CN117396757A - 追踪免疫耐受的维持的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本申请总体涉及在给予抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法(如TIMP)期间用于追踪抗原特异性免疫耐受的诱导和长期维持的方法。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2021年4月16日提交的美国临时专利申请号63/175,973的权益,在此通过引用以其整体并入本文。
技术领域
本公开总体涉及在接受耐受纳米粒子疗法之后在受试者中监测并追踪耐受诱导和耐受的长期维持的方法。
背景技术
几种炎性疾病和病状的特征在于对自身抗原(例如,自身免疫性疾病)、治疗性蛋白和过敏原(例如,食物过敏原和环境过敏原)等抗原的过度、异常和/或失调的免疫应答。先天免疫细胞(例如,单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、树突状细胞和小胶质细胞)和适应性免疫细胞(例如,T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞)的功能失调是对这些抗原过度和异常免疫应答的主要驱动因素。免疫细胞的活化和向炎症部位的迁移、细胞因子、趋化因子、抗体和其它因子的异常产生、细胞代谢的变化以及血管生成反应的改变是导致几种炎性疾病和病状病变的关键过程。用于治疗几种炎性疾病和病状的常规方法依赖于广泛的免疫抑制药物的长期使用,这些药物不能解决疾病的根本原因,只能缓解症状,并引起显著的副作用,如在某些情况下增加感染、恶性肿瘤、器官衰竭甚至死亡的风险。
抗原特异性免疫耐受(ASIT)的诱导已被假定为针对几种炎性疾病治疗的金标准。ASIT依赖于重编程免疫系统来重建对病变中所涉及的疾病特异性抗原的耐受性。
已经进行了诱导抗原特异性免疫耐受的几种尝试,并且先前已经对其进行了描述(参见国际专利公开WO2009/056332;WO2009/056833A2;WO2010/060155A1;WO2013/184976A2;WO2014159609);然而,由于缺乏对人体的疗效、安全性和复杂的制造,临床转译已被证明具有挑战性。充其量,这些疗法已经能够实现对抗原的脱敏,但不能实现真正的免疫耐受。
经常混淆的是,脱敏和真正的免疫耐受是通过不同的免疫机制实现的,并具有不同的结果。脱敏是通过长时间给予增加剂量的抗原直至耐受的最大剂量来实现的。重要的是,脱敏疗法防止意外暴露,并且需要长期给药,以致于一旦停止所述疗法,就会失去脱敏效果。相比之下,耐受诱导促进免疫重编程,从而例如通过改变细胞因子分泌或改变T细胞应答来调节对抗原或过敏原的生理免疫应答。最近,包埋疾病相关抗原的聚合物纳米粒子,称为耐受免疫修饰粒子(TIMP),已经被描述用于诱导真正的抗原特异性免疫耐受(ASIT)(参见WO/2013/1952532A2和WO/2015/023796A2)。在一项乳糜泻(CD)受试者的2期临床试验中,包埋醇溶蛋白、CD的侵袭性抗原的TIMP在诱导对醇溶蛋白的耐受方面表现出了疗效。在接受TIMP的CD受试者中通过测定治疗后摄入麸质的炎症免疫应答来确立在此项临床研究中的疗效。因此,通过防止更高水平的暴露于攻击性抗原,TIMP不仅具有脱敏作用。
现有的分析方法不太适合于评估真正的免疫耐受的诱导,而是倾向于评估脱敏的诱导(WO2012148549A;WO2019028028)。由于这些方法依赖于分析一组(如果不仅仅是一组)有限的参数(例如,单细胞类型或细胞因子/趋化因子的有限组),因此这些方法无法对免疫耐受状态提供更深入的见解,而免疫耐受状态可能有助于做出治疗决策。当前方法的缺点是,它们只能在从受试者身上收集样本进行分析的特定时间提供免疫系统的评估,而不是对免疫耐受状态的综合观点。
发明内容
影响ASIT成功的一个重要因素是免疫耐受的持续时间。一些生理因子和免疫因子决定了治疗性干预诱导的免疫耐受的持续时间,并且免疫耐受可能会随着时间的推移而开始减少。因此,重要的是,定期监测用耐受疗法进行治疗的受试者,以确认免疫耐受的维持,如果观察到免疫耐受的变化、减弱或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述耐受疗法。然而,据我们所知,没有现有的方法来在用疗法进行治疗的受试者中监测免疫耐受的维持,所述疗法能够诱导真正的免疫耐受,并有助于为重新给药决策提供信息,以确保抗原特异性免疫耐受行的维持以防止疾病复发。
在各种实施例中,本公开提供了用于监测正在接受炎性疾病或病状治疗的受试者的免疫耐受状态以及确定所述受试者是否需要重新给予所述治疗的方法。在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予治疗之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(b)在给予治疗之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(c)在给予治疗之后,每隔一定时间从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;和(d)如果在步骤(c)中所确定的免疫耐受状态指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述治疗。在各种实施例中,将来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果进行比较,以产生免疫耐受状态的标记。
在各种实施例中,从受试者收集的生物样本为全血、外周血、外周血单核细胞(PBMC)、血清、血浆、尿液、脑脊液(CSF)、粪便、组织活检和/或骨髓活检。在各种实施例中,生物样本的测定由分析细胞表面蛋白、细胞外蛋白、细胞内蛋白、核酸、代谢物和/或其组合的水平和/或存在或不存在组成。在各种实施例中,一个或多个生物样本的测定用于产生免疫耐受状态的标记。
在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之前1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月从受试者收集步骤(a)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月收集步骤(b)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后每1至7天、每1至4周和/或每1至12个月收集步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后以1至7天、每1至4周和/或每1至12个月的间隔收集步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,每周、每2周、每4周、每1个月、每2个月、每3个月、每4个月、每5个月、每6个月、每9个月或每12个月收集样本。
在各种实施例中,本公开提供了用于监测免疫耐受的方法。在各种实施例中,受试者正在接受用免疫耐受疗法进行的治疗。在各种实施例中,受试者正在接受用脱敏疗法进行的治疗。在各种实施例中,免疫耐受疗法是抗原特异性的。在各种实施例中,对受试者给予的治疗选自由以下组成的群组:口服免疫疗法(OIT)、皮下免疫疗法(SCIT)、舌下免疫疗法(SLIT)和免疫耐受纳米药品。在各种实施例中,所述治疗为免疫耐受纳米药品。在各种实施例中,免疫耐受纳米药品由耐受免疫调节粒子(TIMP)组成。
在各种实施例中,抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法为纳米药品。在各种实施例中,纳米药品由偶联到和/或包埋一个或多个抗原的粒子组成。在各种实施例中,粒子是可生物降解的。在各种实施例中,粒子由选自由以下组成的群组的金属制成:铁、氧化铁、金、锌、镉和银。在各种实施例中,粒子具有负ζ电位。在各种实施例中,粒子的ζ电位为约-100mV至约0mV。在各种实施例中,粒子的ζ电位为约-100mV至约-30mV、约-80mV至约-30mV、约-75mV至约-35mV、约-70mV至约-30mV、约-60mV至约-35mV或约-50mV至约-30mV。在各种实施例中,ζ电位为约-30mV、-35mV、-40mV、-45mV、-50mV、-55mV、-60mV、-65mV、-70mV、-75mV、-80mV、-85mV、-90mV、-95mV或-100mV。
在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约0.02μm和10μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约0.05μm和10μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约0.1μm和5μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于0.2μm和约2μm之间。在各种实施例中。粒子的直径介于0.2μm和约2μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约0.3μm和约5μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约0.5μm和约3μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约0.5μm和约1μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径介于约20nm和10000nm、50nm和10000nm、50nm和5000nm、50nm和2000nm、100nm和1500nm、约300nm和1000nm、约400nm和800nm或约200nm和700nm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径的平均直径为约20nm、50nm、100nm、200nm、300nm、400nm、500nm、600nm、700nm、800nm、900nm、1000nm、1100nm、1200nm、1300nm、1400nm、1500nm或2000nm。在各种实施例中,带负电粒子的直径介于300nm和800nm之间。
在各种实施例中,TIMP由包埋一个或多个抗原的粒子组成。在各种实施例中,抗原为自身免疫抗原、移植抗原、过敏原、酶置换疗法、蛋白治疗剂和/或基因治疗载体或病毒载体。
在各种实施例中,TIMP包埋选自由以下组成的群组的一个或多个抗原:髓鞘碱性蛋白、乙酰胆碱受体、内源性抗原、髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP)、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG)、环核苷酸磷酸水解酶、胰腺β细胞抗原、胰岛素、胰岛素原、胰岛特异性葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶催化亚基相关蛋白(IGRP)、谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)、11型胶原蛋白、人软骨gp39、fp130-RAPS、纤维蛋白、小核仁蛋白、甲状腺刺激因子受体、组蛋白、糖蛋白gp70、丙酮酸脱氢酶脱氢脂酰胺乙酰转移酶(PCD-E2)、毛囊抗原、水通道蛋白4、桥粒芯蛋白1、桥粒芯蛋白3、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体、醇溶蛋白、ADAMTS13、GPIIb/GPIIIa、CYP2D6、BP180、NC16、BP230、Ro60、MPO、促甲状腺激素受体和人原肌球蛋白亚型5、百喜草花粉(BaGP)、桃过敏原、牛奶过敏原、芹菜过敏原、坚果过敏原、树坚果过敏原、牛血清白蛋白、榛子过敏原、卵清蛋白、鸡蛋过敏原、花生过敏原、鱼类过敏原、贝类过敏原、尘螨、猫过敏原、狗过敏原、花粉过敏原、蜂毒、日本柳杉花粉、酶置换疗法、治疗性蛋白和病毒载体。
在各种实施例中,花生过敏原选自由以下组成的群组:Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h5、Ara h6、Ara h7和Ara h8。在各种实施例中,花生过敏原选自由以下组成的群组:Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h4、Ara h5、Ara h6、Ara h7、Ara h8、Ara h9、Ara h10、Arah11、Ara h12、Ara h13、Ara h14、Ara h15、Ara h16和Ara h17。
在各种实施例中,抗原为选自由以下组成的群组的酶置换疗法:阿加糖酶β、阿加糖酶α、伊米苷酶、他利西酶α、维拉苷酶α、阿糖脑苷酶、溶酶体酸性脂肪酶α、拉罗尼酶、艾度硫酸酯酶、依洛硫酸酯酶α、加硫酶、阿糖苷酶α、因子VII、因子VIII、因子IX、乙酰半乳糖胺4-硫酸酯、艾杜糖醛酸酶、阿糖脑苷酶、葡糖脑苷脂酶。
在各种实施例中,蛋白治疗剂为选自由以下组成的群组的重组蛋白:红细胞生成素、胰岛素、人生长激素、促卵泡激素、粒细胞集落刺激因子、组织纤溶酶原活化物、胰岛素样生长因子、尿酸酶、犬尿氨酸酶、L-精氨酸脱氨酶、精氨酸酶、甲硫氨酸-γ-裂解酶、天冬酰胺酶、氨基酸降解酶、谷蛋白降解酶、核苷酸降解酶、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12和IL-15。
在各种实施例中,蛋白治疗剂为抗体。在各种实施例中,抗体为单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。在各种实施例中,抗体为单特异性、双特异性、三特异性或双特异性T细胞接合物。在各种实施例中,抗体靶向受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)、EGFR、VEGF、VEGFR、PDGF、PDGFR、HER2/Neu、ER、PR、TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3、SIRP-α、PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、CD3、CD25、CD19、CD20、CD39、CD47、CD73、FAP、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-2R、IL-15、IL-15R、IL-23、IL-33、IL-2R、IL-4Rα、T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞和/或中性粒细胞。在各种实施例中,抗体选自由以下组成的群组:阿昔单抗(abciximab)、阿达木单抗(adalimumab)、阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)、阿维单抗(avelumab)、阿托珠单抗(azetolizumab)、巴利昔单抗(basiliximab)、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)、贝佐妥单抗(bezlotoxumab)、博纳吐单抗(blinatumomab)、康纳单抗(canakinumab)、赛妥珠单抗(certolizumab)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、达克利珠单抗(daclizumab)、地诺单抗(denosumab)、德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)、依法利珠单抗(efalizumab)、艾米珠单抗(emicizumab)、艾托奇单抗(etokimab)、戈利木单抗(golimumab)、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)、依奇珠单抗(ixekizumab)、英夫利昔单抗(infliximab)、那他珠单抗(natalizumab)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、奥拉单抗(olaratumab)、奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)、奥法蒂单抗(ofatimumab)、帕利珠单抗(palivizumab)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)、帕博利珠单抗(pembrolizumab)、雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)、托珠单抗(tocilizumab)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)、曲美木单抗(tremelimumab)、苏金单抗(secukinumab)、优特克单抗(ustekinumab)和维多珠单抗(vedolizumab)。
在各种实施例中,病毒载体选自由以下组成的群组:腺病毒、腺相关病毒(AAV)、单纯疱疹病毒、慢病毒、逆转录病毒、α病毒、黄病毒、弹状病毒、麻疹病毒、新城疫病毒、痘病毒、痘苗病毒、改良安卡拉病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、小核糖核酸病毒、烟草花叶病毒、豆花叶病毒或黄瓜花叶病毒。在各种实施例中,病毒为溶瘤病毒。在各种实施例中,病毒为嵌合病毒、合成病毒、镶嵌病毒或假型病毒。在各种实施例中,AAV载体为AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV12、Anc80或其组合。
在各种实施例中,TIMP是可生物降解的。在各种实施例中,TIMP由选自由以下组成的群组的聚合物制成:聚乳酸(PLA)、聚乙醇酸(PGA)、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA)、聚苯乙烯、脂质体、脂质、PEG、环葡聚糖、壳聚糖和多糖。
在各种实施例中,TIMP被表面官能化。在各种实施例中,TIMP通过羧化被表面官能化。在各种实施例中,TIMP具有负ζ电位。在各种实施例中,粒子的ζ电位为约-100mV至约0mV。在各种实施例中,粒子的ζ电位为约-100mV至约-30mV、约-80mV至约-30mV、约-75mV至约-35mV、约-70mV至约-30mV、约-60mV至约-35mV或约-50mV至约-30mV。在各种实施例中,ζ电位为约-30mV、-35mV、-40mV、-45mV、-50mV、-55mV、-60mV、-65mV、-70mV、-75mV、-80mV、-85mV、-90mV、-95mV或-100mV。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于约0.05μm和约10μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于0.1μm和约10μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于0.1μm和约5μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于0.1μm和约3μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于0.3μm和约5μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于约0.3μm和约3μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于约0.3μm和约1μm之间。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径介于约0.4μm和约1μm之间。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径为约100nm至10000nm、约100nm至5000nm、约100nm至3000nm、约100nm至2000nm、约300nm至5000nm、约300nm至3000nm、约300nm至1000nm、约300nm至800nm、约400至800nm或约200nm至700nm。在各种实施例中,TIMP的直径为约50nm、100nm、200nm、300nm、400nm、500nm、600nm、700nm、800nm、900nm、1000nm、1100nm、1200nm、1300nm、1400nm、1500nm或2000nm。在各种实施例中,带负电粒子的直径介于400nm和800nm之间。TIMP已经描述于WO/2013/1952532A2和WO/2015/023796A2中,其通过引用并入本文。
