KR101886480B1 - L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물 및 이를 이용하여 l-트립토판을 생산하는 방법 - Google Patents
L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물 및 이를 이용하여 l-트립토판을 생산하는 방법 Download PDFInfo
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- KR101886480B1 KR101886480B1 KR1020150068980A KR20150068980A KR101886480B1 KR 101886480 B1 KR101886480 B1 KR 101886480B1 KR 1020150068980 A KR1020150068980 A KR 1020150068980A KR 20150068980 A KR20150068980 A KR 20150068980A KR 101886480 B1 KR101886480 B1 KR 101886480B1
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- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- tryptophan
- ala
- leu
- gly
- seq
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Abstract
본 발명은 L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물 및 이를 이용하여 L-트립토판을 생산하는 방법에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게는, 본 발명은 트립토판 오페론의 억제 및 감쇠조절이 해제되고 안스라닐산염의 축적이 감소되어 L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 대장균 변이주 및 이를 이용하여 L-트립토판을 생산하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
Description
본 발명은 L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물 및 이를 이용하여 L-트립토판을 생산하는 방법에 관한 것이다.
필수 아미노산 중 하나인 L-트립토판은 사료첨가제뿐만 아니라, 수액제 등의 의약품 원료 및 건강식품소재 등으로 널리 사용되어 왔으며, 화학합성법, 효소반응법, 발효법 등을 이용하여 생산되어 왔다.
그 중 최근의 생산 방향은 미생물에 의한 발효법으로, 사용되는 미생물들은 산업화 초기 화학적 돌연변이를 통한 유사체 내성 선별 균주들이 주로 사용되어 왔으나, 1990년대 유전자 재조합 기술의 급격한 발전과 분자수준의 조절 기작들이 규명됨에 따라 유전자 조작 기법을 이용한 대장균과 코리네박테리움 재조합 균주들이 주로 사용되고 있다.
미생물에 의한 트립토판 생산은 해당과정(glycolysis)의 중간 산물인 PEP(PhospoEnolPyruvate)와 5탄당 회로의 중간물질인 E4P(Erythrose-4-Phosphate)가 중합반응하여 만들어지는 DAHP(3-DeoxyD-arobino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate)로부터 시작된다. 이후 방향족 공통 생합성 경로를 거쳐 코리스민산(chorismate)으로부터 분기되는 생합성 경로로 이루어진다. 구체적으로는, 트립토판은 유전자 trpE로부터 합성되는 안스라닐산염 합성효소(anthranilate synthase, EC 4.1.3.27), 유전자 trpD로부터 합성되는 안스라닐산염 합성효소(anthranilate synthase, EC 4.1.3.27)와 안스라닐산염 PRPP 트랜스퍼라제(anthranilate PRPP transferase, EC 2.4.1.28), 유전자 trpC로부터 합성되는 인돌-3-글리세롤 인산 합성효소 (indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase, EC 4.1.1.48)와 포스포라이보실 안스라닐산염 이성화효소(phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase, EC 5.3.1.24), 유전자 trpB와 trpA에 의해 합성되는 트립토판 합성효소(tryptophan synthase, EC 4.2.1.20)에 의해 합성된다. 상기 반응을 매개하는 효소들을 암호화하는 유전자군인 trpEDCBA는 하나의 조절부위를 포함하는 오페론 구조로 염색체 내부에 존재한다.
트립토판 오페론은 세포가 요구하는 충분한 양의 트립토판을 생산할 수 있도록 통상적으로 활발히 전사하지만, 주변에 트립토판이 있으면 억제인자(repressor)가 트립토판과 결합하여 트립토판 오페론이 불활성화되므로 전사가 억제된다.
또한, 쓰레오닌, 페닐알라닌, 루이신, 트립토판, 히스티딘과 같은 아미노산 생합성 오페론의 경우, 감쇠기작(attenuation)이라는 또 다른 조절 기작을 가지고 있다(J Bacteriol.(1991) 173,2328-2340). 이 감쇠기작은 염색체상에서 프로모터와 오페론의 첫 번째 유전자 사이의 영역이 가지고 있는 특이한 서열구간에서, 아미노산이 부족한 조건에서는 mRNA의 구조가 해독 과정에 용이한 구조로 바뀌어 생합성 유전자의 발현을 촉진시키지만, 해당 아미노산이 풍부한 조건에서는 짧게 전사된 mRNA가 헤어핀 구조(hairpin structure)라고 명명된 3차원적 구조를 형성하여 해독과정을 막는 기작으로 알려져 있다(J Biol Chem., (1988) 263:609-612).
L-트립토판 생산균주의 개발 방향은 초기에는 최종 산물인 트립토판에 의해 저해를 받는 트립토판 생합성 경로 효소들의 피드백 저해를 극복하는 방법, 혹은 트립토판 생합성 효소의 발현 강화를 위해 염색체상이나 벡터 형태로 트립토판 오페론 유전자의 카피수를 늘리는 것과 같이 대사과정의 효소 합성 강화를 통한 효율화가 주된 목표였다(Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,(1982) 43:289-297; Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,(1993) 40:301-305; Trends Biotechnol.,(1996) 14:250-256).
L-트립토판을 생산하는 능력을 미생물에 부여하기 위해서는 크게 화학적 돌연변이에 의해 트립토판 유사체 혹은 중간 산물인 안스라닐산염에 내성을 갖도록 선별하는 방법이나, 유전공학적 방법에 의해 개변되는 것이 있을 수 있다. 화학적 돌연변이에 의한 사례로는 대한민국 등록특허 제1987-0001813호, 대한민국 등록특허 제0949312호 등이 있을 수 있고, 유전공학적 방법을 이용한 사례로는 방향족 아미노산 경로로 들어오는 생합성을 증가시키기 위해 트랜스케토라아제(transketolase)를 암호화하는 tktA 유전자나, 갈락토오스 퍼미아제(galactose permease)를 암호화 하는 galP 유전자를 강화하여 E4P(Erythrose4-phosphate)나 PEP(phosphoenolpyruvate)의 공급을 각각 증가시키고, DAHP(3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate) 합성효소의 피드백저해를 풀어주어 방향족 경로를 강화하는 방향의 전략을 도입한 균주(Trends Biotechnol.,(1996)14:250-256, Microbial Cell Factories (2009) 8:19), 혹은 트립토판 오페론 유전자를 벡터 혹은 염색체 내부로 추가 도입한 균주(Appl. Environ. Microbiol.,(1982) 43:289-297, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol.,(1993) 40:301-305)등 다양한 접근 방식이 있을 수 있다.
그러나, 생합성 효소의 피드백 저해를 해제하는 것과 함께 트립토판 오페론을 도입하여도, 오페론 유전자들의 전사수준에서 억제 및 감쇠와 같은 조절기작이 존재하기 때문에 당해 유전자를 강화시킨 만큼 트립토판 수율이 증가하지 않는 어려움이 있어 왔다.
본 발명자들은 L-트립토판을 생산하는 균주에서 오페론 유전자들의 전사수준의 억제 및 감쇠를 해제하는 방법 및 이를 이용해 트립토판 생합성 효소를 강화시킬 수 있는 방법을 고안하였다. 추가로, 여러 가지 종류의 트립토판 생산 균주가 트립토판 오페론을 강화함에 따라 중간 물질인 안스라닐산염이 축적되면서 수율이 상승하지 않는 문제를 해결하기 위하여, 트립토판 오페론 유전자 중 안스라닐산염 합성효소(anthranilate synthase, TrpE)를 암호화하는 유전자를 제외한 나머지 유전자군만을 피드백 저해나 억제기작 등의 조절기작이 해제된 형태로 발현시켜 트립토판의 생산수율은 상승하고, 안스라닐산염의 축적은 낮아진 트립토판 생산균주를 제작하였다.
본 발명의 목적은 트립토판 오페론의 억제 및 감쇠조절이 해제되고, 안스라닐산염의 축적이 감소되도록 변형된 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제공하는 것이다.
본 발명의 또 다른 목적은 상기 에스케리키아속 미생물을 이용하여 L-트립토판을 생산하는 방법을 제공하는 것이다.
상기 목적을 달성하기 위하여, 본 발명은 내재적 트립토판 오페론에서 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 2의 염기서열을 가지는 리더펩티드(leader peptide)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손되어 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 L-트립토판을 생산하는 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제공한다.
본 발명은 또한 상기 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 배양하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판 생산방법을 제공한다.
본 발명에 따라 제조된 재조합 미생물은 안스라닐산염의 과다 축적현상을 해소하고, L-트립토판을 높은 수율로 생산하는 데에 유용하게 이용될 수 있다.
도 1은 대장균 염색체 내에 존재하는 트립토판 오페론 유전자와 그 조절 부위 및 본 명세서에 기술된 결실형태를 간단히 나타내는 도면이다.
A) 대장균 염색체 내에 존재하는 트립토판 오페론 유전자와 그 조절 부위(Ptrp)
B) Ptrp형태
C) 리더펩티드를 코딩하는 유전자 trpL이 결실된 형태(DtrpL)
D) 리더펩티드를 코딩하는 유전자 trpL 및 감쇠조절인자가 결실된 형태(Dtrp_att)
도 2는 트립토판 오페론 발현조절부위의 세기 측정을 위해 사용된 pCL-GFP 벡터를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 3은 트립토판 생합성 유전자 trpDCBA를 염색체 내로 도입하여 카피수를 증가시키기 위한 벡터 pINT17E-Patt-trpDCBA를 나타내는 도면이다.
A) 대장균 염색체 내에 존재하는 트립토판 오페론 유전자와 그 조절 부위(Ptrp)
B) Ptrp형태
C) 리더펩티드를 코딩하는 유전자 trpL이 결실된 형태(DtrpL)
D) 리더펩티드를 코딩하는 유전자 trpL 및 감쇠조절인자가 결실된 형태(Dtrp_att)
도 2는 트립토판 오페론 발현조절부위의 세기 측정을 위해 사용된 pCL-GFP 벡터를 나타내는 도면이다.
도 3은 트립토판 생합성 유전자 trpDCBA를 염색체 내로 도입하여 카피수를 증가시키기 위한 벡터 pINT17E-Patt-trpDCBA를 나타내는 도면이다.
이하, 본 발명을 자세히 설명한다.
본 발명은 내재적 트립토판 오페론에서 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 2의 염기서열을 가지는 리더펩티드(leader peptide)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손된, L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제공한다.
상기 용어 '트립토판 오페론(tryptophan operon or Trp operon)'은 trpEDCBA 유전자를 모두 포괄하는 전체 오페론을 나타내며, 서열번호 9로 기재되는 염기서열을 가진다.
본 발명에서 사용 가능한 L-트립토판 생산 미생물은 L-트립토판 생산능을 가지는 미생물이라면, 원핵 미생물 어느 것이나 포함된다. 예를 들면, 에스케리키아 (Escherichia) 속, 어위니아 (Erwinia) 속, 세라티아 (Serratia) 속, 프로비덴시아 (Providencia) 속, 코리네박테리움 (Corynebacterium) 속 및 브레비박테리움 (Brevibacterium)속에 속하는 미생물 균주가 포함될 수 있다. 바람직하게는, 에스케리키아 속에 속하는 미생물이고, 더 바람직하게는 대장균인 것을 특징으로 하는 미생물이다. 특히 바람직하게는, 상기 대장균은 안스라닐산염 합성효소(trpE), 안스라닐산염 PRPP 트랜스퍼라아제(trpD), 포스포라이보실 안스라닐산염 이성화효소 (trpC), 트립토판 합성효소(trpA, trpB)와 같은 트립토판 생합성 효소들의 활성이 강화되면서 피드백 해제 형태의 3-데옥시-D-아라비노헵툴로손산-7-인산 합성효소(aroG)를 이용하고, 3-데하이드로퀴닌산염 합성효소(aroB), 시킴산 탈수소효소(aroE), 시킴산 인산화효소(aroL), 5-에놀산피루빌시킴산-3-인산 합성효소(aroA), 코리슴산 합성효소(aroC)와 같은 방향족 생합성 경로의 효소활성이 강화되고, 트립토판 생합성 경로 중간물질인 세린과 PRPP의 공급을 강화하기 위해 포스포글리세린산 탈수소효소(serA) 혹은 케톨 전이효소(tktA)의 활성이 강화되고, 방향족 경로의 다른 가지인 프레펜산 탈수효소, 코리슴산 뮤타제(pheA) 혹은 프레펜산 탈수소효소, 코리슴산 뮤타제(tyrA)와 트립토판을 분해하거나 재유입하는 트립토판 가수분해효소(tnaA), 트립토판 트랜스포터 (tnaB, mtr)의 활성이 제거될 수 있다.
더욱 바람직하게는 본 발명에 따른 재조합 대장균 CA04-2004 (수탁번호 KCCM11246P)이다.
상기 용어 내재적 트립토판 오페론의 '발현조절부위(expression regulatory region)'는 프로모터(promoter), 리더펩티드(leader peptide) 및 내재적 감쇠조절인자(attenuator)가 포함된 영역을 의미하며, 바람직하게는 서열번호 1로 기재되는 염기 서열을 가진다.
상기 용어 '리더 펩티드(leader peptide)'는 유전자 개시코돈 상류의 선도배열에 의해 코딩되는 저분자량 펩티드를 의미하며, 바람직하게는 서열번호 2로 기재되는 염기 서열을 가진다. 이에 의해 발현되는 폴리펩티드는 서열번호 4로 기재되는 아미노산 서열을 가진다. 이 리더펩티드는 트립토판의 농도가 높으면 머리핀 구조를 형성함으로써 내재적 감쇠조절인자의 구조 형성을 촉진하여 전사를 종결한다.
본 발명에 있어 '결손(deletion)'은 목적 유전자의 개시코돈에 해당하는 염기서열로부터 종결코돈까지의 염기서열 영역 혹은 그 조절부위 염기서열 중 일부 혹은 전부를 염색체 내부에서 제거한 형태를 의미한다.
본 발명은 또한 서열번호 3의 염기서열을 가지는 내재적 감쇠조절인자(attenuator)의 전체 또는 일부가 더 결손되어 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 것을 특징으로 하는 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제공한다.
