RU178506U1 - CULTIVATOR INJECTOR ROTARY - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to machines for agrochemical servicing of agriculture, in particular to machines for subsoil-tape application of liquid humic and other fertilizers with simultaneous loosening of the surface soil layer, cutting weeds, planting crop residues with the possibility of aggregation with grain seeders for ordinary and continuous sowing of all types of cereals and small seed crops (wheat, barley, oats, rapeseed, peas, soybeans, alfalfa, etc.), using seed-only hoppers for grain. This is ensured by the fact that the rotary cultivator-injector mounted with a wheeled tractor contains a box-shaped frame, inside of which rotor shafts having cutting feeding knives rotate in bearing bearings and which are kinematically connected with the tractor PTO, and the box-shaped frame with a drive gearbox is arrow-shaped. At the same time, rotors with knives rotating in different directions have the ability to remove foreign objects in different directions that fall in the direction of movement of the unit forward. The arrow-shaped frame is installed together with a hinged spatial structure, screw pairs for deepening rotors with feeding knives into the soil and supporting wheels on a three-point linkage connected to the tractor. The injector cultivator has a hydraulic system with a supply tank, a pump and control and regulatory equipment to maintain the rate of liquid fertilizer application per hectare. The spatial hinge structure is made in the form of a Watt articulated four-link linear guide mechanism that allows the rotor to move to a vertical depth close to the straight line specified by the screw pairs. Liquid fertilizers come from the hydraulic system through the holes and cavities of the rotors and knives into the plane of rotation of these knives to a given depth. As a result of the use of the present invention, it became possible to combine the introduction of liquid fertilizers with the primary treatment of the field, which is a cost-effective technique, as it allows you to use less equipment, which means that fuel and lubricants are reduced and labor costs are reduced, and multiple soil load is reduced. At the same time, fertilizers have the best positional availability. Fertilizer placed by the subsoil tape way to a depth lower than the sowing depth will be more quickly intercepted by the roots of the crop, as it is located near moisture, which persists for a longer period of time than in the surface soil layer. As a result of locally tape application of liquid fertilizers, crop yields significantly increase with a decrease in the number of fertilizers by 15-20%, especially in arid conditions.

Description

The utility model relates to machines for agrochemical servicing of agriculture, in particular to machines for subsoil tape application of liquid humic and other fertilizers with simultaneous loosening of the surface soil layer, cutting weeds, planting crop residues with the possibility of aggregation with grain seeders for row and continuous sowing of all types cereals and small seeds (wheat, barley, oats, canola, peas, soybeans, alfalfa, etc.) using seed drums only for grain.

There are three most common ways to fertilize: primary, sowing, and top dressing. In the main application, use domestic cars (MBU-1200, RUN-0.5 N, RUN-1.0 N, RUN-0.8 K, MVU-5, RMU-900) and foreign production "Agrex" (Italy ", “Pouck”, “Amazone” Germany, as well as the Republic of Belarus, which spread fertilizers on the field surface with a working width of 10-42 m, and then plant them in the soil with heavy harrows, cultivators or plows. When planted with harrows and cultivators, fertilizers are located in the upper layer soil to a depth of 8 cm, when plowing with plows with skimmers, they are mainly laid in the lower zone of the arable layer.

During sowing and planting, granular fertilizers are introduced into the rows with combined seeders and planting machines. The seeds of most crops should be isolated when fertilizing from fertilizer soil layer.

The main way to make more than 2/3 of mineral granular fertilizers.

Pneumatic automobile (ARUP-8) and tractor (RUE-8) spreaders are used for sieving dust-based fertilizers on the soil surface. For pneumatic loading, spreaders are equipped with an installation and control system for a shut-off and spray device, which are installed on ZIL-130V1 automobile tractors or T-150 and K 700 tractors.