在各种实施例中,本发明提供了用于监测正在接受炎性疾病或病状治疗的受试者的免疫耐受状态以及确定所述受试者是否需要重新给予所述治疗的方法。在各种实施例中,本发明提供了用于监测用抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法进行治疗的受试者是否已经维持了免疫耐受,以及所述受试者是否需要重新给予抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法的方法。在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(b)在给予抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(c)在给予抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;和(d)如果在步骤(c)中所确定的免疫耐受状态指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,将在步骤(c)中所确定的免疫耐受状态与在步骤(a)和/或(b)中所确定的免疫耐受状态进行比较。在各种实施例中,将来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果进行比较,以产生免疫耐受状态的标记。在各种实施例中,生物样本的测定由对细胞表面蛋白、细胞外蛋白、细胞内蛋白、核酸和/或其组合的分析组成。在各种实施例中,步骤(a)至(c)中所描述一个或多个生物样本的测定用于产生免疫耐受标记。
还提供了一种用于监测正在接受炎性疾病或病状耐受治疗的受试者的耐受状态的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予治疗之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(b)在给予治疗之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;和(c)在给予治疗之后,每隔一定时间从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(d)将来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果进行比较以产生免疫耐受标记;和(e)如果免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予耐受治疗。
在各种实施例中,通过将来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果进行比较来确定免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)或(e)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,本公开提供了用于监测正在接受炎性疾病或病状治疗的受试者的免疫耐受状态以及确定所述受试者是否需要重新给予所述治疗的方法。在各种实施例中,本公开提供了用于监测用抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法进行治疗的受试者是否已经维持了免疫耐受,以及所述受试者是否需要重新给予抗原特异性抗体耐受疗法的方法。在各种实施例中,抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法包括对受试者给予有效量的TIMP。在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予TIMP之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(b)在给予TIMP之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;(c)在给予TIMP之后,每隔一定时间从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的免疫耐受状态;和(d)如果在步骤(c)中所确定的免疫耐受状态指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述TIMP。在各种实施例中,将来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果进行比较,以产生免疫耐受状态的标记。在各种实施例中,生物样本的测定选自由以下组成的群组:分析细胞表面蛋白、细胞外蛋白、细胞内蛋白、核酸及其组合。在各种实施例中,步骤(a)至(c)中所描述的生物样本的测定用于产生免疫耐受标记。
在各种实施例中,在给予TIMP之前1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月从受试者收集步骤(a)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予TIMP之后1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月收集步骤(b)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予TIMP之后每1至7天、每1至4周和/或每1至12个月收集步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后以1至7天、每1至4周和/或每1至12个月的间隔收集步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本。
在各种实施例中,通过将来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果进行比较来确定免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予TIMP。
在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)中一个或多个生物样本的测定的结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予TIMP。在各种实施例中,TIMP以介于约0.1mg/kg和12mg/kg之间的剂量水平给予。在各种实施例中,TIMP以0.1mg/kg、0.25mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、0.75mg/kg、1.0mg/kg、1.25mg/kg、1.5mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、2.5mg/kg、3mg/kg、3.5mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、4.5mg/kg、5mg/kg、5.5mg/kg、6mg/kg、6.5mg/kg、7mg/kg、7.5mg/kg、8.0mg/kg、8.5mg/kg、9mg/kg、9.5mg/kg、10mg/kg、10.5mg/kg、11mg/kg、11.5mg/kg或12mg/kg的剂量水平给予。在各种实施例中,TIMP以约50mg、75mg、100mg、125mg、150mg、175mg、200mg、225mg、250mg、275mg、300mg、325mg、350mg、375mg、400mg、425mg、450mg、500mg、525mg、550mg、575mg、600mg、625mg、650mg、675mg、700mg、725mg、750mg、775mg或800mg的剂量水平给予。在各种实施例中,TIMP以0.05mg/mL、0.1mg/mL、0.5mg/mL、1mg/mL、2mg/mL、3mg/mL、4mg/mL、5mg/mL、6mg/mL、7mg/mL、8mg/mL、9mg/mL、10mg/mL、11mg/mL、12.5mg/mL、15mg/mL、17.5mg/mL、20mg/mL、25mg/mL、30mg/mL、40mg/mL或50mg/mL的浓度给予。
在各种实施例中,TIMP通过静脉内、皮下、肌肉内、腹膜内、鼻内、吸入或口服给予。在各种实施例中,TIMP以单剂量或多剂量给予。在各种实施例中,TIMP间隔一周分两剂给予。在各种实施例中,TIMP每周给予一次、每两周给予一次、每三周给予一次、每4周给予一次、每两个月给予一次、每三个月给予一个、每6个月给予一次或每年给予一次。
在各种实施例中,TIMP单独给予或与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合给予。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为IgE抑制剂、嗜碱性粒细胞活化抑制剂、肥大细胞活化抑制剂、抗组胺剂或小分子或生物治疗剂。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂抑制IgE。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂抑制嗜碱性粒细胞活化。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂抑制肥大细胞活化。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为生物剂或小分子。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为抗IgE抗体、抗IL-4Rα抗体、抗IL13抗体、抗IL-33抗体、抗组胺剂、类固醇、皮质类固醇、白三烯调节剂或非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为抗组胺剂。在各种实施例中,抗组胺剂为第一代抗组胺剂。在各种实施例中,抗组胺剂为第二代抗组胺剂。在各种实施例中,抗组胺剂选自由以下组成的群组:溴苯那敏(brompheniramine)、马来酸罗托沙敏(carbinoxaminemaleate)、氯苯那敏(chlorpheniramine)、克立马丁(clemastine)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、羟嗪(hydroxyzine)、曲普利定(triprolidine)、氮卓斯汀(azelastine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、左西替利嗪(levocetrizine)、多西拉敏(doxylamine)、依巴斯汀(ebastine)、恩布拉敏(embramine)、肾上腺素(epinephrine)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、氯雷他定(loratadine)和奥洛他定(olopatadine)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为类固醇。在各种实施例中,类固醇选自由以下组成的群组:倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、环索奈德(ciclesonide)、糠酸氟替卡松(fluticasone furoatr)、莫米松(mometasone)、布地奈德(budenoside)、氟替卡松(fluticasone)、去炎松(triamcinolone)和氯替泼诺(loteprednol)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为皮质类固醇。在各种实施例中,皮质类固醇选自由以下组成的群组:可的松(cortisone)、强的松(prednisone)、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)、甲基强的松龙(methylprednisolone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)和氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)。在各种实施例中,NSAID为非选择性NSAID。在各种实施例中,NSAID为COX-2选择性NSAID。在各种实施例中,NSAID为COX-1选择性NSAID。在各种实施例中,NSAID为前列腺素合成酶抑制剂。在各种实施例中,NSAID选自由以下组成的群组:双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、双氯芬酸钾(diclofenacpotassium)、双氯芬酸钠(diclofenac sodium)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、依托度酸(etodolac)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、非诺洛芬(fenoprofen)、非诺洛芬钙(fenoprofencalcium)、酮咯酸(ketorolac)、酮咯酸氨丁三醇(ketorolac tromethamine)、酮基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、托美汀(tolmetin)、托美汀钠(tolmetin sodium)、阿司匹林(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、萘普生(naproxen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、吲哚美辛钠(indomethacin sodium)、舒林酸(sulindac)、联苯乙酸(felbinac)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、甲氯芬那酸钠(meclofenamate sodium)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、奥沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、噻利考西(celecoxib)、依托度酸(etodolac)、依托考昔(etoricoxib)、罗美考昔(lumiracoxib)、罗非考昔(rofecoxib)和伐地考昔(valdecoxib)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为白三烯调节剂。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂为抗白三烯。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂为白三烯受体拮抗剂。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂为白三烯合成抑制剂。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂选自由以下组成的群组:孟鲁司特(montelukast)、齐留通(zileuton)和扎鲁司特(zafirlukast)。
在各种实施例中,通过测定来自生物样本的一个或多个细胞来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的细胞为免疫细胞、非免疫细胞和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的细胞为免疫细胞。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的免疫细胞为先天免疫细胞、适应性免疫细胞和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的免疫细胞为先天免疫细胞。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的免疫细胞为适应性免疫细胞。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的先天免疫细胞为抗原呈递细胞(APC)。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的先天免疫细胞为单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、粒细胞、树突状细胞、肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的适应性免疫细胞为效应免疫细胞。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的适应性免疫细胞为T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞、NK-T细胞和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,T细胞为效应T细胞、Th1细胞、Th2a细胞、调节性T细胞(Treg)或1型调节性T淋巴细胞(Tr1)。
在各种实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的细胞为上皮细胞、基质细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、周细胞、脂肪细胞、间充质干细胞、造血干细胞、造血祖细胞、肝窦内皮细胞(LSEC)和/或库普弗细胞。在各种实施例中,来自生物样本的一个或多个细胞的测定用于产生免疫耐受状态的标记。
