JPWO2017073630A1 - 半導体用接着剤、半導体装置及びそれを製造する方法 - Google Patents
半導体用接着剤、半導体装置及びそれを製造する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2017073630A1 JPWO2017073630A1 JP2017547837A JP2017547837A JPWO2017073630A1 JP WO2017073630 A1 JPWO2017073630 A1 JP WO2017073630A1 JP 2017547837 A JP2017547837 A JP 2017547837A JP 2017547837 A JP2017547837 A JP 2017547837A JP WO2017073630 A1 JPWO2017073630 A1 JP WO2017073630A1
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Abstract
Description
[2]上記R1がフェニル基である、[1]記載の半導体用接着剤。
[3]上記(c)シラノール化合物が25℃で固形である、[1]又は[2]記載の半導体用接着剤。
[4](d)10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分を更に含有する、[1]〜[3]のいずれかに記載の半導体用接着剤。
[5]上記(d)10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分が、重量平均分子量30000以上であり、且つ、ガラス転移温度が100℃以下である、[4]記載の半導体用接着剤。
[6]フィルム状である、[1]〜[5]のいずれかに記載の半導体用接着剤。
[7]半導体チップ及び配線回路基板のそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置、又は、複数の半導体チップのそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置を、上記接続部の金属の融点より低温で圧着する第一工程と、上記接続部の金属の融点以上の高温で加熱処理することで金属結合を形成する第二工程と、を経て製造する際に、上記接続部の封止に用いられる、[1]〜[6]のいずれかに記載の半導体用接着剤。
第一の実施形態
図1は、本実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法において、半導体チップに基板を仮圧着する工程の一例を示す工程図である。
第二の実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法も、半導体チップと基板又は他の半導体チップとを仮固定して積層体を得た後、ステージと圧着ヘッドを備える本圧着用押圧部材により本圧着する工程を備える。半導体チップと基板又は他の半導体チップとを仮固定して積層体を得る工程は、第一の実施形態の仮圧着と同様の態様であり得る。第二の実施形態は、ステージ上に配置された複数の積層体とそれらを覆うように配置された一括接続用シートとを、ステージとステージに対向する圧着ヘッドとで挟むことによって、一括して複数の積層体が加熱及び加圧されて本圧着される点で第一の実施形態と異なり、その他は第一の実施形態と同様である。図3は、一括接続用シートを用いて、半導体チップの接続部と基板の接続部とを金属接合によって電気的に接続する本圧着の工程の一例を示す工程図である。半導体ウエハと複数の半導体チップとを有する積層体をステージ上に配置し、それを一括接続用シートで覆ってもよい。
一括接続用シートの原料は、250℃において特定の貯蔵弾性率と変位量を示す樹脂であれば特に限定されない。樹脂としては、例えば、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリカルボジイミド樹脂、シアネートエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂、及びアクリルゴムが挙げられる。一括接続用シートは、耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に優れるという観点から、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリルゴム、シアネートエステル樹脂、及びポリカルボジイミド樹脂から選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂を含むシートであってもよい。一括接続用シートの樹脂は、耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に特に優れるという観点から、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂及びアクリルゴムから選ばれる少なくとも1種の樹脂を含むシートであってもよい。これらの樹脂は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
第三の実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法では、第一の実施形態と同様の仮圧着に続いて、図4に示すように、仮圧着された積層体3を加熱炉60内で加熱することによって、半導体チップ1のバンプ30と、基板2の配線16とを金属接合によって電気的に接続する。第三の実施形態に係る方法は、これ以外の点では第一の実施形態と同様である。1つの加熱炉60内で複数の積層体を加熱して、複数の積層体における接続を一括して行ってもよい。
本実施形態に係る半導体装置の製造方法によって得られる半導体装置について説明する。本実施形態に係る半導体装置における接続部は、バンプと配線との金属接合、及び、バンプとバンプとの金属接合のいずれでもよい。本実施形態に係る半導体装置では、例えば、接着剤層を介して電気的な接続を得るフリップチップ接続を用いることができる。
接着剤層は、例えば、10000以下の分子量を有する熱硬化性樹脂、及びその硬化剤を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物によって形成された層であることができる。言い換えると、接着剤層は、10000以下の分子量を有する熱硬化性樹脂、及びその硬化剤を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含む層であってもよい。
熱硬化性樹脂は、加熱により架橋構造を形成し得る化合物である。熱硬化性樹脂は10000以下の分子量を有していてもよい。熱硬化性樹脂組成物が硬化剤と反応して架橋構造を形成する化合物(熱硬化性樹脂)を含むことで、分子量が小さい成分が加熱時に分解等して発生させるボイドが抑制されるため、耐熱性の点で有利である。熱硬化性樹脂としては、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂等が挙げられる。
アクリル樹脂は、分子内に1個以上の(メタ)アクリロイル基を有する化合物である。アクリル樹脂としては、例えば、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ナフタレン、フェノールノボラック、クレゾールノボラック、フェノールアラルキル、ビフェニル、トリフェニルメタン、ジシクロペンタジエン、フルオレン、アダマンタン及びイソシアヌル酸から選ばれる化合物に由来する骨格及び(メタ)アクリロイルオキシ基を有する(メタ)アクリレート、並びに各種多官能(メタ)アクリル化合物が挙げられる。耐熱性の観点から、アクリル樹脂を、ビスフェノールA、ビスフェノールF、ナフタレン、フルオレン、アダマンタン及びイソシアヌル酸から選ばれる化合物に由来する骨格を有する(メタ)アクリレートから選択してもよい。アクリル樹脂は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
エポキシ樹脂は、分子内に2個以上のエポキシ基を有する化合物である。エポキシ樹脂としては、例えば、ビスフェノールA型、ビスフェノールF型、ナフタレン型、フェノールノボラック型、クレゾールノボラック型、フェノールアラルキル型、ビフェニル型、トリフェニルメタン型及びジシクロペンタジエン型エポキシ樹脂、並びに各種多官能エポキシ樹脂が挙げられる。耐熱性、取り扱い性の観点から、エポキシ樹脂を、ビスフェノールF型、フェノールノボラック型、クレゾールノボラック型、ビフェニル型、及びトリフェニルメタン型エポキシ樹脂から選択してもよい。速硬化性及び耐熱性の観点から、エポキシ樹脂を、ビスフェノールF型及びトリフェニルメタン型エポキシ樹脂から選択してもよい。エポキシ樹脂は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
