RU2777102C1 - Method for post-harvest processing of grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for post-harvest processing of crops. The method includes preliminary cleaning and separation of small weeds on two centrifugal sieve separators with two tiers of cylindrical sieves installed in series one after another with further grain supply for trier cleaning. On the first separator, on the upper tier, sieves with oblong holes of 2.0-2.2 mm are installed, and on the lower tier with round holes with a diameter of 6.5-8.0 mm. On the second centrifugal-sieve separator on the upper tier, sieves with round holes with a diameter of 3.6-4.0 mm are installed, and on the lower tier - a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5.0-5.25 mm.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the efficiency of grain cleaning from hard-to-separate impurities.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used for post-harvest cleaning of grain intended for food purposes.

There is a method of post-harvest processing of grain, including its preliminary cleaning, separation of small and weedy impurities on sieve machines with several tiers of sieves, further supply of grain for screen cleaning. This method is incorporated into the design of the ZAV-25 grain cleaning unit with a capacity of 25 t/h. The unit includes preliminary cleaning of the grain heap with the release of large and light impurities, primary cleaning in an air sieve machine with two sieve mills with the release of fodder waste and trier cleaning with the release of hard-to-separate impurities. To perform these technological operations, the unit is equipped with a pre-cleaner MPO, an air screen machine and two trier blocks. The disadvantages of this method is the low productivity and efficiency of grain cleaning from hard-to-separate impurities, since the screening blocks cannot cope with the complete separation of long and short impurities, especially with a high content of these impurities in the original grain material. In order to achieve the required cleaning quality, the grain supply to the screening blocks is reduced or the sequential operation of the screening screens in the production line is used, that is, double screening is done. It is known that screen cleaning is a limiting link in the aggregate.

There is a method of post-harvest processing of grain, including its preliminary cleaning, separation of small and weedy impurities on sieve machines with several tiers of sieves, further supply of grain for trier cleaning (RU No. 2191639, 27.10.2002).

The disadvantage of this method is the insufficiently high quality of grain cleaning, tk. screen blocks cannot cope with the complete separation of long and short impurities, especially when cleaning a heavily clogged grain heap. Moreover, this is typical even when they work with low productivity.

The closest in its technical essence is the method of post-harvest processing of grain, including its preliminary cleaning, separation of small and weedy impurities on sieve machines with several tiers of sieves, further supply of grain for trier cleaning (RU No. 2352099, 04/20/2009).

The disadvantages of this method is that, despite the fact that it contains additional equipment (pneumatic sorting tables) placed in front of the trier blocks, it is not possible to achieve the desired results, because according to the authors of this invention themselves, it is problematic to separate long and short impurities on pneumotables, and all the work on their separation falls again on the trier block. In addition, the proposed method according to patent RU No. 2352099 provides for the installation of additional equipment, which leads to additional costs leading to an increase in the cost of the cleaning process.

The problem solved by the invention is to provide conditions for increasing the productivity and efficiency of the process of cleaning grain with trier blocks from short and long impurities at their high content in the original grain heap.

The technical essence of the proposed invention lies in the preparation of the "enrichment" of the grain mixture entering the trier block with a centrifugal sieve separator with specially selected sizes and shapes of cylindrical sieve openings.

Such a separator for separating short and long impurities is not used anywhere.

The present problem is solved by the fact that in the method of post-harvest processing of grain, including its preliminary cleaning, the separation of small and weedy impurities on sieve machines with several tiers of sieves, the further supply of grain for screening cleaning, preliminary cleaning and the separation of small and weedy impurities are carried out on successively installed each after the other two centrifugal-sieve separators with two tiers of cylindrical sieves, on the first separator on the upper tier, sieves with oblong holes of 2.0-2.2 mm are installed, and on the lower tier with round holes with a diameter of 6.5-8.0 mm , while on the second centrifugal-sieve separator on the upper tier, sieves with round holes with a diameter of 3.6-4.0 mm are installed, and on the lower tier, a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5.0-5.25 mm.

In FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the proposed method.

In FIG. 2 shows a centrifugal screen separator.

The grain cleaning technology on the unit includes the reception of a grain heap, preliminary centrifugal-sieve cleaning from non-grain impurities, centrifugal-sieve cleaning with the release of substandard seeds and hard-to-separate impurities, triering with cleaning from short and long impurities and the release of cleaned grain into the appropriate bunkers, receiving impurities after centrifugal-sieve cleaning in the mode of puppet and oat picker and screen cleaning in the feed waste bin, as well as transportation and supply of grain for processing according to technological operations. Dusty waste is collected in a separate bin installed outside the unit building.