在各种实施例中,通过分析来自生物样本的一种或多种细胞表面蛋白来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,细胞表面蛋白选自由以下组成的群组:CD1c、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD9、CD10、CD11b、CD11c、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD24、TACI、CD25、CD27、CD28、CD30、CD30L、CD31、CD32、CD32b、CD34、CD33、CD38、CD39、CD40、CD40-L、CD41b、CD42a、CD42b、CD43、CD44、CD45、CD45RA、CD47、CD45RA、CD45RO、CD48、CD52、CD55、CD56、CD58、CD61、CD66b、CD69、CD70、CD72、CD79、CD68、CD84、CD86、CD93、CD94、CD95、CRACC、BLAME、BCMA、CD103、CD107、CD112、CD120a、CD120b、CD123、CD125、CD127、CD134、CD135、CD140a、CD141、CD154、CD155、CD160、CD161、CD163、CD172a、XCR1、CD203c、CD204、CD206、CD207、CD226、CD244、CD267、CD268、CD269、CD355、CD358、CRTH2、NKG2A、NKG2B、NKG2C、NKG2D、NKG2E、NKG2F、NKG2H、KIR2DL1、KIR2DL2、KIR2DL3、KIR2DL5A、KIR2DL5B、KIR3DL1、KIR3DL2、KIR3DL3、KIR3DL4、KIR2DS1、KIR2DS2、KIR2DS3、KIR2DS4、KIR2DS5、DAP12、KIR3DS、NKp44、NKp46、TCR、BCR、整联蛋白、FcβεRI、MHC-I、MHC-II、IL-1R、IL-2Rα、IL-2Rβ、IL-2Rγ、IL-3Rα、CSF2RB、IL-4R、IL-5Rα、CSF2RB、IL-6Rα、gp130、IL-7Rα、IL-9R、IL-10R、IL-12Rβ1、IL-12Rβ2、IL-13Rα1、IL-13Rα2、IL-15Rα、IL-21R、IL-23R、IL-27Rα、IL-31Rα、OSMR、CSF-1R、细胞表面IL-15、IL-10Rα、IL-10Rβ、IL-20Rα、IL-20Rβ、IL-22Rα1、IL-22Rα2、IL-22Rβ、IL-28RA、PD-1、PD-1H、BTLA、CTLA-4、PD-L1、PD-L2、2B4、B7-1、B7-2、B7-H1、B7-H4、B7-DC、DR3、LIGHT、LAIR、LTα1β2、LTβR、TIM-1、TIM-3、TIM-4、TIGIT、LAG-3、ICOS、ICOS-L、SLAM、SLAMF2、OX-40、OX-40L、GITR、GITRL、TL1A、HVEM、41-BB、41BB-L、TL-1A、TRAF1、TRAF2、TRAF3、TRAF5、BAFF、BAFF-R、APRIL、TRAIL、RANK、AITR、TRAMP、CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR6、CCR7、CCR8、CCR9、CCR10、CCR11、CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR5、CXCR6、CXCR7、CLECL9a、DC-SIGN、IGSF4A、SIGLEC、EGFR、PDGFR、VEGFR、FAP、α-SMA、FAS、FAS-L、FC、ICAM-1、ICAM-2、ICAM-3、ICAM-4、ICAM-5、PECAM-1、MICA、MICB、UL16、ULBP1、ULBP2、ILBP3、ULBP4、ULBP5、ULBP6、MULT1、RAE1α、β、γ、δ和ε、H60a、H60b、H60c、GPR15、ST2和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,整联蛋白选自由以下组成的群组:α1、α2、αIIb、α3、α4、α5、α6、α7、α8、α9、α10、α11、αD、αE、αL、αM、αV、αX、β1、β2、β3、β4、β5、β6、β7、β8和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,TCR选自由以下组成的群组:α、β、γ、δ、ε、ζ和/或其组合。已经在文献中描述了几种用于测定细胞表面蛋白表达的方法,包括流式细胞术和质谱细胞术(CyTOF)。
在各种实施例中,通过分析来自生物样本的核酸来确定受试者的耐受状态。在各种实施例中,核酸为DNA和/或RNA。在各种实施例中,核酸为mRNA、rRNA、tRNA、siRNA、miRNA、lncRNA和ncRNA和线粒体DNA。在各种实施例中,通过测定来自生物样本的基因表达来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫功能、抗体、异物(例如,细菌、病毒、感染或天然或合成植入物)反应、代谢、细胞凋亡、细胞死亡、坏死、铁死亡、自噬、细胞迁移、胞吞作用、吞噬作用、胞饮作用、紧密连接调节、细胞粘附、分化和/或其组合相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫抑制相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫活化相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫调节功能相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,核酸分析用于产生免疫耐受标记。已经在文献中描述了几种用于高通量基因表达分析的方法,包括RNA测序(RNA-seq)、单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)、外显子组测序和基于微阵列的分析。
在各种实施例中,通过分析生物样本中的蛋白来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,蛋白与免疫应答、异物反应、代谢、细胞凋亡、细胞死亡、坏死、铁死亡、自噬、细胞迁移、胞吞作用、吞噬作用、DNA损伤、胞饮作用、紧密连接调节、细胞粘附、分化、细胞类型的存在和/或不存在和/或其组合相关联。在各种实施例中,蛋白为细胞因子和/或趋化因子。在各种实施例中,蛋白为细胞信号转导蛋白。在各种实施例中,细胞因子和趋化因子选自由以下组成的群组:IL-1α、IL-1β、IL-2、IL-3、IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-7、IL-8、IL-9、IL-10、IL-11、IL-12、IL-12p70、IL-13、IL-14、IL-15、IL-16、IL-17、IL-17、IL-18、IL-20、IL-21、IL-22、IL-23、IL-24、IL-25、IL-26、IL-27、IL-27b、IL-28、IL-29、IL-30、IL-31、IL-32、IL-33、IL-35、IL-36、CCL1、CCL2、CCL3、CCL4、CCL5、CCL6、CCL7、CCL8、CCL9、CCL10、CCL11、CCL12、CCL14、CCL15、CCL16、CCL17、CCL18、CCL19、CCL20、CCL21、CCL22、CCL23、CCL24、CCL25、CCL26、CCL27、CCL28、CXCL1、CXCL2(MCP-1)、CXCL3(MIP-1α、CXCL4(MIP-1β、CXCL5(RANTES)、CXCL6、CXCL7、CXCL8、CXCL9、CXCL10、CXCL11、CXCL12、CXCL13、CXCL14、CXCL15、CXCL16、CXCL17、GM-CSF、IFN-α、IFN-β、IFN-γ、TNF-α、TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,蛋白为蛋白酶。在各种实施例中,蛋白酶为天冬氨酸蛋白酶、半胱氨酸蛋白酶、金属蛋白酶、丝氨酸蛋白酶和/或苏氨酸蛋白酶。在各种实施例中,蛋白酶选自由以下组成的群组:ADAM1、ADAM2、ADAM7、ADAM8、ADAM9、ADAM10、ADAM11、ADAM12、ADAM15、ADAM17、ADAM18、ADAM19、ADAAM20、ADAM21、ADAM22、ADAM23、ADAM28、ADAM29、ADAM30、ADAM33、MMP1、MMP2、MMP3、MMP7、MMP8、MMP9、MMP10、MMP11、MMP12、MMP13、MMP14、MMP15、MMP16、MMP17、MMP18、MMP19、MMP20、MMP21、MMP23A、MMP23B、MMP24、MMP25、MMP26、MMP27和MMP28。在各种实施例中,与细胞凋亡相关联的蛋白选自由以下组成的群组:P53、半胱天冬酶1、半胱天冬酶2、半胱天冬酶3、半胱天冬酶4、半胱天冬酶5、半胱天冬酶6、半胱天冬酶7、半胱天冬酶8、半胱天冬酶9、半胱天冬酶10、半胱天冬酶11、半胱天冬酶12、半胱天冬酶13、半胱天冬酶14、BCL-2、BCL-XL、MCL-1、CED-9、A1、BFL1、BAX、BAK、DIVA、BCL-XS、BIK、BIM、BAD、BID和EGL-1。已经在文献中描述了几种从生物样本中测定蛋白的方法,包括酶联免疫吸附测定法(ELISA)、蛋白印迹法和质谱法。在各种实施例中,蛋白为一种或多种免疫球蛋白(Ig)。在各种实施例中,Ig选自由以下组成的群组:IgA、IgD、IgE、IgM和/或其变体。在各种实施例中,免疫球蛋白是抗原特异性的。已经在文献中描述了几种从生物样本中检测免疫球蛋白的方法,包括ELISA和ImmunoCap。
在各种实施例中,免疫耐受标记指示免疫活化、效应免疫应答、效应记忆应答、细胞毒性应答、免疫下调、免疫抑制、调节性免疫应答、抑制性应答、TH1应答、TH2应答、抗体应答和/或其组合。
在各种实施例中,通过测定在基线时的一个或多个生物样本来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,根据在给予免疫耐受疗法之前或之后收集的一个或多个生物样本的测定来对基线进行定义。在各种实施例中,根据在给予免疫耐受疗法之前或之后1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月收集的一个或多个生物样本的测定来对基线进行定义。在各种实施例中,通过响应于一种或多种刺激对一个或多个生物样本进行测定来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,刺激是体内提供的。在各种实施例中,体内刺激为一种或多种抗原。在各种实施例中,抗原刺激包括摄入一种或多种抗原、皮内注射一种或多种抗原或鼻内给予一种或多种抗原。在各种实施例中,抗原与正在被治疗的疾病或病状相关联。在各种实施例中,抗原与正在被治疗的疾病或病状无关联。在各种实施例中,一种或多种刺激是离体的。在各种实施例中,通过将来自受试者的一个或多个生物样本与一种或多种抗原进行温育或与一种或多种活化剂进行温育来提供离体刺激。在各种实施例中,由抗体、化学物质、细菌和/或病毒组分组成的免疫活化剂提供一种或多种离体刺激。在各种实施例中,免疫活化剂包含Toll样受体(TLR)激动剂。在各种实施例中,免疫活化剂包含STING激动剂。在各种实施例中,免疫活化剂为化学药剂(例如,离子霉素(ionomycin)、佛波酯(PMA)或钙通道活化剂)。在各种实施例中,免疫活化剂为T细胞活化剂。在各种实施例中,免疫活化剂选自由以下组成的群组:抗CD3、抗CD28、CD40L、离子霉素、佛波酯(PMA)或脂多糖(LPS)。
在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的细胞表面蛋白表达;(b)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的细胞表面蛋白表达;(c)在给予耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的细胞表面蛋白表达;和(d)如果步骤(c)中所确定的细胞表面蛋白表达指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,将来自步骤(c)的细胞表面蛋白表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果进行比较。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的细胞表面蛋白表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受的约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的细胞表面蛋白表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞表面蛋白表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞表面蛋白表达的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞表面蛋白表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞表面蛋白表达的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的趋化因子和/或细胞因子水平;(b)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的趋化因子和/或细胞因子水平;(c)在给予耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者收集一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本的趋化因子和/或细胞因子水平;和(d)如果步骤(c)中所确定的趋化细胞因子和/或者细胞因子水平指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞因子/趋化因子水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞因子/趋化因子水平的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞因子/趋化因子水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞因子/趋化因子水平的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞因子/趋化因子水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞因子/趋化因子水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞因子/趋化因子水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞因子/趋化因子水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的基因表达模式;(b)在给予耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的基因表达模式;(c)在给予耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者收集一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中的基因表达模式;和(d)如果步骤(c)中所确定的基因表达模式指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的基因表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的基因表达的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的基因表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的基因表达的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的基因表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的基因表达的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的基因表达与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的基因表达的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍,(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中细胞内蛋白的水平;(b)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中细胞内蛋白的水平;(c)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者收集一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中细胞内蛋白的水平;和(d)如果步骤(c)中所确定的细胞内蛋白的水平指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞内蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞内蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞内蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞内蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞内蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞内蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞内蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞内蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍,(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中细胞外蛋白的水平;(b)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中细胞外蛋白的水平;(c)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者收集一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中细胞外蛋白的水平;和(d)如果步骤(c)中所确定的细胞外蛋白的水平指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞外蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞外蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞外蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞外蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞外蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞外蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞外蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的细胞外蛋白的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍,(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,所述方法包括以下步骤:(a)在给予免疫耐受疗法之前,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中代谢物的水平;(b)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,从受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中代谢物的水平;(c)在给予免疫耐受疗法之后,每隔一定时间从受试者收集一个或多个生物样本以及测定所收集的生物样本中代谢物的水平;和(d)如果步骤(c)中所确定的代谢物的水平指示免疫耐受的变化、减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的细胞外蛋白的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的代谢物的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的代谢物的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的代谢物的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的代谢物的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的代谢物的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>5%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(d)中对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。在各种实施例中,如果来自步骤(c)的一个或多个生物样本的测定的代谢物的水平与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)的代谢物的水平的比较指示免疫耐受约>2倍,(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围)的减弱和/或丧失,则对受试者重新给予所述免疫耐受疗法。