상기 용어 '내재적 감쇠조절인자(endogeneous attenuator)'는 감쇠기작을 일으키는 발현조절부위 중 프로모터 및 리더펩티드를 제외한 서열번호 3의 염기서열을 가진 영역을 의미한다.
본 발명은 또한 트립토판 오페론이 암호화하는 단백질의 활성이 추가로 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제공한다.
본 발명은 또한 안스라닐산염 합성효소를 코딩하는 trpE 유전자를 제외한 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA에 의해 암호화된 단백질의 활성이 추가로 강화된 것을 특징으로 하는 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제공한다.
상기 용어 '트립토판 생합성 유전자군(tryptophan biosynthesis cluster)이라는 용어는 트립토판 오페론의 유전자들인 trpE, trpD, trpC, trpB, trpA 중 두 개 이상 조합으로 이루어진 유전자 형태를 의미한다. 바람직하게는, 서열번호 10의 염기서열을 가지는 trpDCBA 유전자군일 수 있으며, 여기에서 상기 trpD 유전자는 서열번호 37의 아미노산 서열을 가지는 단백질을 암호화하고, 상기 trpC 유전자는 서열번호 38의 아미노산 서열을 가지는 단백질을 암호화하고, 상기 trpB 유전자는 서열번호 39의 아미노산 서열을 가지는 단백질을 암호화하며, 상기 trpA 유전자는 서열번호 40의 아미노산 서열을 가지는 단백질을 암호화한다.
트립토판 오페론 중 trpE 유전자에 의해 암호화되는 안스라닐산염 합성효소를 제외한 트립토판 생합성 유전자군만의 활성을 강화시키는 이유는 트립토판 생산 균주가 트립토판 오페론을 강화함에 따라 중간 물질인 안스라닐산염이 축적되면서 수율이 상승하지 않는 문제를 해결하기 위함이다.
유전자의 발현을 강화시키는 방법으로는 1) 염색체 내 또는 세포 내 카피수를 증가시키거나, 2) 염색체의 자가 프로모터를 보다 강력한 형태의 외래 프로모터로 치환하거나 활성이 강화된 형태로 변형하는 방법이 있을 수 있다.
상기 카피수를 증가시키는 방법으로는 유전자를 벡터에 도입하여 발현을 강화시키는 방법이 있을 수 있다. 본 발명에서 사용 가능한 벡터는 플라스미드 벡터로서 pBR계, pUC계, pBluescriptII계, pGEM계, pTZ계, pCL계 및 pET계 등을 사용할 수 있다. 본 발명에서 사용 가능한 벡터는 특별히 제한되는 것이 아니며, 공지된 발현 벡터를 사용할 수 있다. 바람직하게는, pACYC177, pACYC184, pCL, pECCG117, pUC19, pBR322, pMW118, pCC1BAC 벡터 등을 사용할 수 있다. 가장 바람직하게는, pACYC177, pCL, pCC1BAC 벡터를 사용할 수 있다.
한편, 상기 이용 가능한 외래 프로모터의 형태는 trc, lac, tac 등 기 공지된 프로모터들이 있을 수 있으나, 이에 제한되지는 않는다. 또한, 염색체의 자가 프로모터를 보다 강력한 형태로 변형시키기 위해서 상기 기술한 바와 같이 리더펩티드의 전체 또는 일부를 결손시키거나 추가로 내재적 감쇠조절인자의 전체 또는 일부를 결손시킬 수 있으나, 이에 제한되지 않는다.
본 발명의 바람직한 구현에서, 본 발명은 내재적 트립토판 오페론의 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 2의 염기서열을 가지는 리더펩티드(leader peptide)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손되고, 서열번호 3의 염기서열을 가지는 내재적 감쇠조절인자(attenuator)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손되어 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화되고, 추가로 안스라닐산염 합성효소를 코딩하는 trpE 유전자를 제외한 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA가 암호화하는 각각 서열번호 37, 38, 39 및 40의 아미노산 서열을 가지는 단백질의 활성을 강화시켜 제조된, L-트립토판을 생산하는 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 제조하였으며, 이를 수탁번호 KCCM11246P로 기탁하였다.
본 발명은 또한 상기 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 배양하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판 생산방법을 제공한다.
본 발명의 바람직한 양상에서, 본 발명은 내재적 트립토판 오페론에서 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 2의 염기서열을 가지는 리더펩티드(leader peptide)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손되고, 서열번호 3의 염기서열을 가지는 내재적 감쇠조절인자(attenuator)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손되어 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화되고, 추가로 안스라닐산염 합성효소를 코딩하는 trpE 유전자를 제외한 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA의 발현을 강화시켜 트립토판 오페론이 암호화하는 단백질의 활성이 강화되어, L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물을 배양하는 단계를 포함하는 방법을 제공한다.
본 발명의 미생물의 배양에 사용되는 배지 및 기타 배양조건은 통상의 에스케리키아속 미생물의 배양에 사용되는 배지이면 어느 것이나 사용될 수 있으나, 본 발명의 미생물의 요구 조건을 적절하게 만족시켜야 한다. 바람직하게는, 본 발명의 미생물을 적당한 탄소원, 질소원, 아미노산, 비타민 등을 함유한 통상의 배지 내에서 호기성 조건 하에서 온도, pH 등을 조절하면서 배양한다.
이때, 탄소원으로는 글루코오스, 프룩토오스, 수크로오스, 말토오스, 만니톨, 소르비톨과 같은 탄수화물, 당 알콜, 글리세롤, 피루브산, 락트산 및 시트르산과 같은 알콜 및 유기산, 글루탐산, 메티오닌 및 리신과 같은 아미노산 등이 포함된다. 전분 가수분해물, 당밀, 블랙스트랩 당밀, 쌀겨울, 카사버, 사탕수수찌꺼기 및 옥수수 침지액 같은 천연의 유기 영양원을 사용할 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 글루코오스 및 살균된 전처리 당밀(즉, 환원당으로 전환된 당밀) 등과 같은 탄수화물이고, 그 외의 적정량의 탄소원을 제한 없이 다양하게 이용할 수 있다.
질소원으로는 암모니아, 황산암모늄, 염화암모늄, 초산암모늄, 인산암모늄, 탄산안모늄, 및 질산암모늄과 같은 무기질소원; 글루탐산, 메티오닌, 글루타민과 같은 아미노산 및 펩톤, NZ-아민, 육류 추출물, 효모 추출물, 맥아 추출물, 옥수수 침지액, 카세인 가수분해물, 어류 또는 그의 분해생성물, 탈지 대두 케이크 또는 그의 분해생성물 등 유기질소원이 사용될 수 있다. 이들 질소원은 단독 또는 조합되어 사용될 수 있다.
상기 배지에는 인원으로서 인산 제1칼륨, 인산 제2칼륨 및 대응되는 소디움-함유 염이 포함될 수 있다. 무기화합물로는 염화나트륨, 염화칼슘, 염화철, 황산마그네슘, 황산철, 황산망간 및 탄산칼슘 등이 사용될 수 있으며, 그 외에 아미노산, 비타민 및 적절한 전구체 등이 포함될 수 있다. 이들 배지 또는 전구체는 배양물에 회분식 또는 연속식으로 첨가될 수 있다.
배양 중에 수산화암모늄, 수산화칼륨, 암모니아, 인산 및 황산과 같은 화합물을 배양물에 적절한 방식으로 첨가하여, 배양물의 pH를 조정할 수 있다. 또한, 배양 중에는 지방산 폴리글리콜 에스테르와 같은 소포제를 사용하여 기포 생성을 억제할 수 있다. 또한, 배양물의 호기 상태를 유지하기 위하여, 배양물 내로 산소 또는 산소 함유 기체를 주입하거나 혐기 및 미호기 상태를 유지하기 위해 기체의 주입 없이 혹은 질소, 수소 또는 이산화탄소 가스를 주입할 수 있다.
배양물의 온도는 보통 27℃ 내지 37℃, 바람직하게는 30℃ 내지 35℃이다. 배양 기간은 원하는 유용 물질의 생성량이 수득될 때까지 계속될 수 있으며, 바람직하게는 10 내지 100 시간이다.
본 발명의 상기 배양 단계에서 생산된 L-아미노산은 추가로 정제 또는 회수하는 단계를 포함할 수 있으며, 상기 정제 또는 회수 방법은 본 발명의 미생물의 배양방법, 예를 들어 회분식, 연속식 또는 유가식 배양 방법 등에 따라 당해 분야에 공지된 적합한 방법을 이용하여 배양액으로부터 목적하는 L-아미노산을 정제 또는 회수할 수 있다.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 보다 상세히 설명하고자 한다. 그러나, 이들 실시예는 본 발명을 예시적으로 설명하기 위한 것으로 본 발명의 범위가 이들 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다.
< 실시예 >
실시예1
: 트립토판 생합성 발현조절부위의 해제를 위하여 리더펩티드가 제거된 형태의 발현조절부위와
GFP
융합 벡터의 제작
도 1에 나타낸 바와 같이, 프로모터(P), 리더펩티드(L) 및 감쇠조절인자(A)로 구성된 트립토판 오페론의 발현조절부위 중 리더펩티드(L)를 코딩하는 유전자인 trpL이 결손된 발현조절부위(이하 'DtrpL'이라 칭함; 도 1의 C에 해당)를 증폭하기 위하여, 미국생물자원센터 (American Type Culture Collection: ATCC)로부터 구매한 대장균 W3110 균주의 염색체(GenBank accession number AC000091)를 주형으로 중합효소연쇄반응(Polymerase Chain Reaction; 이하 'PCR법'이라 함)을 통하여 증폭하였다.
구체적으로, 프라이머 1과 2를 이용하여 94℃에서 1분간 변성, 58℃에서 30초간 어닐링, 72℃에서 30초간 중합하는 조건을 Pfu 폴리머라아제로 30회 반복하는 PCR 법을 통하여 5' 영역에 KpnI 제한효소 자리를 가진 155 bp 단편을 증폭하였다. 두 번째로, 프라이머 3과 4를 이용하여 상기 기재된 PCR 법을 통하여 3' 영역에 EcoRV 제한효소 자리를 가진 105 bp의 단편을 증폭하였다. 얻어진 DNA 단편들은 GeneAllR ExpinTM GEL SV키트(Seoul, Korea)로 분리한 후, 교차 PCR을 위한 주형으로 사용하였다.
상기 DtrpL을 만들기 위하여, 프라이머 1과 4를 이용하여 위에서 얻어진 두 DNA 단편을 주형으로 하여 교차 PCR을 수행하였다. 구체적으로, 상기 기재된 PCR 법을 통하여 245 bp의 단편을 증폭하였다(서열번호 5). 증폭된 단편은 제한효소 KpnI과 EcoRV로 처리한 후, 같은 효소로 처리된 pCL1920GFP(서열번호 8)로 접합(ligation)을 통해 pCL-DtrpL-GFP를 제작하였다.
트립토판 오페론의 발현조절부위 중 리더펩티드(L) 및 감쇠조절인자(A)를 코딩하는 유전자 부위가 함께 결손된 형태(이하 'Dtrp_att'라 칭함)를 증폭하기 위하여, 상기 대장균 W3110 균주의 염색체를 주형으로 프라이머 1과 5를 이용하여 상기 PCR 법을 통하여 5' 영역에 KpnI과 3' 영역에 EcoRV 제한효소 자리를 가진 148bp의 단편을 증폭하였다(서열번호 6). 증폭된 단편은 제한효소 KpnI과 EcoRV로 처리한 후, 같은 효소로 처리된 pCL1920GFP로 접합을 통해 pCL-Dtrp_att-GFP를 제작하였다.
또한, 향후 실험에서 대조군으로 사용하기 위한 야생형 발현조절부위를 가진 벡터를 만들기 위하여, 대장균 W3110 균주의 염색체를 주형으로 프라이머 1과 4를 이용하여 상기 기재된 PCR 법을 통하여 5' 영역에 KpnI과 3' 영역에 EcoRV 제한효소 자리를 가진 290 bp의 단편을 증폭하였다. 증폭된 단편은 제한효소 KpnI과 EcoRV로 처리한 후, 같은 효소로 처리된 pCL1920GFP로 접합을 통해 pCL-Ptrp-GFP를 제작하였다.
프라이머 1
5' TTAGGTACCGGCGCACTCCCGTTCTGGATA 3' (서열번호 11)
프라이머 2
5' ACTGCCCGTTGTCGATACCCTTTTTACGT 3' (서열번호 12)
프라이머 3
5' TCGACAACGGGCAGTGTATTCACCATG 3' (서열번호 13)
프라이머 4
5' AATGATATCTGTTATTCTCTAATTTTGTT 3' (서열번호 14)
프라이머 5
5' AATGATATCACCCTTTTTACGTGAACTTG 3' (서열번호 15)
실시예2
:
GFP
의 발현량 측정
앞서 기술한 실시예 1에서 제작된 pCL-DtrpL-GFP, pCL-Dtrp_att-GFP 및 pCL-Ptrp-GFP 벡터를 야생형 균주인 대장균 W3110과 트립토판 생산균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P에 형질전환 방법을 통해 각각 도입한 후 GFP의 세기를 측정하였다.
본 실시예에 사용된 모균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P(대한민국 등록특허 10-0792095)는 L-페닐알라닌 생산능을 갖는 대장균 변이주(KFCC 10066, 대한민국 특허 1985-0001232)로부터 유래된 균주로, 염색체상의 트립토판 요구성이 해제되고, pheA, trpR, mtr 및 tnaAB 유전자가 불활성화되고, aroG, trpE 유전자가 변이된 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판 생산능을 갖는 재조합 대장균이다.
구체적으로는, 250 ml 플라스크에 준비된 25 ml의 M9 배지(0.5% glucose + 2 g/L Yeast extract 첨가. KCCM10812의 경우에는 0.1g/L tyrosine, 0.1g/L phenylalanine 추가 첨가)에 균체를 1/100 (v/v)접종하고, 37℃에서 배양하여 해당 OD에서 원심 분리를 통해 균체를 회수하고, 회수된 균체는 1xTE로 1회 세척하여 GFP 측정에 사용하였다. GFP측정은 Synergy HT Multi-Mode Microplate Reader(Biotek, USA)를 사용하였다.