Depending on the availability of machines, the distance of delivery of fertilizers in the field, the dose of application and other factors, the following technological schemes of operation of the units are used: direct-flow, reloading and transshipment. Direct-flow technology provides for the application of fertilizers according to the scheme of the warehouse-application machine - field-spreading. According to the reloading scheme - transporter - reloader - application machine - field. Fertilizers prepared for application at the loading warehouse - loading is loaded into vehicles, delivered to the field and then loaded onto the truck body for application. Overload occurs at the edge of the field.

Transshipment technology for bulk fertilizers provides for fertilizer application according to the scheme warehouse - dump truck - transshipment platform - spreading machine - field. Granular mineral fertilizers are loaded at the warehouse by loaders into cars — dump trucks or tractor trailers, which deliver fertilizers to the field and unload them at the edge of the fertilized area to a specially prepared site. From heaps of fertilizer, a tractor loader is immersed in a spreading machine. If fertilizers are delivered in soft containers, a crane will be needed to load the technological machines by cutting the bottom of the container with a special knife.

As can be seen from the above, the surface application of solid mineral fertilizers requires special expensive equipment for application, frontal loaders for loading fertilizers in warehouses, transportation and reloading into application machines.

The most characteristic physical and chemical properties of mineral fertilizers that affect the operation of machines include bulk density, particle size distribution, flowability, angle of repose, hygroscopicity (moisture capacity), stickiness, caking, clumping (viscosity), dispersibility, speed of soaring (windage coefficient friction coefficient). To maintain the optimal physicochemical properties of mineral fertilizers, to evenly distribute them across the field, additional machines and devices, as well as storage facilities, are additionally required.

Machines for continuous centrifugal application of mineral fertilizers have recently made up the bulk of all machines designed for this purpose. The operating conditions of mineral fertilizer spreaders are characterized by increased dust content in the working area, which is fraught with drift of fertilizers in the wind and violation of safety regulations, and the use of surface fertilizers contributes to the germination of weed seeds present in a layer saturated with nutrients.

Thus, the existing methods of surface application of granular mineral fertilizers are laborious and require large financial costs.

In this case, attention should be paid to the climatic interaction of fertilizers, seeds and soil. Scattered, superficial fertilizer application is ineffective if the soil surface remains dry for 2-3 weeks after the emergence of crop sprouts. In this case, the roots do not sprout because do not receive nutrients at an early stage of growth because these substances are above the seeding point

In the years of optimal humidity conditions during sowing, when timely precipitation occurs within a few weeks, the seeds of the crop let out small sprouts where nutrients are concentrated after spreading fertilizers in a scattering manner. If a normal period of moisture is followed by a dry period, crops without a deep-rooted developed root system will not be able to use subsoil moisture during a drought.

Known cultivator for tape application KL - 4,2-00 (ZAO "Kolnag", Kolomna), containing a frame, 7 sections with interchangeable working bodies, 2 tanks for working solution, a system of hoses, tees and taps with working bodies in the form lancet and hilling paws, feeding tubes, feeding knives, cone and slot nozzles and aggregated with tractors of class 0.9-1.4.

The disadvantage of this cultivator is the small area of the liquid processed by the liquid with the number of rows processed 6, the lack of the possibility of sealing up crop residues to reduce erosion and preserve moisture between the rows.

Closest to the proposed utility model in its technical essence is the cultivator-injectors "Dalton - DW - 60-37, USA and its analogous" Dalton - DW - 6042 for the introduction of anhydrous ammonia (Promising technology for the agricultural sector / V.F. Fedorenko [and dr.] - M .: Federal State Institution "Rosinformagrotech", 2009. - 360 s), which provide an increase in the yield of corn 4.4 c / ha. "Dalton - DW - 6037 contains mounted horizontal drive shafts with 25 cutters for cutting soil, closing pairs of discs in the amount of 25 pieces with row spacing of 45 cm, 25 injectors, control and regulation equipment and capacity for working fluid. The disadvantage of this cultivator-injector is a row local local soil fertilization, excluding continuous sowing of agricultural crops and requiring preliminary loosening of the soil, as well as the absence of cutting crop residues.