在各种实施例中,使用从受试者获得并在体内和/或离体刺激的一个或多个生物样本中测定的以下参数中的一个或多个参数来产生受试者的免疫耐受标记:
a.效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例;
b.Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例;
c.效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例;
d.特异性IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比;
e.炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
g.炎性代谢物的水平;和
h.抗炎代谢物的水平。
在各种实施例中,在用选自由抗原、过敏原和一种或多种活化剂组成的群组的一种或多种刺激进行体内和/或离体刺激后,任选地对生物样本进行测定。在各种实施例中,T细胞、B细胞和免疫球蛋白是抗原特异性的。在各种实施例中,T细胞为效应记忆T细胞、抗原特异性T细胞、经活化的抗原特异性T细胞、Th1细胞、致病性Th2a+细胞、Th17细胞、T滤泡辅助(TFH)细胞或Th0细胞。在各种实施例中,B细胞为效应B细胞、记忆B细胞、血浆B细胞和调节性(Breg)细胞。在各种实施例中,基于表A中所描述的蛋白的表达来鉴定T细胞(参见具体实施方式)。
在各种实施例中,如果:
a.效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例介于5%和100%之间(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
b.Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例介于1%和3%之间;和/或
c.效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例介于5%和100%之间(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
d.IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
e.炎性细胞因子/趋化因子的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
g.炎性代谢物的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
h.抗炎代谢物的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围),则使用本文所描述的一个或多个参数所产生的受试者的免疫耐受标记指示用TIMP进行治疗之前或之后免疫耐受的减弱和/或不存在。
在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的任何1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或不存在。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的至少2/8个参数指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或不存在。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数被确定为指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或不存在,则对受试者给予TIMP。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的至少2/8个参数被确定为指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或不存在,则对受试者给予TIMP。
在各种实施例中,如果:
a.效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例为<5%;
b.Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例至少为3%或>3%;
c.效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例为<5%;
d.IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比相对于用TIMP进行治疗之前收集的一个或多个生物样本中所确定的基线降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);
e.炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平相对于用TIMP进行治疗之前收集的一个或多个生物样本中所确定的基线降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平相对于用TIMP进行治疗之前收集的一个或多个生物样本中确定的基线增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);
g.炎性代谢物的水平相对于用TIMP进行治疗之前收集的一个或多个生物样本中确定的基线降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
h.抗炎代谢物的水平相对于用TIMP进行治疗之前收集的一个或多个生物样本中确定的基线增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围),则使用上述(a)至(h)所中所描述的一个或多个参数所产生的受试者的免疫耐受标记指示用TIMP进行治疗之后免疫耐受的维持。
在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的维持。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的至少2/8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的维持。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则确定受试者不需要用TIMP进行治疗。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的至少3/8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则确定受试者不需要用TIMP进行治疗。
在各种实施例中,受试者在给予治疗之后维持免疫耐受1至3个月。在各种实施例中,受试者维持免疫耐受1至12周。在各种实施例中,受试者维持耐受1、2或3个月。在各种实施例中,免疫耐受的维持<3个月指示短期耐受需要重新给予治疗。在各种实施例中,受试者在给予治疗之后维持3至6个月的免疫耐受。在各种实施例中,受试者维持免疫耐受12至24周。在各种实施例中,受试者维持免疫耐受6至12个月。在各种实施例中,受试者维持免疫耐受13至52周。在各种实施例中,受试者维持耐受>12个月。在各种实施例中,免疫耐受的维持>12个月指示长期耐受。
在各种实施例中,受试者患有疾病或病状或正在接受疾病或病状的治疗。在各种实施例中,受试者患有或正在接受自身免疫性病状、过敏、炎性疾病、异常免疫应答、高炎性病状、神经退行性病状、溶酶体储积疾病、酶缺乏症、蛋白缺乏症、遗传性病症的治疗,且/或是移植受体。
在各种实施例中,自身免疫性病状选自由以下组成的群组:特应性皮炎、多发性硬化症、自身免疫性脊髓炎、脊髓炎、横贯性脊髓炎、视神经脊髓炎(NMO)、视神经髓鞘谱系障碍(NMSOD)、1型糖尿病(T1D)、2型糖尿病(T2D)、乳糜泻(CD)、格雷夫病、重症肌无力、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、艾迪森病、脱发、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、自身免疫性心肌炎、自身免疫性嗜中性白血球减少症、自身免疫性皮肤病、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、大疱性类天疱疮、白塞氏综合征、脑变性、慢性神经病变、瘢痕性类天疱疮、寻常性天疱疮、克罗恩氏病、炎性肠病(IBD)、结肠炎、炎性肠综合征(IBS)、寒冷病、疱疹样皮炎、伊顿-兰伯特病、脑脊髓炎、获得性大疱性表皮松解症、结节性红斑、肾小球肾炎、古德帕斯彻病、肉芽肿病、格林-巴利综合征、桥本氏病、川崎病、溶血性贫血、过敏性血管炎、红斑狼疮、混合性结蒂组织病、混合原发性冷球蛋白血症、多灶性运动神经病、眼阵挛-肌阵挛、类肿瘤性天疱疮、妊娠性类天疱疮、落叶型天疱疮、恶性贫血、外周胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、多血管炎重叠综合征、结节性多动脉炎、多腺性衰竭、多腺性综合征、多发性肌炎/皮肌炎、银屑病、湿疹、视网膜病变、雷诺综合征、结节病、1型硬皮病、硬化性胆管炎、干燥综合征、僵人综合征、高安氏动脉炎、颞动脉炎、甲状腺炎、溃疡性结肠炎、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜(ITP)、血栓性血小板减少症紫癜(TTP)、自身免疫性肝炎(AIH)、原发性胆汁性胆管炎(PBC)、ANCA疾病、肉芽肿性多血管炎和显微镜下多血管炎。
在各种实施例中,受试者患有食物过敏和/或环境过敏。在各种实施例中,食物过敏选自由以下组成的群组:花生过敏、树坚果过敏、坚果过敏、鱼类过敏、牛奶过敏、贝类过敏、芹菜过敏、桃过敏、肉过敏、大豆过敏和小麦过敏。在各种实施例中,环境过敏选自由以下组成的群组:尘螨过敏、花粉过敏、霉菌过敏、皮屑过敏、日本柳杉花粉过敏、尘螨过敏、猫过敏、狗过敏和蜂毒过敏。
在各种实施例中,受试者正在接受自身免疫性病状、过敏、炎性疾病、异常免疫应答、溶酶体储积疾病、酶缺乏症、蛋白缺乏症、遗传性病症的治疗,且/或是移植受体。在各种实施例中,受试者正在接受用抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法进行的治疗。在各种实施例中,抗原特异性免疫耐受疗法诱导对自身免疫抗原、移植抗原、过敏原、酶置换疗法、蛋白治疗剂和/或基因治疗载体的免疫耐受。
在各种实施例中,自身免疫抗原选自由以下组成的群组:髓鞘碱性蛋白、乙酰胆碱受体、内源性抗原、髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP)、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG)、环核苷酸磷酸水解酶、胰腺β细胞抗原、胰岛素、胰岛素原、胰岛特异性葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶催化亚基相关蛋白(IGRP)、谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)、11型胶原蛋白、人软骨gp39、fp130-RAPS、纤维蛋白、小核仁蛋白、甲状腺刺激因子受体、组蛋白、糖蛋白gp70、丙酮酸脱氢酶脱氢脂酰胺乙酰转移酶(PCD-E2)、毛囊抗原、水通道蛋白4、桥粒芯蛋白1、桥粒芯蛋白3、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体、醇溶蛋白、ADAMTS13、GPIIb/GPIIIa、CYP2D6、BP180、NC16、BP230、Ro60、MPO、促甲状腺激素受体和人原肌球蛋白亚型5。
在各种实施例中,过敏原选自由以下组成的群组:百喜草花粉(BaGP)、桃过敏原、牛奶过敏原、芹菜过敏原、坚果过敏原、牛血清白蛋白、榛子过敏原、卵清蛋白、鸡蛋过敏原、花生过敏原、鱼类过敏原、贝类过敏原、花粉过敏原、树坚果过敏源、猫过敏原、狗过敏原、尘螨过敏原和日本柳杉花粉。在各种实施例中,花生过敏原选自由以下组成的群组:Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h5、Ara h6、Ara h7和Ara h8。在各种实施例中,花生过敏原选自由以下组成的群组:Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h5、Ara h6、Ara h7、Ara h8、Ara h9、Ara h10、Ara h11、Ara h12、Ara h13、Ara h14、Ara h15、Ara h16、Ara h17和Ara h18。
在各种实施例中,酶置换疗法选自由以下组成的群组:阿加糖酶β、阿加糖酶α、伊米苷酶、他利西酶α、维拉苷酶α、阿糖脑苷酶、溶酶体酸性脂肪酶α、拉罗尼酶、艾度硫酸酯酶、依洛硫酸酯酶α、加硫酶、阿糖苷酶α、因子VII、因子VIII、因子IX、乙酰半乳糖胺4-硫酸酯、艾杜糖醛酸酶、阿糖脑苷酶、葡糖脑苷脂酶或其版本。
在各种实施例中,蛋白治疗剂为重组蛋白。在各种实施例中,蛋白治疗剂选自由以下组成的群组:红细胞生成素、胰岛素、人生长激素、促卵泡激素、粒细胞集落刺激因子、组织纤溶酶原活化物、胰岛素样生长因子、尿酸酶、犬尿氨酸酶、L-精氨酸脱氨酶、精氨酸酶、甲硫氨酸-γ-裂解酶、天冬酰胺酶、氨基酸降解酶、谷蛋白降解酶、核苷酸降解酶、IFN-β、IL-2、IL-12和IL-15。
在各种实施例中,蛋白治疗剂为抗体。在各种实施例中,抗体为单克隆抗体或多克隆抗体。在各种实施例中,抗体为单特异性、双特异性、三特异性或双特异性T细胞接合物。在各种实施例中,抗体靶向受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)、EGFR、VEGF、VEGFR、PDGF、PDGFR、HER2/Neu、ER、PR、TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3、SIRP-α、PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、CD3、CD25、CD19、CD20、CD39、CD47、CD73、FAP、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-2R、IL-15R、IL-23、IL-33、IL-2R、IL-4Rα、T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞和/或中性粒细胞。在各种实施例中,抗体选自由以下组成的群组:阿昔单抗、阿达木单抗、阿仑单抗、阿维单抗、阿托珠单抗、巴利昔单抗、贝伐单抗、贝佐妥单抗、博纳吐单抗、康纳单抗、赛妥珠单抗、西妥昔单抗、达克利珠单抗、地诺单抗、德瓦鲁单抗、依法利珠单抗、艾米珠单抗、艾托奇单抗、戈利木单抗、伊匹单抗、依奇珠单抗、英夫利昔单抗、那他珠单抗、纳武单抗、奥拉单抗、奥马珠单抗、奥法蒂单抗、帕利珠单抗、帕尼单抗、帕博利珠单抗、雷莫芦单抗、利妥昔单抗、托珠单抗、曲妥珠单抗、曲美木单抗、苏金单抗、优特克单抗和维多珠单抗。
在各种实施例中,基因疗法载体为病毒载体或细菌载体。在各种实施例中,病毒载体选自由以下组成的群组:腺病毒、腺相关病毒(AAV)、单纯疱疹病毒、慢病毒、逆转录病毒、α病毒、黄病毒、弹状病毒、麻疹病毒、新城疫病毒、痘病毒、痘苗病毒、改良安卡拉病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、小核糖核酸病毒、烟草花叶病毒、豆花叶病毒或黄瓜花叶病毒。在各种实施例中,病毒为溶瘤病毒。在各种实施例中,病毒为嵌合病毒、合成病毒、镶嵌病毒或假型病毒。在各种实施例中,AAV载体为AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV12、Anc80或其组合。
附图说明
图1用于确定受试者在用TIMP进行治疗之后是否维持免疫耐受以及是否需要重新给予TIMP以维持免疫耐受的程序的样本时间表。
图2用于从一个或多个血液样本中确定正在用TIMP进行治疗的受试者的免疫耐受状态的样本工作流程。
具体实施方式
本公开提供了用于在接受免疫疗法之后在受试者中监测免疫耐受的诱导和维持的方法。本申请首次公开了在给予疗法之前、期间和之后对受试者的免疫应答的多个参数进行测定和读出的系统,并提供了一种用于确定受试者是否维持抗原特异性耐受或耐受是否已经减退并且是否需要另外的耐受疗法的方法。
定义
除非另有说明,否则本申请(包含说明书和权利要求书)中使用的以下术语具有下文中给出的定义。
如说明书和所附权利要求书中所使用的,除非上下文另有明确规定,否则不定冠词“一个/一种(a/an)”和定冠词“所述(the)”包含复数以及单数指示物。
术语“约”或“大约”意指如本领域的普通技术人员确定的特定值的可接受误差,这将部分取决于如何测量或确定值。在某些实施例中,术语“约”或“大约”意指在1个、2个、3个或4个标准偏差内。在某些实施例中,术语“约”或“大约”是指在给定值或范围的30%、25%、20%、15%、10%、9%、8%、7%、6%、5%、4%、3%、2%、1%、0.5%或0.05%内。每当术语“约”在一系列两个或更多个数值中的第一数值之前时,应理解,术语“约”适用于所述系列中的每个数值。
如本文所用的“粒子”是指任何非组织来源的物质组合物,它可以是球体或类似球体的实体、珠粒或脂质体。术语“粒子”、术语“免疫修饰粒子”、术语“载剂粒子”和术语“珠粒”可以根据上下文互换使用。另外地,术语“粒子”用于涵盖珠粒和球体。
如本文所用的“带负电粒子”是指经过修饰后净表面电荷小于零的的粒子。
“羧化粒子”或“羧化珠粒”或“羧化球体”包括任何经过修饰以在其表面含有羧基的粒子。在一些实施例中,羧基的添加例如通过与清除剂受体如MARCO的相互作用增强了吞噬细胞/单核细胞从循环中摄取粒子。粒子的羧化可以使用任何添加羧基的化合物来实现。
如本文所用,术语“Th细胞”或“辅助T细胞”是指CD4+细胞。CD4+T细胞协助其它白细胞进行免疫过程,包括B细胞成熟为浆细胞和记忆B细胞,以及细胞毒性T细胞和巨噬细胞的活化。当辅助T细胞由MHC类II分子呈递抗原肽时,所述辅助T细胞被活化,在抗原呈递细胞(APC)的表面上表达抗原肽。
如本文所用,术语“Th1细胞”是指产生促炎介质的Th细胞亚群。Th1细胞分泌细胞因子以促进免疫应答,并通过在一定程度上介导中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞募集到感染组织在宿主防御病原体中发挥作用。Th1细胞分泌细胞因子,包括IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-10和TNF-α/β,以协调防御细胞内病原体,如病毒和一些细菌。