측정결과를 표 1에 나타내었다. OD1과 OD3은 각각 배양액을 적정 희석농도로 희석한 후, 시마즈사(Shimadzu)의 UV미니-1240(UVmini-1240) 흡광계를 이용하여 600 nm에서 측정한 OD 값을 나타낸다.
표 1 에 나타난 바와 같이, 야생형인 W3110균주의 경우 Ptrp의 상대강도를 1로 계산하였을 때, 리더펩티드와 감쇠조절인자가 제거된 Dtrp_att의 상대 강도가 OD값이 1일 경우(OD1)에는 약 7배, OD값이 3일 경우(OD3)에는 10배로 가장 강하였고, 리더펩티드만을 제거한 DtrpL은 야생형 발현조절부위(Ptrp)에 비해 약 1.5~2배 증가하였다. 그에 비해 생산균인 KCCM 10812P에 도입하였을 때는 Ptrp의 상대강도를 1로 계산하였을 때, 리더펩티드와 감쇠조절인자가 제거된 Dtrp_att의 상대 강도가 OD값이 1일 경우(OD1)에는 약 19배, OD값이 3일 경우(OD3)에는 27배로 가장 강하였고, 리더펩티드만을 제거한 DtrpL은 야생형 발현조절부위(Ptrp)에 비해 약 4배 증가하였다. 이 결과로 비추어볼 때, 야생형의 경우 생산균에 비해 약하긴 하나, 리더 펩티드 혹은 감쇠 조절인자의 제거에 따라 발현 증가가 나타남을 확인할 수 있다.
균주 | 프로모터 | GFP 측정값 (fold) | |
OD1 | OD3 | ||
W3110 | Dtrp_att | 6.5±0.7 | 9.6±1.1 |
DtrpL | 1.5±0.2 | 2.4±0.3 | |
Ptrp | 1 | 1 | |
KCCM10812P | Dtrp_att | 18.9±1.3 | 27±2.0 |
DtrpL | 3.8±0.5 | 3.9±0.8 | |
Ptrp | 1 | 1 |
실시예
3 : 발현조절부위가 교체된 트립토판
오페론(trpEDCBA)을
가진 벡터의 제작
실시예 2의 결과를 바탕으로 트립토판 오페론 유전자를 벡터 형태로 강화하는 대장균을 제작하기 위하여, 모균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P의 염색체를 주형으로 프라이머 6과 7을 이용하여 상기 기재된 PCR 법을 통하여 6564 bp의 단편을 증폭하였다(서열번호 9).
증폭된 DNA단편은 GeneAllR ExpinTM GEL SV키트(Seoul, Korea)를 통해 회수한 후, 제한효소 EcoRV와 HindIII로 처리하여 준비하였다. 준비된 DNA 단편과 클로닝을 위하여 pCL-Dtrp_att-GFP, pCL-DtrpL-GFP, pCL-Ptrp_GFP 벡터는 EcoRV와 HindIII로 처리하여 GFP부분을 제거한 4291bp로 제작하였다. 준비된 벡터와 인서트(insert)는 접합 후 형질전환 방법을 통해 대장균 DH5a로 도입하였고, 이 과정을 거쳐 pCL-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA, pCL-DtrpL-trpEDCBA, pCL-Ptrp_trpEDCBA 벡터를 각각 제작하였다.
프라이머 6
5' CCCGATATCATGCAAACACAAAAACCGAC 3' (서열번호 16)
프라이머 7
5' GGGAAGCTTAAAGGATCCGTGGGATTAACTGCGCGTCGCCGCTTT 3' (서열번호 17)
실시예
4: 발현조절부위가 교체되고
trpE
가 제외된 트립토판 생합성 유전자군(
trpDCBA
)을 가진 벡터의 제작
앞서 기술한 실시예 1에서 제작된 pCL-Dtrp_att-GFP, pCL-DtrpL-GFP, pCL-Ptrp_GFP벡터의 GFP 영역을 trpDCBA로 치환하는 벡터를 제작하기 위하여, pCL Dtrp_att-GFP, pCL-DtrpL-GFP, pCL-Ptrp_GFP 벡터를 EcoRV와 HindIII로 처리하여 GFP 부분을 제거한 4291bp로 제작하였다.
이후, 트립토판 오페론 중 trpDCBA 유전자를 벡터 형태로 강화하는 대장균을 제작하기 위하여, 모균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P 염색체를 주형으로 프라이머 7과 8을 이용하여 상기 기재된 PCR 법을 통하여 5002 bp의 단편을 증폭하였다 (서열번호 10).
증폭된 DNA 단편은 GeneAllR ExpinTM GEL SV키트(Seoul, Korea)을 통해 회수한 후, 제한효소 EcoRV와 HindIII로 처리하여 준비하였다. 준비된 벡터와 인서트는 접합 후 형질전환 방법을 통해 대장균 DH5a로 도입하였고, 그 결과 pCL-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA, pCL-DtrpL-trpDCBA, pCL-Ptrp_trpDCBA 벡터를 각각 제작하였다.
프라이머 8
5' AAAGATATCATGGCTGACATTCTGCTGCT 3' (서열번호 18)
실시예
5: 다양한 발현조절부위를 가진 트립토판
오페론
유전자의 낮은 카피 수 벡터 제작
대장균 내에서 낮은 카피수로 발현되는 대표적인 벡터는 pCC1BAC(Epicentre, USA)이다. 이 벡터를 사용하여 트립토판 오페론 유전자를 낮은 카피수로 발현시키기 위하여, 앞서 기술한 실시예 3과 4에서 제작된 pCL-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA, pCL-DtrpL-trpEDCBA, pCL-Ptrp_trpEDCBA와 pCL-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA, pCL-DtrpL-trpDCBA, pCL-Ptrp_trpDCBA 벡터들을 제한효소 HindIII로 절단하였다.
절단 후 얻어진 DNA 단편들은 아가로스겔 전기영동 후 각각의 크기대로 절단하여 GeneAllR ExpinTM GEL SV키트(Seoul, Korea)를 사용하여 회수하였고, pCC1BAC의 HindIII 위치가 절단된 벡터를 이용하여 접합 후 형질전환 방법을 통해 대장균 DH5a로 도입하였다.
도입된 균주는 LB Cm 고체배지 (LB + 클로람페니콜 아가 플레이트)에 도말하여 Cm 내성을 지닌 균체를 대상으로 확인을 진행하여, pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA, pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA, pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA와 pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA, pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA, pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA 벡터들을 제작하였다.
실시예
6:
pheA
유전자가 불활성화된 대장균 균주의 제작
야생형 대장균 W3110 균주로부터 트립토판 생산균주에 가까운 균주를 제작하기 위하여 코리슴산 뮤타제(chorismate mutase)/프레펜산 탈수효소(prephenate dehydratase,CM-PDT)를 코딩하는 pheA 유전자(NCBI gene ID: 12934467)를 상동 재조합에 의한 결실에 의하여 불활성화시켰다. CM-PDT는 코리슴산(chorismate)으로부터 페닐알라닌(phenylalanine)을 생성하는 첫번째 단계에 있는 효소로, pheA유전자 결손은 페닐알라닌 생합성 경로를 억제하는데 사용되었다. 이를 위하여, Datsenko KA 등이 개발한 람다 레드 재조합효소(lambda Red recombinase)를 이용한 돌연변이 제작 기법인 1단계 불활성화(one step inactivation) 방법을 사용하였다(One-step inactivation of chromosomal genes in Escherichia coli K-12 using PCR products, Datsenko KA, Wanner BL., Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jun 6;97(12):6640-5). 유전자 내부로의 삽입을 확인하기 위한 마커로는 pUCprmfmloxP의 클로람페니콜 유전자를 사용하였다(대한민국 특허공개번호 제2009-0075549호).
상기 pheA 유전자의 일부분과 상기 pUCprmfmloxP 벡터의 클로람페니콜(Chloramphenicol) 내성 유전자의 일부 염기서열을 갖는 프라이머 9과 프라이머 10를 이용하고, 벡터 pUCprmfmloxP을 주형으로 하는 PCR에 의해 약 1200bp의 유전자 단편을 증폭하였다.
프라이머 9
5'-GGCCTCCCAAATCGGGGGGCCTTTTTTATTGATAACAAAAAGGCAACACTAGGTGACACTATAGAACGCG - 3' (서열번호 19)
프라이머10
5'-AACAGCCCAATACCTTCATTGAACGGGTGATTTCCCCTAACTCTTTCAATTAGTGGATCTGATGGGTACC -3' (서열번호 20)
상기 PCR 증폭을 통하여 얻어진 DNA 단편을 0.8% 아가로스겔에서 전기영동한 후 용리하여 2차 PCR의 주형으로 사용하였다. 2차 PCR은 1차 DNA 단편의 5' 및 3'영역의 20 bp의 상보적 염기서열을 가지도록 하였고, 추가적으로 pheA 유전자의 5'및 3' 영역을 더한 프라이머 11과 프라이머 12를 이용하여 용리된 1차 PCR 산물을 주형으로 다시 PCR에 의해 약 1300bp의 유전자 단편을 증폭하였다. 상기 과정을 거쳐 얻어진 DNA 단편을 0.8% 아가로스겔에서 전기영동한 후 용리하여 재조합에 사용하였다.
프라이머 11
5'-GAATGGGAGGCGTTTCGTCGTGTGAAACAGAATGCGAAGACGAACAATAAGGCCTCCCAAATCGGGGGGC -3' (서열번호 21)
프라이머 12
5-GGCACCTTTTCATCAGGTTGGATCAACAGGCACTACGTTCTCACTTGGGTAACAGCCCAATACCTTCATT -3' (서열번호 22)
Datsenko KA 등이 개발한 방법에 따라 벡터 pKD46으로 형질 전환된 W3110 대장균을 컴피턴트한 상태로 제조한 후, PCR 법으로 얻어진 1300 bp의 유전자 단편을 유입하여 형질전환시켰다. LB 배지에서 클로람페니콜 내성을 가지고 있는 균주를 선별하였으며, 다시 프라이머 13과 프라이머 14를 이용한 PCR로 얻어진 크기가 약 2500 bp의 유전자 단편으로 pheA 유전자가 결실되었다는 것을 확인하였다.
프라이머 13
5'- TTGAGTGTATCGCCAACGCG -3' (서열번호 23 )
프라이머 14
5'- AAAGCCGCGTGTTATTGCGT -3' (서열번호 24)
상기 선별된 클로람페니콜 내성을 가진 1차 재조합 균주에서 pKD46 벡터를 제거한 후, pJW168 벡터를 도입하여 클로람페니콜 마커 유전자를 균주로부터 제거하였다(Gene, (2000) 247, 255-264). 최종적으로 얻어진 균체는 프라이머 13과 14로 PCR을 통해 얻어진 약 500bp의 증폭산물로 의도한대로 결실이 이루어졌음을 확인하였고, 제작된 균주를 대장균 W3110 trpΔ1로 명명하였다.
실시예
7:
tnaAB
유전자가 불활성화된 대장균 균주의 제작
상기 실시예 6에서 제작된 대장균 W3110 trpΔ1 균주로부터 트립토판 분해효소(tryptophanase)를 코딩하는 tnaA와 트립토판 임포터(importer)를 코딩하는 tnaB유전자의 오페론 형태인 tnaAB (NCBI gene ID: 12933600, 12933602) 유전자를 상동 재조합에 의하여 결실시켰다. 상기 결손을 통해 트립토판이 생성 후 분해되는 경로를 차단하고, 생성되어 배지 내로 분비된 트립토판의 세포 내로의 재이동을 막아 트립토판 생산균주의 특성을 부여할 수 있다. 이를 위하여, 실시예 6에서와 동일한 방법을 이용하여 상기 tnaAB 유전자의 일부분과 pUCprmfmloxP 유전자의 클로람페니콜 내성 유전자의 일부 염기서열을 갖는 프라이머 15와 프라이머 16을 이용하여 벡터 pUCprmfmloxP을 주형으로 하여 PCR법에 의해 약 1200bp의 유전자 단편을 증폭하였다. 또한, 상기 PCR 증폭을 통하여 얻어진 DNA 단편은 실시예 6에서와 같은 방법을 통해 프라이머 17과 프라이머 18을 이용한 PCR로 1300bp의 유전자 단편을 증폭하였다
프라이머 15
5'- TTAGCCAAATTTAGGTAACACGTTAAAGACGTTGCCGAACCAGCACAAAAAGGTGACACTATAGAACGCG - 3' (서열번호 25)
프라이머 16
5'- ATGAAGGATTATGTAATGGAAAACTTTAAACATCTCCCTGAACCGTTCCGTAGTGGATCTGATGGGTACC -3' (서열번호 26)
프라이머 17
5'- TGATTTCCTGAGAGGCAAGAAGCCAGCGAATGGCTGGCTTCTTGAAGGATTTAGCCAAATTTAGGTAACA -3' (서열번호 27)
프라이머 18
5'- AATCGGTATAGCAGATGTAATATTCACAGGGATCACTGTAATTAAAATAAATGAAGGATTATGTAATGGA -3' (서열번호 28)
tnaAB 유전자를 결손시키기 위하여, 실시예 6에서와 같은 방법으로 벡터 pKD46이 도입된 대장균 W3110 trpΔ1을 컴피턴트한 상태로 제조한 후, PCR 법으로 얻어진 1300 bp의 유전자 단편을 유입하여 형질전환시켰다. LB 배지에서 클로람페니콜 내성을 가지고 있는 균주를 선별하였으며, 다시 프라이머 19와 프라이머 20을 이용한 PCR로 얻어진 크기가 약 5400 bp로 tnaAB 유전자가 결실되었다는 것을 확인하였다.