硬化剤は、熱硬化性樹脂と反応して、熱硬化性樹脂とともに架橋構造を形成する化合物である。硬化剤としては、例えば、フェノール樹脂系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤、アミン系硬化剤、イミダゾール系硬化剤、ホスフィン系硬化剤、アゾ化合物及び有機過酸化物が挙げられる。硬化反応(硬化系)はラジカル重合ラジカル重合系)であってもよい。硬化剤は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。フェノール樹脂系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤及びアミン系硬化剤は、それぞれ1種を単独で又は2種以上の混合物として使用することができる。イミダゾール系硬化剤及びホスフィン系硬化剤はそれぞれ単独で用いてもよいが、フェノール樹脂系硬化剤、酸無水物系硬化剤又はアミン系硬化剤と共に用いてもよい。
フェノール樹脂系硬化剤は、分子内に2個以上のフェノール性水酸基を有する。フェノール樹脂系硬化剤としては、例えば、フェノールノボラック、クレゾールノボラック、フェノールアラルキル樹脂、クレゾールナフトールホルムアルデヒド重縮合物、トリフェニルメタン型多官能フェノール及び各種多官能フェノール樹脂が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
酸無水物系硬化剤としては、例えば、メチルシクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸、ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物及びエチレングリコールビスアンヒドロトリメリテートが挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
アミン系硬化剤としては、例えば、ジシアンジアミド、ドデカンジアミン等が挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
イミダゾール系硬化剤としては、例えば、2−フェニルイミダゾール、2−フェニル−4−メチルイミダゾール、1−ベンジル−2−メチルイミダゾール、1−ベンジル−2−フェニルイミダゾール、1−シアノエチル−2−ウンデシルイミダゾール、1−シアノ−2−フェニルイミダゾール、1−シアノエチル−2−ウンデシルイミダゾールトリメリテイト、1−シアノエチル−2−フェニルイミダゾリウムトリメリテイト、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−ウンデシルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−エチル−4’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体、2−フェニルイミダゾールイソシアヌル酸付加体、2−フェニル−4,5−ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、2−フェニル−4−メチル−5−ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール、及び、エポキシ樹脂とイミダゾール類の付加体が挙げられる。硬化性、保存安定性及び接続信頼性に優れる観点から、イミダゾール系硬化剤を、1−シアノエチル−2−ウンデシルイミダゾール、1−シアノ−2−フェニルイミダゾール、1−シアノエチル−2−ウンデシルイミダゾールトリメリテイト、1−シアノエチル−2−フェニルイミダゾリウムトリメリテイト、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−エチル−4’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジン、2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体、2−フェニルイミダゾールイソシアヌル酸付加体、2−フェニル−4,5−ジヒドロキシメチルイミダゾール及び2−フェニル−4−メチル−5−ヒドロキシメチルイミダゾールから選択してもよい。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。また、これらをマイクロカプセル化した潜在性硬化剤として用いてもよい。
ホスフィン系硬化剤としては、例えば、トリフェニルホスフィン、テトラフェニルホスホニウムテトラフェニルボレート、テトラフェニルホスホニウムテトラ(4−メチルフェニル)ボレート及びテトラフェニルホスホニウム(4−フルオロフェニル)ボレートが挙げられる。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
アゾ化合物としては、例えば、ジメチルアミノアゾベンゼン、ジメチルアミノアゾベンゼン−カルボン酸、ジエチルアミノアゾベンゼン、及びジエチルアミノアゾベンゼン−カルボン酸が挙げられる。アゾ化合物は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
有機過酸化物としては、例えば、ケトンパーオキサイド、パーオキシケタール、ハイドロパーオキサイド、ジアルキルパーオキサイド、ジアシルパーオキサイド、パーオキシジカーボネイト、パーオキシエステル等が挙げられる。有機過酸化物は、保存安定性の観点から、ハイドロパーオキサイド、ジアルキルパーオキサイド及びパーオキシエステルから選択される1種以上であってもよい。有機過酸化物は、耐熱性の観点から、ハイドロパーオキサイド及びジアルキルパーオキサイドから選択される1種以上であってもよい。これらは1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分を更に含有していてもよい。熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤等の、高分子成分以外の成分の重量平均分子量又は分子量は、通常、10000未満である。高分子成分としては、例えば、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリカルボジイミド樹脂、シアネートエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂及びアクリルゴムが挙げられる。耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に優れるという観点から、高分子量成分を、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリルゴム、シアネートエステル樹脂及びポリカルボジイミド樹脂から選択してもよい。耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に更に優れるという観点から、高分子量成分を、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂及びアクリルゴムから選択してもよい。これらの高分子成分は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、粘度及び硬化物の物性を制御するため、及び、半導体チップ同士、又は半導体チップと基板とを接続した際のボイドの発生及び吸湿率の更なる抑制のために、フィラーを更に含有していてもよい。フィラーとしては、例えば、無機フィラー及び樹脂フィラーが挙げられる。無機フィラーとしては、例えば、ガラス、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、マイカ及び窒化ホウ素等の絶縁性無機フィラーが挙げられる。取り扱い性の観点から、無垢フィラーをシリカ、アルミナ、酸化チタン及び窒化ホウ素から選択してもよいし、形状統一性(取り扱い性)の観点から、無垢フィラーをシリカ、アルミナ及び窒化ホウ素から選択してもよい。絶縁性無機フィラーはウィスカーであってもよい。ウィスカーとしては、例えば、ホウ酸アルミニウム、チタン酸アルミニウム、酸化亜鉛、珪酸カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム及び窒化ホウ素が挙げられる。樹脂フィラーとしては、例えば、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、メタクリル酸メチル樹脂及びメタクリル酸メチル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合樹脂(MBS)が挙げられる。フィラーは、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。フィラーの形状、粒径、及び含有量は特に制限されない。
