JP7408604B2 - ペプチドコンジュゲート粒子 - Google Patents
ペプチドコンジュゲート粒子 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7408604B2 JP7408604B2 JP2021132266A JP2021132266A JP7408604B2 JP 7408604 B2 JP7408604 B2 JP 7408604B2 JP 2021132266 A JP2021132266 A JP 2021132266A JP 2021132266 A JP2021132266 A JP 2021132266A JP 7408604 B2 JP7408604 B2 JP 7408604B2
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Description
本発明は、National Institute of Healthによる助成(R01 EB013198)の下に政府の支援を受けてなされた。政府は本発明について一定の権利を有する。
本出願は、2013年8月13日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/865,389号、2013年8月23日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/869,279号、及び2013年10月4日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/887,112号に対する優先権を主張する。本出願は、2013年6月21日出願の国際出願PCT/US2013/047079にも関し、これは、2012年6月21日出願の米国特許仮出願第61/662,687号に対する優先権を主張する、これら各々の内容は、その全体を参照することによって本明細書に組み込まれる。
同封の電子的に提出されたテキストファイルの内容は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる:配列表のコンピュータ可読形式のコピー(ファイル名:COUR-002_01US_Seqlist.txt、記録日:2013年8月13日、ファイルサイズ:1.17メガバイト)。
キメラマウスの発生
6~8週齢のB6.SJL-PtprcaPep3b/BoyJ(CD45.1)マウスを、950ラドで1回照射した。12時間後、C57BL/6-7.2fms-EGFPドナーから、107個の骨髄細胞を用いてマウスを再構成した。照射後10日間、マウスに、飲料水中のスルファメトキサゾール(Sigma Aldrich)及びトリメトプリム(Sigma Aldrich)を与えた。照射6週間後、上記のようにマウスをWNVに感染させた。キメラ現象をフローサイトメトリーを用いて確認し、以前に示されたように(Getts et al.,J Neurochem.103:1019,2007)96~99%がドナー起源であることが常に見つかった。
マウスに麻酔し、50mLの滅菌PBSを用いて灌流した。処理してパラフィンブロックにした(Getts et al.,J.Neurochem 103:10919-1030,2007)心臓を除いた全臓器を単離し、Optimum Cutting Temperature Compound(OCT、Tissue-Tek(Tokyo,Japan))中で急速凍結させた。8ミクロンの組織切片をクリオスタットミクロトーム上で切り取り、一晩空気乾燥させ、その後必要になるまで-80℃で保管した。凍結させた切片を解凍し、組織学検査(標準的なヘマトキシリン及びエオシン染色)又は免疫組織化学検査を行った(Getts et al.,J.Exp Med 205:2319~2337,2008)。MARCO、SIGN-R1、及びSIGLEC-1(R&D Systems(MN,USA))、CD68(Abcam(MA,USA))及びKi67(Abcam)に対する抗体を指示通りに使用した。DP-70カメラ及びDPマネージャ2.2.1ソフトウェア(Olympus(Tokyo,Japan))を使用して、Olympus BX-51顕微鏡上で画像を取得した。
DP-70カメラ及びDPマネージャ2.2.1ソフトウェア(Olympus)を使用して、Olympus BX-51顕微鏡(Olympus(Japan))上で画像を取得した。