프라이머 19
5'- CGGGATAAAGTAAAACCAGG -3' (서열번호 29)
프라이머 20
5'- CGGCGAAGGTAAGTTGATGA -3' (서열번호 30)
클로람페니콜 내성을 가진 1차 재조합 균주에서 실시예 6에서와 같은 방법으로 pKD46 벡터를 제거한 후, 클로람페니콜 마커 유전자를 균체로부터 제거하였다. 최종적으로 얻어진 균체는 프라이머 19와 20으로 PCR을 통해 얻어진 약 550 bp의 증폭산물로 의도 한대로 결실이 이루어졌음을 확인하였고, 제작된 균주를 대장균 W3110 trpΔ2로 명명하였다.
실시예
8: 다양한 발현 양상을 가진 트립토판
오페론을
가지는 균주들의 L-트립토판 생산성 확인
앞서 기술한 실시예 3, 4 및 5에 기술된 방법대로 제작된 벡터들을 도입한 대장균의 효과를 실시예 6및 7에서 만들어진 W3110 trpΔ2를 모균주로 하여 글루코스를 탄소원으로 평가를 진행하였다.
역가 평가를 위하여 균체를 백금이로 접종한 후, LB 고체 배지에서 밤새 배양하고, 하기 표 2에서와 같은 조성을 갖는 25 ml의 플라스크 역가 배지에 한 백금이 씩 접종하였다. 균주 접종 후 37℃, 200rpm에서 48시간 동안 배양하고, 그로부터 얻어진 결과를 표 3에 나타내었다. 모든 결과는 3개의 플라스크 결과의 평균값을 사용하였다.
조성물 | 농도 (리터당) |
글루코오스 | 2 g |
KH2PO4 | 1 g |
(NH4)2SO4 | 12 g |
NaCl | 1 g |
Na2HPO4·H2O | 5 g |
MgSO4·H2O | 1 g |
MnSO4·H2O | 15 mg |
CuSO4·H2O | 3 mg |
ZnSO4·H2O | 30 mg |
구연산나트륨 | 1 g |
효모액기스 | 1 g |
페닐알라닌 | 0.15 g |
pH | 6.8 |
모균주 | 벡터 | L-트립토판 (g/L)** |
안스라닐산염 (mg/L) ** |
|
W3110 trpΔ2 | pCL계열 | pBAC계열 | ||
pCL1920 | pCC1BAC | 0.1 | 13 | |
pCL-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | 0.4 | 56 | |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | 0.4 | 53 | ||
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | 0.5 | 61 | ||
pCL-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | 0.4 | 68 | |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | 0.5 | 73 | ||
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | 0.4 | 74 | ||
pCL-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | 0.6 | 89 | |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | 0.5 | 95 | ||
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | 0.7 | 98 | ||
pCL-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA | 0.5 | 34 | |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA | 0.6 | 35 | ||
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA | 0.6 | 40 | ||
pCL-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA | 0.5 | 45 | |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA | 0.5 | 42 | ||
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA | 0.6 | 38 | ||
pCL-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA | 0.7 | 36 | |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA | 0.8 | 28 | ||
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA | 1.0 | 29 |
상기 표 3의 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 모균주인 대장균 W3110 trpΔ2에 여러 가지 벡터들을 조합으로 도입하였을 때, 트립토판 오페론만을 계속해서 강화시키면 안스라닐산염이 축적되면서 트립토판 수율에 긍정적 효과를 보이지 않는다. Trp 오페론을 강화하면서 동시에 trpDCBA를 강화하는 방향으로 변형된 균주는 트립토판 오페론만 강화되었을 때보다 안스라닐산염의 축적이 감소하면서 트립토판 수율에는 긍정적인 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 따라서, 축적된 안스라닐산염의 감소가 트립토판 생산균주에서는 L-트립토판의 최종 수율을 높이기 위한 좋은 방법이라는 것을 확인하였다.
실시예
9: 다양한 발현 양상을 가진 트립토판
오페론을
가지는 균주들의 L-트립토판 생산성 확인
실시예 3, 4 및 5에 기술된 방법대로 제작된 벡터들을 하기 표 5의 조합대로 트립토판 생산균주인 모균주 대장균 KCCM10812P에 도입하여 글루코스를 탄소원으로 역가평가를 진행하였다. 실시예 8의 결과에서와 같이, 트립토판 오페론의 강화와 더불어 trpDCBA의 강화도 중요한 것으로 보여, 트립토판을 생산하는 생산균주에서의 효과를 검증하고자 하였다.
역가 평가를 위하여 균체를 백금이로 접종한 후, LB 고체 배지에서 밤새 배양하고, 하기 표 4에서와 같은 조성을 갖는 25 ml의 플라스크 역가 배지에 한 백금이 씩 접종하였다. 균주 접종 후 37℃, 200rpm에서 48시간 동안 배양하고, 그로부터 얻어진 결과를 표 5에 나타내었다. 모든 결과는 3개의 플라스크 결과의 평균값을 사용하였다.
조성물 | 농도 (리터당) |
글루코오스 | 60 g |
K2HPO4 | 1 g |
(NH4)2SO4 | 10 g |
NaCl | 1 g |
MgSO4·H2O | 1 g |
구연산나트륨 | 5 g |
효모액기스 | 2 g |
탄산칼슘 | 40 g |
구연산나트륨 | 5 g |
페닐알라닌 | 0.15 g |
타이로신 | 0.1 g |
pH | 6.8 |
벡터 | OD | 소모당 (g/L)* |
L-트립토판 (g/L)** |
안스라닐산염 (mg/L) ** |
|
pCL | pBAC | ||||
pCL1920 | pCC1BAC | 13.5 | 53.0 | 7.0 | 1005 |
pCL-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | 14.0 | 52.1 | 7.2 | 1053 |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | 14.2 | 51.0 | 7.5 | 1157 | |
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | 13.8 | 52.6 | 7.1 | 1263 | |
pCL-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | 13.9 | 50.0 | 7.5 | 1170 |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | 13.7 | 51.6 | 7.3 | 1290 | |
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | 13.6 | 49.8 | 7.8 | 1485 | |
pCL-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | 13.8 | 49.8 | 7.5 | 1358 |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | 13.1 | 47.6 | 7.6 | 1501 | |
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | 12.7 | 45.3 | 7.5 | 1853 | |
pCL-Ptrp_trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA | 14.2 | 52.1 | 7.5 | 950 |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA | 14.6 | 51.3 | 7.2 | 813 | |
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA | 14.3 | 52.7 | 7.1 | 687 | |
pCL-DtrpL-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA | 13.9 | 50.6 | 7.5 | 953 |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA | 13.7 | 51.7 | 7.6 | 852 | |
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA | 13.6 | 51.3 | 7.7 | 715 | |
pCL-Dtrp_att-trpEDCBA | pBAC-Ptrp_trpDCBA | 13.2 | 51.6 | 8.0 | 1085 |
pBAC-DtrpL-trpDCBA | 13.9 | 50.9 | 8.6 | 867 | |
pBAC-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA | 13.5 | 51.2 | 9.5 | 783 |
* 33시간 측정치
** 48시간 측정치
상기 표 5의 결과에서 알 수 있듯이, 모균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P에 여러 가지 벡터들을 조합으로 도입하였을 때, 트립토판 오페론만을 계속해서 강화시키면 안스라닐산염이 축적되면서 성장이 소폭 둔화되어 트립토판 수율에 긍정적 효과를 보이지 않는다. 반면, pCL벡터로 오페론을 강화하고, pBAC벡터로 trpDCBA를 강화하는 방향으로 변형된 균주는 트립토판 오페론만 강화되었을 때보다 안스라닐산염의 축적이 감소하면서 트립토판 수율에는 긍정적인 효과를 나타내는 것으로 보인다. 따라서, 축적된 안스라닐산염의 감소가 트립토판 생산균주에서는 L-트립토판의 최종 수율을 높이기 위한 좋은 방법이라는 것을 확인하였다.
실시예
10: 염색체 내 트립토판 생합성 유전자군
trpDCBA
의
카피수가
증가되
고
안스라닐산염이
감소된
균주 제작
실시예 9에서의 결과를 바탕으로 염색체 내 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA의 카피수를 증가시키기 위하여 벡터를 제작하였다.
실시예 5에서 언급된 pCL-Dtrp_att-trpDCBA로부터 Dtrp_att-trpDCBA 영역을 제한효소 EcoRI 및 BamH I으로 절단하여, 같은 제한효소로 절단한 pINT17E에 접합을 통하여 pINT17E-Patt-trpDCBA를 얻었다. 이후, 이것을 트립토판 생산균주로서 모균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P에 도입하여 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA의 카피수를 증가시키기 위하여, 실시예 6에서와 같이 Datsenko KA 등이 개발한 람다 레드 재조합효소(lambda Red recombinase)를 이용한 돌연변이 제작 기법인 1단계 불활성화 방법에 사용되는 pKD46을 사용하였다. 유전자 내부로의 삽입을 확인하기 위한 마커로는 pUCprmfmloxP의 클로람페니콜 유전자를 사용하였다. 먼저 pKD46을 도입한 모균주에 pINT17E-Patt-trpDCBA를 형질전환한 후, 37℃에서 1 내지 2일간 배양하여 콜로니를 얻었다. 얻어진 콜로니들을 대상으로 염색체 내부에 제대로 삽입되었는지의 여부를 프라이머 21과 프라이머 22을 이용하여 PCR로 약 2000 bp 단편을 증폭하여 확인하였다.
프라이머 21
5' TATTTGCTGTCACGAGCAGG 3' (서열번호 31)
프라이머 22
5' AGTTCCGGCATACAACCGGCTT 3' (서열번호 32)
클로람페니콜 내성을 가진 1차 재조합 균주에서 pKD46을 제거한 후, pJW168을 도입하여 클로람페니콜 마커 유전자를 균체로부터 제거하였다(Gene, (2000) 247, 255-264). 프라이머 23과 24를 이용하여 PCR을 통해 얻어진 약 5000 bp의 증폭 산물과 프라이머 25와 26을 통해 얻어진 약 6500 bp의 증폭산물로 염색체 내부에 내재적으로 존재하는 트립토판 오페론에 이어 연속적으로 trpDCBA가 존재하고 있음을 확인하고, 이를 KCCM10812P/ trpDCBA로 명명하였다.
프라이머 23
5' TAATACGACTCACTATAGGG 3' (서열번호 33)
프라이머 24
5' CTGTTGGGCGGAAAAATGAC 3' (서열번호 34)
프라이머 25
5' TGATCGCCAGGGTGCCGACG 3' (서열번호 35)
프라이머 26
5' CCCTATAGTGAGTCGTATTA 3' (서열번호 36)
앞서 얻어진 trpDCBA 카피수 증가 균주에 추가적으로 1 카피를 삽입하기 위하여, 앞서 만들어진 KCCM10812P/ trpDCBA 균주에 pKD46을 도입하고, pINT17E-Patt-trpDCBA 벡터를 KCCM10812P/trpDCBA/pKD46에 도입하여 앞서 기술한 방법대로 염색체 내에 2 카피가 삽입된 균주를 제작하였다. 제작된 균주는 KCCM10812P/ 2trpDCBA로 명명하였다. 이를 2011년 12월 29일자로 대한민국 서울 특별시 서대문구 홍제 1동 361-221 번지에 소재하는 국제기탁기관인 한국종균협회 부설 한국미생물보존센터에 수탁번호 KCCM11246P로 기탁하였다.
실시예
11: 트립토판 생합성 유전자군
trpDCBA
에 의하여 암호화되는 단백질의 활성이
증가된
L-트립토판
생산균주의
효과 확인
실시예 10에서 기술된 방법에 따라 트립토판 생산균주인 대장균 KCCM10812P에 trpDCBA가 추가 도입되어 트립토판 생합성 경로의 일부 효소의 활성이 강화된 KCCM10812P/trpDCBA를 글루코스를 탄소원으로 하여 역가 평가를 진행하였다.
역가 평가를 위하여 균체를 백금이로 접종한 후, LB 고체 배지에서 밤새 배양하고, 하기 표 4와 같은 조성을 갖는 25 ml의 플라스크 역가 배지에 한 백금이 씩 접종하였다. 균주 접종 후 37℃, 200rpm에서 48시간 동안 배양하고, 그로부터 얻어진 결과를 표 6에 나타내었다. 모든 결과는 3개의 플라스크 결과의 평균값을 사용하였다.
균주 | OD | 소모당 (g/L)* |
L-트립토판 (g/L)** |
안스라닐산염 (mg/L) |
KCCM10812P | 14.0 | 54.0 | 7.2 | 1020 |
KCCM10812P/ trpDCBA | 14.5 | 54.5 | 7.9 | 630 |
KCCM10812P/ 2 trpDCBA | 13.3 | 55.2 | 8.2 | 320 |
* 33시간 측정치
** 48시간 측정치
상기 표 6에서 보는 바와 같이, 염색체 내부에 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA를 한 카피 추가하였을 때에는 안스라닐산염의 농도가 39% 감소하나, 두 카피를 추가하였을 때에는 모균주 대비 69% 감소하는 결과를 얻을 수 있었다.
또한, L-트립토판 농도의 경우 각각 10%, 13% 증가하는 결과를 얻었다. 표 6에서 기술하고 있는 바와 같이, trpDCBA의 카피를 증가시켰을 때 글루코스 소모 속도가 소폭 감소하는 경우도 있지만, 전체적으로 살펴볼 때 트립토판 생합성 유전자군의 강화가 L-트립토판 농도의 증가와 안스라닐산염 농도 감소에 좋은 효과를 미침을 확인하였다.
이상의 설명으로부터, 본 발명이 속하는 기술분야의 당 업자는 본 발명이 그 기술적 사상이나 필수적 특징을 변경하지 않고서 다른 구체적인 형태로 실시될 수 있다는 것을 이해할 수 있을 것이다. 이와 관련하여, 이상에서 기술한 실시 예들은 모든 면에서 예시적인 것이며 한정적인 것이 아닌 것으로서 이해해야만 한다. 본 발명의 범위는 상기 상세한 설명보다는 후술하는 특허 청구범위의 의미 및 범위 그리고 그 등가 개념으로부터 도출되는 모든 변경 또는 변형된 형태가 본 발명의 범위에 포함되는 것으로 해석되어야 한다.