如本文所用,术语“Th2细胞”是指介导抗体介导的对细胞外寄生虫、细菌、过敏原和毒素的免疫应答的激活和维持的Th细胞亚群。Th2细胞通过产生各种细胞因子(如IL-4、IL-5、IL-6、IL-9、IL-13和IL-17E(IL-25))介导这些功能,这些细胞因子负责抗体产生、嗜酸性粒细胞活化和抑制几种巨噬细胞功能,从而提供不依赖吞噬细胞的保护反应。
“多肽”和“蛋白”是指由通过肽键或肽键等位体连接的氨基酸残基、相关的天然存在的结构变体和合成非天然存在的类似物构成的聚合物。合成多肽可以例如使用自动多肽合成器来合成。术语“多肽”和“蛋白”不限于产品的最小长度。术语“蛋白”通常是指大多肽。术语“肽”通常指短多肽。因此,肽、寡肽、二聚体、多聚体以及其类似物都包括在所述定义内。所述定义涵盖全长蛋白和其片段。术语“多肽”和“蛋白”还包括多肽或蛋白的表达后修饰,例如糖基化、乙酰化、磷酸化等。此外,出于本公开的目的,“多肽”可以包括对天然序列的“修饰”,如缺失、添加、取代(其在性质上可以是保守的,或者可以包括用通常存在于人蛋白中的20个氨基酸中的任何一种氨基酸或任何其它天然或非天然存在或非典型氨基酸的取代)和化学修饰(例如,添加或用模拟肽取代)。这些修饰可能是有意的,如通过定点诱变或通过氨基酸的化学修饰来去除或附着化学部分,也可能是偶然的,如通过产生蛋白的宿主产生的突变或通过由于PCR扩增引起的错误。
如本文所用的“抗原部分”或“抗原”是指被宿主免疫系统识别的任何部分,例如肽。抗原部分的实例包括但不限于自身抗原、过敏原、酶、治疗性蛋白和/或细菌或病毒蛋白、肽、药物或药物制剂中存在的组分(例如载剂、缓冲剂和赋形剂)。
如本文所用的“免疫耐受状态”是指在接受耐受疗法之前、期间或之后受试者的抗原特异性耐受的水平。可以使用本文所描述的指示免疫耐受的一个或多个参数(例如,细胞表面标志物的水平、细胞因子谱、响应于抗原的细胞增殖、免疫细胞群的数量和比)来确定免疫耐受状态。如本文所用的“免疫耐受标记”是指受试者在接受耐受疗法之前、期间或之后可能具有的免疫耐受测定的综合图案。例如,受试者可以具有基于所测量的1、2、3、4、5、6、7个或更多个耐受参数指示耐受存在或不存在的免疫耐受标记。示例性耐受参数包括效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例、Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例、效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例、特异性IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平、炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平、抗炎细胞因子和化学因子的水平、炎性代谢物的水平和抗炎代谢物的水平。
如本文所用的“免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失”是指在受试者中测量的耐受参数的变化,这些参数指示受试者的免疫耐受的丧失。此类参数包括抗原特异性T细胞的增加、Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例的降低、效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例的降低、与特异性IgG、IgA、IgM水平相比IgE的水平的增加、炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平的增加、抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平的降低、炎性代谢物的水平的增加、抗炎代谢物的水平的降低。例如,指示耐受的减弱或丧失的参数包括但不限于CD4+T效应细胞频率的增加、抗原特异性Treg细胞的频率的降低、抗原特异抗体的水平的增加、PBMC产生IFN-γ的增加和体外细胞活化后IL-5与IFN-γ的比的降低。
“抗炎代谢物的水平”是指与抑制或下调炎性免疫应答相关联的代谢中间体或最终产物。与炎性免疫应答的抑制和/或负调节相关联的代谢物的实例包括主要类别的代谢物,但不限于酸、脂质、糖和氨基酸。此类代谢物的实例包括但不限于犬尿氨酸、3-羟基犬尿氨酸、2-氨基-3-羧基粘康酸6-半醛、皮考琳酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、3-羟基邻氨基苯甲酸、二酰辅酶A、NAD+、喹啉酸、精氨酸、丁酸和腺苷。从生物样本中测定的人代谢物列表可以在文献中找到,包括(Psychogios等人,2011)、(Wishart等人,HMDB:人代谢组数据库(HumanMetabolome Database)《核酸研究(Nucleic Acids Res)》2007年1月;35(数据库专辑(Database issue)):D521-6,2007)和人代谢组数据库(HMDB),并且通过引用并入本文。
“炎性代谢物的水平”是指与炎性免疫应答的诱导和/或上调相关联的代谢中间体或最终产物。与炎性免疫应答的诱导和/或上调相关联的代谢物的实例包括主要类别的代谢物,但不限于酸、脂质、糖和氨基酸。实例包括但不限于乳酸盐、三甲胺N-氧化物、O-乙酰肉碱、L-肉碱、胆碱、琥珀酸盐、谷氨酰胺、脂肪酸、胆固醇、3-羟基丁酸、3'-唾液乳糖、花生四烯酸、前列腺素(G2和H2)、PGD2、PGE2、PGF2a、PGI2、TXA2、白三烯(A4、B4、C4、D4、E4)、脂氧素A4和脂氧素B4。
“药学上可接受的载剂”是指任何标准的药物载剂、缓冲剂等,如磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液、5%葡萄糖水溶液和乳液(例如,油/水或水/油乳液)。赋形剂的非限制性实例包括佐剂、粘合剂、填料、稀释剂、崩解剂、乳化剂、润湿剂、润滑剂、增粘剂、甜味剂、调味剂和着色剂。合适的药物载剂、赋形剂和稀释剂描述于《雷明顿药物科学(Remington'sPharmaceutical Sciences)》,第19版(马克出版公司(Mack Publishing Co.),伊斯顿(Easton),1995)中。优选的药物载剂取决于活性剂的预期给药方式。典型的给药模式包括肠内(例如,口服)或肠外(例如,皮下注射、肌肉内注射、静脉内注射或腹膜内注射;或局部给药、透皮给药或透粘膜给药)。
“药学上可接受的”或“药理学上可接受的”意指在生物学上或其它方面不是不理想的材料,即,所述材料可以给予个体,而不会引起任何不良的生物效应,也不会以有害的方式与含有所述材料的组合物的任何组分或存在于个体上或个体体内的任何组分相互作用。
如本文所用,术语“受试者”涵盖哺乳动物和非哺乳动物。哺乳动物的实例包括但不限于以下哺乳动物类的任何成员:人、黑猩猩等非人灵长类动物以及其它类人猿和猴种;农场动物,如牛、马、绵羊、山羊、猪;家养动物,如兔子、狗和猫;实验室动物,包括啮齿类动物,如大鼠、小鼠和豚鼠等。非哺乳动物的实例包括但不限于鸟类、鱼类等。此术语不指明具体年龄或性别。
术语“表位”是指能够在一个或多个抗原结合区被选择性结合剂识别和结合的任何分子的部分。表位通常由分子的化学活性表面基团组成,如氨基酸或碳水化合物侧链,并且具有特定的三维结构特征以及荷质比特征。如本文所用,表位可以是连续的或非连续的。此外,表位可以是模拟物(模拟表位),因为其包含与用于产生抗体的表位相同的三维结构,但是不包含或仅包含在靶标中所见的用于刺激抗体免疫应答的一些氨基酸残基。如本文所用,模拟表位不被认为是与选择性结合剂结合的表位不同的抗原;选择性结合剂识别表位和模拟表位的相同三维结构。
术语“治疗有效量”在本文中用于指示对改善或减轻待治疗疾病的症状或体征有效的本公开的抗原特异性组合物的量。
如本文关于方法使用的术语“治疗(treat)”、“治疗(treated)”“治疗(treating)”和“治疗(treatment)”是指暂时地或永久地、部分地或完全地消除、减少、抑制或改善事件、疾病或病状的临床症状、表现或进展。这种治疗不一定是绝对有用的。
粒子
粒子的尺寸和电荷对于耐受诱导是重要的。虽然粒子的尺寸和电荷将基于包埋在其内的抗原而不同,但通常,当它们在约100纳米和约1500纳米之间且具有介于0mV和约-100mV之间的电荷时,本公开的粒子在诱导耐受方面是有效的。在各种实施例中,粒子的直径为400至800纳米,并且具有介于约-25mV和-70mV之间的电荷。粒子的平均粒径和电荷在冻干过程中可能会略有改变,因此,描述了合成后平均值和冻干后平均值。如本文所用,术语“合成后尺寸”和“合成后电荷”是指冻干前粒子的尺寸和电荷。“冻干后尺寸”和“冻干后电荷”是指冻干后粒子的尺寸和电荷。
在一些实施例中,粒子是非金属的。在这些实施例中,粒子可以由聚合物形成。在优选的实施例中,粒子在个体中是可生物降解的。在本实施例中,可以在个体中跨多个剂量提供粒子,而不会在个体中积聚粒子。合适的粒子的实例包括聚苯乙烯粒子、PLGA粒子、PLURIONICS稳定的聚苯硫醚粒子和金刚石粒子。
优选地,粒子表面由最小化非特异性或不想要的生物相互作用的材料构成。粒子表面和间质之间的相互作用可能是淋巴吸收中起作用的一个因素。粒子表面可以涂覆有防止或减少非特异性相互作用的材料。如皮下注射后淋巴摄取的改善所证明的那样,通过在粒子上涂覆亲水层(如聚乙二醇(PEG))及其共聚物(如)(包括聚乙二醇-bl-聚丙二醇-bl-聚乙二醇的共聚物)进行的空间位阻稳定可以减少与间质的蛋白的非特异性相互作用。所有这些事实都提示粒子的物理性质在淋巴摄取方面的相关性。可生物降解聚合物可用于制造聚合物和/或粒子和/或层中的全部或部分。可生物降解聚合物例如,由于官能团与溶液中的水反应可能发生降解。如本文所用的术语“降解”是指通过分子量的降低或通过疏水基团转化为亲水基团而变得可溶。具有酯基团的聚合物(例如,聚丙交酯和聚乙醇酯)通常会发生自发水解。
本公开的粒子还可以含有另外的组分。例如,载剂可以具有掺入或缀合到载剂的成像剂。具有当前可商购的成像剂的载剂纳米球体的实例是Kodak X-sight纳米球体。称为量子点(QD)的无机量子限制发光纳米晶体在FRET应用中表现为理想的供体:它们的高量子产率和可调谐的尺寸依赖性斯托克斯位移(Stokes Shifts)当在单紫外线波长下激发时,允许不同尺寸发射蓝光到红外光。(Bruchez等人,《科学(Science),1998,281,2013;Niemeyer,C.M《德国应用化学(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.)》2003,42,5796;Waggoner,A.《酶学方法(Methods Enzymol.)》1995,246,362;Brus,L.E.《化学物理杂志(J.Chem.Phys.)》1993,79,5566)。量子点,如基于称为树枝状聚合物的一类聚合物的混合有机/无机量子点,可用于生物标记、成像以及光学生物传感系统。(Lemon等人,《美国化学会志(J.Am.Chem.Soc.)》2000,122,12886)。与传统无机量子点的合成不同,这些混合量子点纳米粒子的合成不需要高温或高毒性、不稳定的试剂。(Etienne等人,《应用物理快报(Appl.Phys.Lett.)》87,181913,2005)。
粒子可以由各种各样的材料形成。粒子优选由适合于生物用途的材料构成。例如,粒子可由玻璃、硅石、羟基羧酸的聚酯、二羧酸的聚酐、或羟基羧酸和二羧酸的共聚物构成。更一般来说,载剂粒子可以由以下构成:直链或支链的、经取代或未经取代的、饱和或不饱和的、线性或交联的烷基、卤烷基、硫烷基、氨烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烯基、芳烯基、杂芳基或烷氧基羟基酸的聚酯或直链或支链的、经取代或未经取代的、饱和或不饱和的、线性或交联的烷基、卤烷基、硫烷基、氨烷基、芳基、芳烷基、烯基、芳烯基、杂芳基或烷氧基二羧酸的聚酐。另外地,载剂粒子可以是量子点、或由量子点如量子点聚苯乙烯粒子构成(Joumaa等人(2006)《朗缪尔(Langmuir)》22:1810-6)。还可以采用包括酯和酐键的混合物(例如,乙醇酸和癸二酸的共聚物)的载剂粒子。例如,载剂粒子可包含包括以下在内的材料:聚乙醇酸(PGA)聚合物、聚乳酸(PLA)聚合物、聚癸二酸(PSA)聚合物、聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)(PLGA或PLG;术语可互换)共聚物、聚(乳酸-共-癸二酸)(PLSA)共聚物、聚(乙醇酸-共-癸二酸)(PGSA)共聚物、聚苯硫醚聚合物、聚己内酯、壳聚糖等。可用于本发明的其它生物相容、可生物降解的聚合物包括己内酯、碳酸盐、酰胺、氨基酸、原酸酯、缩醛、氰基丙烯酸酯和可降解聚氨酯的聚合物或共聚物,以及它们与直链或支链的、经取代或未经取代的烷基、卤烷基、硫烷基、氨烷基、烯基或芳香族羟基酸或二羧酸的共聚物。另外,具有反应性侧链基团的生物学上重要的氨基酸,如赖氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸、以及半胱氨酸或其对映异构体,可以包括在与任何上述材料的共聚物中,以为与抗原肽和蛋白或缀合部分的缀合提供反应性基团。适合于本发明的可生物降解材料包括金刚石、PLA、PGA、聚苯硫醚和PLGA聚合物。生物相容但不可生物降解的材料也可以用于本发明的载剂粒子中。例如,可以采用丙烯酸酯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯、酰基取代的乙酸纤维素、不可降解的聚氨酯、苯乙烯、氯乙烯、氟乙烯、乙烯基咪唑、氯磺化烯烃、环氧乙烷、乙烯醇、(杜邦(DuPont),特拉华州威尔明顿(Wilmington,Del.))和尼龙的不可生物降解聚合物。
在某些实施例中,粒子为摩尔比为约80:20至约100:0的共聚物。本免疫修饰粒子的合适共聚物比可以为25:75、30:70、35:65、40:60、45:55、50:50、55:45、60:40、65:35、70:30、75:25、80:20、81:19、82:18、83:17、84:16、85:15、86:14、87:13、88:12、89:11、90:10、91:9、92:8、93:7、94:6、95:5、96:4、97:3、98:2、99:1或100:0。在某些实施例中,粒子为PLURONICS稳定的聚苯硫醚粒子、聚乙醇酸粒子(PGA)、聚乳酸粒子(PLA)或聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)粒子。在某些实施例中,粒子的共聚物比为聚乳酸/聚乙醇酸80:20:聚乳酸/聚乙醇酸90:10或聚乳酸:聚乙醇酸/50:50。在各种实施例中,粒子为聚(乳酸-共-乙醇酸)粒子,并且聚乳酸:聚乙醇酸的共聚物比为约50:50。
可以设想,粒子可进一步包含表面活性剂。表面活性剂可以是阴离子的、阳离子的或非离子的。泊洛沙姆和泊洛沙胺家族中的表面活性剂通常用于粒子合成。可以使用的表面活性剂包括但不限于PEG、吐温-80、明胶、葡聚糖、普朗尼克(pluronic)L-63、PVA、PAA、甲基纤维素、卵磷脂、DMAB和PEMA。另外地,可生物降解和生物相容的表面活性剂,包括但不限于维生素E TPGS(D-α-生育酚聚乙二醇1000琥珀酸酯)、聚氨基酸(例如,赖氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、酪氨酸和半胱氨酸或其对映异构体的聚合物)和硫酸酯聚合物。在某些实施例中,使用两种表面活性剂。例如,如果粒子是通过双乳液法生产的,则两种表面活性剂可以包括用于第一乳液的疏水性表面活性剂和用于第二乳液的疏水表面活性剂。在某些实施例中,多肽抗原通过单乳液法包埋在粒子中。在进一步的实施例中,多肽抗原的疏水性更高。有时,双乳液法会导致大粒子的形成,这可能导致亲水活性组分的泄漏和低截留效率。聚结和奥斯特瓦尔德(Ostwald)熟化是可能使双乳液液滴不稳定的两种机制,而通过亲水性活性组分的有机相的扩散是导致活性组分的截留水平低的主要机制。在一些实施例中,降低纳米粒子尺寸可能是有益的。实现这一点的一种策略是施加第二强剪切速率。泄漏效应可通过使用高聚合物浓度和高聚合物摩尔质量而降低,这伴随着内部水相粘度的升高和表面活性剂摩尔质量的增加。在某些实施例中,包埋抗原的粒子通过纳米沉淀、共沉淀、惰性气体冷凝、溅射、微乳液、溶胶-凝胶法、逐层技术或离子凝胶法制造。已经在文献中描述了几种用于制造纳米粒子的方法,并通过引用将其并入本文(Sánchez、Mejía和Orozco 2020;Zielińska等人2020)。
抗原
抗原是指分子的离散部分,如多肽或肽序列、多肽或肽的3-D结构形成、可被宿主免疫细胞识别的多糖或多核苷酸。抗原特异性是指受试者的宿主细胞识别并产生针对单独的抗原或与抗原非常相似的分子(正如表位或模拟表位)的免疫应答的能力。
“失能”、“耐受”或“抗原特异性耐受”是指T细胞对T细胞受体介导的刺激不敏感性。这种不敏感性通常是抗原特异性的,并且在停止暴露于抗原肽后持续存在。例如,T细胞失能的特征在于缺乏细胞因子产生,例如IL-2。当T细胞暴露于抗原并在没有第二信号(共刺激信号)的情况下接收第一信号(T细胞受体或CD-3介导的信号)时,就会发生T细胞失能。在这些条件下,细胞重新暴露于同一抗原(即使在共刺激分子存在下发生重新暴露)导致细胞因子无法产生,随后无法增殖。因此,无法产生细胞因子会防止增殖。然而,如果与细胞因子(例如IL-2)一起培养,失能T细胞可以增殖。
可以设想,本文所描述的耐受疗法是抗原特异性的。例如,在耐受疗法中给予的TIMP包埋与所述耐受疗法和正在治疗的相关疾病或病状相关联的一种或多种抗原。在各种实施例中,抗原为自身免疫抗原、移植抗原、过敏原、酶置换疗法、蛋白治疗剂和/或基因治疗载体或病毒载体。
示例性抗原包括髓鞘碱性蛋白、乙酰胆碱受体、内源性抗原、髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP)、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG)、环核苷酸磷酸水解酶、胰腺β细胞抗原、胰岛素、胰岛素原、胰岛特异性葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶催化亚基相关蛋白(IGRP)、谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)、11型胶原蛋白、人软骨gp39、fp130-RAPS、纤维蛋白、小核仁蛋白、甲状腺刺激因子受体、组蛋白、糖蛋白gp70、丙酮酸脱氢酶脱氢脂酰胺乙酰转移酶(PCD-E2)、毛囊抗原、水通道蛋白4、桥粒芯蛋白1、桥粒芯蛋白3、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体、醇溶蛋白、ADAMTS13、GPIIb/GPIIIa、CYP2D6、BP180、NC16、BP230、Ro60、MPO、促甲状腺激素受体和人原肌球蛋白亚型5、百喜草花粉(BaGP)、桃过敏原、牛奶过敏原、芹菜过敏原、坚果过敏原、树坚果过敏原、牛血清白蛋白、榛子过敏原、卵清蛋白、鸡蛋过敏原、花生过敏原、鱼类过敏原、贝类过敏原、尘螨、猫过敏原、狗过敏原、花粉过敏原、蜂毒、日本柳杉花粉、酶置换疗法、治疗性蛋白和病毒载体。