The objective of the utility model is to create a machine for subsoil tape fertilizing prior to sowing in order to place liquid fertilizers below the point of sowing seeds, loosening and mixing the soil and the possibility of seeding crop residues in order to weaken moisture evaporation from the soil surface, prevent soil crust formation, inhibit weed germination and removal in different directions of foreign objects that fall in the path of movement of the aggregated utility model forward.

As a result of the use of the proposed utility model, it became possible to combine the introduction of liquid fertilizers with the primary field treatment, which is a cost-effective technique, as it allows you to use less equipment, which means that fuel and lubricants are reduced and labor costs are reduced, and the load on the soil is reduced. At the same time, fertilizers have the best positional availability. Fertilizer placed by the subsoil tape way to a depth lower than the sowing depth will be more quickly intercepted by the roots of the crop, as it is located near moisture, which persists for a longer period of time than in the surface soil layer. As a result of locally tape application of liquid fertilizers, crop yields significantly increase with a decrease in the number of fertilizers by 15-20%, especially in arid conditions and significantly reduces weed germination. In addition, the subsoil application of liquid fertilizers of the proposed utility model allows for complete mechanization of loading and unloading operations and an increase in the productivity of machines by 1.5-2 times compared with the use of solid fertilizers, avoids liming of the soil after repeated use of humates, increases the soil's water-holding capacity and stability to the action of chemical pollutants, stimulates the activity of beneficial microorganisms.

As a result of using the proposed utility model when combining the application of liquid fertilizers with simultaneous cultivation of the soil, it became possible to simultaneously use the utility model with commercially available grain seeders with a narrow-row (6.5-8.5 cm) method of sowing seeds of grain, leguminous and other crops with simultaneous the introduction of granulated fertilizers and seeds into the sowing grooves.

The task is achieved in that the rotary cultivator-injector rotary semi-mounted for subsoil tape application of liquid humic fertilizers with simultaneous loosening of the surface soil layer, cutting weeds, closing the crop residues after plowing, containing a swept box-shaped frame with a gearbox, inside of which there are mouth shafts with bearings knives, and the shafts are kinematically connected with the tractor power take-off shaft, the box-shaped frame is installed together with a hinged spatial with a three-point linkage attached to the tractor and a three-point linkage attached to the tractor, and a screw pair is installed on the articulated spatial design and three-point linkage to deepen the rotors into the soil, in addition, a hydraulic system with a supply tank and control and regulation equipment are installed in front of the tractor to maintain the application rate liquid fertilizer per hectare. At the same time, the spatial hinge structure is made in the form of a Watt articulated four-link rectilinear guiding mechanism, the hydraulic system is connected to the rotor knives through the holes and cavities of the rotors, and the box frame rotors are installed in its left and right parts and are rotatable in different directions relative to the translational unit.

The essence of the proposed utility model is illustrated in FIG. one; 2; 3; four; 5; 6; 7; 8. In FIG. 1 shows a cultivator-injector aggregated with a wheel tractor; in FIG. 2 is a top view of the actual cultivator 1 in FIG. 1 and view “K” of the cultivator of FIG. 2; in FIG. 3 is a section AA of FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 is a section BB in FIG. 2; in FIG. 5 is a section BB of FIG. 2; in FIG. 6 is a section GG in FIG. 5.

The injector cultivator contains a rotary cultivator 1 itself, which is mounted on a hinged-spatial structure 2 with support wheels 3. The rotary cultivator is connected to the tractor power take-off shaft (PTO) by means of a cardan transmission 4, which transmits torque to the cultivating rotors of the cultivator through a reducer 5 and a gear system .

The depth of the knives of the rotating rotors in the soil of the cultivator is changed by means of a screw pair 6 mounted on a hinged-spatial structure 2 and a three-point linkage 7. The rate of flow of liquid fertilizers is carried out by a hydraulic system including a supply tank with a pump 8 and control and regulation equipment. The injector cultivator has the ability to work together with trailed units 9 in the form of an additional hydraulic system for delivering liquid fertilizers to rotating rotors or a grain seeder, making seed in the soil at the same time as applying liquid fertilizers.