<110> CJ Cheiljedang Corporation
<120> A MICROORGANISM OF ESCHERICHIA COLI GENUS HAVING ENHANCED
L-TRYPTOPHAN PRODUCING ACTIVITY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING
L-TRYPTOPHAN USING THE SAME
<130> PA15-0144
<150> 10-2012-0002906
<151> 2012-01-10
<160> 40
<170> KopatentIn 2.0
<210> 1
<211> 273
<212> DNA
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 1
ggcgcactcc cgttctggat aatgtttttt gcgccgacat cataacggtt ctggcaaata 60
ttctgaaatg agctgttgac aattaatcat cgaactagtt aactagtacg caagttcacg 120
taaaaagggt atcgacaatg aaagcaattt tcgtactgaa aggttggtgg cgcacttcct 180
gaaacgggca gtgtattcac catgcgtaaa gcaatcagat acccagcccg cctaatgagc 240
gggctttttt ttgaacaaaa ttagagaata aca 273
<210> 2
<211> 45
<212> DNA
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 2
atgaaagcaa ttttcgtact gaaaggttgg tggcgcactt cctga 45
<210> 3
<211> 91
<212> DNA
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 3
aacgggcagt gtattcacca tgcgtaaagc aatcagatac ccagcccgcc taatgagcgg 60
gctttttttt gaacaaaatt agagaataac a 91
<210> 4
<211> 14
<212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 4
Met Lys Ala Ile Phe Val Leu Lys Gly Trp Trp Arg Thr Ser
1 5 10
<210> 5
<211> 245
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> sequence of DtrpL
<400> 5
ttaggtaccg gcgcactccc gttctggata atgttttttg cgccgacatc ataacggttc 60
tggcaaatat tctgaaatga gctgttgaca attaatcatc gaactagtta actagtacgc 120
aagttcacgt aaaaagggta tcgacaacgg gcagtgtatt caccatgcgt aaagcaatca 180
gatacccagc ccgcctaatg agcgggcttt tttttgaaca aaattagaga ataacagata 240
tcatt 245
<210> 6
<211> 148
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> sequence of Dtrp_att
<400> 6
ttaggtaccg gcgcactccc gttctggata atgttttttg cgccgacatc ataacggttc 60
tggcaaatat tctgaaatga gctgttgaca attaatcatc gaactagtta actagtacgc 120
aagttcacgt aaaaagggtg atatcatt 148
<210> 7
<211> 290
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> sequence of Ptrp
<400> 7
ttaggtaccg gcgcactccc gttctggata atgttttttg cgccgacatc ataacggttc 60
tggcaaatat tctgaatgag ctgttgacaa ttaatcatcg aactagttaa ctagtacgca 120
agttcacgta aaaagggtat cgacaatgaa agcaattttc gtactgaaag gttggtggcg 180
cacttcctga aacgggcagt gtattcacca tgcgtaaagc aatcagatac ccagcccgcc 240
taatgagcgg gctttttttt gaacaaaatt agagaataac agatatcatt 290
<210> 8
<211> 5025
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> sequence of pCL1920GFP
<400> 8
aagcttttcg atcccttatt tgtagagctc atccatgcca tgtgtaatcc cagcagcagt 60
tacaaactca agaaggacca tgtggtcacg cttttcgttg ggatctttcg aaagggcaga 120
ttgtgtcgac aggtaatggt tgtctggtaa aaggacaggg ccatcgccaa ttggagtatt 180
ttgttgataa tggtctgcta gttgaacgga tccatcttca atgttgtggc gaattttgaa 240
gttagctttg attccattct tttgtttgtc tgccgtgatg tatacattgt gtgagttata 300
gttgtactcg agtttgtgtc cgagaatgtt tccatcttct ttaaaatcaa taccttttaa 360
ctcgatacga ttaacaaggg tatcaccttc aaacttgact tcagcacgcg tcttgtagtt 420
cccgtcatct ttgaaagata tagtgcgttc ctgtacataa ccttcgggca tggcactctt 480
gaaaaagtca tgccgtttca tatgatccgg ataacgggaa aagcattgaa caccataaga 540
gaaagtagtg acaagtgttg gccatggaac aggtagtttt ccagtagtgc aaataaattt 600
aagggtaagt tttccgtatg ttgcatcacc ttcaccctct ccactgacag aaaatttgtg 660
cccattaaca tcaccatcta attcaacaag aattgggaca actccagtga aaagttcttc 720
tcctttactc atgatatcgg gtaccgagct cgaattcact ggccgtcgtt ttacaacgtc 780
gtgactggga aaaccctggc gttacccaac ttaatcgcct tgcagcacat ccccctttcg 840
ccagctggcg taatagcgaa gaggcccgca ccgatcgccc ttcccaacag ttgcgcagcc 900
tgaatggcga atggcgcctg atgcggtatt ttctccttac gcatctgtgc ggtatttcac 960
accgcatatg gtgcactctc agtacaatct gctctgatgc cgcatagtta agccagcccc 1020
gacacccgcc aacacccgct gacgagctta gtaaagccct cgctagattt taatgcggat 1080
gttgcgatta cttcgccaac tattgcgata acaagaaaaa gccagccttt catgatatat 1140
ctcccaattt gtgtagggct tattatgcac gcttaaaaat aataaaagca gacttgacct 1200
gatagtttgg ctgtgagcaa ttatgtgctt agtgcatcta acgcttgagt taagccgcgc 1260
cgcgaagcgg cgtcggcttg aacgaattgt tagacattat ttgccgacta ccttggtgat 1320
ctcgcctttc acgtagtgga caaattcttc caactgatct gcgcgcgagg ccaagcgatc 1380
ttcttcttgt ccaagataag cctgtctagc ttcaagtatg acgggctgat actgggccgg 1440
caggcgctcc attgcccagt cggcagcgac atccttcggc gcgattttgc cggttactgc 1500
gctgtaccaa atgcgggaca acgtaagcac tacatttcgc tcatcgccag cccagtcggg 1560
cggcgagttc catagcgtta aggtttcatt tagcgcctca aatagatcct gttcaggaac 1620
cggatcaaag agttcctccg ccgctggacc taccaaggca acgctatgtt ctcttgcttt 1680
tgtcagcaag atagccagat caatgtcgat cgtggctggc tcgaagatac ctgcaagaat 1740
gtcattgcgc tgccattctc caaattgcag ttcgcgctta gctggataac gccacggaat 1800
gatgtcgtcg tgcacaacaa tggtgacttc tacagcgcgg agaatctcgc tctctccagg 1860
ggaagccgaa gtttccaaaa ggtcgttgat caaagctcgc cgcgttgttt catcaagcct 1920
tacggtcacc gtaaccagca aatcaatatc actgtgtggc ttcaggccgc catccactgc 1980
ggagccgtac aaatgtacgg ccagcaacgt cggttcgaga tggcgctcga tgacgccaac 2040
tacctctgat agttgagtcg atacttcggc gatcaccgct tccctcatga tgtttaactt 2100
tgttttaggg cgactgccct gctgcgtaac atcgttgctg ctccataaca tcaaacatcg 2160
acccacggcg taacgcgctt gctgcttgga tgcccgaggc atagactgta ccccaaaaaa 2220
acagtcataa caagccatga aaaccgccac tgcgccgtta ccaccgctgc gttcggtcaa 2280
ggttctggac cagttgcgtg agcgcatacg ctacttgcat tacagcttac gaaccgaaca 2340
ggcttatgtc cactgggttc gtgccttcat ccgtttccac ggtgtgcgtc acccggcaac 2400
cttgggcagc agcgaagtcg aggcatttct gtcctggctg gcgaacgagc gcaaggtttc 2460
ggtctccacg catcgtcagg cattggcggc cttgctgttc ttctacggca aggtgctgtg 2520
cacggatctg ccctggcttc aggagatcgg aagacctcgg ccgtcgcggc gcttgccggt 2580
ggtgctgacc ccggatgaag tggttcgcat cctcggtttt ctggaaggcg agcatcgttt 2640
gttcgcccag cttctgtatg gaacgggcat gcggatcagt gagggtttgc aactgcgggt 2700
caaggatctg gatttcgatc acggcacgat catcgtgcgg gagggcaagg gctccaagga 2760
tcgggccttg atgttacccg agagcttggc acccagcctg cgcgagcagg ggaattaatt 2820
cccacgggtt ttgctgcccg caaacgggct gttctggtgt tgctagtttg ttatcagaat 2880
cgcagatccg gcttcagccg gtttgccggc tgaaagcgct atttcttcca gaattgccat 2940
gattttttcc ccacgggagg cgtcactggc tcccgtgttg tcggcagctt tgattcgata 3000
agcagcatcg cctgtttcag gctgtctatg tgtgactgtt gagctgtaac aagttgtctc 3060
aggtgttcaa tttcatgttc tagttgcttt gttttactgg tttcacctgt tctattaggt 3120
gttacatgct gttcatctgt tacattgtcg atctgttcat ggtgaacagc tttgaatgca 3180
ccaaaaactc gtaaaagctc tgatgtatct atctttttta caccgttttc atctgtgcat 3240
atggacagtt ttccctttga tatgtaacgg tgaacagttg ttctactttt gtttgttagt 3300
cttgatgctt cactgataga tacaagagcc ataagaacct cagatccttc cgtatttagc 3360
cagtatgttc tctagtgtgg ttcgttgttt ttgcgtgagc catgagaacg aaccattgag 3420
atcatactta ctttgcatgt cactcaaaaa ttttgcctca aaactggtga gctgaatttt 3480
tgcagttaaa gcatcgtgta gtgtttttct tagtccgtta tgtaggtagg aatctgatgt 3540
aatggttgtt ggtattttgt caccattcat ttttatctgg ttgttctcaa gttcggttac 3600
gagatccatt tgtctatcta gttcaacttg gaaaatcaac gtatcagtcg ggcggcctcg 3660
cttatcaacc accaatttca tattgctgta agtgtttaaa tctttactta ttggtttcaa 3720
aacccattgg ttaagccttt taaactcatg gtagttattt tcaagcatta acatgaactt 3780
aaattcatca aggctaatct ctatatttgc cttgtgagtt ttcttttgtg ttagttcttt 3840
taataaccac tcataaatcc tcatagagta tttgttttca aaagacttaa catgttccag 3900
attatatttt atgaattttt ttaactggaa aagataaggc aatatctctt cactaaaaac 3960
taattctaat ttttcgcttg agaacttggc atagtttgtc cactggaaaa tctcaaagcc 4020
tttaaccaaa ggattcctga tttccacagt tctcgtcatc agctctctgg ttgctttagc 4080
taatacacca taagcatttt ccctactgat gttcatcatc tgagcgtatt ggttataagt 4140
gaacgatacc gtccgttctt tccttgtagg gttttcaatc gtggggttga gtagtgccac 4200
acagcataaa attagcttgg tttcatgctc cgttaagtca tagcgactaa tcgctagttc 4260
atttgctttg aaaacaacta attcagacat acatctcaat tggtctaggt gattttaatc 4320
actataccaa ttgagatggg ctagtcaatg ataattacta gtccttttcc tttgagttgt 4380
gggtatctgt aaattctgct agacctttgc tggaaaactt gtaaattctg ctagaccctc 4440
tgtaaattcc gctagacctt tgtgtgtttt ttttgtttat attcaagtgg ttataattta 4500
tagaataaag aaagaataaa aaaagataaa aagaatagat cccagccctg tgtataactc 4560
actactttag tcagttccgc agtattacaa aaggatgtcg caaacgctgt ttgctcctct 4620
acaaaacaga ccttaaaacc ctaaaggctt aagtagcacc ctcgcaagct cgggcaaatc 4680
gctgaatatt ccttttgtct ccgaccatca ggcacctgag tcgctgtctt tttcgtgaca 4740
ttcagttcgc tgcgctcacg gctctggcag tgaatggggg taaatggcac tacaggcgcc 4800
ttttatggat tcatgcaagg aaactaccca taatacaaga aaagcccgtc acgggcttct 4860
cagggcgttt tatggcgggt ctgctatgtg gtgctatctg actttttgct gttcagcagt 4920
tcctgccctc tgattttcca gtctgaccac ttcggattat cccgtgacag gtcattcaga 4980
ctggctaatg cacccagtaa ggcagcggta tcatcaacag gctta 5025
<210> 9
<211> 6564
<212> DNA
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 9
cccgatatca tgcaaacaca aaaaccgact ctcgaactgc taacctgcga aggcgcttat 60
cgcgacaatt ccaccgcgct ttttcaccag ttgtgtgggg atcgtccggc aacgctgctg 120
ctggaatccg cagatatcga cagcaaagat gatttaaaaa gcctgctgct ggtagacagt 180
gcgctgcgca ttacagcttt aggtgacact gtcacaatcc aggcactttc cggcaacggc 240
gaagccctcc tggcactact ggataacgcc ctgcctgcgg gtgtggaaag tgaacaatca 300
ccaaactgcc gtgtgctgcg cttcccccct gtcagtccac tgctggatga agacgcccgc 360
ttatgctccc tttcggtttt tgacgctttc cgtttattgc agaatctgtt gaatgtaccg 420
aaggaagaac gagaagccat gttcttcggc ggcctgttct cttatgacct tgtggcggga 480
tttgaagatt taccgcaact gtcagcggaa aataactgcc ctgatttctg tttttatctc 540
gctgaaacgc tgatggtgat tgaccatcag aaaaaaagca cccgtattca ggccagcctg 600
tttgctccga atgaagaaga aaaacaacgt ctcactgctc gcctgaacga actacgtcag 660
caactgaccg aagccgcgcc gccgctgcca gtggtttccg tgccgcatat gcgttgtgaa 720
tgtaatcaga gcgatgaaga gttcggtggc gtagtgcgtt tgttgcaaaa agcgattcgc 780
gctggagaaa ttttccaggt ggtgccatct cgccgtttct ctctgccctg cccgtcaccg 840