WHO/IUIS过敏原命名小组委员会(www.allergen.org)正式承认了以下15种以上的花生过敏原:Ara h1至Ara h18,包括Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h5、Ara h6、Ara h7、Ara h8、Ara h9、Ara h10、Ara h11、Ara h12、Ara h13、Ara h14、Ara h15、Ara h16、Ara h17和Ara h18。基于Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h5、Ara h6和Ara h8,花生过敏原可根据其结构分为不同的组(例如三聚体、单体、cupin、白蛋白、醇溶蛋白、抑制蛋白、油质蛋白、防御素、豌豆球蛋白、非特异性脂质转移蛋白(nsLTP)),并且这些组中的每一组都具有不同程度的致敏效力(Ozias-Akins等人,《过敏(Allergy)》74:888-898,2019)。已知的花生过敏原包括来源于花生(Arachis hypogaea)的过敏原:Ara h1、Ara h2、Ara h3、Ara h5、Ara h6、Arah7以及Ara h8和Ara h18。参见,例如,示出Ara h1多肽序列(SEQ ID NO:1)的UNIPROT数据库编号E5G076、针对Ara h2多肽(SEQ ID NO:2)的UNIPROT数据库编号A0A445BYI5、针对Arah3多肽(SEQ ID NO:3)的UNIPROT数据库编号E5G077、(另参见针对Ara h3同种过敏原1和Ara h3同种过敏原2(以前称为Ara h4)的数据库编号分别为O82580(SEQ ID NO:4)和Q9SQH7(SEQ ID NO:5))、针对Ara h5多肽(SEQ ID NO:6)的UNIPROT数据库编号L7QH52、针对Ara h6多肽(SEQ ID NO:7)的UNIPROT数据库编号A5Z1R0、针对Ara h7多肽(SEQ ID NO:8)的UNIPROT数据库编号B4XID4、针对Ara h8多肽序列(SEQ ID NO:9)的UNIPROT数据库编号Q6VT83;Ara h9同种过敏原1和Ara h9同种过敏原2,UNIPROT数据库编号分别为B6CEX8和B6CG41(SEQ ID NO:10和11);Ara h10同种过敏原1和Ara h10同种过敏原2,UNIPROT数据库编号分别为Q647G5和Q647G4(SEQ ID NO:12和13);Ara h11同种过敏原1和Ara h11同种过敏原2,UNIPROT数据库编号分别为Q45W87和Q45W86(SEQ ID NO:14和15);Ara h12,UNIPROT数据库编号为B3EWP3(SEQ ID NO:16);Ara h13同种过敏原1和Ara h13同种过敏原2,UNIPROT数据库编号分别为B3EWP4和C0HJZ1(SEQ ID NO:17和18);Ara h14同种过敏原1、Ara h14同种过敏原2和Ara h14同种过敏原3,UNIPROT数据库编号分别为Q9AXI1、Q9AXI0和Q6J1J8(SEQ ID NO:19至21);Ara h15,UNIPROT数据库编号为Q647G3(SEQ ID NO:22);Arah16,UNIPROT数据库编号为A0A509ZX51(SEQ ID NO:23);Ara h17,UNIPROT数据库编号为0A510A9S3(SEQ ID NO:24);Ara h18,UNIPROT数据库编号为A0A444XS96(SEQ ID NO:25)。
在某些实施例中,TIMP中使用一种、两种、三种或更多数量的抗原或抗原肽。在某些实施例中,一种或多种抗原通过共价连接到粒子的内表面而包埋在TIMP中(参见,例如,美国专利公开US20190282707,通过引用并入本文)。在某些实施例中,可以设想,两种或多种抗原的序列在融合蛋白中连接并包埋在本文所描述的TIMP中。用于制备具有经连接的表位的TIMP的方法描述于美国专利公开US20190365656中,通过引用并入本文。
酶置换疗法(ERT)通常用于治疗遗传性疾病,例如溶酶体储积症或血友病,其中蛋白或酶在受试者体内功能失调,并且给予外源性蛋白可以减轻正在治疗的病症的症状。然而,在某些情况下,ERT可以诱导针对所给予的蛋白的抗体或其它免疫应答。如此,减少这些可能的免疫效应的方法包括给予含有ERT中所使用的蛋白的TIMP。将待包埋在TIMP中的示例性酶置换疗法蛋白包括阿加糖酶β、阿加糖酶α、伊米苷酶、他利西酶α、维拉苷酶α、阿糖脑苷酶、溶酶体酸性脂肪酶α、拉罗尼酶、艾度硫酸酯酶、依洛硫酸酯酶α、加硫酶、阿糖苷酶α、因子VII、因子VIII、因子IX、乙酰半乳糖胺-4-硫酸酯、艾杜糖醛酸酶、阿糖脑苷酶或葡糖脑苷脂酶。
示例性蛋白治疗剂包括选自由以下组成的群组的重组蛋白:红细胞生成素、胰岛素、人生长激素、促卵泡激素、粒细胞集落刺激因子、组织纤溶酶原活化物、胰岛素样生长因子、尿酸酶、犬尿氨酸酶、L-精氨酸脱氨酶、精氨酸酶、甲硫氨酸-γ-裂解酶、天冬酰胺酶、氨基酸降解酶、谷蛋白降解酶、核苷酸降解酶、IFN-γ、IL-2、IL-12或IL-15。
在某些实施例中,蛋白治疗剂为抗体,例如,单克隆或多克隆抗体。还可以设想,抗体为单特异性、双特异性、三特异性或双特异性T细胞接合物。在各种实施例中,抗体靶向受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)、EGFR、VEGF、VEGFR、PDGF、PDGFR、HER2/Neu、ER、PR、TGF-β1、TGF-β2、TGF-β3、SIRP-α、PD-1、PD-L1、CTLA-4、CD3、CD25、CD19、CD20、CD39、CD47、CD73、FAP、IL-1β、IL-12、IL-2R、IL-15、IL-15R、IL-23、IL-33、IL-2R、IL-4Rα、T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞、巨噬细胞、单核细胞和/或中性粒细胞。在各种实施例中,抗体选自由以下组成的群组:阿昔单抗(abciximab)、阿达木单抗(adalimumab)、阿仑单抗(alemtuzumab)、阿维单抗(avelumab)、阿托珠单抗(azetolizumab)、巴利昔单抗(basiliximab)、贝伐单抗(bevacizumab)、贝佐妥单抗(bezlotoxumab)、博纳吐单抗(blinatumomab)、康纳单抗(canakinumab)、赛妥珠单抗(certolizumab)、西妥昔单抗(cetuximab)、达克利珠单抗(daclizumab)、地诺单抗(denosumab)、德瓦鲁单抗(durvalumab)、依法利珠单抗(efalizumab)、艾米珠单抗(emicizumab)、艾托奇单抗(etokimab)、戈利木单抗(golimumab)、伊匹单抗(ipilimumab)、依奇珠单抗(ixekizumab)、英夫利昔单抗(infliximab)、那他珠单抗(natalizumab)、纳武单抗(nivolumab)、奥拉单抗(olaratumab)、奥马珠单抗(omalizumab)、奥法蒂单抗(ofatimumab)、帕利珠单抗(palivizumab)、帕尼单抗(panitumumab)、帕博利珠单抗(pembrolizumab)、雷莫芦单抗(ramucirumab)、利妥昔单抗(rituximab)、托珠单抗(tocilizumab)、曲妥珠单抗(trastuzumab)、曲美木单抗(tremelimumab)、苏金单抗(secukinumab)、优特克单抗(ustekinumab)和维多珠单抗(vedolizumab)。
一些治疗剂(如基因疗法或癌症疫苗)是使用病毒载体递送的。然而,许多个体天生携带针对某些病毒载体的抗体,并且由于治疗可能会产生针对病毒载体的抗病毒抗体和其它免疫活性。如此,对病毒载体的耐受可以改进采用病毒载体的疗法。在某些实施例中,TIMP包含病毒载体中的全部或部分。可用作病毒载体的示例性病毒包括但不限于,腺相关病毒(AAV)、单纯疱疹病毒、慢病毒、逆转录病毒、α病毒、黄病毒、弹状病毒、麻疹病毒、新城疫病毒、痘病毒、痘苗病毒、改良安卡拉病毒、水泡性口炎病毒、小核糖核酸病毒、烟草花叶病毒、豆花叶病毒或黄瓜花叶病毒。在各种实施例中,病毒为溶瘤病毒。在各种实施例中,病毒为嵌合病毒、合成病毒、镶嵌病毒或假型病毒。在各种实施例中,AAV载体为AAV1、AAV2、AAV3、AAV4、AAV5、AAV6、AAV7、AAV8、AAV9、AAV12、Anc80或其组合。
使用方法
本方法可用于在正在接受耐受疗法的受试者中监测并追踪耐受的诱导,更重要的是,耐受的维持。本方法可用于确定正在接受治疗的个体的免疫标记,并且建立免疫标记指示受试者是否具有持久的免疫耐受,或者抗原特异性耐受是否正在减退,并且是否需要用耐受疗法进行另外的治疗。这些方法还可用于告知接受疗法的个体的剂量,这样免疫标记可能指示受试者需要更高或更低剂量的耐受治疗剂。
在各种实施例中,受试者正在接受用免疫耐受疗法进行的治疗。在各种实施例中,受试者正在接受用脱敏疗法进行的治疗。治疗包括口服免疫疗法(OIT)、皮下免疫疗法(SCIT)、舌下免疫疗法(SLIT)和免疫耐受纳米药品。在各种实施例中,所述治疗为免疫耐受纳米药品。在各种实施例中,免疫耐受纳米药品为耐受免疫调节粒子(TIMP)。
在各种实施例中,TIMP单独给予或与一种或多种另外的治疗剂组合给予。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为IgE抑制剂、嗜碱性粒细胞活化抑制剂、肥大细胞活化抑制剂、抗组胺剂或小分子或生物治疗剂。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂抑制IgE。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂抑制嗜碱性粒细胞活化。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂抑制肥大细胞活化。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为生物剂或小分子。在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为抗IgE抗体、抗IL-4Rα抗体、抗IL13抗体、抗IL-33抗体、抗组胺剂、类固醇、皮质类固醇、白三烯调节剂或非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为抗组胺剂。在各种实施例中,抗组胺剂为第一代抗组胺剂。在各种实施例中,抗组胺剂为第二代抗组胺剂。在各种实施例中,抗组胺剂选自由以下组成的群组:溴苯那敏(brompheniramine)、马来酸罗托沙敏(carbinoxaminemaleate)、氯苯那敏(chlorpheniramine)、克立马丁(clemastine)、苯海拉明(diphenhydramine)、羟嗪(hydroxyzine)、曲普利定(triprolidine)、氮卓斯汀(azelastine)、西替利嗪(cetirizine)、地氯雷他定(desloratadine)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、左西替利嗪(levocetrizine)、多西拉敏(doxylamine)、依巴斯汀(ebastine)、恩布拉敏(embramine)、肾上腺素(epinephrine)、非索非那定(fexofenadine)、氯雷他定(loratadine)和奥洛他定(olopatadine)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为类固醇。在各种实施例中,类固醇选自由以下组成的群组:倍氯米松(beclomethasone)、环索奈德(ciclesonide)、糠酸氟替卡松(fluticasone furoatr)、莫米松(mometasone)、布地奈德(budenoside)、氟替卡松(fluticasone)、去炎松(triamcinolone)和氯替泼诺(loteprednol)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为皮质类固醇。在各种实施例中,皮质类固醇选自由以下组成的群组:可的松(cortisone)、强的松(prednisone)、泼尼松龙(prednisolone)、甲基强的松龙(methylprednisolone)、地塞米松(dexamethasone)、倍他米松(betamethasone)和氢化可的松(hydrocortisone)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为非甾体抗炎药(NSAID)。在各种实施例中,NSAID为非选择性NSAID。在各种实施例中,NSAID为COX-2选择性NSAID。在各种实施例中,NSAID为COX-1选择性NSAID。在各种实施例中,NSAID为前列腺素合成酶抑制剂。在各种实施例中,NSAID选自由以下组成的群组:双氯芬酸(diclofenac)、双氯芬酸钾(diclofenacpotassium)、双氯芬酸钠(diclofenac sodium)、二氟尼柳(diflunisal)、依托度酸(etodolac)、氟比洛芬(flurbiprofen)、非诺洛芬(fenoprofen)、非诺洛芬钙(fenoprofencalcium)、酮咯酸(ketorolac)、酮咯酸氨丁三醇(ketorolac tromethamine)、酮基布洛芬(ketoprofen)、托美汀(tolmetin)、托美汀钠(tolmetin sodium)、阿司匹林(aspirin)、布洛芬(ibuprofen)、萘普生(naproxen)、吲哚美辛(indomethacin)、吲哚美辛钠(indomethacin sodium)、舒林酸(sulindac)、联苯乙酸(felbinac)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、甲芬那酸(mefenamic acid)、甲氯芬那酸钠(meclofenamate sodium)、美洛昔康(meloxicam)、萘丁美酮(nabumetone)、奥沙普嗪(oxaprozin)、吡罗昔康(piroxicam)、噻利考西(celecoxib)、依托度酸(etodolac)、依托考昔(etoricoxib)、罗美考昔(lumiracoxib)、罗非考昔(rofecoxib)和伐地考昔(valdecoxib)。
在各种实施例中,另外的治疗剂为白三烯调节剂。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂为抗白三烯。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂为白三烯受体拮抗剂。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂为白三烯合成抑制剂。在各种实施例中,白三烯调节剂选自由以下组成的群组:孟鲁司特(montelukast)、齐留通(zileuton)和扎鲁司特(zafirlukast)。
为了评估耐受,在接受疗法之前和疗法期间从受试者获得生物样本,并测定本文所描述的各种耐受参数。生物样本包括全血、外周血、外周血单核细胞(PBMC)、血清、血浆、尿液、脑脊液(CSF)、粪便、组织活检和/或骨髓活检。在各种实施例中,生物样本的测定包括分析细胞表面蛋白、细胞外蛋白、细胞内蛋白、核酸、代谢物和/或其组合的水平和/或存在或不存在。
来自生物样本经测定的细胞包括免疫细胞、非免疫细胞和/或其组合。免疫细胞包括先天免疫细胞、适应性免疫细胞和/或其组合。来自生物样本经测定的先天免疫细胞为抗原呈递细胞(APC)。来自生物样本经测定的示例性先天免疫细胞包括单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、粒细胞、树突状细胞、肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和/或其组合。来自生物样本经测定的适应性免疫细胞包括效应免疫细胞,如T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞、NK-T细胞和/或其组合。在各种实施例中,T细胞为TH1细胞、TH2a细胞、Treg细胞和Tr1细胞。
在某些实施例中,来自生物样本经测定的细胞为上皮细胞、基质细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、周细胞、脂肪细胞、间充质干细胞、造血干细胞、造血祖细胞、肝窦内皮细胞(LSEC)和/或库普弗细胞。
使用从受试者获得并在体内和/或离体刺激的一个或多个生物样本中测定的以下参数中的一个或多个参数来产生受试者的免疫耐受标记:
a.效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例;
b.Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例;
c.效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例;
d.特异性IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比;
e.炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
g.炎性代谢物的水平;和
h.抗炎代谢物的水平。
如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的维持。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的至少2/8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的维持。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的1、2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则确定受试者不需要用TIMP进行治疗。在各种实施例中,如果以上(a)至(h)中所列出的至少3/8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则确定受试者不需要用TIMP进行治疗。
如果:
a.效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例介于5%和100%之间(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
b.Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例介于1%和3%之间;和/或
c.效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例介于5%和100%之间(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
d.IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
e.炎性细胞因子/趋化因子的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
g.炎性代谢物的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值增加约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围);和/或
h.抗炎代谢物的水平相对于健康受试者和/或在治疗期间从受试者取得的一个或多个基线测量值降低约5%至100%(例如,约5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%,包括这些值之间的所有值和范围)、10%至95%、15%至90%、20%至85%、25%至75%、30%至70%、35%至65%、40%至60%、45%至55%或50%或约2至100倍(例如,约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍,包括所有值和这些值之间的范围),则使用本文所描述的一个或多个参数所产生的受试者的免疫耐受标记指示用TIMP进行治疗之前或之后免疫耐受的减弱和/或不存在。
可以设想,在给予免疫耐受疗法之前1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月,从正在接受耐受疗法的受试者收集方法中所使用的一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月收集一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后每1至7天、每1至4周和/或每1至12个月收集一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,在给予免疫耐受疗法之后以1至7天、每1至4周和/或每1至12个月的间隔收集一个或多个生物样本。在各种实施例中,每周、每2周、每4周、每1个月、每2个月、每3个月、每4个月、每5个月、每6个月、每9个月或每12个月收集样本。