事前に記載されているように(Getts et al,J Exp Med.29:2319,2007)、PBS中で、デオキシリボヌクレアーゼ(0.005g/mL、Sigma Aldrich)及びコラゲナーゼIV(0.05g/mL、Sigma Aldrich)を用いて、37℃で脳を60分間消化することによって、PBSで灌流したマウスの脳から白血球を得た。10% FCSによって消化を止め、70μmのナイロン製セルストレーナー(Becton Dickinson(NJ,USA))にホモジネートを通過させた。340×gで10分間遠心分離後に得られたペレットを、30%のPercoll(Amersham(Norway))に再懸濁し、80%のPercoll上に重層した。1140×gで25分間室温での遠心分離後、30%/80%界面から白血球を回収した。同じ方法を用いて、処理前に組織重量を測り、肝臓からも白血球を得た。
フローサイトメトリーによる解析のため、右大腿骨を切り出し、PBSを入れた注射器を用いて骨髄細胞を洗い出した。骨髄前駆体の単離には、少なくとも4例のマウス由来の大腿骨及び頚骨を用いた。洗い出した後に得られた細胞懸濁液を70μmのセルストレーナーで濾過し、340gで5分間遠心分離した。得られたペレット中の赤血球をNH4Cl系赤血球溶解用緩衝液(BD Pharm Lyse(商標);BD Pharmingen)中で溶解し、340×gで5分間遠心分離した。末梢血の場合、血液を心穿刺によって採取し、直ちにクエン酸緩衝液(mMol、Sigma Alrich)中に移した。得られた懸濁液を70%のPercoll上に重層し、1140×gで20分間、室温にてブレーキをかけずに遠心分離した。界面を回収し、細胞をPBSで1回洗浄して、340×gで遠心分離した。脾臓白血球の単離には、7070μmのセルストレーナーに脾臓を通過させ、5分間340gで遠心分離した。得られたペレット中の赤血球をNH4Cl系赤血球溶解用緩衝液(BD Pharm Lyse(商標);BD Pharmingen)中で溶解し、340×gで5分間遠心分離した。
脳、肝臓、血液、及び骨髄から収集された細胞(上記のように)をPBSで洗浄し、抗CD16/CD32抗体(Biolegend)でブロッキングした。トリパンブルーによる排除を用いて生細胞を数えたが、これは通常>95%の細胞生存率を示した。
本発明の実施形態の開発中に実験を行い、養子移入と名付けられた活動性疾患の第2のモデルを研究した。動物をペプチドで免疫化するのではなく、活動性疾患を有するマウスの脾臓由来リンパ球を、後に発症するであろうレシピエントに移入した。本発明の実施形態の開発中に実験を行い、PLGナノ粒子による、養子移入された活性化エフェクター細胞の不活化能を確認した。対照ペプチドと結合した粒子又は脾細胞で処理されたマウスは、4日目から臨床スコアの上昇が始まった。2日目にPLG-PLP139~151粒子で処理されたマウスの平均臨床スコアは、40日目までの2回のタイムポイント以外全て0であり、その他のタイムポイントの平均臨床スコアは0.25であった。
製造業者の説明書どおりに、多重プレートによるELISAを行った(Quansys Biosciences(Logan,Utah,USA))。簡潔に言えば、脳、脾臓、及び肝臓組織をPBS中でホモジナイズし、1000×gの遠心分離で清澄化して、アッセイが行われるまで-20℃で保管した。血清サンプルも用いた。解凍したサンプルと標準品を提供される緩衝液で希釈し、それぞれに特定の可溶性タンパク質の捕捉抗体が含まれる16ヶ所を含む各ウェルに、それぞれ30μLをプレーティングした。続いて、120r.p.m.の軌道振盪器上でプレートを1時間インキュベートした。プレートを3回洗浄し、30μLの検出抗体を各ウェルに加え、更に1時間インキュベートした。3回洗浄した後、ストレプトアビジン(strepavidin)-HRPを加え、更に15分間インキュベートした。その後、プレートを6回洗浄し、基質混合液を加えた。直ちにプレートをCCDイメージャ(Kodak(Rochester NY,USA))で読み取った。Quansys Q-viewソフトウェア(Quansys Biosciences)を使用してプレート画像を分析した。
0.1mgのMOGペプチド(MEVGWYRSPFSRVVHLYRNGK(配列番号1)、Auspep(Parkville,Victoria,Australia)、>95% HPLC精製済)、及び、2mg/mLの結核菌を含む完全フロイントアジュバント(Sigma Aldrich)を含有するエマルションを、マウスの皮下に投与した。2日後、マウスに、500μLの百日咳毒素(Sigma Aldrich)をi.p.で投与した。疾患の進行についてマウスを観察し、1、尻尾挙上不全及び/又は後肢1本の脱力;2、2本以上の肢の脱力、歩行障害;3、1本の肢の麻痺;4、2本以上の肢の麻痺、失禁;5、瀕死のスケールで段階評価した。