ctggcggcct attacgtgct gaaaaagagt aatcccagcc cgtacatgtt ttttatgcag 900
gataatgatt tcaccctatt tggcgcgtcg ccggaaagct cgctcaagta tgatgccacc 960
agccgccaga ttgagatcta cccgattgcc ggaacacgcc cacgcggtcg tcgcgccgat 1020
ggttcactgg acagagatct cgacagccgt attgaactgg aaatgcgtac cgatcataaa 1080
gagctgtctg aacatctgat gctggttgat ctcgcccgta atgatctggc acgcatttgc 1140
acccccggca gccgctacgt cgccgatctc accaaagttg accgttattc ctatgtgatg 1200
cacctcgtct ctcgcgtagt cggcgaactg cgtcacgatc ttgacgccct gcacgcttat 1260
cgcgcctgta tgaatatggg gacgttaagc ggtgcgccga aagtacgcgc tatgcagtta 1320
attgccgagg cggaaggtcg tcgccgcggc agctacggcg gcgcggtagg ttatttcacc 1380
gcgcatggcg atctcgacac ctgcattgtg atccgctcgg cgctggtgga aaacggtatc 1440
gccaccgtgc aagcgggtgc tggtgtagtc cttgattctg ttccgcagtc ggaagccgac 1500
gaaacccgta acaaagcccg cgctgtactg cgcgctattg ccaccgcgca tcatgcacag 1560
gagactttct gatggctgac attctgctgc tcgataatat cgactctttt acgtacaacc 1620
tggcagatca gttgcgcagc aatgggcata acgtggtgat ttaccgcaac catattccgg 1680
cgcaaacctt aattgaacgc ctggcgacca tgagcaatcc ggtgctgatg ctttctcctg 1740
gccccggtgt gccgagcgaa gccggttgta tgccggaact cctcacccgc ttgcgtggca 1800
agctgcccat tattggcatt tgcctcggac atcaggcgat tgtcgaagct tacgggggct 1860
atgtcggtca ggcgggcgaa attctccacg gtaaagcctc cagcattgaa catgacggtc 1920
aggcgatgtt tgccggatta acaaacccgc tgccggtggc gcgttatcac tcgctggttg 1980
gcagtaacat tccggccggt ttaaccatca acgcccattt taatggcatg gtgatggcag 2040
tacgtcacga tgcggatcgc gtttgtggat tccagttcca tccggaatcc attctcacca 2100
cccagggcgc tcgcctgctg gaacaaacgc tggcctgggc gcagcagaaa ctagagccag 2160
ccaacacgct gcaaccgatt ctggaaaaac tgtatcaggc gcagacgctt agccaacaag 2220
aaagccacca gctgttttca gcggtggtgc gtggcgagct gaagccggaa caactggcgg 2280
cggcgctggt gagcatgaaa attcgcggtg agcacccgaa cgagatcgcc ggggcagcaa 2340
ccgcgctact ggaaaacgca gcgccgttcc cgcgcccgga ttatctgttt gctgatatcg 2400
tcggtactgg cggtgacggc agcaacagta tcaatatttc taccgccagt gcgtttgtcg 2460
ccgcggcctg tgggctgaaa gtggcgaaac acggcaaccg tagcgtctcc agtaaatctg 2520
gttcgtccga tctgctggcg gcgttcggta ttaatcttga tatgaacgcc gataaatcgc 2580
gccaggcgct ggatgagtta ggtgtatgtt tcctctttgc gccgaagtat cacaccggat 2640
tccgccacgc gatgccggtt cgccagcaac tgaaaacccg caccctgttc aatgtgctgg 2700
ggccattgat taacccggcg catccgccgc tggcgttaat tggtgtttat agtccggaac 2760
tggtgctgcc gattgccgaa accttgcgcg tgctggggta tcaacgcgcg gcggtggtgc 2820
acagcggcgg gatggatgaa gtttcattac acgcgccgac aatcgttgcc gaactgcatg 2880
acggcgaaat taaaagctat cagctcaccg cagaagactt tggcctgaca ccctaccacc 2940
aggagcaact ggcaggcgga acaccggaag aaaaccgtga cattttaaca cgtttgttac 3000
aaggtaaagg cgacgccgcc catgaagcag ccgtcgctgc gaacgtcgcc atgttaatgc 3060
gcctgcatgg ccatgaagat ctgcaagcca atgcgcaaac cgttcttgag gtactgcgca 3120
gtggttccgc ttacgacaga gtcaccgcac tggcggcacg agggtaaatg atgcaaaccg 3180
ttttagcgaa aatcgtcgca gacaaggcga tttgggtaga agcccgcaaa cagcagcaac 3240
cgctggccag ttttcagaat gaggttcagc cgagcacgcg acatttttat gatgcgctac 3300
agggtgcgcg cacggcgttt attctggagt gcaagaaagc gtcgccgtca aaaggcgtga 3360
tccgtgatga tttcgatcca gcacgcattg ccgccattta taaacattac gcttcggcaa 3420
tttcggtgct gactgatgag aaatattttc aggggagctt taatttcctc cccatcgtca 3480
gccaaatcgc cccgcagccg attttatgta aagacttcat tatcgaccct taccagatct 3540
atctggcgcg ctattaccag gccgatgcct gcttattaat gctttcagta ctggatgacg 3600
accaatatcg ccagcttgcc gccgtcgctc acagtctgga gatgggggtg ctgaccgaag 3660
tcagtaatga agaggaacag gagcgcgcca ttgcattggg agcaaaggtc gttggcatca 3720
acaaccgcga tctgcgtgat ttgtcgattg atctcaaccg tacccgcgag cttgcgccga 3780
aactggggca caacgtgacg gtaatcagcg aatccggcat caatacttac gctcaggtgc 3840
gcgagttaag ccacttcgct aacggttttc tgattggttc ggcgttgatg gcccatgacg 3900
atttgcacgc cgccgtgcgc cgggtgttgc tgggtgagaa taaagtatgt ggcctgacgc 3960
gtgggcaaga tgctaaagca gcttatgacg cgggcgcgat ttacggtggg ttgatttttg 4020
ttgcgacatc accgcgttgc gtcaacgttg aacaggcgca ggaagtgatg gctgcggcac 4080
cgttgcagta tgttggcgtg ttccgcaatc acgatattgc cgatgtggtg gacaaagcta 4140
aggtgttatc gctggcggca gtgcaactgc atggtaatga agaacagctg tatatcgata 4200
cgctgcgtga agctctgcca gcacatgttg ccatctggaa agcattaagc gtcggtgaaa 4260
ccctgcccgc ccgcgagttt cagcacgttg ataaatatgt tttagacaac ggccagggtg 4320
gaagcgggca acgttttgac tggtcactat taaatggtca atcgcttggc aacgttctgc 4380
tggcgggggg cttaggcgca gataactgcg tggaagcggc acaaaccggc tgcgccggac 4440
ttgattttaa ttctgctgta gagtcgcaac cgggcatcaa agacgcacgt cttttggcct 4500
cggttttcca gacgctgcgc gcatattaag gaaaggaaca atgacaacat tacttaaccc 4560
ctattttggt gagtttggcg gcatgtacgt gccacaaatc ctgatgcctg ctctgcgcca 4620
gctggaagaa gcttttgtca gtgcgcaaaa agatcctgaa tttcaggctc agttcaacga 4680
cctgctgaaa aactatgccg ggcgtccaac cgcgctgacc aaatgccaga acattacagc 4740
cgggacgaac accacgctgt atctcaagcg tgaagatttg ctgcacggcg gcgcgcataa 4800
aactaaccag gtgctggggc aggcgttgct ggcgaagcgg atgggtaaaa ccgaaatcat 4860
cgccgaaacc ggtgccggtc agcatggcgt ggcgtcggcc cttgccagcg ccctgctcgg 4920
cctgaaatgc cgtatttata tgggtgccaa agacgttgaa cgccagtcgc ctaacgtttt 4980
tcgtatgcgc ttaatgggtg cggaagtgat cccggtgcat agcggttccg cgacgctgaa 5040
agatgcctgt aacgaggcgc tgcgcgactg gtccggtagt tacgaaaccg cgcactatat 5100
gctgggcacc gcagctggcc cgcatcctta tccgaccatt gtgcgtgagt ttcagcggat 5160
gattggcgaa gaaaccaaag cgcagattct ggaaagagaa ggtcgcctgc cggatgccgt 5220
tatcgcctgt gttggcggcg gttcgaatgc catcggcatg tttgctgatt tcatcaatga 5280
aaccaacgtc ggcctgattg gtgtggagcc aggtggtcac ggtatcgaaa ctggcgagca 5340
cggcgcaccg ctaaaacatg gtcgcgtggg tatctatttc ggtatgaaag cgccgatgat 5400
gcaaaccgaa gacgggcaga ttgaagaatc ttactccatc tccgccggac tggatttccc 5460
gtctgtcggc ccacaacacg cgtatcttaa cagcactgga cgcgctgatt acgtgtctat 5520
taccgatgat gaagcccttg aagccttcaa aacgctgtgc ctgcacgaag ggatcatccc 5580
ggcgctggaa tcctcccacg ccctggccca tgcgttgaaa atgatgcgcg aaaacccgga 5640
taaagagcag ctactggtgg ttaacctttc cggtcgcggc gataaagaca tcttcaccgt 5700
tcacgatatt ttgaaagcac gaggggaaat ctgatggaac gctacgaatc tctgtttgcc 5760
cagttgaagg agcgcaaaga aggcgcattc gttcctttcg tcacgctcgg tgatccgggc 5820
attgagcagt cattgaaaat tatcgatacg ctaattgaag ccggtgctga cgcgctggag 5880
ttaggtatcc ccttctccga cccactggcg gatggcccga cgattcaaaa cgccactctg 5940
cgcgcctttg cggcaggtgt gactccggca caatgttttg aaatgctggc actgattcgc 6000
cagaaacacc cgaccattcc cattggcctg ttgatgtatg ccaatctggt gtttaacaaa 6060
ggcattgatg agttttatgc ccagtgcgaa aaagtcggcg tcgattcggt gctggttgcc 6120
gatgtgccag ttgaagagtc cgcgcccttc cgccaggccg cgttgcgtca taatgtcgca 6180
cctatcttca tctgcccgcc aaatgccgat gacgacctgc tgcgccagat agcctcttac 6240
ggtcgtggtt acacctattt gctgtcacga gcaggcgtga ccggcgcaga aaaccgcgcc 6300
gcgttacccc tcaatcatct ggttgcgaag ctgaaagagt acaacgctgc acctccattg 6360
cagggatttg gtatttccgc cccggatcag gtaaaagcag cgattgatgc aggagctgcg 6420
ggcgcgattt ctggttcggc cattgttaaa atcatcgagc aacatattaa tgagccagag 6480
aaaatgctgg cggcactgaa agtttttgta caaccgatga aagcggcgac gcgcagttaa 6540
tcccacggat cctttaagct tccc 6564
<210> 10
<211> 5002
<212> DNA
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 10
aaagatatca tggctgacat tctgctgctc gataatatcg actcttttac gtacaacctg 60
gcagatcagt tgcgcagcaa tgggcataac gtggtgattt accgcaacca tattccggcg 120
caaaccttaa ttgaacgcct ggcgaccatg agcaatccgg tgctgatgct ttctcctggc 180
cccggtgtgc cgagcgaagc cggttgtatg ccggaactcc tcacccgctt gcgtggcaag 240
ctgcccatta ttggcatttg cctcggacat caggcgattg tcgaagctta cgggggctat 300
gtcggtcagg cgggcgaaat tctccacggt aaagcctcca gcattgaaca tgacggtcag 360
gcgatgtttg ccggattaac aaacccgctg ccggtggcgc gttatcactc gctggttggc 420
agtaacattc cggccggttt aaccatcaac gcccatttta atggcatggt gatggcagta 480
cgtcacgatg cggatcgcgt ttgtggattc cagttccatc cggaatccat tctcaccacc 540
cagggcgctc gcctgctgga acaaacgctg gcctgggcgc agcagaaact agagccagcc 600
aacacgctgc aaccgattct ggaaaaactg tatcaggcgc agacgcttag ccaacaagaa 660
agccaccagc tgttttcagc ggtggtgcgt ggcgagctga agccggaaca actggcggcg 720
gcgctggtga gcatgaaaat tcgcggtgag cacccgaacg agatcgccgg ggcagcaacc 780
gcgctactgg aaaacgcagc gccgttcccg cgcccggatt atctgtttgc tgatatcgtc 840
ggtactggcg gtgacggcag caacagtatc aatatttcta ccgccagtgc gtttgtcgcc 900
gcggcctgtg ggctgaaagt ggcgaaacac ggcaaccgta gcgtctccag taaatctggt 960
tcgtccgatc tgctggcggc gttcggtatt aatcttgata tgaacgccga taaatcgcgc 1020
caggcgctgg atgagttagg tgtatgtttc ctctttgcgc cgaagtatca caccggattc 1080
cgccacgcga tgccggttcg ccagcaactg aaaacccgca ccctgttcaa tgtgctgggg 1140
ccattgatta acccggcgca tccgccgctg gcgttaattg gtgtttatag tccggaactg 1200
gtgctgccga ttgccgaaac cttgcgcgtg ctggggtatc aacgcgcggc ggtggtgcac 1260
agcggcggga tggatgaagt ttcattacac gcgccgacaa tcgttgccga actgcatgac 1320
ggcgaaatta aaagctatca gctcaccgca gaagactttg gcctgacacc ctaccaccag 1380
gagcaactgg caggcggaac accggaagaa aaccgtgaca ttttaacacg tttgttacaa 1440
ggtaaaggcg acgccgccca tgaagcagcc gtcgctgcga acgtcgccat gttaatgcgc 1500
ctgcatggcc atgaagatct gcaagccaat gcgcaaaccg ttcttgaggt actgcgcagt 1560
ggttccgctt acgacagagt caccgcactg gcggcacgag ggtaaatgat gcaaaccgtt 1620
ttagcgaaaa tcgtcgcaga caaggcgatt tgggtagaag cccgcaaaca gcagcaaccg 1680
ctggccagtt ttcagaatga ggttcagccg agcacgcgac atttttatga tgcgctacag 1740
ggtgcgcgca cggcgtttat tctggagtgc aagaaagcgt cgccgtcaaa aggcgtgatc 1800
cgtgatgatt tcgatccagc acgcattgcc gccatttata aacattacgc ttcggcaatt 1860
tcggtgctga ctgatgagaa atattttcag gggagcttta atttcctccc catcgtcagc 1920
caaatcgccc cgcagccgat tttatgtaaa gacttcatta tcgaccctta ccagatctat 1980
ctggcgcgct attaccaggc cgatgcctgc ttattaatgc tttcagtact ggatgacgac 2040
caatatcgcc agcttgccgc cgtcgctcac agtctggaga tgggggtgct gaccgaagtc 2100
agtaatgaag aggaacagga gcgcgccatt gcattgggag caaaggtcgt tggcatcaac 2160
