RU2054977C1 - Grain and seeds after harvesting treatment method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: after preliminary and primary cleaning grain material is fed to secondary cleaning. In the case preliminary, primary and secondary cleanings are exercised by air-lattice machines. At stage of secondary cleaning grain material is separated by grain size for three fractions ( big-size, medium size and small size). Then produced big size and medium size fractions are separately treated by correspondingly wild oats and pupa grain cleaners. Cleaned from impurities big size, medium size and small size grain fractions are separately fed for drying in bunkers of active ventilation. Then big size and medium grain fractions are separately fed to final cleaning by air-lattice machines. EFFECT: increased quality of grain cleaning. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to technological processes of post-harvest processing of grain and seeds, mainly cereals.

 A known method of post-harvest processing of grain and seeds, including the preliminary cleaning of grain heaps, drying, primary cleaning, secondary cleaning and sorting.

 The method has the following disadvantages.

 Drying of grain and seeds is carried out after preliminary cleaning of the heap, which is carried out on the simplest air-sieve machines of the brand ZD-10.000 or MPO-50, which do not have sowing sieves and separate only light and large impurities from the heap (dust, floor, spikelets, plant stems and etc.). Small impurities, consisting mainly of weed seeds that are wetter than the main grain, enter the active ventilation bins and dryers together with the grain, fill the intergranular spaces of the embankments and compact them, significantly increasing the resistance to air passage, especially in the lower layers.

 Raw and unrefined grain, warming up, releases a lot of moisture, which moisturizes the dust remaining in the grain mass and contributes to its adhesion on the surface of the walls and boxes of the dryer, which increases the resistance to movement of the grain mass.

 The compacted grain mass loses its mobility (flowability) and coalesces. As a result, dead zones, arches, freezes appear in the dryers, leading to a violation of the flow regime of the grain flow, and, consequently, to a violation of the drying regime and damage to the grain.

 Dryers receive grain that is heterogeneous in size, ripeness, humidity, hygroscopicity, thermal diffusivity, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, which leads to overdrying of ripe grains and under-drying of immature ones.

 Drying of small impurities, which are ballasts of the main grain, leads to a decrease in the productivity of the dryer and all machines technologically connected with it, to an increase in the cost of thermal and electric energy.

 Cereal flow passes sequentially through the oat and puppet cylinders of the trireme block. At the same time, each of them can be loaded with the wrong material: first, the oatmeal cylinder moves the grain of the middle fraction as ballast, and then the puppet cylinder moves the grain of the large fraction as ballast. Such useless movement of the grain mass leads to a 2-fold decrease in the performance of the block of trimers, to an increase in grain trauma, wear of the cylinder cells, and energy consumption.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the productivity and efficiency of the post-harvest processing of grain and seeds.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that at the first stage of processing the grain heap is cleaned of all impurities: preliminary and primary cleaning is carried out on air-sieve machines having at least two tiers of sieves, for example, Petkus-Giant K-531/1 without trimeric cylinders or ZVS-20A, on which light, large and small impurities are separated from the main grain; secondary cleaning is carried out on air-sieve machines having at least three tiers of sieves, for example, K 547A or SVU-10, on which the remaining light, large and small impurities are separated from the main grain and the grain mass is divided into three fractions by grain size ( flow) of large, medium and small grains, fractions of large and medium grains are cleaned on blocks of triers, for example K-236A or ZAV-10.90.000A, equipped as follows: some blocks are only with oatmeal cylinders, others only with puppet cylinders; at the second processing stage, the grains of all three fractions are dried to the required conditions in the active ventilation bins, for example, BV-40A, with the drying agent supplied to each of them with the required temperature for the required time, which is established by the flow rate of the grain flow from the hopper; at the third stage, final cleaning of grains of large and medium fractions is carried out on air-sieve machines having at least one tier of sieves, for example, Petkus-Giant K-531/1 without indented cylinders or ZD-10.000, on which they are separated from the main grain light impurities that appeared during drying (dust, flooring) and reduced in size to less than the standard grain as a result of moisture release, while replanting the coarse fraction is sent to the second treatment along with the middle fraction, and replanting the middle fraction together with the fine fraction for fodder.

 The drawing shows a diagram by which the proposed method.

 The method is as follows.

 The grain heap received from the combines is unloaded to the reception, temporary storage and cleaning area, preliminary and primary cleaning of the heap is carried out on air-sieve machines with at least two tiers of sieves, for example, Petkus-Giant K-531/1 without indented cylinders or ZVS-20A, on which light, large and small impurities are separated from the main grain; secondary cleaning is carried out on air-sieve machines having at least three tiers of sieves, for example K-547A or SVU-10, on which the remaining light, large and small impurities are separated from the main grain and grain size is divided into three large fractions , medium and small grains, while the fractions of large and medium grains are cleaned on blocks of triers, for example K-236A or ZAV-10.90.000A, equipped with: some blocks only with oatmeal cylinders, others only with puppet cylinders; the grains of all three fractions are fed into separate active ventilation bins, for example BV-40A, and dried with each agent supplied with a drying agent of a mixture of flue gases with air, the required temperature for the required time, set by the rate of flow of the grain flow from the hopper; grains of large and medium fractions dried to the required condition are finally cleaned on air-sieve machines having at least one tier of sieves, for example, Petkus-Giant K-531/1 without trimeric cylinders or ZD-10.000, on which they are separated from the main grain light impurities that appeared during drying (dust, flooring) and reduced in size to less than the standard grain as a result of moisture release, while replanting the coarse fraction is sent to the second treatment along with the middle fraction, and replanting the middle fraction is sent to the forage, the main Large and medium fractions are fed into storage bins, from where they enter the weighing machines, for example, DVK-50P, and are packed in bags, bags are sewn up on bag sewing machines, for example ZZE-M, placed on wooden pallets and transported by truck to a temporary place storage either in the seed store or grain from the storage bunkers is poured into the bodies of vehicles and transported in bulk to the warehouse; dried feed grain is fed to the storage hopper, poured into the vehicle body and transported to the warehouse; light impurities are fed through air ducts to cyclones installed above the storage hopper, large and small impurities are fed to storage hoppers, then all these impurities are poured into the bodies of vehicles and transported to the place of disposal.

The proposed method in comparison with the generally accepted method allows:
to increase the productivity of the purification production line by 2 times due to an increase in the productivity of the blocks of trimers by treating each fraction separately on them;
increase the productivity of active ventilation bunkers, since each of them processes only useful material and, moreover, with approximately the same biological and physico-mechanical properties;
to improve the quality of drying by creating a normal temperature and time regime for each grain fraction;
reduce mechanical and thermophysical trauma to the grain and thereby increase the yield of seed material;
to simplify and facilitate the automation of the control system and process control due to the homogeneity of the biological and physico-mechanical properties of each fraction, allowing the use of devices that are simpler in design.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR POST-HARVESTING PROCESSING OF GRAIN AND SEEDS, including preliminary, primary and secondary cleaning on air-sieve machines, tripping and drying, characterized in that the secondary cleaning is carried out with the separation of grain mass by grain size into three fractions - large, medium and small, large and the middle fractions are treated separately on respectively oat and puppet trier blocks, then all three fractions are dried separately, after which the large and medium fractions are sent separately for final cleaning stuffy sieve machines.

Images