筛选方法
从正在接受如本文所描述耐受疗法的受试者中筛选细胞类型、细胞因子、核酸或其它耐受度量的方法是本领域已知的。使用如流式细胞术、质谱流式细胞技术(CyTOF)、ELISA、ELISPOT、体外/离体细胞刺激测定法(包括但不限于细胞增殖测定法、嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验(BAT)、巨噬细胞刺激测定法)、测量自身抗体或测量Ig血清型(例如,通过ImmunoCap测定法)等技术来完成评估耐受的方法。
通过分析来自生物样本的一个或多个细胞表面蛋白来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态和免疫标记的一个方面。在各种实施例中,细胞表面蛋白包括CD1c、CD2、CD3、CD4、CD5、CD8、CD9、CD10、CD11b、CD11c、CD14、CD15、CD16、CD18、CD19、CD20、CD21、CD22、CD23、CD24、TACI、CD25、CD27、CD28、CD30、CD30L、CD31、CD32、CD32b、CD34、CD33、CD38、CD39、CD40、CD40-L、CD41b、CD42a、CD42b、CD43、CD44、CD45、CD45RA、CD47、CD45RA、CD45RO、CD48、CD52、CD55、CD56、CD58、CD61、CD66b、CD69、CD70、CD72、CD79、CD68、CD84、CD86、CD93、CD94、CD95、CRACC、BLAME、BCMA、CD103、CD107、CD112、CD120a、CD120b、CD123、CD125、CD127、CD134、CD135、CD140a、CD141、CD154、CD155、CD160、CD161、CD163、CD172a、XCR1、CD203c、CD204、CD206、CD207、CD226、CD244、CD267、CD268、CD269、CD355、CD358、CRTH2、NKG2A、NKG2B、NKG2C、NKG2D、NKG2E、NKG2F、NKG2H、KIR2DL1、KIR2DL2、KIR2DL3、KIR2DL5A、KIR2DL5B、KIR3DL1、KIR3DL2、KIR3DL3、KIR3DL4、KIR2DS1、KIR2DS2、KIR2DS3、KIR2DS4、KIR2DS5、DAP12、KIR3DS、NKp44、NKp46、TCR、BCR、整联蛋白、FcβεRI、MHC-I、MHC-II、IL-1R、IL-2Rα、IL-2Rβ、IL-2Rγ、IL-3Rα、CSF2RB、IL-4R、IL-5Rα、CSF2RB、IL-6Rα、gp130、IL-7Rα、IL-9R、IL-10R、IL-12Rβ1、IL-12Rβ2、IL-13Rα1、IL-13Rα2、IL-15Rα、IL-21R、IL-23R、IL-27Rα、IL-31Rα、OSMR、CSF-1R、细胞表面IL-15、IL-10Rα、IL-10Rβ、IL-20Rα、IL-20Rβ、IL-22Rα1、IL-22Rα2、IL-22Rβ、IL-28RA、PD-1、PD-1H、BTLA、CTLA-4、PD-L1、PD-L2、2B4、B7-1、B7-2、B7-H1、B7-H4、B7-DC、DR3、LIGHT、LAIR、LTα1β2、LTβR、TIM-1、TIM-3、TIM-4、TIGIT、LAG-3、ICOS、ICOS-L、SLAM、SLAMF2、OX-40、OX-40L、GITR、GITRL、TL1A、HVEM、41-BB、41BB-L、TL-1A、TRAF1、TRAF2、TRAF3、TRAF5、BAFF、BAFF-R、APRIL、TRAIL、RANK、AITR、TRAMP、CCR1、CCR2、CCR3、CCR4、CCR5、CCR6、CCR7、CCR8、CCR9、CCR10、CCR11、CXCR1、CXCR2、CXCR3、CXCR4、CXCR5、CXCR6、CXCR7、CLECL9a、DC-SIGN、IGSF4A、SIGLEC、EGFR、PDGFR、VEGFR、FAP、α-SMA、FAS、FAS-L、FC、ICAM-1、ICAM-2、ICAM-3、ICAM-4、ICAM-5、PECAM-1、MICA、MICB、UL16、ULBP1、ULBP2、ILBP3、ULBP4、ULBP5、ULBP6、MULT1、RAE1α、β、γ、δ和ε、H60a、H60b、H60c、GPR15、ST2和/或其组合。整联蛋白包括α1、α2、αIIb、α3、α4、α5、α6、α7、α8、α9、α10、α11、αD、αE、αL、αM、αV、αX、β1、β2、β3、β4、β5、β6、β7、β8和/或其组合。TCR包括α、β、γ、δ、ε、ζ链和/或其组合。已经在文献中描述了几种用于测定细胞表面蛋白表达的方法,包括流式细胞术和质谱细胞术(CyTOF)。
在某些实施例中,通过分析来自生物样本的核酸来确定受试者的耐受状态。在各种实施例中,核酸为DNA和/或RNA,包括但不限于单链DNA、双链DNA、mRNA、rRNA、tRNA、siRNA、miRNA、长非编码RNA(长ncRNA、lncRNA)和非编码RNA(ncRNA)和线粒体RNA。在各种实施例中,通过测定来自生物样本的基因表达来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫功能、抗体、异物反应、代谢、细胞凋亡、细胞死亡、坏死、铁死亡、自噬、细胞迁移、胞吞作用、吞噬作用、胞饮作用、紧密连接调节、细胞粘附、分化和/或其组合相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫抑制相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫活化相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,通过测定与免疫调节功能相关联的基因表达来确定免疫耐受状态。在各种实施例中,核酸分析用于产生免疫耐受标记。已经在文献中描述了几种用于高通量基因表达分析的方法,包括RNA测序(RNA-seq)、单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-seq)、外显子组测序和基于微阵列的分析。
在用抗原、过敏原和一种或多种活化剂等一种或多种刺激进行体内和/或离体刺激后,任选地对生物样本进行测定。可以设想,在测定中所使用的T细胞、B细胞和免疫球蛋白是抗原特异性的。示例性T细胞包括效应记忆T细胞、抗原特异性T细胞、经活化的抗原特异性T细胞、Th1细胞、致病性Th2a+细胞、Th17细胞、T滤泡辅助(TFH)细胞、Th0细胞或其它抗原特异性T细胞。B细胞包括效应B细胞、记忆B细胞、血浆B细胞和Breg细胞。在某些实施例中,基于表A中所描述的蛋白的表达来鉴定T细胞。
表A
可以通过流式细胞术完成对样本中的细胞类型和细胞因子的测量。例如,PBMC用特异性抗原离体活化24至48小时,染色并通过流式细胞术进行分析,以确定不同的细胞类型,例如,Teff、Treg、Th1、B细胞等以及细胞因子IL5、IFNγ。
BAT测定是在多种浓度的抗原离体活化后从新鲜血液中进行的。进行分析以提供在最大嗜碱性粒细胞活化(EC50)(CD203c+/CD63+/-嗜酸性粒细胞活化)50%时的有效浓度。
免疫球蛋白同种型的测量可以通过ImmunoCap测定法进行。
药物调配物
根据给药途径,含有本文所描述的TIMP和抗原的本公开的药物组合物可含有药学上可接受的载剂或添加剂。此类载剂或添加剂的实例包括水、药学上可接受的有机溶剂、胶原蛋白、聚乙烯醇、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羧基乙烯聚合物、羧甲基纤维素钠、聚丙烯酸钠、海藻酸钠、水溶性葡聚糖、羧甲基淀粉钠、果胶、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、黄原胶、阿拉伯树胶、酪蛋白、明胶、琼脂、二甘油、甘油、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、凡士林、石蜡、硬脂醇、硬脂酸、人血清白蛋白(HSA)、甘露醇、山梨醇、乳糖、药学上可接受的表面活性剂等。所用的添加剂选自但不限于上述或其组合,适当时,取决于本公开的剂型。
药物组合物的配方将根据所选择的给药途径(例如,溶液、乳液)而变化。可以在生理上可接受的媒剂或载剂中制备包含待给予的治疗剂的适当组合物。对于溶液或乳液,合适的载剂包括,例如,水溶液或醇ic/水溶液、乳液或悬浮液,包括盐水和缓冲介质。肠胃外媒剂可包括氯化钠溶液、林格氏葡萄糖(Ringer's dextrose)、右旋糖和氯化钠、乳酸林格氏液或非挥发性油。静脉内媒剂可包括各种添加剂、防腐剂或流体、营养物或电解质补充剂。
各种水性载剂,例如,无菌磷酸盐缓冲盐水溶液、抑菌水、水、缓冲水、0.4%盐水、0.3%甘氨酸等,并且可以包括经过温和化学修饰等的用于增强稳定性的其它蛋白,例如,白蛋白、脂蛋白、球蛋白等。
通过将具有所需纯度的抑制剂与任选的生理学可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂(《雷明顿药物科学》第16版,Osol,A.编辑(1980))以冻干制剂或水溶液的形式混合来制备抑制剂的治疗性制剂以备储存。可接受的载剂、赋形剂或稳定剂在所用剂量和浓度下对接受者无毒并且包含:缓冲剂,如磷酸盐、柠檬酸盐和其它有机酸;抗氧化剂,包括抗坏血酸和蛋氨酸;防腐剂(如十八烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵;氯化六烃季铵;苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵;酚醇、丁醇或苯甲醇;对羟基苯甲酸烷酯,如对羟基苯甲酸甲酯或对羟基苯甲酸丙酯;邻苯二酚;间苯二酚;环己醇;3-戊醇;和间甲酚);低分子量(少于约10个残基)多肽;蛋白,如血清白蛋白、明胶或免疫球蛋白;亲水性聚合物,如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮;氨基酸,如甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、天冬酰胺、组氨酸、精氨酸或赖氨酸;单糖、二糖和其它碳水化合物,包括葡萄糖、甘露糖或糊精;螯合剂,如EDTA;糖,如蔗糖、甘露糖醇、海藻糖或山梨糖醇;盐形成反离子,如钠;金属络合物(例如,锌蛋白络合物);和/或非离子表面活性剂,如TWEENTM、PLURONICSTM或聚乙二醇(PEG)。
用于体内给予的调配物必须是无菌的。这易于通过无菌过滤膜过滤来完成。
水性悬浮液可以含有与适于制造水性悬浮液的赋形剂混合的活性化合物。此类赋形剂为悬浮剂,例如,羧甲基纤维素钠、甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、海藻酸钠、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、黄蓍胶和阿拉伯树胶;分散剂或润湿剂可以为天然存在的磷脂(例如,卵磷脂)或氧化烯与脂肪酸(例如,聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯)的缩合产物或环氧乙烷与长链脂族醇(例如,十七碳亚乙基氧基鲸蜡醇)的缩合产物或环氧乙烷与衍生自脂肪酸和己糖醇的偏酯(如聚氧乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)的缩合产物、或环氧乙烷和衍生自脂肪酸和己醇酸酐的偏酯(例如,聚乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯)的缩合产物。水性悬浮液还可以含有一种或多种防腐剂,例如对羟基苯甲酸乙酯或对羟基苯甲酸正丙酯。
本文所描述的包含TIMP的抗原可以冻干储存,并在使用前在合适的载剂中复原。
用于口服给药的固体剂型包括胶囊、片剂、丸剂、散剂和颗粒剂。在此类固体剂型中,将经修饰的粒子与以下进行混合:至少一种惰性、药学上可接受的赋形剂或载剂如柠檬酸钠或磷酸二钙和/或(a)填充剂或增充剂,如淀粉、乳糖、蔗糖、葡萄糖、甘露醇和硅酸、(b)粘合剂,如例如,羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、蔗糖和阿拉伯胶、(c)保湿剂,如甘油、(d)崩解剂,如琼脂、碳酸钙、马铃薯或木薯淀粉、海藻酸、某些硅酸盐和碳酸钠、(e)溶液阻滞剂,如石蜡、(f)吸收促进剂,如季铵化合物、(g)润湿剂,如例如,鲸蜡醇和单硬脂酸甘油酯、(h)吸收剂,如高岭土和膨润土、和(i)润滑剂,如滑石、硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸镁、固体聚乙二醇、十二烷基硫酸钠及其混合物。在胶囊、片剂和丸剂的情况下,剂型还可以包含缓冲剂。
试剂盒
作为另外的方面,本公开包括试剂盒,其包含一种或多种化合物或组合物,其以便于其用于实施本公开方法的方式包装。在一个实施例中,这种试剂盒包括本文所描述的化合物或组合物(例如,包含单独的TIMP或与另一抗体或第三试剂组合的组合物),包装在容器(如密封瓶或容器)中,标签贴在容器上或包含在包装中,所述标签描述了化合物或组合物在实践所述方法中的用途。优选地,所述化合物或组合物以单位剂型包装。所述试剂盒可以进一步包括一种适于根据具体施用途径施用所述组合物或适于实施筛选测定的装置。优选地,试剂盒含有描述抑制剂组合物的用途的标签。
本公开的另外的方面和细节将根据以下实例而变得显而易见,所述实例旨在是说明性而非限制性的。
实例
实例1
可以设想,在患有花生过敏的受试者中监测免疫耐受的维持,所述受试者接受或即将接受用由包埋花生过敏原的TIMP(TIMP-PPE)组成的抗原特异性耐受疗法进行的治疗。受试者在第1天和第8天间隔一周预计接受两剂TIMP-PPE。
简言之,通过在给药前第一次给予TIMP-PPE当天(第1天)、给予第二剂后14天,然后在第二剂后每90天(例如,第二剂后第90、180、270和360天)从受试者获得一个或多个全血样本来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。处理全血以分离PBMC、嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、血浆和血清,用于下游分析。
免疫耐受状态的以下指标可以通过从受试者收集的一个或多个血液样本中分离并用经纯化的抗原性花生蛋白离体刺激的PBMC的测定来检查,并且可以例如通过流式细胞术来测量:
a.通过流式细胞术确定的Th2a+T细胞(Th2a+细胞/总花生反应性T细胞)的比例。Th2a+细胞被定义为CRTH2+/CD161+/CD154+/CD27-。总花生反应性细胞被定义为CRTH2-/CD161+/CD154+/CD27-。
b.通过流式细胞术确定的经活化的花生特异性T细胞(经活化的花生特异性T细胞/未经活化的花生反应性T细胞)的比例。经活化的花生反应性T细胞被定义为CD154+/CD38+。未经活化的花生反应性T细胞被定义为CD154+。
c.通过流式细胞术确定的T调节性细胞群(CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+/Helios+/IL-10+)的频率。进行多色流分析以提供花生特异性T调节性细胞(花生特异性T调节性细胞/花生特异性CD4+效应记忆细胞)的比例。
d.例如通过Luminex 200所检测到的,用花生抗原蛋白离体刺激后PBMC培养上清液中IL-5与IFN-γ的比。
免疫耐受状态的以下指标可以通过从受试者收集的一个或多个血液样本中分离并用经纯化的抗原性花生蛋白离体刺激的嗜碱性粒细胞的测定来检查:使用嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验(BAT)(Santos和Lack 2016)用经纯化的抗原性花生蛋白离体刺激后经活化的CD203+/CD63+嗜碱性粒细胞的比例和使用嗜碱性粒细胞活化试验测量的用经纯化的抗原性花生蛋白离体内刺激后最大嗜碱性粒细胞活化50%时的有效浓度(EC50),其中经活化的嗜碱性粒细胞为CD203+/CD63+/-。将进行分析以提供最大嗜碱性粒细胞活化50%(EC50)时的有效浓度。
免疫耐受状态的以下指标可以通过从受试者获得的一个或多个血液样本中分离的血清的测定来检查:通过ImmunoCap测定测量的花生特异性IgE与IgG的比。
结合起来,来自上述分析的结果可用于确定免疫耐受标记以及受试者是否已经维持了免疫耐受。如果此类分析指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则可以对受试者重新给予TIMP-PPE以恢复免疫耐受。
例如,花生过敏受试者在给药前第1天时间点的Th2a+细胞比例预计为>15%。用TIMP-PPE进行治疗在第二剂之后14天将Th2a+细胞的比例预计减少至<15%,这指示免疫耐受的诱导。在随后的任何时间点(例如,给药后第90、180、270和360天),Th2a+细胞的比例增加至>15%将指示免疫耐受的减弱,并需要重新给予TIMP-PPE以恢复免疫耐受。
例如,在用TIMP-PPE进行治疗之后第14天用花生抗原蛋白离体刺激后,PBMC培养上清液中IL-5与IFN-γ的比预计与用TIMP-PE进行治疗之前基线时的比相比显著降低。在随后的任何采样和测定时间点(例如,给药后第90、180、270和360天),IL-5与IFN-γ的比在统计学上显著增加(例如,增加>10%或>1.5倍),将指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,并需要重新给予TIMP-PPE以恢复免疫耐受。
例如,与用TIMP-PPE进行治疗之前基线时的花生特异性IgE与IgG的比相比,用TIMP-PPE进行治疗的受试者血液中花生特异性IgG与IgE的比预计在治疗后第60天显著减少。在随后的任何采样和测定时间点(例如,给药后第90、180、270和360天),花生特异性IgE与IgG的比在统计学上显著增加(例如,增加>10%或>1.5倍),将指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,并需要重新给予TIMP-PPE以恢复免疫耐受。
实例2
可以设想,可以在患有1型糖尿病(T1D)的受试者中监测免疫耐受的维持,所述受试者接受或即将接受用由包埋T1D抗原的TIMP(TIMP-T1D)组成的抗原特异性耐受疗法进行的治疗。受试者在第1天和第8天间隔一周预计接受两剂TIMP-T1D。
简言之,可以通过在给药前第一次给予TIMP-T1D当天(第1天)、给予第二剂后14天,然后在第二剂后每90天(例如,第二剂后第90、180、270和360天)从受试者获得一个或多个全血样本来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。然后可以处理全血以分离PBMC、嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、血浆和血清,用于下游分析。
免疫耐受状态的以下指标可以通过从受试者收集的一个或多个血液样本中分离并用经纯化的T1D抗原性蛋白离体刺激的PBMC的测定来检查:
a.通过流式细胞术确定的PBMC中Treg/Tr1细胞(CD4+/CD25+/FoxP3+/Helios+/IL-10+)的频率。
b.通过流式细胞术确定的PBMC中PD-L1+巨噬细胞的频率。
c.通过流式细胞术确定的PBMC中CD206+巨噬细胞的频率。
d.用T1D抗原离体刺激的PBMC所产生的IL-10的水平。
e.用T1D抗原离体刺激的PBMC所产生的IFN-γ的水平。
免疫耐受状态的以下指标可以通过从受试者获得的一个或多个血液样本中分离的血清的测定来检查:T1D抗原特异性自身抗体的水平。
结合起来,来自上述分析的结果可用于确定免疫耐受标记以及受试者是否已经维持了免疫耐受。如果此类分析指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则可以对受试者重新给予TIMP-T1D以恢复免疫耐受。