aaccgcgatc tgcgtgattt gtcgattgat ctcaaccgta cccgcgagct tgcgccgaaa 2220
ctggggcaca acgtgacggt aatcagcgaa tccggcatca atacttacgc tcaggtgcgc 2280
gagttaagcc acttcgctaa cggttttctg attggttcgg cgttgatggc ccatgacgat 2340
ttgcacgccg ccgtgcgccg ggtgttgctg ggtgagaata aagtatgtgg cctgacgcgt 2400
gggcaagatg ctaaagcagc ttatgacgcg ggcgcgattt acggtgggtt gatttttgtt 2460
gcgacatcac cgcgttgcgt caacgttgaa caggcgcagg aagtgatggc tgcggcaccg 2520
ttgcagtatg ttggcgtgtt ccgcaatcac gatattgccg atgtggtgga caaagctaag 2580
gtgttatcgc tggcggcagt gcaactgcat ggtaatgaag aacagctgta tatcgatacg 2640
ctgcgtgaag ctctgccagc acatgttgcc atctggaaag cattaagcgt cggtgaaacc 2700
ctgcccgccc gcgagtttca gcacgttgat aaatatgttt tagacaacgg ccagggtgga 2760
agcgggcaac gttttgactg gtcactatta aatggtcaat cgcttggcaa cgttctgctg 2820
gcggggggct taggcgcaga taactgcgtg gaagcggcac aaaccggctg cgccggactt 2880
gattttaatt ctgctgtaga gtcgcaaccg ggcatcaaag acgcacgtct tttggcctcg 2940
gttttccaga cgctgcgcgc atattaagga aaggaacaat gacaacatta cttaacccct 3000
attttggtga gtttggcggc atgtacgtgc cacaaatcct gatgcctgct ctgcgccagc 3060
tggaagaagc ttttgtcagt gcgcaaaaag atcctgaatt tcaggctcag ttcaacgacc 3120
tgctgaaaaa ctatgccggg cgtccaaccg cgctgaccaa atgccagaac attacagccg 3180
ggacgaacac cacgctgtat ctcaagcgtg aagatttgct gcacggcggc gcgcataaaa 3240
ctaaccaggt gctggggcag gcgttgctgg cgaagcggat gggtaaaacc gaaatcatcg 3300
ccgaaaccgg tgccggtcag catggcgtgg cgtcggccct tgccagcgcc ctgctcggcc 3360
tgaaatgccg tatttatatg ggtgccaaag acgttgaacg ccagtcgcct aacgtttttc 3420
gtatgcgctt aatgggtgcg gaagtgatcc cggtgcatag cggttccgcg acgctgaaag 3480
atgcctgtaa cgaggcgctg cgcgactggt ccggtagtta cgaaaccgcg cactatatgc 3540
tgggcaccgc agctggcccg catccttatc cgaccattgt gcgtgagttt cagcggatga 3600
ttggcgaaga aaccaaagcg cagattctgg aaagagaagg tcgcctgccg gatgccgtta 3660
tcgcctgtgt tggcggcggt tcgaatgcca tcggcatgtt tgctgatttc atcaatgaaa 3720
ccaacgtcgg cctgattggt gtggagccag gtggtcacgg tatcgaaact ggcgagcacg 3780
gcgcaccgct aaaacatggt cgcgtgggta tctatttcgg tatgaaagcg ccgatgatgc 3840
aaaccgaaga cgggcagatt gaagaatctt actccatctc cgccggactg gatttcccgt 3900
ctgtcggccc acaacacgcg tatcttaaca gcactggacg cgctgattac gtgtctatta 3960
ccgatgatga agcccttgaa gccttcaaaa cgctgtgcct gcacgaaggg atcatcccgg 4020
cgctggaatc ctcccacgcc ctggcccatg cgttgaaaat gatgcgcgaa aacccggata 4080
aagagcagct actggtggtt aacctttccg gtcgcggcga taaagacatc ttcaccgttc 4140
acgatatttt gaaagcacga ggggaaatct gatggaacgc tacgaatctc tgtttgccca 4200
gttgaaggag cgcaaagaag gcgcattcgt tcctttcgtc acgctcggtg atccgggcat 4260
tgagcagtca ttgaaaatta tcgatacgct aattgaagcc ggtgctgacg cgctggagtt 4320
aggtatcccc ttctccgacc cactggcgga tggcccgacg attcaaaacg ccactctgcg 4380
cgcctttgcg gcaggtgtga ctccggcaca atgttttgaa atgctggcac tgattcgcca 4440
gaaacacccg accattccca ttggcctgtt gatgtatgcc aatctggtgt ttaacaaagg 4500
cattgatgag ttttatgccc agtgcgaaaa agtcggcgtc gattcggtgc tggttgccga 4560
tgtgccagtt gaagagtccg cgcccttccg ccaggccgcg ttgcgtcata atgtcgcacc 4620
tatcttcatc tgcccgccaa atgccgatga cgacctgctg cgccagatag cctcttacgg 4680
tcgtggttac acctatttgc tgtcacgagc aggcgtgacc ggcgcagaaa accgcgccgc 4740
gttacccctc aatcatctgg ttgcgaagct gaaagagtac aacgctgcac ctccattgca 4800
gggatttggt atttccgccc cggatcaggt aaaagcagcg attgatgcag gagctgcggg 4860
cgcgatttct ggttcggcca ttgttaaaat catcgagcaa catattaatg agccagagaa 4920
aatgctggcg gcactgaaag tttttgtaca accgatgaaa gcggcgacgc gcagttaatc 4980
ccacggatcc tttaagcttc cc 5002
<210> 11
<211> 30
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 1
<400> 11
ttaggtaccg gcgcactccc gttctggata 30
<210> 12
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 2
<400> 12
actgcccgtt gtcgataccc tttttacgt 29
<210> 13
<211> 27
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 3
<400> 13
tcgacaacgg gcagtgtatt caccatg 27
<210> 14
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 4
<400> 14
aatgatatct gttattctct aattttgtt 29
<210> 15
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 5
<400> 15
aatgatatca ccctttttac gtgaacttg 29
<210> 16
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 6
<400> 16
cccgatatca tgcaaacaca aaaaccgac 29
<210> 17
<211> 45
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 7
<400> 17
gggaagctta aaggatccgt gggattaact gcgcgtcgcc gcttt 45
<210> 18
<211> 29
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 8
<400> 18
aaagatatca tggctgacat tctgctgct 29
<210> 19
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 9
<400> 19
ggcctcccaa atcggggggc cttttttatt gataacaaaa aggcaacact aggtgacact 60
atagaacgcg 70
<210> 20
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 10
<400> 20
aacagcccaa taccttcatt gaacgggtga tttcccctaa ctctttcaat tagtggatct 60
gatgggtacc 70
<210> 21
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 11
<400> 21
gaatgggagg cgtttcgtcg tgtgaaacag aatgcgaaga cgaacaataa ggcctcccaa 60
atcggggggc 70
<210> 22
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 12
<400> 22
ggcacctttt catcaggttg gatcaacagg cactacgttc tcacttgggt aacagcccaa 60
taccttcatt 70
<210> 23
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 13
<400> 23
ttgagtgtat cgccaacgcg 20
<210> 24
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 14
<400> 24
aaagccgcgt gttattgcgt 20
<210> 25
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 15
<400> 25
ttagccaaat ttaggtaaca cgttaaagac gttgccgaac cagcacaaaa aggtgacact 60
atagaacgcg 70
<210> 26
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 16
<400> 26
atgaaggatt atgtaatgga aaactttaaa catctccctg aaccgttccg tagtggatct 60
gatgggtacc 70
<210> 27
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 17
<400> 27
tgatttcctg agaggcaaga agccagcgaa tggctggctt cttgaaggat ttagccaaat 60
ttaggtaaca 70
<210> 28
<211> 70
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 18
<400> 28
aatcggtata gcagatgtaa tattcacagg gatcactgta attaaaataa atgaaggatt 60
atgtaatgga 70
<210> 29
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 19
<400> 29
cgggataaag taaaaccagg 20
<210> 30
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 20
<400> 30
cggcgaaggt aagttgatga 20
<210> 31
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 21
<400> 31
tatttgctgt cacgagcagg 20
<210> 32
<211> 22
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 22
<400> 32
agttccggca tacaaccggc tt 22
<210> 33
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 23
<400> 33
taatacgact cactataggg 20
<210> 34
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 24
<400> 34
ctgttgggcg gaaaaatgac 20
<210> 35
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 25
<400> 35
tgatcgccag ggtgccgacg 20
<210> 36
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> Artificial Sequence
<220>
<223> primer 26
<400> 36
ccctatagtg agtcgtatta 20
<210> 37
<211> 531
<212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 37
Met Ala Asp Ile Leu Leu Leu Asp Asn Ile Asp Ser Phe Thr Tyr Asn
1 5 10 15
Leu Ala Asp Gln Leu Arg Ser Asn Gly His Asn Val Val Ile Tyr Arg
20 25 30
Asn His Ile Pro Ala Gln Thr Leu Ile Glu Arg Leu Ala Thr Met Ser
35 40 45
Asn Pro Val Leu Met Leu Ser Pro Gly Pro Gly Val Pro Ser Glu Ala
50 55 60
Gly Cys Met Pro Glu Leu Leu Thr Arg Leu Arg Gly Lys Leu Pro Ile
65 70 75 80
Ile Gly Ile Cys Leu Gly His Gln Ala Ile Val Glu Ala Tyr Gly Gly
85 90 95
Tyr Val Gly Gln Ala Gly Glu Ile Leu His Gly Lys Ala Ser Ser Ile
100 105 110
Glu His Asp Gly Gln Ala Met Phe Ala Gly Leu Thr Asn Pro Leu Pro
115 120 125
Val Ala Arg Tyr His Ser Leu Val Gly Ser Asn Ile Pro Ala Gly Leu
130 135 140
Thr Ile Asn Ala His Phe Asn Gly Met Val Met Ala Val Arg His Asp
145 150 155 160
Ala Asp Arg Val Cys Gly Phe Gln Phe His Pro Glu Ser Ile Leu Thr
165 170 175
Thr Gln Gly Ala Arg Leu Leu Glu Gln Thr Leu Ala Trp Ala Gln Gln
180 185 190
Lys Leu Glu Pro Ala Asn Thr Leu Gln Pro Ile Leu Glu Lys Leu Tyr
195 200 205
Gln Ala Gln Thr Leu Ser Gln Gln Glu Ser His Gln Leu Phe Ser Ala
210 215 220
Val Val Arg Gly Glu Leu Lys Pro Glu Gln Leu Ala Ala Ala Leu Val
225 230 235 240
Ser Met Lys Ile Arg Gly Glu His Pro Asn Glu Ile Ala Gly Ala Ala
245 250 255
Thr Ala Leu Leu Glu Asn Ala Ala Pro Phe Pro Arg Pro Asp Tyr Leu
260 265 270
Phe Ala Asp Ile Val Gly Thr Gly Gly Asp Gly Ser Asn Ser Ile Asn
275 280 285
Ile Ser Thr Ala Ser Ala Phe Val Ala Ala Ala Cys Gly Leu Lys Val
290 295 300
Ala Lys His Gly Asn Arg Ser Val Ser Ser Lys Ser Gly Ser Ser Asp
305 310 315 320
Leu Leu Ala Ala Phe Gly Ile Asn Leu Asp Met Asn Ala Asp Lys Ser
325 330 335
Arg Gln Ala Leu Asp Glu Leu Gly Val Cys Phe Leu Phe Ala Pro Lys
340 345 350
Tyr His Thr Gly Phe Arg His Ala Met Pro Val Arg Gln Gln Leu Lys
355 360 365
Thr Arg Thr Leu Phe Asn Val Leu Gly Pro Leu Ile Asn Pro Ala His
370 375 380
Pro Pro Leu Ala Leu Ile Gly Val Tyr Ser Pro Glu Leu Val Leu Pro
385 390 395 400
Ile Ala Glu Thr Leu Arg Val Leu Gly Tyr Gln Arg Ala Ala Val Val
405 410 415
His Ser Gly Gly Met Asp Glu Val Ser Leu His Ala Pro Thr Ile Val
420 425 430
Ala Glu Leu His Asp Gly Glu Ile Lys Ser Tyr Gln Leu Thr Ala Glu
435 440 445
Asp Phe Gly Leu Thr Pro Tyr His Gln Glu Gln Leu Ala Gly Gly Thr
450 455 460
Pro Glu Glu Asn Arg Asp Ile Leu Thr Arg Leu Leu Gln Gly Lys Gly
465 470 475 480
Asp Ala Ala His Glu Ala Ala Val Ala Ala Asn Val Ala Met Leu Met
485 490 495
Arg Leu His Gly His Glu Asp Leu Gln Ala Asn Ala Gln Thr Val Leu
500 505 510
Glu Val Leu Arg Ser Gly Ser Ala Tyr Asp Arg Val Thr Ala Leu Ala
515 520 525
Ala Arg Gly
530
<210> 38
<211> 452
<212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 38
Met Gln Thr Val Leu Ala Lys Ile Val Ala Asp Lys Ala Ile Trp Val
1 5 10 15