グラフを作成し、コンピュータによる統計解析を、それぞれGraphPad Prism及びInStat(両方ともGraphPad software(San Diego,CA,USA)のプログラム)で行った。データに応じて、対応のない両側スチューデントのt検定、又は、テューキー-クレーマーポスト検定と併用する一元配置分散分析を行い、P<0.05を有意をみなした。
負に荷電した免疫修飾粒子(IMP)の調製
D2O中のポリ(エチレン-無水マレイン酸)(PEMA)の溶液(4mL、1% w/v)に、ジクロロメタン(DCM)中のポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコール酸)(PLG)の溶液(2mL、20% w/v)を滴加した。VC 30 Ultrasonic Processorを使用して、混合物を30秒間16ワットで氷上で超音波分解させた。得られた均質化した粗物質を、その後、D2Oの溶液(0.5% w/vのPEMAを含有する200mL)中に注ぎ入れた。Bellco Glass,Inc.,Bellstir Multi-stir 9電磁撹拌機を使用して、3.5の速度設定で、均質化したスラリーを一晩撹拌させた(10Wで10秒間、16Wで10秒間、16Wで30秒間)。
3時間の撹拌の後、粒径分析を、使い捨てのポリスチレンキュベット中で動的光散乱を使用して行った。
a.10W、10秒-Z平均=499.9nm-PdI=0.23、ピーク=634.5nm
b.16W、10秒-Z平均=528.9nm-PdI=0.227、ピーク=657.5nm
c.16W、30秒-Z平均=471.6nm-PdI=0.228、ピーク=580.5nm
d.16W、60秒-Z平均=491.1nm-PdI=0.275、ピーク=600.8nm
新たなD2O及び10倍重炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液を一晩かけて4℃に冷却した。40μmのセルストレーナーを使用して、36mLの粒子懸濁液を、各バッチから、4mLの冷却した10倍重炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液を含む適切にラベル付けした50mLの遠心分離管中に濾過した。各ビーカーからは約6個のこのような管が得られた。全ての管を、4℃で7000gで約15分間遠心分離させ、上清を吸引した。上述の手順を使用して懸濁液の調製を繰り返し、できるだけ多くの粒子ペレットを1mLの冷却したD2O中に懸濁した。
抗原に結合したPLGAビーズの投与は、再発性実験的自己免疫性脳炎を予防する
再発性実験的自己免疫性脳炎(R-EAE)の予防に対する寛容を誘導するための免疫優性プロテオリピドタンパク質PLP139~151エピトープ(PLG-PLP139~151)を用いて、PLGナノ粒子を検討した。R-EAEマウスを上記のように作製した。
抗原に結合したPLG粒子の点滴静注は、OVA/ミョウバンで予め感作した動物におけるアナフィラキシー誘発性体温低下を誘導しない
活動性疾患が存在するため、抗原に対するアナフィラキシーが懸念点であり、これは即死の原因となり得、ポリスチレンに結合した粒子で見られている。アナフィラキシーは、体温の顕著な低下を伴う。OVA-PLGの静脈内投与が予め感作した動物においてアナフィラキシー誘発性体温低下を誘導するかどうかを調べるため、0日目に、腹腔内投与による10μgのOVA/ミョウバンでマウスを免疫化した。14日目、腹腔内投与による10μgのOVA/ミョウバンでマウスを再度免疫化し、その後21日目に、OVA-PLGを静脈内に投与して寛容化した。28日目、静脈内投与によって、OVA-PLG粒子又はOVAのいずれかでマウスを続いて寛容化した。
PLP-PLG粒子による予防的治療は、長期間の抗原特異的寛容を誘導する