本実施形態に係る熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、フラックス剤(すなわち、フラックス活性(酸化物及び不純物を除去する活性)を示すフラックス活性剤)を更に含有していてもよい。フラックス剤としては、例えば、イミダゾール類及びアミン類等の非共有電子対を有する含窒素化合物、カルボン酸類、フェノール類及びアルコール類が挙げられる。アルコール等に比べて有機酸(2−メチルグルタル酸等のカルボン酸など)がフラックス活性を強く発現し、接続性及び安定性をより向上させることができる。
硬化反応率(%)=(ΔH1−ΔH2)/ΔH1×100
一実施形態に係る半導体用接着剤は、(a’)重量平均分子量10000未満の樹脂成分、(b)硬化剤、及び、(f)下記一般式(1):
(a’)重量平均分子量10000未満の樹脂成分としては、特に制限はないが、(b)硬化剤と反応する化合物(熱硬化性樹脂)であってもよい。重量平均分子量が小さい成分は加熱時に分解等してボイドの原因となり得るが、当該成分が硬化剤と反応することで高い耐熱性が確保され易い。(a)重量平均分子量10000未満の樹脂成分としては、例えば、エポキシ樹脂、アクリル樹脂等が挙げられる。(a’)重量平均分子量10000未満の樹脂成分は、熱硬化性樹脂である場合、上述の「(a)熱硬化性樹脂」と同様の態様であることができる。
上記一般式(1)で表されるシラノール化合物は、耐熱性の観点から、25℃で固形であってもよい。式(1)中のR1は耐熱性、流動性の観点からアルキル基又はフェニル基であってもよい。R1はアルキル基とフェニル基との組み合わせからなる基(アルキル置換フェニル基又はフェニルアルキル基)であってもよい。R1で示される基としては、例えば、フェニル基、プロピル基、フェニルプロピル基、及びフェニルメチル基が挙げられる。式(1)中のR2は特に制限はないが、耐熱性の観点から重量平均分子量100〜5000のアルキレン基であってもよい。R2が重量平均分子量100〜5000のアルキレン基であるシラノール化合物は、通常、約100〜5000の範囲の重量平均分子量を有する。高反応性(硬化物強度)の観点から、シラノール化合物は3官能シラノールであってもよい。
1−1.接着剤フィルムの作製
接着剤フィルムの作製に使用した化合物を以下に示す。
アクリル樹脂
・エトキシ化イソシアヌル酸トリアクリレート(新中村化学工業株式会社製、A−9300)
・フルオレン骨格を有するアクリレート化合物(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製、EA0200、アクリロイル基の官能基数:2)
エポキシ樹脂
・トリフェノールメタン骨格を有する多官能固形エポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、EP1032H60)
・ビスフェノールF型液状エポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社製、YL983U)
・ジクミル過酸化物(日油株式会社製、パークミルD)
・2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体(四国化成株式会社製、2MAOK−PW)
・フェノキシ樹脂(東都化成株式会社製、ZX1356、Tg:約71℃、重量平均分子量:約63000)
・アクリルゴム(日立化成株式会社製、KH−C865、Tg:0〜12℃、重量平均分子量:450000〜650000)
無機フィラー
・シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、SE2050、平均粒径:0.5μm)・エポキシシランで表面処理されたシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、SE2050SEJ、平均粒径:0.5μm)
・メタクリル表面処理ナノシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、YA050CSM
、以下「SMナノシリカ」と表記する、平均粒径:約50nm)
樹脂フィラー
・有機フィラー(ロームアンドハースジャパン(株)製、EXL−2655:コアシェルタイプ有機微粒子)
・2−メチルグルタル酸(アルドリッチ製、融点:約77℃、以下「グルタル酸」と表記する)
表1に示す配合量(単位:質量部)のアクリル樹脂(A9300)、無機フィラー(SE2050、SE2050SEJ及びSMナノシリカ)及び樹脂フィラー(EXL2655)を、不揮発分(固形分、溶媒以外の成分)の濃度が60質量%になるように、溶媒としてのメチルエチルケトンに加えた。次いで、Φ1.0mm、Φ2.0mmのビーズを、メチルエチルケトンに加えたアクリル樹脂及び無機フィラーの合計量と同じ量加え、ビーズミル(フリッチュ・ジャパン株式会社製、遊星型微粉砕機P−7)で30分撹拌した。その後、高分子成分としてのフェノキシ樹脂(ZX1356)を加え、再度、ビーズミルで30分撹拌した。撹拌後、硬化剤(パークミルD)を添加して攪拌し、ビーズをろ過によって除去してワニスを得た。得られたワニスを小型精密塗工装置(株式会社廉井精機製)で塗工し、塗膜をクリーンオーブン(ESPEC製)で乾燥(70℃/10min)して、接着剤フィルムを得た。
使用した材料を表1に示すように変更したこと以外は製造例1−1と同様にして、接着剤フィルムを得た。フラックス剤は、熱硬化性樹脂と同時に添加した。
(実施例1−1)
対向するステージ及び圧着ヘッドを有する2台の押圧部材I,II(FCB3、パナソニック製)を準備し、押圧部材Iを仮圧着用部材として用い、押圧部材IIを本圧着用押圧部材として用いて、以下の手順で半導体装置を製造した。
作製した製造例1−1の接着剤フィルムを切り抜き(8mm×8mm×0.045mmt)、半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm×0.4mmt、接続部の金属:Au、製品名:WALTS−TEG IP80、WALTS製)上に貼付した。次いで、接着剤フィルムを貼付した半導体チップを、仮圧着用押圧部材としての押圧部材Iのステージ上に供給した。このステージ上の半導体チップと、はんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm×0.15mmt、接続部の金属:銅ピラー+はんだ、バンプ高さ:銅ピラー+はんだ計約45μm、バンプ数1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS−TEG CC80、WALTS製)とをそれぞれの接続部が互いに対向するように位置合わせした。その後、半導体チップ、接着剤フィルム及び半導体チップからなる積層体を、圧着ヘッドとステージの間に挟んで加圧及び加熱して、半導体チップ同士を仮圧着した。次いで、仮圧着後の積層体を、本圧着用押圧部材としての押圧部材IIで挟むことで加熱及び加圧して、半導体チップ同士を電気的に接続した。
仮圧着条件及び本圧着条件は下記のとおりである。これら条件は、得られる半導体装置に関するボイド評価及び接続評価が「A」となるように設定された。
・仮圧着条件
圧着ヘッドの温度:80℃、荷重:75N、ステージ温度:80℃
・本圧着条件
圧着ヘッドの温度:280℃、荷重:75N、ステージ温度:80℃
2台の押圧部材I,IIを同時に並行して稼働させながら、半導体装置を複数連続して製造した。仮圧着及び本圧着に要した製造時間、半導体装置1パッケージ(PKG)あたりの製造時間、及び、1時間あたりの半導体装置の生産数(UPH)の結果を表2に示す。
(1)ボイド評価
超音波映像診断装置(Insight−300、インサイト製)により、得られた半導体装置の外観画像を撮り、スキャナGT−9300UF(EPSON社製)で半導体チップ上の接着剤層の画像を取り込んだ。画像処理ソフトAdobe Photoshop(登録商標)を用いて、色調補正、二階調化によりボイド部分を識別し、ヒストグラムにより接着剤層におけるボイド部分の占める割合を算出した。半導体チップ上の接着剤層の面積を100%とした。ボイドの専有面積が10%以下の場合を「A」と、10%を超える場合を「B」と判定した。