Glu Ala Arg Lys Gln Gln Gln Pro Leu Ala Ser Phe Gln Asn Glu Val
20 25 30
Gln Pro Ser Thr Arg His Phe Tyr Asp Ala Leu Gln Gly Ala Arg Thr
35 40 45
Ala Phe Ile Leu Glu Cys Lys Lys Ala Ser Pro Ser Lys Gly Val Ile
50 55 60
Arg Asp Asp Phe Asp Pro Ala Arg Ile Ala Ala Ile Tyr Lys His Tyr
65 70 75 80
Ala Ser Ala Ile Ser Val Leu Thr Asp Glu Lys Tyr Phe Gln Gly Ser
85 90 95
Phe Asn Phe Leu Pro Ile Val Ser Gln Ile Ala Pro Gln Pro Ile Leu
100 105 110
Cys Lys Asp Phe Ile Ile Asp Pro Tyr Gln Ile Tyr Leu Ala Arg Tyr
115 120 125
Tyr Gln Ala Asp Ala Cys Leu Leu Met Leu Ser Val Leu Asp Asp Asp
130 135 140
Gln Tyr Arg Gln Leu Ala Ala Val Ala His Ser Leu Glu Met Gly Val
145 150 155 160
Leu Thr Glu Val Ser Asn Glu Glu Glu Gln Glu Arg Ala Ile Ala Leu
165 170 175
Gly Ala Lys Val Val Gly Ile Asn Asn Arg Asp Leu Arg Asp Leu Ser
180 185 190
Ile Asp Leu Asn Arg Thr Arg Glu Leu Ala Pro Lys Leu Gly His Asn
195 200 205
Val Thr Val Ile Ser Glu Ser Gly Ile Asn Thr Tyr Ala Gln Val Arg
210 215 220
Glu Leu Ser His Phe Ala Asn Gly Phe Leu Ile Gly Ser Ala Leu Met
225 230 235 240
Ala His Asp Asp Leu His Ala Ala Val Arg Arg Val Leu Leu Gly Glu
245 250 255
Asn Lys Val Cys Gly Leu Thr Arg Gly Gln Asp Ala Lys Ala Ala Tyr
260 265 270
Asp Ala Gly Ala Ile Tyr Gly Gly Leu Ile Phe Val Ala Thr Ser Pro
275 280 285
Arg Cys Val Asn Val Glu Gln Ala Gln Glu Val Met Ala Ala Ala Pro
290 295 300
Leu Gln Tyr Val Gly Val Phe Arg Asn His Asp Ile Ala Asp Val Val
305 310 315 320
Asp Lys Ala Lys Val Leu Ser Leu Ala Ala Val Gln Leu His Gly Asn
325 330 335
Glu Glu Gln Leu Tyr Ile Asp Thr Leu Arg Glu Ala Leu Pro Ala His
340 345 350
Val Ala Ile Trp Lys Ala Leu Ser Val Gly Glu Thr Leu Pro Ala Arg
355 360 365
Glu Phe Gln His Val Asp Lys Tyr Val Leu Asp Asn Gly Gln Gly Gly
370 375 380
Ser Gly Gln Arg Phe Asp Trp Ser Leu Leu Asn Gly Gln Ser Leu Gly
385 390 395 400
Asn Val Leu Leu Ala Gly Gly Leu Gly Ala Asp Asn Cys Val Glu Ala
405 410 415
Ala Gln Thr Gly Cys Ala Gly Leu Asp Phe Asn Ser Ala Val Glu Ser
420 425 430
Gln Pro Gly Ile Lys Asp Ala Arg Leu Leu Ala Ser Val Phe Gln Thr
435 440 445
Leu Arg Ala Tyr
450
<210> 39
<211> 397
<212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 39
Met Thr Thr Leu Leu Asn Pro Tyr Phe Gly Glu Phe Gly Gly Met Tyr
1 5 10 15
Val Pro Gln Ile Leu Met Pro Ala Leu Arg Gln Leu Glu Glu Ala Phe
20 25 30
Val Ser Ala Gln Lys Asp Pro Glu Phe Gln Ala Gln Phe Asn Asp Leu
35 40 45
Leu Lys Asn Tyr Ala Gly Arg Pro Thr Ala Leu Thr Lys Cys Gln Asn
50 55 60
Ile Thr Ala Gly Thr Asn Thr Thr Leu Tyr Leu Lys Arg Glu Asp Leu
65 70 75 80
Leu His Gly Gly Ala His Lys Thr Asn Gln Val Leu Gly Gln Ala Leu
85 90 95
Leu Ala Lys Arg Met Gly Lys Thr Glu Ile Ile Ala Glu Thr Gly Ala
100 105 110
Gly Gln His Gly Val Ala Ser Ala Leu Ala Ser Ala Leu Leu Gly Leu
115 120 125
Lys Cys Arg Ile Tyr Met Gly Ala Lys Asp Val Glu Arg Gln Ser Pro
130 135 140
Asn Val Phe Arg Met Arg Leu Met Gly Ala Glu Val Ile Pro Val His
145 150 155 160
Ser Gly Ser Ala Thr Leu Lys Asp Ala Cys Asn Glu Ala Leu Arg Asp
165 170 175
Trp Ser Gly Ser Tyr Glu Thr Ala His Tyr Met Leu Gly Thr Ala Ala
180 185 190
Gly Pro His Pro Tyr Pro Thr Ile Val Arg Glu Phe Gln Arg Met Ile
195 200 205
Gly Glu Glu Thr Lys Ala Gln Ile Leu Glu Arg Glu Gly Arg Leu Pro
210 215 220
Asp Ala Val Ile Ala Cys Val Gly Gly Gly Ser Asn Ala Ile Gly Met
225 230 235 240
Phe Ala Asp Phe Ile Asn Glu Thr Asn Val Gly Leu Ile Gly Val Glu
245 250 255
Pro Gly Gly His Gly Ile Glu Thr Gly Glu His Gly Ala Pro Leu Lys
260 265 270
His Gly Arg Val Gly Ile Tyr Phe Gly Met Lys Ala Pro Met Met Gln
275 280 285
Thr Glu Asp Gly Gln Ile Glu Glu Ser Tyr Ser Ile Ser Ala Gly Leu
290 295 300
Asp Phe Pro Ser Val Gly Pro Gln His Ala Tyr Leu Asn Ser Thr Gly
305 310 315 320
Arg Ala Asp Tyr Val Ser Ile Thr Asp Asp Glu Ala Leu Glu Ala Phe
325 330 335
Lys Thr Leu Cys Leu His Glu Gly Ile Ile Pro Ala Leu Glu Ser Ser
340 345 350
His Ala Leu Ala His Ala Leu Lys Met Met Arg Glu Asn Pro Asp Lys
355 360 365
Glu Gln Leu Leu Val Val Asn Leu Ser Gly Arg Gly Asp Lys Asp Ile
370 375 380
Phe Thr Val His Asp Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Gly Glu Ile
385 390 395
<210> 40
<211> 268
<212> PRT
<213> Escherichia coli
<400> 40
Met Glu Arg Tyr Glu Ser Leu Phe Ala Gln Leu Lys Glu Arg Lys Glu
1 5 10 15
Gly Ala Phe Val Pro Phe Val Thr Leu Gly Asp Pro Gly Ile Glu Gln
20 25 30
Ser Leu Lys Ile Ile Asp Thr Leu Ile Glu Ala Gly Ala Asp Ala Leu
35 40 45
Glu Leu Gly Ile Pro Phe Ser Asp Pro Leu Ala Asp Gly Pro Thr Ile
50 55 60
Gln Asn Ala Thr Leu Arg Ala Phe Ala Ala Gly Val Thr Pro Ala Gln
65 70 75 80
Cys Phe Glu Met Leu Ala Leu Ile Arg Gln Lys His Pro Thr Ile Pro
85 90 95
Ile Gly Leu Leu Met Tyr Ala Asn Leu Val Phe Asn Lys Gly Ile Asp
100 105 110
Glu Phe Tyr Ala Gln Cys Glu Lys Val Gly Val Asp Ser Val Leu Val
115 120 125
Ala Asp Val Pro Val Glu Glu Ser Ala Pro Phe Arg Gln Ala Ala Leu
130 135 140
Arg His Asn Val Ala Pro Ile Phe Ile Cys Pro Pro Asn Ala Asp Asp
145 150 155 160
Asp Leu Leu Arg Gln Ile Ala Ser Tyr Gly Arg Gly Tyr Thr Tyr Leu
165 170 175
Leu Ser Arg Ala Gly Val Thr Gly Ala Glu Asn Arg Ala Ala Leu Pro
180 185 190
Leu Asn His Leu Val Ala Lys Leu Lys Glu Tyr Asn Ala Ala Pro Pro
195 200 205
Leu Gln Gly Phe Gly Ile Ser Ala Pro Asp Gln Val Lys Ala Ala Ile
210 215 220
Asp Ala Gly Ala Ala Gly Ala Ile Ser Gly Ser Ala Ile Val Lys Ile
225 230 235 240
Ile Glu Gln His Ile Asn Glu Pro Glu Lys Met Leu Ala Ala Leu Lys
245 250 255
Val Phe Val Gln Pro Met Lys Ala Ala Thr Arg Ser
260 265
Claims (10)
- 내재적 트립토판 오페론에서 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 2의 염기서열을 가지는 리더펩티드(leader peptide)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손되고 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 3의 염기서열을 가지는 내재적 감쇠조절인자(attenuator)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손된 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물.
- 삭제
- 제1항에 있어서,
트립토판 오페론이 암호화하는 단백질의 활성이 더 강화된 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물. - 제 1항에 있어서,
트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA가 암호화하는 각각 서열번호 37, 38, 39 및 40의 아미노산 서열을 가지는 단백질들 중 하나 이상의 활성이 추가로 강화된 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물. - 제3항 또는 제4항에 있어서,
단백질들의 활성이 상기 단백질을 암호화하는 유전자의 염색체 내 또는 세포 내 카피수를 증가, 상기 염색체 내 유전자의 발현조절부위를 강력한 프로모터로 교체 또는 활성이 강화된 형태로 변형시키는 방법에 의해 강화되는 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물. - 제1항에 있어서,
대장균인 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판의 생산능이 강화된 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물. - 에스케리키아속 미생물의 내재적 트립토판 오페론에서 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 2의 염기서열을 가지는 리더펩티드(leader peptide)의 전체 또는 일부를 결손시키고 서열번호 1의 염기서열을 가지는 발현조절부위 중 서열번호 3의 염기서열을 가지는 내재적 감쇠조절인자(attenuator)의 전체 또는 일부가 결손시켜 제조된 재조합 L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물을 배양하는 단계를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판 생산방법.
- 삭제
- 제7항에 있어,
상기 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물이 대장균인 것을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판 생산방법. - 제 7항에 있어서,
상기 재조합 에스케리키아속 미생물이 트립토판 생합성 유전자군 trpDCBA 중 하나 이상의 유전자가 암호화하는 단백질들의 활성이 추가로 강화된 대장균인 것을 을 특징으로 하는 L-트립토판 생산방법.
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JP2010017081A (ja) | 2006-10-10 | 2010-01-28 | Ajinomoto Co Inc | L−アミノ酸の製造法 |
KR100792095B1 (ko) * | 2006-12-29 | 2008-01-04 | 씨제이 주식회사 | L-페닐알라닌 생산능을 갖는 대장균 변이주로부터유전자조작된 l-트립토판 생산능을 갖는 재조합 대장균균주 및 이를 이용한 트립토판 제조방법 |
RU2395567C2 (ru) * | 2007-03-22 | 2010-07-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Научно-исследовательский институт Аджиномото-Генетика" (ЗАО АГРИ) | СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ L-АМИНОКИСЛОТ С ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕМ БАКТЕРИИ, ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЩЕЙ К РОДУ Escherichia, В КОТОРОЙ ИНАКТИВИРОВАН ОДИН ИЛИ НЕСКОЛЬКО ГЕНОВ, КОДИРУЮЩИХ МАЛЫЕ РНК |
KR100949312B1 (ko) | 2007-12-20 | 2010-03-23 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | 안스라닐산염에 대한 내성을 갖는 대장균 균주를 이용한l-트립토판 제조 방법 |
KR20090075549A (ko) | 2008-01-04 | 2009-07-08 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | 향상된 l-쓰레오닌 생산능을 갖는 대장균 및 이를 이용한l-쓰레오닌의 생산 방법 |
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KR101532129B1 (ko) * | 2012-01-10 | 2015-06-29 | 씨제이제일제당 (주) | L-트립토판 생산능이 강화된 에스케리키아속 미생물 및 이를 이용하여 l-트립토판을 생산하는 방법 |
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KR20130082121A (ko) | 2013-07-18 |
BR112014017074A2 (pt) | 2020-10-27 |
WO2013105800A2 (ko) | 2013-07-18 |
ES2910377T3 (es) | 2022-05-12 |
MY173848A (en) | 2020-02-24 |
WO2013105800A3 (ko) | 2013-10-17 |
CA2860974C (en) | 2019-03-05 |
EP2803720A4 (en) | 2016-04-06 |
US20150147788A1 (en) | 2015-05-28 |
JP6449653B2 (ja) | 2019-01-09 |
EP2803720B1 (en) | 2022-03-09 |
WO2013105800A9 (ko) | 2013-08-29 |
KR20150061626A (ko) | 2015-06-04 |
JP2015503358A (ja) | 2015-02-02 |
DK2803720T3 (da) | 2022-04-04 |
JP2017018094A (ja) | 2017-01-26 |
CN104204189A (zh) | 2014-12-10 |
KR20160058077A (ko) | 2016-05-24 |
KR101629159B1 (ko) | 2016-06-09 |
RU2593957C2 (ru) | 2016-08-10 |
MX2014008470A (es) | 2014-11-10 |
BR112014017074B1 (pt) | 2022-05-10 |
JP6475668B2 (ja) | 2019-02-27 |
CA2860974A1 (en) | 2013-07-18 |
KR101532129B1 (ko) | 2015-06-29 |
HUE057864T2 (hu) | 2022-06-28 |
MX351721B (es) | 2017-10-25 |
PH12014501590A1 (en) | 2014-10-08 |
EP2803720A2 (en) | 2014-11-19 |
US9587261B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
RU2014132889A (ru) | 2016-02-27 |
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