疾患誘導の7日前に、PLP139~151-PLGの濃度を上げながら静脈内投与して至適用量を決定し、OVA323~339-PLGで処理したSJL/Jマウスと比較して、臨床疾患の発症を観察した(図6A)。6~8週齢の雌性SJL/Jマウスに、PLP139~151(四角)又はOVA323~339(丸)のいずれかを結合したPLGナノ粒子をiv投与した。7日後(図6B)、25日後(図6C)、又は50日後(図6D)、CFA中PLP139~151の皮下投与によって、EAEを誘導した。パネルBの動物の臨床疾患について、100日間追跡調査した。図6Eは、疾患誘導8日目、パネルBに示すマウスのサブセットにおいて、遅延型過敏性(DTH)反応を行ったことを示す。パネルBのPLP139~151/CFAで一次感作させた群から選択された代表的な動物(OVA323~339-PLG及びPLP139~151-PLG)に対し、一次感作したPLP139~151エピトープ及びOVA323~339対照ペプチドを耳に惹起投与した。DTHの尺度としての耳腫脹を24時間後に測定し、惹起前の反応を差し引いた。図6Fは、6~8週齢の雌性SJL/Jマウスに、PLP178~191(三角)、OVA323~339(丸)、若しくはPLP139~151(四角)を結合したPLGナノ粒子、又は未結合の粒子単独(白抜き丸)を静脈内に投与したことを示す。EAEは、CFA中PLP178~191の皮下投与後7日目に誘導され、示される時点において疾患を観察した。
再発性実験的自己免疫性脳炎の抗原結合粒子による治療
本発明の実施形態の開発中に実験を行い、PLG-PLP139~151粒子の、疾患の予防ではなく疾患の治療に対する能力を調べ、投与経路が疾患の発症に影響するかを判定した。PLP139~151及びアジュバントを用いて、0日目にマウスを免疫化した。マウスは通常は、12~14日目に最大の臨床スコアを有する。このモデルでは、10日目に、PLG-PLP139~151粒子又は対照PLG-OVA323~339粒子を用いて、静脈内(iv)投与、腹腔内(ip)投与、皮下(sc)投与、又は経口のいずれかでマウスを処理した。図7に示されるように、PLG-PLP139~151粒子を静脈内又は腹腔内のいずれかに投与するとき、予防的寛容が最も効率的である。静脈内投与されたPLP139~151-PLGで処理された動物は、疾患を発症せず、ほとんどの時点での平均臨床スコアが0であった。これは、観察した>70%の動物がアナフィラキシーで死亡した、PLP139~151ポリスチレン(polystrene)粒子で処理した動物と対照的である。
抗原結合粒子の寛容は、活動性再発性実験的自己免疫性脳炎において、抗原特異的Th1及びTh17応答の誘導を阻害する
抗原結合粒子の投与がTヘルパー細胞の誘導を阻害するかどうかを判定するため、MOG35~55-PLG又はOVA323~339-PLG粒子のいずれかを、-7日目にBALB/cマウスの静脈内に投与した。0日目、OVA323~339-PLG粒子及び完全フロイントアジュバント(CFA)をマウスに皮下投与した。10日目に、MOG35~55-PLG又はOVA323~339-PLG粒子のいずれかで動物を再刺激し、流入領域リンパ節細胞を単離した。CPM、並びにIL-17、GM-CSF、IFN-γ、IL-10、及びIL-4の濃度を10日目に測定した。図8に示されるように、OVA323~339-PLG粒子の投与が、処理された動物におけるTh1及びTh17応答を阻害した。
寛容は、PLP-139~151を結合したPLGA粒子によって誘導される
PLP139~151-PLG又はOVA323~339 PLGをマウスに送達することによって、追加の治療的寛容戦略を行った。組織学的解析は、PLP139~151-PLG粒子の投与により、頚髄の炎症と脱髄が阻害されたことを示した。マウスを、PLP-PLG又はOVA323~339-PLGで処理し、40日目に組織を回収した。頚髄を単離して切断し、R-EAE及び多発性硬化症の病的状態の根拠となる、CNS中での免疫応答を調べた。図9は、PLP139~151-PLGで処理した動物の脊髄内への免疫細胞浸潤の低下を示し、これは、OVA323~339-PLGで処理された動物の組織よりも、天然組織に近かった。OVA323~339-PLGで処理された動物は、CD45、CD4、及びCD11b染色に陽性を示したが、一方PLP139~151-PLGで処理された動物は、これらの因子の染色が最小限であった。
PLP-139~151に結合したPLGA粒子によって誘導された寛容は、制御性T細胞の増殖/活性化に一部依存する。
SJL/Jマウスを、-9日目に、制御性T細胞(Treg)の共通マーカーである抗CD25抗体で処理し、続いて-7日目に、OVA323~339 PLG粒子と抗CD25抗体、OVA323~339 PLG粒子と対照IgG抗体、PLP139~151-PLG粒子と抗CD25抗体、又はPLP139~151-PLG粒子と対照IgG抗体のいずれかで処理した。図13に示されるように、PLP139~151-PLG粒子及び抗CD25抗体で処理した動物が、PLP139~151-PLG粒子及び対照IgG抗体で処理した動物よりも高い平均臨床スコアを、時として示した。これは、Treg、又は少なくともCD25を発現するT細胞が、寛容の開始に関与することを示している。