作製した半導体装置の接続抵抗値を、マルチメータ(ADVANTEST製、商品名「R6871E」)を用いて測定することにより、実装後の初期導通を評価した。ペリフェラル部分の内周の初期接続抵抗値が45Ω以下で、かつ、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ω以下の場合を「A」とし、内周の初期接続抵抗値が45Ωを超える場合、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ωを超える場合、及び、導通していない(抵抗値が表示されない)場合を全て「B」とした。
2台の押圧部材I,IIを同じ圧着条件で同時に平行して稼働させながら、製造例1の接着剤フィルムを用いて以下の手順で複数の半導体装置を製造した。
押圧部材I,IIのそれぞれのステージ上で半導体チップとバンプ付半導体チップとを位置合わせした。その後、押圧部材の圧着ヘッドとステージとで加圧しながら、圧着ヘッドの温度を1秒間で280℃まで昇温させた後、その状態で2秒間保持した。これにより、半導体チップとバンプ付半導体チップとを互いに圧着するとともに、電気的に接続した。圧着にかかった時間の合計は3秒であった。その後、圧着ヘッドの温度を280℃から半導体チップ供給温度の80℃まで冷却した。上記の圧着の条件は、半導体装置のボイド評価及び接続評価が「A」となるように設定された。
各段階に要した製造時間、半導体装置1パッケージ(PKG)あたりの製造時間、及び、1時間あたりのパッケージの生産数(UPH)の結果を表2に示す。
製造例1−2の接着剤フィルムを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして半導体装置を製造した。結果を表3に示す。
製造例1−2の接着剤フィルムを用いたこと以外は比較例1と同様にして半導体装置を製造した。結果を表3に示す。
製造例1−3の接着剤フィルムを用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして半導体装置を製造した。結果を表4に示す。
製造例1−3の接着剤フィルムを用い、圧着ヘッドの温度を1秒間で280℃まで昇温させた後、4秒間保持して、圧着にかかった時間の合計が5秒であったこと以外は比較例1と同様にして半導体装置を製造した。結果を表4に示す。
2−1.接着剤フィルムの作製
接着剤フィルムの作製に使用した化合物を以下に示す。
アクリル樹脂
・フルオレンに由来する骨格を有するアクリレート(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製、EA0200、アクリロイル基の数:2)
・ジクミル過酸化物(日油株式会社製、パークミルD)
・アクリルゴム(日立化成株式会社製、KH−C865、Tg:0〜12℃、重量平均分子量:450000〜650000)
無機フィラー
・シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、SE2050、平均粒径:0.5μm)
・エポキシシランで表面処理したシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、SE2050SEJ、平均粒径:0.5μm)
・メタクリル表面処理ナノシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、YA050CSM
、以下「SMナノシリカ」と表記する、平均粒径:約50nm)
樹脂フィラー
・有機フィラー(ロームアンドハースジャパン(株)製、EXL−2655:コアシェルタイプ有機微粒子)
表5に示す配合量(単位:質量部)のアクリル樹脂(A9300)、無機フィラー(SE2050、SE2050SEJ及びSMナノシリカ)及び樹脂フィラー(EXL2655)を、不揮発分(固形分、溶媒以外の成分)の濃度が60質量%になるように、溶媒としてのメチルエチルケトンに加えた。次いで、Φ1.0mm、Φ2.0mmのビーズを、固形分と同じ量加え、ビーズミル(フリッチュ・ジャパン株式会社製、遊星型微粉砕機P−7)で30分撹拌した。その後、高分子成分としてのフェノキシ樹脂(ZX1356)を加え、再度、ビーズミルで30分撹拌した。撹拌後、硬化剤(パークミルD)を添加して攪拌し、ビーズをろ過によって除去してワニスを得た。得られたワニスを小型精密塗工装置(株式会社廉井精機製)で塗工し、塗膜をクリーンオーブン(ESPEC製)で乾燥(70℃/10min)して、接着剤フィルムを得た。
レオメーター(株式会社アントンパール・ジャパン製、MCR301)にて、サンプル厚み:400μm、昇温速度10℃/分、周波数:1Hzの条件で、測定治具(ディスポーザブルプレート(直径8mm)及びディスポーザブルサンプルディッシュ)を用いて、表6に示される仮圧着工程時の圧着ヘッド温度(℃)における溶融粘度を測定した。結果を表6に示す。
(実施例1)
対向するステージ及び圧着ヘッドを有する2台の押圧部材I,II(FCB3、パナソニック製)を準備し、押圧部材Iを仮圧着用部材として用い、押圧部材IIを本圧着用押圧部材として用いて、以下の手順で半導体装置を製造した。
作製した製造例2−1の接着剤フィルムを切り抜き(8mm×8mm×0.045mmt)、半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm×0.4mmt、接続部の金属:Au、製品名:WALTS−TEG IP80、WALTS製)上に貼付した。次いで、接着剤フィルムを貼付した半導体チップを、仮圧着用押圧部材としての押圧部材Iのステージ上に供給した。このステージ上の半導体チップと、はんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm×0.15mmt、接続部の金属:銅ピラー+はんだ、バンプ高さ:銅ピラー+はんだ計約45μm、バンプ数1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS−TEG CC80、WALTS製)とをそれぞれの接続部が互いに対向するように位置合わせした。その後、半導体チップ、接着剤フィルム及び半導体チップからなる積層体を、圧着ヘッドとステージの間に挟んで加圧及び加熱して、接続部同士が接触するように半導体チップ同士を仮圧着した。次いで、仮圧着後の積層体を、本圧着用押圧部材としての押圧部材IIで挟むことで加熱及び加圧して、半導体チップ同士を電気的に接続した。仮圧着条件及び本圧着条件は表6に示したとおりである。仮圧着及び本圧着のいずれにおいても、ステージ温度は80℃であり、圧着時間は2秒であった。
仮圧着工程及び本圧着工程における圧着ヘッドの温度、及び荷重を表2に示すように変更した以外は実施例1と同様にして、実施例2−2〜2−8の半導体装置を製造した。
得られた半導体装置について、ボイド評価及び接続評価を行った。
超音波映像診断装置(Insight−300、インサイト製)により、得られた半導体装置の外観画像を撮り、スキャナGT−9300UF(EPSON社製)で半導体チップ上の接着剤層の画像を取り込み、画像処理ソフトAdobe Photoshop(登録商標)を用いて、色調補正、二階調化によりボイド部分を識別し、ヒストグラムによりボイド部分の占める割合を算出した。半導体チップ上の接着剤層の面積を100%とした。ボイドの専有面積が5%以下の場合を「A」と評価し、5%を超える場合を「B」とした。結果を表6に示す。
作製した半導体装置の接続抵抗値を、マルチメータ(ADVANTEST製、商品名「R6871E」)を用いて測定することにより、仮圧着工程後及び本圧着工程後の導通を評価した。仮圧着工程後は、ペリフェラル部分において導通している(抵抗値が表示される)場合を「A」とし、導通していない(抵抗値が表示されない)場合を「B」とした。本圧着工程後は、ペリフェラル部分の内周の初期接続抵抗値が45Ω以下で、かつ、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ω以下の場合を「A」とし、内周の初期接続抵抗値が45Ωを超える場合、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ωを超える場合、及び、導通していない(抵抗値が表示されない)場合を全て「B」とした。結果を表6に示す。
3−1.原材料
実施例で使用した一括接続用シートを以下に示す。
・ニトフロン900UL(日東電工株式会社、厚み50μm、100μm)
