrode; and! causing the metal ionic component and the anionic component to form a catalytic material associated with the photoactive electrode by applying a voltage to the photoactive electrode, wherein a voltage is applied to the photoactive electrode by exposing the photoactive electrode to electromagnetic radiation. ! 3. A method of forming a photoanode, including:! providing a solution containing cobalt and / or nickel ions and an anionic component containing phosphorus and / or boron; ! provision of a photoactive electrode; and! causing the cobalt and / or nickel ions and the phosphorus and / or boron anionic component to form a catalytic material associated with the photoactive electrode by applying a voltage to the photoactive electrode. ! 4. A method for obtaining oxygen from water, including the following steps:! provision of a photoelectrochemical cell containing:! photoactive electrode; ! electrolyte; and! catalytic material fully bonded to the photoactive electrode, this catalytic material contains a metallic ionic component and an anionic component

Claims (11)

1. Способ формирования фотоанода, включающий:1. The method of forming a photoanode, including: предоставление фотоактивного электрода; иprovision of a photoactive electrode; and побуждение металлического ионного компонента, первого типа анионных компонентов, содержащего гидроксидные и/или оксидные ионы, и второго типа анионных компонентов к формированию каталитического материала, связанного с фотоактивным электродом, посредством приложения напряжения к фотоактивному электроду.inducing a metal ionic component, a first type of anionic components containing hydroxide and / or oxide ions, and a second type of anionic components to form a catalytic material bonded to the photoactive electrode by applying voltage to the photoactive electrode. 2. Способ формирования фотоанода, включающий:2. A method of forming a photo anode, including: предоставление фотоактивного электрода; иprovision of a photoactive electrode; and побуждение металлического ионного компонента и анионного компонента к формированию каталитического материала, связанного с фотоактивным электродом, посредством приложения напряжения к фотоактивному электроду, при этом напряжение прикладывают к фотоактивному электроду посредством воздействия на фотоактивный электрод электромагнитного излучения.causing the metal ion component and the anion component to form a catalytic material bonded to the photoactive electrode by applying voltage to the photoactive electrode, wherein voltage is applied to the photoactive electrode by exposing the photoactive electrode to electromagnetic radiation. 3. Способ формирования фотоанода, включающий:3. A method of forming a photo anode, including: предоставление раствора, содержащего ионы кобальта и/или никеля и анионный компонент, содержащий фосфор и/или бор;providing a solution containing cobalt and / or nickel ions and an anionic component containing phosphorus and / or boron; предоставление фотоактивного электрода; иprovision of a photoactive electrode; and побуждение ионов кобальта и/или никеля и анионного компонента, содержащего фосфор и/или бор, к формированию каталитического материала, связанного с фотоактивным электродом, посредством приложения напряжения к фотоактивному электроду.inducing cobalt and / or nickel ions and an anionic component containing phosphorus and / or boron to form catalytic material bonded to the photoactive electrode by applying a voltage to the photoactive electrode. 4. Способ получения кислорода из воды, включающий следующие этапы:4. A method of producing oxygen from water, comprising the following steps: предоставление фотоэлектрохимической ячейки, содержащей:providing a photoelectrochemical cell containing: фотоактивный электрод;photoactive electrode; электролит; иelectrolyte; and каталитический материал, полностью связанный с фотоактивным электродом, данный каталитический материал содержит металлический ионный компонент и анионный компонент, и при этом каталитический материал содержит металлический ионный компонент, первый тип анионных компонентов, содержащий гидроксидные и/или оксидные ионы, и второй тип анионных компонентов; иa catalytic material fully bonded to the photoactive electrode, the catalytic material contains a metal ion component and an anion component, and the catalytic material contains a metal ion component, a first type of anionic components containing hydroxide and / or oxide ions, and a second type of anionic components; and облучение фотоэлектрохимической ячейки электромагнитным излучением, чтобы посредством этого получать кислород из воды.irradiating the photoelectrochemical cell with electromagnetic radiation to thereby obtain oxygen from water. 5. Фотоанод, содержащий:5. Photoanode containing: фотоактивный электрод; иphotoactive electrode; and каталитический материал, связанный с фотоактивным электродом и содержащий ионы кобальта и/или ионы никеля и анионный компонент, содержащий фосфор и/или бор.catalytic material associated with a photoactive electrode and containing cobalt ions and / or nickel ions and an anionic component containing phosphorus and / or boron. 