能動的及び養子的EAEにおいて、治療的寛容はPLP139~151-PLG粒子によって誘導される
PLP139~151-PLG粒子によって誘導された治療的寛容を、能動的及び養子的EAEにおいて比較した。2.5×106個のPLP139~151活性化芽球の養子移入によって、6~8週齢の雌性SJL/Jマウスにおいて養子的EAEを誘導した。PLP139~151(四角)又はOVA323~339(丸)ペプチドを結合させた500nmのPLGナノ粒子を、疾患誘導2日後(図14A)、14日後(図14C)、18日後(図14E)、又は21日後(図14F)に、マウスにiv投与した。臨床疾患スコアを、抗原を結合させた脾細胞で処理後のもの(図14A)と比較した。42日目に、PLP139~151又はOVA323~339で寛容化したマウスから、組織学的解析用に脳及び脊髄を採取した。パネルAのマウスの切片は、PLPタンパク質及びCD45について染色した(図14B)。パネルCのマウスの脊髄切片は、ルクソールファストブルーで染色した(図14D)。脱髄及び細胞浸潤の領域を矢印で示す。結果は、寛容が、養子的EAEマウスにおいてPLP139~151-PLG粒子によって誘導されることを示す。
養子移入EAEにおいて、抗PD-1モノクローナル抗体による治療は、PLP139~151を封入するPLGナノ粒子による寛容誘導を抑制する
養子的EAEマウスにおける、PLP139~151により誘導される寛容に対する抗PD-1抗体による治療の効果を調べるため、0日目に、3×106個のPLP139~151活性化T細胞芽球を、静脈内投与によってマウスに投与した。2日目、PLG粒子に封入されたPLP139~151又はOVA323~339を、PBS又は抗PD-1抗体のいずれかと共に、静脈内投与で投与した。4、6、8、10、及び12日目、全ての動物に、250μgの抗PD-1抗体又はPBSを投与した。
養子移入EAEにおいて、アゴニストである抗CD40モノクローナル抗体による治療は、PLP139~151を封入するPLGナノ粒子による寛容誘導をIL-12依存的に抑制する
養子的EAEマウスにおける、PLP139~151により誘導される寛容に対するアゴニストである抗CD40抗体による治療の効果を調べるため、0日目に、3×106個のPLP139~151活性化T細胞芽球を、静脈内投与によってマウスに投与した。2日目、PLG粒子に封入されたPLP139~151又はOVA323~339を、マウスに静脈内投与で投与した。3日目、対照のIgG2a抗体、抗CD40抗体、又は抗CD40抗体及び抗Il-12抗体を動物に投与した。
PLG粒子に封入されたOVAは、アレルギー性気道炎症及びin vivoのOVA特異的Th2応答を予防的に阻害する
PLG粒子に封入されたOVAの、気道炎症に対する予防効果を調べるため、-7日目に、マウスにOVA-PLGを静脈内投与した。0日目、OVA/ミョウバンを10μg/マウスの用量でマウスに腹腔内投与した。7日目、OVA-PLGをマウスに再度静脈内投与し、14日目に、OVA/ミョウバンを更に10μg/マウスでip投与した。28~30日目に、エアロゾル化OVAを用いてマウスを3回処理した。
PLG粒子に封入されたOVAは、アレルギー性気道炎症及びin vivoのOVA特異的Th2応答を治療的に阻害する
PLG粒子に封入されたOVAの、気道炎症に対する治療効果を調べるため、0日目及び14日目に、マウスにOVA/ミョウバンを10μg/マウスの用量で腹腔内投与した。28日目及び42日目に、マウスにOVA-PLGを静脈内投与した。56~58日目に、エアロゾル化OVAを用いてマウスを3回処理した。
クロモグラニンA p31ペプチド-PLG粒子によって誘導される寛容は、1型糖尿病を抑制する
3週齢のマウスから脾臓、腋窩、上腕、鼠径、及び膵リンパ節細胞を単離することによって、BDC2.5マウスに1型糖尿病を誘発した。単離細胞を培養し、2×106個/mLの細胞を0.5μMのp31ペプチドと共に96時間インキュベートすることによって、in vitroで活性化した。5×106個の細胞を、0時において、NOD.SCIDマウス(6~8週齢)に静脈内投与によって移植した。2時間~3日間後、SP又はPLGに結合したp31又はMOG35~55ペプチドを静脈内投与することによって、マウスを寛容化した。