・ユーピレックスSGA(宇部興産株式会社、50μm、100μm(50μm×2))
・アルミニウム箔(住軽アルミ箔株式会社、100μm(20μm×5))
(a)熱硬化性樹脂
エポキシ樹脂
・トリフェノールメタン骨格含有多官能固形エポキシ樹脂(EP1032H60、ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社、重量平均分子量:800〜2000)
・ビスフェノールF型液状エポキシ樹脂(YL983U、ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社、分子量:約336)
・可撓性半固形状エポキシ樹脂(YL7175−1000、ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社、重量平均分子量:1000〜5000)
アクリル樹脂
・フルオレン骨格アクリレート樹脂(EA0200、大阪ガスケミカル株式会社、2官能基、分子量:約546)
・2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体(2MAOK−PW、四国化成株式会社製)
・ジクミル過酸化物(パークミルD、日油株式会社)
・フェノキシ樹脂(ZX1356−2、東都化成株式会社、Tg:約71℃、重量平均分子量:約63000)
・アクリルゴム(KH−C865、日立化成製、Tg:0〜12℃、重量平均分子量:450000〜650000)
樹脂フィラー
・有機フィラー(EXL−2655、ロームアンドハースジャパン株式会社、コアシェルタイプ有機微粒子)
無機フィラー
・シリカフィラー(SE2050、株式会社アドマテックス、平均粒径0.5μm)
・メタクリル表面処理ナノシリカフィラー(YA050C−SM、株式会社アドマテックス、平均粒径約50nm)
・2−メチルグルタル酸(アルドリッチ、融点約77℃)
・3−メタクリロキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン(OFS6030、東レダウコーニング株式会社)
各種原材料を表7に示す配合割合で混合し、熱硬化性樹脂組成物A及びBを調製した。具体的な作製方法を以下に示す。熱硬化性樹脂、フィラー、及び必要に応じてフラックス剤を、不揮発分(固形分)の濃度が60質量%になるようにメチルエチルケトンに添加した。その後、この混合液にΦ1.0mm、Φ2.0mmのビーズを固形分と同質量加え、ビーズミル(フリッチュ・ジャパン株式会社、遊星型微粉砕機P−7)で30分間撹拌した。混合液に高分子成分を加え、ビーズミルで30分間攪拌した。攪拌後、硬化剤及び必要に応じて添加剤を加えて攪拌し、混合液をろ過することでビーズを取り除き、ろ液を熱硬化性樹脂組成物A又はBとして得た。
作製した熱硬化性樹脂組成物A又はBを小型精密塗工装置(廉井精機)で塗工し、クリーンオーブン(ESPEC製)で乾燥(70℃/10分)し、接着剤フィルムを得た。
8mm×8mm×0.045mmtのサイズを有する接着剤フィルムを、半導体チップ(10mm、0.4mm厚、接続部金属:Au、製品名:WALTS−TEG IP80、WALTS製)に貼付した。この接着フィルム付き半導体チップを、接着フィルムを介してはんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm×0.15mmt、バンプ高さ:銅ピラー+はんだ高さ計約45μm、バンプ数1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS−TEG CC80、WALTS製)に接触させ、これをFCB3(パナソニック製、圧着ヘッド面積:7.3mm×7.3mm)で仮圧着し、積層体を作製した。熱硬化性樹脂組成物Aを用いた積層体は、FCB3の圧着ヘッドの温度を130℃に設定し、50Nの圧力で3秒間加熱加圧することで、仮圧着した。熱硬化性樹脂組成物Bを用いた積層体は、FCB3の圧着ヘッドの温度を130℃に設定し、100Nの圧力で3秒間加熱及び加圧することで、仮圧着した。仮圧着後の積層体を9個準備し、圧着ヘッドの面積が100mm×100mmである一括接続用装置(アルファデザイン製、HTB−MM)のステージ上に積層体を9個設置した。設置後、100mm×100mmの一括接続用シートを積層体の上に被せ、一括で本圧着し、半導体装置を得た。本圧着は、ステージ温度を80℃に設定し、圧着ヘッドの温度を250℃に設定し、900N(積層体1個あたり100N)の圧力で5秒間加熱及び加圧することで行った。
[250℃における一括接続用シートの貯蔵弾性率]
一括接続用シートから切り出した幅4mm、長さ40mmの試験片の粘弾性を、弾性率測定装置RSA2(Rheometric Scientific, Inc.)を用いて、周波数10Hz、昇温速度5℃/分の条件で−30℃から300℃まで昇温しながら測定した。測定結果から250℃における貯蔵弾性率を求めた。
250℃における一括接続用シートの変位量は、電気機械式万能試験機(INSTRON製、5900シリーズ)、Bluehill3ソフトウエアを用いて測定した。250℃の槽内に一括接続用シートを設置し、直径8μmの円形の端面を有する棒状の押圧用冶具を用いて、一括接続用シートの主面と押圧用治具の端面とが平行になる向きで押し当てる圧縮試験を行った。押圧用治具によって、0.001mm/秒のスピードで100N(約2MPa)の荷重を一括接続用シートに加えた。圧縮荷重が0Nから100Nになってから5秒経過し、荷重が100Nで安定した時点の変位量を、一括接続用シートの膜厚の変位量として記録した。
本圧着後にマルチメータ(ADVANTEST製、R6871E)を用いて、半導体装置の初期導通の可否を測定した。ペリフェラル部分の内周の初期接続抵抗値が40Ω以下、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ω以下である半導体装置をOK、それよりも高い抵抗値又は未接続の半導体装置をNGとして評価した。9個の半導体装置の中でOK評価となる数が、9個全ての場合に総合評価をA、それ以外をBとして判定した。
4−1.接着剤フィルムの作製
接着剤フィルムの作製に使用した化合物を以下に示す。
アクリル樹脂
・エトキシ化イソシアヌル酸トリアクリレート(新中村化学工業株式会社製、A−9300、アクリロイル基の官能基数:3)
・フルオレンに由来する骨格を有するアクリレート化合物(大阪ガスケミカル株式会社製、EA0200、アクリロイル基の官能基数:2)
・ジクミル過酸化物(日油株式会社製、パークミルD)
・フェノキシ樹脂(東都化成株式会社製、ZX1356、Tg:約71℃、重量平均分子量:約63000)
・アクリルゴム(日立化成株式会社製、KH−C865、Tg:0〜12℃、重量平均分子量:450000〜650000)
無機フィラー
・シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、SE2050、平均粒径:0.5μm)・エポキシシランで表面処理されたシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、SE2050SEJ、平均粒径:0.5μm)
・メタクリル表面処理ナノシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス製、YA050CSM
、以下「SMナノシリカ」と表記する、平均粒径:約50nm)
樹脂フィラー
・有機フィラー(ロームアンドハースジャパン(株)製、EXL−2655:コアシェルタイプ有機微粒子)
表1に示す配合量(単位:質量部)のアクリル樹脂(A9300)、無機フィラー(SE2050、SE2050SEJ及びSMナノシリカ)及び樹脂フィラー(EXL2655)を、不揮発分(固形分、溶媒以外の成分)の濃度が60質量%になるように、溶媒としてのメチルエチルケトンに加えた。次いで、Φ1.0mm、Φ2.0mmのビーズを、メチルエチルケトンに加えたアクリル樹脂及び無機フィラーの合計量と同じ量加え、ビーズミル(フリッチュ・ジャパン株式会社製、遊星型微粉砕機P−7)で30分撹拌した。その後、高分子成分としてのフェノキシ樹脂(ZX1356)を加え、再度、ビーズミルで30分撹拌した。撹拌後、硬化剤(パークミルD)を添加して攪拌し、ビーズをろ過によって除去してワニスを得た。得られたワニスを小型精密塗工装置(株式会社廉井精機製)で塗工し、クリーンオーブン(ESPEC製)で乾燥(70℃/10min)して、接着剤フィルムを得た。
使用した材料を表10に示すように変更したこと以外は製造例4−1と同様にして、接着剤フィルムを得た。
(実施例4−1)