6. Фотоанод, содержащий:6. Photoanode containing: фотоактивный электрод, содержащий фотоактивную композицию, иa photoactive electrode containing a photoactive composition, and каталитический материал, содержащий металлический ионный компонент, первый тип анионных компонентов и второй тип анионных компонентов, в котором металлический ионный компонент в состоянии окисления (n+x) и первый тип и/или второй тип анионных компонентов образуют по существу некристаллическую композицию и имеют величину Ksp, которая меньше, по меньшей мере в 103 раз, чем величина Ksp композиции, содержащей металлический ионный компонент в состоянии окисления (n) и первый тип и/или второй тип анионных компонентов.a catalytic material containing a metal ionic component, a first type of anionic components and a second type of anionic components, in which the metal ionic component in the oxidized state (n + x) and the first type and / or second type of anionic components form a substantially non-crystalline composition and have a K value sp , which is at least 10 3 times less than the K sp value of the composition containing the metal ionic component in the oxidized state (n) and the first type and / or second type of anionic components. 7. Фотоанод, содержащий:7. A photo anode containing: фотоактивный электрод, содержащий фотоактивную композицию, иa photoactive electrode containing a photoactive composition, and каталитический материал, содержащий металлический ионный компонент и анионный компонент, в котором металлический ионный компонент в состоянии окисления (n+x) и анионный компонент образуют по существу некристаллическую композицию и имеют величину Ksp, при pH менее чем 11, которая меньше по меньшей мере в 103 раз, чем величина Ksp композиции, содержащей металлический ионный компонент в состоянии окисления (n) и анионный компонент.a catalytic material containing a metal ionic component and an anionic component in which the metalic ionic component in the oxidized state (n + x) and the anionic component form a substantially non-crystalline composition and have a K sp value, at a pH of less than 11, which is less than at least 10 3 times the K sp value of the composition containing the metal ionic component in the oxidized state (n) and the anionic component. 8. Фотоанод, содержащий:8. A photo anode containing: фотоактивный электрод; иphotoactive electrode; and каталитический материал, содержащий металлический ионный компонент и анионный компонент, при этом каталитический материал сформирован приложением напряжения к фотоактивному электроду, и при этом каталитический материал содержит металлический ионный компонент, первый тип анионных компонентов, содержащий гидроксидные и/или оксидные ионы, и второй тип анионных компонентов.a catalytic material containing a metal ionic component and an anionic component, wherein the catalytic material is formed by applying a voltage to the photoactive electrode, and the catalytic material contains a metal ionic component, a first type of anionic components containing hydroxide and / or oxide ions, and a second type of anionic components . 9. Фотоэлектрохимическая ячейка, содержащая:9. A photoelectrochemical cell containing: фотоанод, содержащий фотоактивный электрод и каталитический материал, содержащий металлический ионный компонент и анионный компонент, при этом каталитический материал содержит металлический ионный компонент, первый тип анионных компонентов, содержащий гидроксидные и/или оксидные ионы, и второй тип анионных компонентов;a photoanode containing a photoactive electrode and a catalytic material containing a metal ionic component and an anionic component, the catalytic material containing a metal ionic component, a first type of anionic components containing hydroxide and / or oxide ions, and a second type of anionic components; второй электрод; иsecond electrode; and электролит.electrolyte. 10. Способ получения кислорода и/или водорода из воды, включающий следующие этапы:10. A method of producing oxygen and / or hydrogen from water, comprising the following steps: предоставление устройства, содержащего:providing a device comprising: фотоактивный электрод, содержащий каталитический материал;a photoactive electrode containing catalytic material; электролит; иelectrolyte; and воду при pH воды от примерно 3 до примерно 11;water at a pH of from about 3 to about 11; облучение устройства светом, чтобы получать кислород из воды, при этом общий кпд преобразования энергии устройством при облучении смоделированным излучением AM 1,5, составляет по меньшей мере примерно 1,0%.irradiating the device with light in order to obtain oxygen from water, with a total energy conversion efficiency of the device irradiated with simulated radiation of AM 1.5, at least about 1.0%. 11. Устройство для получения кислорода и/или водорода из воды, содержащее:11. A device for producing oxygen and / or hydrogen from water, containing: фотоактивную композицию; иphotoactive composition; and электролит, при pH от примерно 2 до примерно 12, находящийся в соприкосновении с возможностью протекания электрохимических реакций с фотоактивной композицией,an electrolyte, at a pH of from about 2 to about 12, in contact with the possibility of electrochemical reactions with the photoactive composition, при этом устройство функционирует с общей эффективностью преобразования энергии, при облучении смоделированным излучением AM 1,5, составляющей по меньшей мере примерно 1,0%. however, the device operates with a total energy conversion efficiency when irradiated with simulated radiation of AM 1.5 of at least about 1.0%.
RU2011118354/07A 2008-10-08 2009-10-08 CATALYTIC MATERIALS, PHOTOANODES AND PHOTOELECTRIC CELLS FOR ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER AND OTHER ELECTROCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGIES RU2011118354A (en)

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