インスリンに結合したPLG粒子により誘導される寛容は、NODマウスにおける自発的1型糖尿病の発症を抑制する
NODマウスを、6、8、10週齢の時点で静脈投与することによって、BSA(N=22)又はインスリン(N=23)を結合させたPLG粒子のいずれかで処理した。その後、血糖が>250mg/dLで定義される糖尿病の発症について、マウスをアッセイした。図25に示されるように、インスリンを結合したPLG粒子の投与により、300日間糖尿病を発症しなかったマウスの割合が優位に増加した(22.7%に対し69.6%、p=0.0027)。
生着速度
-7日目に、OVA-PLG又は対照ペプチドであるDby-PLG(雄性C57BL/6マウスによって発現された主要HY抗原)のいずれかで、雌性CD45.2マウスを寛容化した。-1日目に、マウスを200ラドで照射し、その後、0日目に、雄性CD45.1マウスから1×106個、5×106個、又は1×107個の骨髄細胞を移植した。続いて、1日目に、レシピエントマウスをOVA-PLG、Dby-SP、又はDby-PLGのいずれかで寛容化し、キメラ現象のFACS解析をするために血液を回収した。図26は、レシピエントマウスで見られるCD45.1ドナー細胞の割合を示す。
クマリン-6PLGA粒子は、投与24時間後に検出可能ではない
抗原を結合した、又は抗原を含まないクマリン-6PLGA粒子で、マウスを処理した。図29に示されるように、粒子は、投与後3時間では検出できたが、投与後24時間ではできなかった。未処理未投与のマウス(上段)を、蛍光PLGA/PEMA微粒子をiv投与されたマウスと比べて、投与後3時間(中段)及び投与後24時間(下段)において、脾臓(左列)、肝臓(中央列)及び肺(左列)の切片をDAPIで対比染色した。
ナノ粒子はin vivoでマクロファージと関連する
投与6時間及び15間後の肝臓の解析により、PLGA粒子の肝臓中のF4/80+細胞との共局在化が示される(図30)。
コア内に可溶性PLP139~151を含む表面機能化ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子を用いる、SJL/JマウスにおけるR-EAEの抑制
0日目のPLP139-151/CFAによる初回刺激に対して、-7日及び-1日目に、コア内に可溶性PLP139~151ペプチドを有する500nm~700nmの表面機能化ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子を2.5mg、SJL/Jマウスの群にIV投与した。対照マウスは0日目に初回刺激を受けたが、-7日目又は-1日目の粒子処理は受けなかった。更に20日間、R-EAEの臨床徴候についてマウスを観察した。
可溶性オボアルブミンを含有する表面機能化ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子によるアレルギー性気道炎症の抑制
アレルギー性気道炎症(AIA)をマウスに誘発した。0日目及び+14日目のオボアルブミン/ミョウバンによる初回刺激より前の、-7日目及び+7日目に、コア内に可溶性オボアルブミン又は可溶性ウシ血清アルブミン(対照)を有する500nm~700nmの表面機能化ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子を2.5mg、Balb/cマウスの群に静脈内投与した。+28~30日目、エアロゾル化オボアルブミンをマウスに惹起投与する。続いてマウスを屠殺し、気管支肺胞洗浄液を得た。オボアルブミン特異的IgEの血清レベルも測定した。
抗原を封入する表面機能化ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子の合成
本実施例は、高密度のカルボキシレート基で表面機能化されており、ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)のシェルに囲まれるコア内に可溶性抗原を含む、自己免疫疾患における寛容誘導及びアレルギーの治療のための生分解性ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子の処方及び部分的特徴について詳述する。