In FIG. 2 is a top view and a view "K" of the cultivator 1 with a gearbox 5 (Fig. 1). The box-shaped frame of the cultivator 1 has an arrow-shaped shape. Bearing supports are installed inside the box-shaped frame, in which the rotor shafts with knives rotate, connected by gears through a gearbox 5 and a cardan gear 4 with a tractor power take-off shaft.

In FIG. 3 shows a kinematic diagram of a rotor drive with cutting knives in section “AA” (FIG. 2). The output gear 10 of the gearbox 5 through the intermediate gear 11 is connected to the gears 12 mounted on the drive shafts in the bearing bearings of the rotors with knives 13. The output gear 10 of the gearbox 5 is mounted in the bearings on the same axis as the gear conical pair 14 and 15, and on the output gear shaft 15 installed a removable gear 16.

In FIG. 4 shows a kinematic diagram in section BB in FIG. 2 gears 5. Cardan gear 4 (Fig. 1) through the through shaft 18, interchangeable gears 17 and 16, bevel gears 15 and 14, gears 10, 11 are connected to gears 12 of rotors 13 with grinding knives.

In FIG. 5 shows a cross-section BB of FIG. 10, which shows the connection of the drive gears 12, through the parasitic gears 19, transmitting the rotation of the rotors 13 (Fig. 11) with chopping knives 20. In the upper part of the rotor rotor shaft 21 there is a fluid inlet assembly inside the knives 22.

In FIG. 6 shows a rotor 13 (Fig. 5) with knives 20, a drive shaft 21 with a fluid inlet 22 with a rotation limiter 23. The assembly 22 contains a sliding bearing 24 and an inlet 26 through which liquid fertilizers are supplied under pressure P. Knives 20 and the shaft 21 is fixed motionless on the disk 27. O-rings 25 are installed between the shaft 21 and the bearing 24. The working fluid under pressure through the nozzle 26 is supplied along the path indicated by the arrows into the plane of rotation of the knives 20.

In FIG. 7 shows a diagram of the hinged spatial structure 2 (Fig. 1) on which the cultivator 1 is mounted. The circuit contains a four-link AVSD, the lengths of the links of which satisfy the conditions: BC = DS = 0.5 AB; HELL = 0.66 AB. Link 1 and 2 enter the four-link chain. Point E and trajectory g-g are indicated on the diagram. The design used the Watt articulated four-link rectilinear guiding mechanism (II Artobolevsky, MECHANISMS IN MODERN TECHNOLOGY, Volume I, M., 1979, No. 613, p. 313).

The rate of liquid fertilizer application is carried out by means of a hydraulic system with a supply tank and control and regulatory equipment. In FIG. Figure 8 shows a schematic diagram of a hydraulic system delivering liquid fertilizers to rotating rotors and to knives crushing the soil.

The hydraulic system contains a supply tank 8 (Fig. 1), a gear pump 28, a safety valve 29 for maintaining the set working fluid pressure, protecting against overpressure and unloading the hydraulic system from pressure, a hydraulic motor 30 with a coupling 37, an electric distributor 31 designed to turn on the hydraulic motor and pump 28. The pump 28 is connected to the flow rate regulator of the working fluid 32, and through it the working fluid enters the flow divider 33, through the pipe and hose hydraulic wiring 34 in the cavity of the rotating rotor s with knives 13 through the chokes 35 and the nodes of the inlet of the working fluid 22.

The proposed cultivator-injector operates as follows.