作製した製造例4−1の接着剤フィルムを切り抜き(8mm×8mm×0.045mmt)、半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm×0.4mmt、接続部の金属:Au、製品名:WALTS−TEG IP80、WALTS製)上に貼付した。次いで、接着剤フィルムを貼付した半導体チップを、仮圧着用押圧部材として準備した押圧部材のステージ上に供給した。このステージ上の半導体チップと、はんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm×0.15mmt、接続部の金属:銅ピラー+はんだ、バンプ高さ:銅ピラー+はんだ計約45μm、バンプ数1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS−TEG CC80、WALTS製)とをそれぞれの接続部が互いに対向するように位置合わせした。その後、半導体チップ、接着剤フィルム及び半導体チップからなる積層体を、圧着ヘッドとステージの間に挟んで加圧及び加熱して、半導体チップ同士を仮圧着した。
・仮圧着条件
圧着ヘッドの温度:80℃、荷重:75N、ステージ温度:80℃
[接続評価]
作製した半導体装置の接続抵抗値を、マルチメータ(ADVANTEST製、商品名「R6871E」)を用いて測定することにより、実装後の初期導通を評価した。ペリフェラル部分の内周の初期接続抵抗値が45Ω以下で、かつ、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ω以下の場合を「A」とし、内周の初期接続抵抗値が45Ωを超える場合、外周の初期接続抵抗値が85Ωを超える場合、及び、導通していない(抵抗値が表示されない)場合を全て「B」とした。
以下の点で条件を変更をしたこと以外は実施例4−1と同様にして、半導体装置を製造した。押圧部材のステージ上で半導体チップとバンプ付半導体チップとを位置合わせした。その後、押圧部材の圧着ヘッドとステージとで加圧しながら、圧着ヘッドの温度を1秒間で280℃まで昇温させた後、その状態で2秒間保持した。これにより、半導体チップとバンプ付半導体チップとを互いに圧着し、電気的に接続した。圧着にかかった時間の合計は3秒であった。その後、圧着ヘッドの温度を280℃から半導体チップ供給温度の80℃まで冷却した。押圧部材を用いて、半導体装置を複数製造した。上記の半導体装置の製造では、上記の接続評価が「A」となるように条件が設定されている。圧着工程の各段階に要した製造時間、半導体装置100パッケージ(PKG)あたりの製造時間の結果を表11に示す。
加熱装置としてリフロ炉の代わりにオーブンを用い、積層体を260℃のオーブン内で600秒加熱したこと以外は実施例4−1と同様にして半導体装置の製造を行った。結果を表12に示す。
製造例4−2の接着剤フィルムを用いたこと以外は実施例4−1と同様にして半導体装置の製造を行った。結果を表13に示す。
製造例4−2の接着剤フィルムを用いこと以外は比較例4−1と同様にして半導体装置の製造を行った。結果を表13に示す。
加熱装置としてリフロ炉の代わりにオーブンを用い、積層体を260℃のオーブン内で600秒加熱したこと以外は実施例4−3と同様にして半導体装置の製造を行った。結果を表14に示す。
5−1.原材料
実施例で使用した化合物を以下に示す。
(i)重量平均分子量10000未満の樹脂成分
(エポキシ樹脂)
・トリフェノールメタン骨格含有多官能固形エポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社、EP1032H60、以下「EP1032」とする)、重量平均分子量:800〜2000
・ビスフェノールF型液状エポキシ樹脂(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社、YL983U、以下「YL983」とする)重量平均分子量:約336
・可とう性半固形状エポキシ(ジャパンエポキシレジン株式会社、YL7175−1000、以下「YL7175」とする)、重量平均分子量:1000〜5000
(ii)硬化剤
・2,4−ジアミノ−6−[2’−メチルイミダゾリル−(1’)]−エチル−s−トリアジンイソシアヌル酸付加体(四国化成株式会社製、2MAOK−PW、以下「2MAOK」とする)
(iii)重量平均分子量10000以上の高分子成分
・フェノキシ樹脂(東都化成株式会社、ZX1356−2、Tg:約71℃、Mw:約63000、以下「ZX1356」とする)
(iv)フラックス剤(カルボン酸)
・2−メチルグルタル酸(アルドリッチ、融点約77℃、以下「グルタル酸」とする)
(v)フィラー
(無機フィラー)
・シリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス、SE2050、平均粒径0.5μm)
・フェニル表面処理ナノシリカフィラー(株式会社アドマテックス、YA050C−SP、以下SPナノシリカとする、平均粒径約50nm)
(樹脂フィラー)
・有機フィラー(ロームアンドハースジャパン(株)社製、EXL−2655:コアシェルタイプ有機微粒子)
(vi)シリコーンレジン
以下の化学式で表される基本構造を有するシリコーンレジンを準備した。
・固形シラノール、R1:フェニル基又はプロピル基、R2:アルキレン基、X:H(東レダウコーニング(株)社製、RSN−6018、分子量:約2000)
・固形シラノール、R1:フェニル基、R2:アルキレン基、X:H(東レダウコーニング(株)社製、FCA107、分子量:約3000)
(その他のシリコーンレジン)
・液状シリコーンレジン、R1:メチル基、R2:アルキレン基、X:CH3(東レダウコーニング(株)社製、SR2402、分子量:約1500)
(実施例5−1)
エポキシ樹脂、2MAOK、2−メチルグルタル酸、無機フィラー、樹脂フィラー及びシラノールに、NV(不揮発分)が60質量%になるように有機溶媒(メチルエチルケトン)を添加した。その後、φ1.0mm、φ2.0mmのビーズを固形分と同質量加え、ビーズミル(フリッチュ・ジャパン株式会社、遊星型微粉砕機P−7)で30分撹拌した。その後、ZX1356を加え、再度、ビーズミルで30分撹拌した。撹拌に用いたビーズをろ過によって除去した。作製したワニス(半導体用接着剤)を小型精密塗工装置(廉井精機)で塗工し、塗膜をクリーンオーブン(ESPEC製)で乾燥(70℃/10min)し、フィルム状接着剤を得た。
使用した材料を表15に示すように変更したことを除いては、実施例5−1のフィルム状接着剤の作製方法と同様にして、フィルム状接着剤を作製した。表15中、各材料の配合量は不揮発分の配合量であり、単位は質量部である。
(1)熱重量減少量評価
約10mgのシリコーンレジン単体をPtパンに入れ、35℃から400℃までの熱重量減少をTG/DTA測定装置(セイコーインスツルメンツ株式会社製、EXSTAR6000)で測定した。昇温速度は10℃/minとした。260℃の熱重量減少量が20%以下のサンプルをA、260℃の熱重量減少量が20%より多い場合をBと評価した。
レオメーターMCR301(株式会社アントンパール・ジャパン製)を用いた。ステージ上に半導体用接着剤を供給し、ボイドが入らないように測定治具を設置した。測定条件は、ステージと測定治具(φ8mm)の間隔0.3mm、振り角gamma=5%、周波数f=1Hz、ノーマルフォースFN=0μN、昇温速度10℃/min、測定範囲30℃〜180℃とした。粘度曲線から130℃(下記(3)の第一工程の温度)の粘度を求めた。
作製したフィルム状接着剤を切り抜き(7.3mm×7.3mm×0.045mmt)、はんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm×0.15mmt、バンプ高さ:銅ピラー+はんだ計約45μm、バンプ数1048、ピッチ80μm、WALTS−TEG CC80ModelI、WALTS製)上に貼付し、受け側の半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm×0.1mmt、WALTS−TEG IP80、WALTS製)にFCB3(パナソニック製)で仮圧着した。ステージ温度は80℃とした。130℃/100N/3sで位置合わせして仮圧着した(第一工程)。仮圧着後の積層体を最高温度260℃に到達するリフロ炉(タムラ製作所製)に約600s(10min)通すことで本圧着させて、半導体装置パッケージのサンプルを得た。第一工程後及び第二工程後のそれぞれで、マルチメータ(ADVANTEST製、R6871E)を用いて初期導通の可否を測定した。ペリフェラル部(内周部)の接続抵抗値が32.0〜38.0ΩのサンプルをA(接続良好)、それ以外の抵抗値又はOpenをB(接続不良)と評価した。