1.20mLのシンチレーションバイアルで、150μLの、エンドトキシンを含まない水中200mg/mLオボアルブミン又はウシ血清アルブミンを、2mLの、ジクロロメタン中20% w/vポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)に滴加した。
2.得られた混合液を氷上に置き、プローブ超音波発生装置を用いて10ワットで30秒間超音波処理した。
3.10mLの、水中1% w/vポリ(エチレン-alt-無水マレイン酸)を加えた。
4.得られた混合液を氷上に置き、プローブ超音波発生装置を用いて16ワットで30秒間超音波処理した。
5.得られたエマルションを、600mL容のビーカー中の200mLの0.5% w/vポリ(エチレン-alt-無水マレイン酸)に注ぎ、一晩撹拌して、粒子を硬化させた。
6.次に、硬化した粒子を遠心分離によって精製し、p H9.6の重炭酸緩衝液で3回洗浄した。
7.精製した粒子を、水中4% w/vスクロース及び3% w/vD-マンニトールに再懸濁し、液体窒素中で素早く凍らせ、凍結乾燥した。
コア内に可溶性PLP139~151を含む表面機能化リポソームは、多発性硬化症のマウスR-EAEモデルにおいて免疫寛容を誘導する
本発明の発明者らは、高密度の負に荷電した基で表面機能化されており、コア内に可溶性抗原を含む生分解性リポソーム送達溶媒が、多発性硬化症のR-EAEマウスモデルにおいて免疫寛容を誘導することも発見している。
1)生分解性粒子は、体内で長期間維持されず、完全に分解する時間を制御できる。
2)粒子及びリポソームを機能化し、細胞活性化をせずに内在化を促進できる。この目的へ向けて、PLG微小球内にホスファチジルセリンを充填している。
3)粒子及びリポソームを設計し、特定の細胞集団を標的化するリガンドを含めることもできる。
4)IL-10及びTGF-βなどの抗炎症性サイトカインを含み、粒子を内在化させる細胞型の活性化を制限し、制御性T細胞のアネルギー及び/又は欠失、並びに活性化を介する寛容の誘導を促進できる。
(1)T細胞及び抗体媒介性自己免疫疾患(例えば、多発性硬化症、1型糖尿病、リウマチ性関節炎、全身性狼瘡など)-特定の自己免疫疾患を誘発する関連自己抗原と複合した粒子によって、寛容が誘導される。
(2)食事性及び肺アレルギー、皮膚アレルギー、並びに喘息-アレルギー反応を惹起する、特定の食物(例えばピーナツタンパク質など)と複合した、物質(ハチ毒タンパク質など)、又は物質(例えば、ブタクサ花粉タンパク質、ペットのふけタンパク質など)を吸入した粒子によって、寛容が誘導される。
(3)移植拒絶反応-器官移植に先立ち、ドナーの器官又は細胞上の移植片抗原に対する寛容が誘導され、レシピエントによる拒絶反応を予防する。
(4)酵素補充療法-遺伝的欠損を有する患者が産生できない酵素に対する寛容が誘導され、特定の欠損の治療のために投与される組み替え的に産生された酵素に対する中和抗体応答をもたらすのを予防する。
寛容の誘導に最も効果的な粒子は、負に荷電しており、平均粒径は500nmである
寛容の誘導に重要な粒子パラメータは、組成物の寸法と電荷である。図40A及びBに示されるように、粒子の電荷は寛容誘導の効率に影響する。-25mv又は-60mvの電荷を有するOVAをコンジュゲートした粒子で処理したEAEマウスの比較によって、-60mvの電荷を有する粒子を含む組成物が、-25mVの電荷を有するものよりもより効率的に寛容を誘導することがわかった。マウスに、-60mv又は-25mvのいずれかの電荷を有するTIMP(寛容誘発性免疫修飾粒子)を投与した。OVA323~339-TIMP-60mv、OVA323~339-PLGA-25mv、PLP139~151-TIMP-60mv、又はPLP139~151-PLGA-25mvのいずれか(全ての抗原は封入化されている)でマウスを処理し、臨床疾患についてスコア化した。パネル(A)は平均臨床スコアを示し、パネル(B)はEAE動物の平均蓄積スコアを示す。
抗原を封入する表面機能化ポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子の一重乳化合成
ポリペプチド抗原を、二重乳化法(実施例21参照)を用いてポリ(ラクチド-コ-グリコリド)粒子内に含めることができるが、本発明の発明者らは、グリアジンなどのより疎水性が高いポリペプチドを含めるとき、溶媒を使用する一重乳化法によって抗原を粒子中に含める方がよいことを見いだした。
1.5ミリグラムのグリアジン及び200mgのPLGを、50μLのトリフルオロ酢酸(TFA)及び700μLのジメチルスルホキシド及び1250μLのジクロロメタン(DCM)に溶解した。