To begin work on the introduction of liquid fertilizers set the specified depth of their application in the soil. To do this, put the injector-cultivator on an equal solid platform and install the support wheels 3 of the hinged-spatial structure 2 using the standard hydraulic rear mounted tractor attachment in line with the tractor driving wheels, as well as the ends of the rotor knives using a screw pair 6. Moreover, the plane three-point linkage 7 (Fig. 1) should be perpendicular to the movement of the tractor. Having fixed the reference point for the position of the rotor knives, after setting the cultivator in the transport position using screw pairs 6 of spatial design 7, the cultivator with rotors is installed at the required depth of liquid fertilizers in the soil at a fixed reference point.

When the link 1 (Fig. 7) rotates around the fixed axis A, the point E of link 2 describes the g-g trajectory close to a straight line equal to the depth of penetration of the rotor knives. When driving the unit into the corral, the tractor driver puts the lever of the hydraulic distributor of the hitch 7 in the "Lowering" position. In this case, the cultivator-injector, under the action of its own mass, falls to the soil until the track rollers 3 (Fig. 1) are combined with the path of the tractor’s driving wheels, and the working bodies, the rotor knives, are deepened by the set value with rotating rotors. The box-shaped frame of the cultivator 1 (Fig. 1) has an arrow-shaped shape (Fig. 2, 5). When you turn on the tractor’s PTO, the gearbox 5 (Fig. 1) through the cardan drive 4, the through shaft 18 (Fig. 4) replaceable gears 16, 17, gear conical pair 14 and 15, transmit gears through the gears 10, 11 directly to the connected directly between gears 12, fixedly mounted on the shafts 21 of the rotors 13 with knives 20 (Fig. 5). Gears 12 mounted in the center of the swept frame through gears “parasites” 19 are connected to themselves by similar gears and rotor shafts on both branches of the swept frame. Thus, 2 rotors rotate from gear 12 in different directions. On the right side of the frame, tilted to the side opposite to the movement of the tractor, rotors are installed that rotate counterclockwise, on the left side of the frame, tilted also to the side opposite to the movement of the tractor, rotors are rotated clockwise. In this case, the rotors are divided into left and right.

The rotor speed varies depending on the soil through interchangeable gears 16 and 17 (Fig. 4).

The installation of rotors on an arrow-shaped frame with different directions of rotation of these rotors contributes to the promotion of the tractor-cultivator system when the soil is captured by rotor knives, and helps to remove foreign objects from the rotor coverage area.

According to their functional purpose, knives 20 play the role of a cultivator paw with a feeding tube (Agricultural Machines Designer Handbook, vol. 3. The team of authors, edited by MI Kletskin. Zak. 61, p. 51), while the working fluid passes through the channels of the rotor (Fig. 6). Knife blades are made of high manganese wear-resistant steel under abrasive friction.

When working with a utility model in an aggregate with a grain fertilizer seeder, the grain mixture is placed slightly above the liquid fertilizer placement plane, while granular fertilizers with hygroscopicity absorb liquid fertilizers and soil moisture, and the roots of the crop better absorb nutrients, resulting in an increase productivity.

Claims (3)

1. Rotary semi-mounted cultivator-injector for subsoil tape application of liquid humic fertilizers with simultaneous loosening of the soil surface layer, cutting weeds, closing up crop residues after plowing, containing a swept box-shaped frame with a gearbox, inside which there are rotor shafts with knives in the bearing supports, and kinematically connected with the tractor power take-off shaft, the box-shaped frame is installed together with the articulated spatial structure having support wheels, on a three-point linkage attached to the tractor, while on a hinged spatial structure and a three-point linkage, a screw pair is installed to deepen the rotors into the soil, in addition, a hydraulic system with a feed tank and control and regulation equipment to maintain the rate of liquid fertilizer application per hectare are installed in front of the tractor that the spatial articulated structure is made in the form of a four-link articulated-lever watt guide mechanism. 2. The cultivator-injector according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic system is connected to the rotor knives through holes and cavities of the rotors. 3. The cultivator-injector according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotors of the box-shaped frame are installed in its left and right parts and are made to rotate in different directions relative to the forward movement of the unit.

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