The essence of the technology lies in the fact that in the set and installation of machines that implements it in the order of the technological sequence of machines and equipment, including a blockage pit 1, a loading elevator 2 with a hopper 3 having a grain drain, a centrifugal screen separator (I) for preliminary cleaning, operating in in the mode of a heap cleaner, an intermediate bucket elevator 13, a centrifugal sieve separator (II), operating in the mode of a puppet and oat separator, a final bucket elevator 19, with a hopper - distributor 20, a trier block 21 and 22 with an auger 23, as well as hoppers of non-grain waste 27, feed grain 28, cleaned grain 29, dusty waste 26, with cyclones 24, 25 installed on it, transporting devices and grain pipelines to ensure the technological process, the second centrifugal sieve separator installed in front of the trieres performs the function of an enricher.

Our studies using the principle of enrichment of the grain mixture gave positive results in the cleaning of a grain heap with a high content of hard-to-separate impurities that are difficult to distinguish on the cellular working surfaces of cylindrical trieres. The inventive method for post-harvest processing of grain is based on the most efficient use of the field of centrifugal forces, which contribute to the intensification of the process of sieve separation and trieration.

The unit that implements the method works as follows.

The original grain mixture of standard moisture content is unloaded into the pit 1 (Fig. 1), and from there it is fed by the loading elevator 2 to the centrifugal sieve separator (I), operating in the pre-cleaning mode. The aspiration system of the machine with an annular pneumatic separating channel 4 separates light impurities that enter the settling chamber 5 and then through the inlet valve 7 into the non-grain waste hopper 27, and the dusty waste is sent by the fan 6 through the pipeline to the cyclone 24 and then to the hopper 26. After the air cleaning, the grain material is fed to the sieve cleaning, where small impurities are released on the undersowing sieve 8, and large impurities are released on the grain sieve 9. Through nozzles 10 and 11, these impurities are removed from the machine and sent to the non-grain waste hopper 27.

The pre-cleaned grain material, through the pipe 12, is removed from the pre-cleaning machine and sent to the intermediate elevator 13, which feeds it to the centrifugal sieve separator II, operating in the mode of the puppet and oat separator to clean not only the remaining weed and grain impurities after preliminary cleaning , but also the separation of short and long impurities on sieves 14 and 15, respectively. the valve 7 is sent to the feed waste bin 28, and the dusty waste is transported by the fan 6 through the pipeline to the 25 cyclone and further to the 26 bin. 17 in are removed from the machine and enter the feed waste hopper 28. The cleaned base material, through the pipe 18, is removed from the machine and sent to the final elevator 19 and then to the trier block with 21 puppet and 22 ovsyuzhny cylinders for final cleaning from short (puppet) and long (oats) of impurities sent by the screw 23 to the feed grain hopper 28. The cleaned grain is sent to the clean grain bin 29. The described full-flow grain cleaning technology is typical when a grain heap with a large initial contamination with hard-to-separate impurities arrives. If the initial clogging of the grain heap with hard-to-separate impurities is low, then the cleaned material is brought to the quality requirements of marketable grain using only centrifugal-sieve separation and is sent to the cleaned grain bin 29 by means of the distribution hopper 20, while achieving the maximum performance of the unit.

The centrifugal screen separators used in the claimed grain cleaning unit have passed production tests, and the trier block is a serial machine.

In the centrifugal-sieve separator (I), operating in the pre-cleaning mode, a sieve 8 with oblong holes ∅2.0-2.2 mm is installed on the upper tier, and a sieve 9 with round holes ∅6.5-8 is installed on the lower tier, 0 mm.

To operate the centrifugal-sieve separator (II) (Fig. 2) in the puppet and oat separator mode, the following are installed: on the upper tier, a sieve 14 with round holes ∅3.6-4.0 mm, and on the lower tier, a sieve 15 with round holes ∅5 .0-5.25 mm.

To improve the efficiency of the trier block when cleaning grain from short and long impurities, these distinguishing features are necessary and sufficient conditions for achieving the goal.

Claims (1)

The method of post-harvest processing of grain, including its preliminary cleaning, the separation of small and weedy impurities on sieve machines with several tiers of sieves, the further supply of grain for screening cleaning, characterized in that preliminary cleaning and the separation of small weedy impurities are carried out on two centrifugally installed one after another - sieve separators with two tiers of cylindrical sieves, on the first separator on the upper tier, sieves with oblong holes of 2.0-2.2 mm are installed, and on the lower tier with round holes with a diameter of 6.5-8.0 mm, while on on the second centrifugal-sieve separator, sieves with round holes with a diameter of 3.6-4.0 mm are installed on the upper tier, and a sieve with round holes with a diameter of 5.0-5.25 mm is installed on the lower tier.

Images