上記(3)で作製したサンプルについて、第一工程後及び第二工程後のそれぞれで、超音波映像診断装置(Insight−300、インサイト製)により、外観画像を撮り、スキャナGT−9300UF(EPSON社製)でチップ上の半導体用接着剤からなる層(接着剤層)の画像を取り込んだ。画像処理ソフトAdobe Photoshopを用いて、色調補正、二階調化により画像からボイド部分を識別し、ヒストグラムによりボイド部分の占める割合を算出した。チップ上の半導体用接着剤部分の面積を100%として、ボイド発生率が5%以下をA、ボイド発生率が5%より多い場合をBと評価した。
上記(3)で作製したパッケージを封止材(日立化成製、CEL9750ZHF10)を用いて、モールドした(条件:180℃/6.75MPa/90s)。次に、クリーンオーブン(ESPEC製)中で175℃で5時間アフターキュアを行った。その後、JEDEC level 2条件で高温吸湿後、リフロ評価(リフロ炉:タムラ製作所製)を行った(リフロ炉を3回通した)。リフロ後、剥離なく、接続良好なサンプルをA、剥離又は接続不良が生じたサンプルをBとした。接続評価方法は上記(3)と同様な方法で行った。
本実施形態に係る熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分を更に含有していてもよい。熱硬化性樹脂、硬化剤等の、高分子成分以外の成分の重量平均分子量又は分子量は、通常、10000未満である。高分子成分としては、例えば、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリカルボジイミド樹脂、シアネートエステル樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエチレン樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリエーテルイミド樹脂、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、ウレタン樹脂及びアクリルゴムが挙げられる。耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に優れるという観点から、高分子成分を、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、アクリルゴム、シアネートエステル樹脂及びポリカルボジイミド樹脂から選択してもよい。耐熱性及びフィルム形成性に更に優れるという観点から、高分子成分を、エポキシ樹脂、フェノキシ樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂及びアクリルゴムから選択してもよい。これらの高分子成分は、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る熱硬化性樹脂組成物は、粘度及び硬化物の物性を制御するため、及び、半導体チップ同士、又は半導体チップと基板とを接続した際のボイドの発生及び吸湿率の更なる抑制のために、フィラーを更に含有していてもよい。フィラーとしては、例えば、無機フィラー及び樹脂フィラーが挙げられる。無機フィラーとしては、例えば、ガラス、シリカ、アルミナ、酸化チタン、カーボンブラック、マイカ及び窒化ホウ素等の絶縁性無機フィラーが挙げられる。取り扱い性の観点から、無機フィラーをシリカ、アルミナ、酸化チタン及び窒化ホウ素から選択してもよいし、形状統一性(取り扱い性)の観点から、無機フィラーをシリカ、アルミナ及び窒化ホウ素から選択してもよい。絶縁性無機フィラーはウィスカーであってもよい。ウィスカーとしては、例えば、ホウ酸アルミニウム、チタン酸アルミニウム、酸化亜鉛、珪酸カルシウム、硫酸マグネシウム及び窒化ホウ素が挙げられる。樹脂フィラーとしては、例えば、ポリウレタン、ポリイミド、メタクリル酸メチル樹脂及びメタクリル酸メチル−ブタジエン−スチレン共重合樹脂(MBS)が挙げられる。フィラーは、1種を単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。フィラーの形状、粒径、及び含有量は特に制限されない。
(実施例2−1)
対向するステージ及び圧着ヘッドを有する2台の押圧部材I,II(FCB3、パナソニック製)を準備し、押圧部材Iを仮圧着用部材として用い、押圧部材IIを本圧着用押圧部材として用いて、以下の手順で半導体装置を製造した。
作製した製造例2−1の接着剤フィルムを切り抜き(8mm×8mm×0.045mmt)、半導体チップ(チップサイズ:10mm×10mm×0.4mmt、接続部の金属:Au、製品名:WALTS−TEG IP80、WALTS製)上に貼付した。次いで、接着剤フィルムを貼付した半導体チップを、仮圧着用押圧部材としての押圧部材Iのステージ上に供給した。このステージ上の半導体チップと、はんだバンプ付き半導体チップ(チップサイズ:7.3mm×7.3mm×0.15mmt、接続部の金属:銅ピラー+はんだ、バンプ高さ:銅ピラー+はんだ計約45μm、バンプ数1048ピン、ピッチ80μm、製品名:WALTS−TEG CC80、WALTS製)とをそれぞれの接続部が互いに対向するように位置合わせした。その後、半導体チップ、接着剤フィルム及び半導体チップからなる積層体を、圧着ヘッドとステージの間に挟んで加圧及び加熱して、接続部同士が接触するように半導体チップ同士を仮圧着した。次いで、仮圧着後の積層体を、本圧着用押圧部材としての押圧部材IIで挟むことで加熱及び加圧して、半導体チップ同士を電気的に接続した。仮圧着条件及び本圧着条件は表6に示したとおりである。仮圧着及び本圧着のいずれにおいても、ステージ温度は80℃であり、圧着時間は2秒であった。
Claims (18)
- 半導体チップと、基板及び/又は他の半導体チップと、これらの間に介在する接着剤層とを備え、前記半導体チップ、前記基板、及び前記他の半導体チップのそれぞれが金属材料によって形成された表面を有する接続部を有し、前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板及び/又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とが金属接合によって電気的に接続されている、半導体装置を製造する方法であって、
前記半導体チップと、前記基板、前記他の半導体チップ、又は、前記他の半導体チップに相当する部分を含む半導体ウエハと、これらの間に配置された前記接着剤層とを有し、前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とが対向配置されている、積層体を、対向する一対の仮圧着用押圧部材で挟むことによって加熱及び加圧し、それにより前記半導体チップに前記基板、前記他の半導体チップ又は前記半導体ウエハを仮圧着する工程と、
前記積層体を、前記仮圧着用押圧部材とは別に準備された、対向する一対の本圧着用押圧部材で挟むことによって加熱及び加圧し、それにより前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とを金属接合によって電気的に接続する工程と、をこの順に備え、
前記一対の仮圧着用押圧部材のうち少なくとも一方が、前記積層体を加熱及び加圧する時に、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、及び前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点よりも低い温度に加熱され、
前記一対の本圧着用押圧部材のうち少なくとも一方が、前記積層体を加熱及び加圧する時に、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、又は前記基板若しくは前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点のうち少なくともいずれか一方の融点以上の温度に加熱される、