2.得られた混合液を、4mLの1% w/v PEMA水溶液に滴状に加え、100%の振幅で30秒間超音波処理した。
3.得られたエマルションを、200mLの0.5% w/v PEMA水溶液に12時間撹拌しながら注ぎ、DCMを完全に蒸発させた。
4.続いて粒子を、0.1M炭酸ナトリウム-重炭酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH 9.6)中で3回洗浄した。あるいは、ddH2Oを用いて粒子を洗浄してもよい。
5.精製した粒子を、水中4% w/vスクロース及び3% w/vD-マンニトールに再懸濁し、-80℃まで徐々に凍らせて凍結乾燥した。
Claims (15)
- 1又は複数の封入された抗原又はその抗原性エピトープを含む表面機能化された生分解性粒子を含む組成物であって、前記粒子の直径が200nm~2000nmであり、前記粒子が-100mV~-30mVの負のゼータ電位を有し、前記抗原が視神経脊髄炎と関連付けられ、前記抗原がアクアポリン4(AQP-4)又はその抗原性エピトープである、組成物。
- 前記粒子が、ポリ乳酸(PLA)粒子、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)粒子又はポリ(乳酸-コ-グリコール酸)(PLGA)粒子である、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記抗原が、配列番号4979に記載されている、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 負のゼータ電位が表面機能化によって達成される、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 前記表面機能化がカルボキシル化を含む、請求項4に記載の組成物。
- 前記粒子のゼータ電位が-30mV~-80mVである、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 前記粒子の直径が400nm~800nmである、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
- 薬学的に許容される担体又は賦形剤を更に含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- 1又は複数の封入された抗原又はその抗原性エピトープを含む表面機能化された生分解性粒子であって、前記粒子の直径が200nm~2000nmであり、前記粒子が-100mV~-30mVの負のゼータ電位を有し、前記抗原が自己免疫疾患と関連付けられ、
前記抗原が、視神経脊髄炎と関連付けられ、前記抗原がアクアポリン4(AQP-4)又はその抗原性エピトープであり、
任意に、前記粒子が、ポリ乳酸(PLA)粒子、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)粒子又はポリ(乳酸-コ-グリコール酸)(PLGA)粒子である、粒子。 - 前記抗原が、配列番号4979に記載されている、請求項9に記載の粒子。
- 前記粒子がi)-30mV~-80mVのゼータ電位を有し、及び/又はii)400nm~800nmの直径を有する、請求項9又は10に記載の粒子。
- 対象における抗原特異的寛容を誘導するための組成物であって、前記組成物が1又は複数の封入された抗原又はその抗原性エピトープを含む表面機能化された有効量の生分解性粒子を含み、前記粒子の直径が200nm~2000nmであり、前記粒子が-100mV~-30mVの負のゼータ電位を有し、前記抗原が自己免疫疾患と関連付けられ、前記自己免疫疾患が視神経脊髄炎であり、前記抗原がアクアポリン4(AQP-4)又はその抗原性エピトープであり、
任意に、前記粒子が、ポリ乳酸(PLA)粒子、ポリグリコール酸(PGA)粒子又はポリ(乳酸-コ-グリコール酸)(PLGA)粒子である、組成物。 - 前記抗原が、配列番号4979に記載されている、請求項12に記載の組成物。
- 前記粒子がi)-30mV~-80mVのゼータ電位を有し、及び/又はii)400nm~800nmの直径を有する、請求項12又は13に記載の組成物。
- 前記組成物が静脈内投与のためのものである、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の組成物。
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