方法。 - 前記一対の本圧着用押圧部材のうち少なくとも一方が、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、又は前記基板若しくは前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点のうち少なくともいずれか一方の融点以上の温度に加熱された状態を維持しながら、複数の半導体装置を連続的に製造する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤層の溶融粘度が、前記仮圧着用押圧部材が加熱される温度において7000Pa・s以下である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- 半導体チップと、基板及び/又は他の半導体チップと、これらの間に介在する接着剤層とを備え、前記半導体チップ、前記基板、及び前記他の半導体チップのそれぞれが金属材料によって形成された表面を有する接続部を有し、前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板及び/又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とが金属接合によって電気的に接続されている、半導体装置を製造する方法であって、
前記半導体チップと、前記基板、前記他の半導体チップ、又は、前記他の半導体チップに相当する部分を含む半導体ウエハと、これらの間に配置された前記接着剤層とを有し、前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とが対向配置されている、積層体を、対向する一対の仮圧着用押圧部材で挟むことによって加熱及び加圧し、それにより前記半導体チップに前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップ又は前記半導体ウエハを仮圧着する工程と、
ステージ上に配置された複数の前記積層体又は複数の前記半導体チップ、前記半導体ウエハ及び前記接着剤を有する前記積層体とそれらを覆うように配置された一括接続用シートとを、前記ステージと該ステージに対向する圧着ヘッドとで挟むことによって一括して複数の前記積層体を加熱及び加圧し、それにより前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とを金属接合によって電気的に接続する工程と、をこの順に備え、
前記一対の仮圧着用押圧部材のうち少なくとも一方が、前記積層体を加熱及び加圧する時に、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、及び前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点よりも低い温度に加熱され、
前記ステージ及び前記圧着ヘッドのうち少なくとも一方が、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、又は前記基板若しくは前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点のうち少なくともいずれか一方の融点以上の温度に加熱され、
前記一括接続用シートが、250℃における10GPa以下の貯蔵弾性率と、250℃における40μm以上の変位量とを有し、
前記変位量が、直径8μmの円形の端面を有する棒状の押圧用治具を、前記一括接続用シートの主面に、前記主面と前記端面とが平行になる向きで押し当てる圧縮試験において、250℃の環境下で圧縮荷重が100Nであるときの変位量である、方法。 - 前記R1がフェニル基である、請求項5に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 前記(c)シラノール化合物が25℃で固形である、請求項5又は6に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- (d)10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分を更に含有する、請求項5〜7のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 前記(d)10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分が、30000以上の重量平均分子量、及び、100℃以下のガラス転移温度を有する、請求項8に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 半導体チップ及び配線回路基板のそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置、又は、複数の半導体チップのそれぞれの接続部が互いに電気的に接続された半導体装置を、前記接続部の金属の融点より低温で圧着する第一工程と、前記接続部の金属の融点以上の高温で加熱処理することで金属結合を形成する第二工程と、を経て製造する際に、前記接続部を封止する接着剤層を形成するために用いられる、請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤。
- 半導体チップと、基板及び/又は他の半導体チップと、これらの間に介在する接着剤層とを備え、前記半導体チップ、前記基板、及び前記他の半導体チップのそれぞれが金属材料によって形成された表面を有する接続部を有し、前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板及び/又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とが金属接合によって電気的に接続されている、半導体装置を製造する方法であって、
前記半導体チップと、前記基板、前記他の半導体チップ、又は、前記他の半導体チップに相当する部分を含む半導体ウエハと、これらの間に配置された前記接着剤層とを有し、前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とが対向配置されている、積層体を、対向する一対の仮圧着用押圧部材で挟むことによって加熱及び加圧し、それにより前記半導体チップに前記基板、前記他の半導体チップ又は前記半導体ウエハを仮圧着する工程と、
前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とを金属接合によって電気的に接続する工程と、
をこの順に備え、
前記一対の仮圧着用押圧部材のうち少なくとも一方が、前記積層体を加熱及び加圧する時に、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、及び前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点よりも低い温度に加熱され、
前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とを金属接合によって電気的に接続する工程において、前記積層体が、加熱炉内又はホットプレート上で、前記半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点、又は前記基板若しくは前記他の半導体チップの接続部の表面を形成している金属材料の融点のうち少なくともいずれか一方の融点以上の温度に加熱される、方法。 - 複数の前記積層体が前記加熱炉内又は前記ホットプレート上で一括して加熱される、請求項11に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤層が、請求項5〜9のいずれか一項に記載の半導体用接着剤を含む層である、請求項11又は12に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤層が、10000以下の分子量を有する熱硬化性樹脂、及びその硬化剤を含有する熱硬化性樹脂組成物を含む層である、請求項1〜4、11及び12のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記熱硬化性樹脂組成物が、10000以上の重量平均分子量を有する高分子成分を更に含有する、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記高分子成分の重量平均分子量が30000以上であり、前記高分子成分のガラス転移温度が100℃以下である、請求項15に記載の方法。
- 前記接着剤層が、予め準備された接着剤フィルムによって形成された層である、請求項1〜4及び11〜16のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
- 前記半導体チップの接続部と前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップの接続部とを接触させるとともに前記半導体チップに前記基板又は前記他の半導体チップを仮圧着する、請求項1〜4及び11〜17のいずれか一項に記載の方法。
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