例如,在T1D受试者中,给药前第1天时间点的Treg/Tr1细胞的频率预计为大约1%。用TIMP-T1D进行治疗预计将导致Treg/Tr1细胞的频率在第二剂后14天增加至2%至5%,指示免疫耐受的诱导。在随后的任何时间点(例如,给药后第90、180、270和360天),Treg/Tr1细胞的频率降低至1%或更低将指示免疫耐受的减弱,并需要重新给予TIMP-T1D以恢复免疫耐受。
在第1天的给药前样本中,PBMC中PD-L1+和CD206+巨噬细胞的频率预计为<1%。用TIMP-T1D进行治疗预计将在第二剂后14天诱导PD-L1+和CD206+巨噬细胞的频率增加至大约5%至10%。在随后的任何时间点(例如,给药后第90、180、270和360天),PD-L1+和CD206+的频率降低至<2%将指示免疫耐受的减弱,并需要重新给予TIMP-T1D以恢复免疫耐受。
当与给药前第1天的样本相比,用T1D抗原对PBMC的离体刺激预计在第二剂后14天收集的样本中诱导IL-10的水平2至10倍诱导,指示免疫耐受的诱导。与第二剂后14天收集的样本相比,在随后的任何给药后时间点收集的用T1D抗原离体刺激的PBMC产生的IL-10减少2至10倍,将指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,需要重新给予TIMP-T1D。
当与给药前第1天的时间点相比,用T1D抗原对PBMC的离体刺激预计导致第二剂后14天收集的样本中IFN-γ的水平减少2至10倍,指示免疫耐受的诱导。与第二剂后14天收集的样本相比,在随后的任何给药后时间点收集的用T1D抗原离体刺激的PBMC产生的IFN-γ增加2至10倍,将指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,需要重新给予TIMP-T1D。
当与给药前第1天的样本相比,用TIMP-T1D进行治疗预计导致第二剂后14天收集的血清样本中T1D特异性自身抗体的水平减少2至10倍,指示免疫耐受的成功诱导。与从第二剂后14天收集的血清样本中确定的水平相比,在随后的任何时间点收集的血清样本中T1D特异性自身抗体的水平增加2至4倍将指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,需要重新给予TIMP-T1D。
实例3
可以设想,可以在患有原发性胆管炎(PBC)的受试者中监测免疫耐受的维持,所述受试者接受或即将接受用由包埋PBC抗原的TIMP(TIMP-PBC)组成的抗原特异性耐受治疗法进行的治疗。预计受试者在第1天和第8天间隔一周接受两剂TIMP-PBC。
简言之,可以通过在给药前第一次给予TIMP-PBC当天(第1天)、给予第二剂后14天,然后在第二剂后每90天(例如,第二剂后第90、180、270和360天)从受试者获得一个或多个全血样本来确定受试者的免疫耐受状态。然后可以处理全血以分离PBMC、嗜碱性粒细胞、中性粒细胞、血浆和血清,用于下游分析。
以下免疫耐受状态的指标可以从用PBC疾病相关抗原(如PDC-E2160-175抗原表位)联合抗CD40抗体进行离体刺激12至14小时的PBMC中测定:
a.CD4+T效应细胞(CD4+CD154+CD137+)的频率。
b.抗原特异性CD8+Teff(CD8+CD69+CD137+)的频率。
c.抗原特异性Treg细胞(CD4+CD25+CD127-CD154-CD137+GARP+/-)的频率。
免疫耐受状态的以下指标可以通过从受试者获得的一个或多个血液样本中分离的血清的测定来检查:抗线粒体抗体的水平。
可以比较从给药前和每个给药后样本评估的来自上述参数的分析的结果以确定受试者是否已经维持了免疫耐受。如果此类分析指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则可以对受试者重新给予TIMP-T1D以恢复免疫耐受。
预计来自TIMP-PBC治疗之前收集的样本的经离体刺激的PBMC培养物中CD4+T效应细胞的频率将为大约20%至30%。在第二剂TIMP-PBC后14天收集的样本中,用TIMP-PBS进行治疗预计将CD4+T效应细胞的频率减少至大约10%至12%。在随后的时间点获得的样本中,CD4+T效应细胞的频率增加至15%至20%将指示免疫耐受的减弱,并需要重新给予TIMP-PBC以恢复免疫耐受。
预计来自TIMP-PBC治疗之前收集的样本的经离体刺激的PBMC培养物中抗原特异性效应CD8+Teff的频率将为大约30%至35%。在第二剂TIMP-PBC后14天收集的样本中,用TIMP-PBS进行治疗预计将CD8+T效应细胞的频率减少至大约10%至15%。在随后的时间点获得的样本中,CD8+T效应细胞的频率增加至15%至20%将指示免疫耐受的减弱,并需要重新给予TIMP-PBC以恢复免疫耐受。
预计来自TIMP-PBC治疗之前收集的样本的经离体刺激的PBMC培养物中抗原特异性Treg细胞的频率将为大约1%至2%。在第二剂TIMP-PBC后14天收集的样本中,用TIMP-PBS进行治疗预计将抗原特异性Treg细胞的频率增加至大约5%至10%。在随后的时间点获得的样本中,抗原特异性Treg细胞的频率降低至<2%将指示免疫耐受的减弱,并需要重新给予TIMP-PBC以恢复免疫耐受。
可以通过测定细胞表面标志物(CD4、CD45RA)、成熟标志物(CCR7、CD27)、体内活化标志物(CD38)、体外活化标志物(CD69、GARP、OX40)、耗竭标志物(TIGIT、PD1、KLRG1)和趋化因子受体(CRTH2、CXCR5、CXCR3、CCR6、CCR4)来进行T细胞另外的分析。
当与给药前第1天的样本相比,用TIMP-PBC进行治疗预计导致第二剂后14天收集的血清样本中抗线粒体抗体的水平减少2至10倍,指示免疫耐受的成功诱导。与从第二剂后14天收集的血清样本中确定的水平相比,在随后的任何时间点收集的血清样本中抗线粒体特异性抗体的水平增加2至4倍将指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,需要重新给予TIMP-PBC。
所属领域的技术人员预期会进行如阐述于上文说明性实例中的本发明中的大量修改和变化。因此,本发明应仅受所附权利要求书的限制。
序列表
<110> 库尔制药开发公司(COUR PHARMACEUTICALS DEVELOPMENT COMPANY INC.)
<120> 追踪免疫耐受的维持的方法
<130> 32821/55929/PC
<150> US 63/175,973
<151> 2021-04-16
<160> 25
<170> PatentIn版本3.5
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<211> 619
<212> PRT
<213> 花生(Arachis hypogaea)
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Gly Asn Gly Ile Glu Glu Thr Ile Cys Thr Ala Ser Ala Lys Lys Asn
325 330 335
Ile Gly Arg Asn Arg Ser Pro Asp Ile Tyr Asn Pro Gln Ala Gly Ser
340 345 350
Leu Lys Thr Ala Asn Asp Leu Asn Leu Leu Ile Leu Arg Trp Leu Gly
355 360 365
Pro Ser Ala Glu Tyr Gly Asn Leu Tyr Arg Asn Ala Leu Phe Val Ala
370 375 380
His Tyr Asn Thr Asn Ala His Ser Ile Ile Tyr Arg Leu Arg Gly Arg
385 390 395 400
Ala His Val Gln Val Val Asp Ser Asn Gly Asn Arg Val Tyr Asp Glu
405 410 415
Glu Leu Gln Glu Gly His Val Leu Val Val Pro Gln Asn Phe Ala Val
420 425 430
Ala Gly Lys Ser Gln Ser Glu Asn Phe Glu Tyr Val Ala Phe Lys Thr
435 440 445
Asp Ser Arg Pro Ser Ile Ala Asn Leu Ala Gly Glu Asn Ser Val Ile
450 455 460
Asp Asn Leu Pro Glu Glu Val Val Ala Asn Ser Tyr Gly Leu Gln Arg
465 470 475 480
Glu Gln Ala Arg Gln Leu Lys Asn Asn Asn Pro Phe Lys Phe Phe Val
485 490 495
Pro Pro Ser Gln Gln Ser Pro Arg Ala Val Ala
500 505
<210> 5
<211> 530
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 5
Met Ala Lys Leu Leu Glu Leu Ser Phe Cys Phe Cys Phe Leu Val Leu
1 5 10 15
Gly Ala Ser Ser Ile Ser Phe Arg Gln Gln Pro Glu Glu Asn Ala Cys
20 25 30
Gln Phe Gln Arg Leu Asn Ala Gln Arg Pro Asp Asn Arg Ile Glu Ser
35 40 45
Glu Gly Gly Tyr Ile Glu Thr Trp Asn Pro Asn Asn Gln Glu Phe Glu
50 55 60
Cys Ala Gly Val Ala Leu Ser Arg Leu Val Leu Arg Arg Asn Ala Leu
65 70 75 80
Arg Arg Pro Phe Tyr Ser Asn Ala Pro Gln Glu Ile Phe Ile Gln Gln
85 90 95
Gly Arg Gly Tyr Phe Gly Leu Ile Phe Pro Gly Cys Pro Ser Thr Tyr
100 105 110
Glu Glu Pro Ala Gln Gln Gly Arg Arg Tyr Gln Ser Gln Arg Pro Pro
115 120 125
Arg Arg Leu Gln Glu Glu Asp Gln Ser Gln Gln Gln Gln Asp Ser His
130 135 140
Gln Lys Val His Arg Phe Asn Glu Gly Asp Leu Ile Ala Val Pro Thr
145 150 155 160
Gly Val Ala Phe Trp Leu Tyr Asn Asp His Asp Thr Asp Val Val Ala
165 170 175
Val Ser Leu Thr Asp Thr Asn Asn Asn Asp Asn Gln Leu Asp Gln Phe
180 185 190
Pro Arg Arg Phe Asn Leu Ala Gly Asn His Glu Gln Glu Phe Leu Arg
195 200 205
Tyr Gln Gln Gln Ser Arg Gln Ser Arg Arg Arg Ser Leu Pro Tyr Ser
210 215 220
Pro Tyr Ser Pro His Ser Arg Pro Arg Arg Glu Glu Arg Glu Phe Arg
225 230 235 240
Pro Arg Gly Gln His Ser Arg Arg Glu Arg Ala Gly Gln Glu Glu Glu
245 250 255
Asp Glu Gly Gly Asn Ile Phe Ser Gly Phe Thr Pro Glu Phe Leu Glu
260 265 270
Gln Ala Phe Gln Val Asp Asp Arg Gln Ile Val Gln Asn Leu Trp Gly
275 280 285
Glu Asn Glu Ser Glu Glu Glu Gly Ala Ile Val Thr Val Arg Gly Gly
290 295 300
Leu Arg Ile Leu Ser Pro Asp Gly Thr Arg Gly Ala Asp Glu Glu Glu
305 310 315 320
Glu Tyr Asp Glu Asp Gln Tyr Glu Tyr His Glu Gln Asp Gly Arg Arg
325 330 335
Gly Arg Gly Ser Arg Gly Gly Gly Asn Gly Ile Glu Glu Thr Ile Cys
340 345 350
Thr Ala Cys Val Lys Lys Asn Ile Gly Gly Asn Arg Ser Pro His Ile
355 360 365
Tyr Asp Pro Gln Arg Trp Phe Thr Gln Asn Cys His Asp Leu Asn Leu
370 375 380
Leu Ile Leu Arg Trp Leu Gly Leu Ser Ala Glu Tyr Gly Asn Leu Tyr
385 390 395 400
Arg Asn Ala Leu Phe Val Pro His Tyr Asn Thr Asn Ala His Ser Ile
405 410 415
Ile Tyr Ala Leu Arg Gly Arg Ala His Val Gln Val Val Asp Ser Asn
420 425 430
Gly Asn Arg Val Tyr Asp Glu Glu Leu Gln Glu Gly His Val Leu Val
435 440 445
Val Pro Gln Asn Phe Ala Val Ala Gly Lys Ser Gln Ser Glu Asn Phe
450 455 460
Glu Tyr Val Ala Phe Lys Thr Asp Ser Arg Pro Ser Ile Ala Asn Phe
465 470 475 480
Ala Gly Glu Asn Ser Phe Ile Asp Asn Leu Pro Glu Glu Val Val Ala
485 490 495
Asn Ser Tyr Gly Leu Pro Arg Glu Gln Ala Arg Gln Leu Lys Asn Asn
500 505 510
Asn Pro Phe Lys Phe Phe Val Pro Pro Phe Gln Gln Ser Pro Arg Ala
515 520 525
Val Ala
530
<210> 6
<211> 131
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 6
Met Ser Trp Gln Thr Tyr Val Asp Asp His Leu Leu Cys Glu Ile Glu
1 5 10 15
Gly Asn His Leu Ser Ser Ala Ala Ile Leu Gly Gln Asp Gly Ser Val
20 25 30
Trp Ala Gln Ser Ser Asn Phe Pro Gln Phe Lys Pro Glu Glu Ile Thr
35 40 45
Ala Ile Met Asn Asp Phe Ala Glu Pro Gly Ser Leu Ala Pro Thr Gly
50 55 60
Leu Tyr Leu Gly Gly Thr Lys Tyr Met Val Ile Gln Gly Glu Pro Gly
65 70 75 80
Thr Val Ile Arg Gly Lys Lys Gly Pro Gly Gly Val Thr Ile Lys Lys
85 90 95
Thr Asn Gln Ala Leu Ile Ile Gly Ile Tyr Asp Glu Pro Met Thr Pro
100 105 110
Gly Gln Cys Asn Met Ile Val Glu Lys Leu Gly Asp Tyr Leu Ile Asp
115 120 125
Thr Gly Leu
130
<210> 7
<211> 145
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 7
Met Ala Lys Ser Thr Ile Leu Val Ala Leu Leu Ala Leu Val Leu Val
1 5 10 15
Ala His Ala Ser Ala Met Arg Arg Glu Arg Gly Arg Gln Gly Asp Ser
20 25 30
Ser Ser Cys Glu Arg Gln Val Asp Arg Val Asn Leu Lys Pro Cys Glu
35 40 45
Gln His Ile Met Gln Arg Ile Met Gly Glu Gln Glu Gln Tyr Asp Ser
50 55 60
Tyr Asp Ile Arg Ser Thr Arg Ser Ser Asp Gln Gln Gln Arg Cys Cys
65 70 75 80
Asp Glu Leu Asn Glu Met Glu Asn Thr Gln Arg Cys Met Cys Glu Ala
85 90 95
Leu Gln Gln Ile Met Glu Asn Gln Cys Asp Arg Leu Gln Asp Arg Gln
100 105 110
Met Val Gln Gln Phe Lys Arg Glu Leu Met Asn Leu Pro Gln Gln Cys
115 120 125
Asn Phe Arg Ala Pro Gln Arg Cys Asp Leu Asp Val Ser Gly Gly Arg
130 135 140
Cys
145
<210> 8
<211> 164
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 8
Met Val Lys Leu Ser Ile Leu Val Ala Leu Leu Gly Ala Leu Leu Val
1 5 10 15
Val Ala Ser Ala Thr Arg Trp Asp Pro Asp Arg Gly Ser Arg Gly Ser
20 25 30
Arg Trp Asp Ala Pro Ser Arg Gly Asp Asp Gln Cys Gln Arg Gln Leu
35 40 45
Gln Arg Ala Asn Leu Arg Pro Cys Glu Glu His Ile Arg Gln Arg Val
50 55 60
Glu Lys Glu Gln Glu Gln Glu Gln Asp Glu Tyr Pro Tyr Ile Gln Arg
65 70 75 80
Gly Ser Arg Gly Gln Arg Pro Gly Glu Ser Asp Glu Asp Gln Glu Gln
85 90 95
Arg Cys Cys Asn Glu Leu Asn Arg Phe Gln Asn Asn Gln Arg Cys Met
100 105 110
Cys Gln Ala Leu Gln Gln Ile Leu Gln Asn Gln Ser Phe Arg Phe Gln
115 120 125
Gln Asp Arg Ser Gln Leu His Gln Met Glu Arg Glu Leu Arg Asn Leu
130 135 140
Pro Gln Asn Cys Gly Phe Arg Ser Pro Ser Arg Cys Asp Leu Ser Ser
145 150 155 160
Arg Thr Pro Tyr
<210> 9
<211> 157
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 9
Met Gly Val Phe Thr Phe Glu Asp Glu Ile Thr Ser Thr Val Pro Pro
1 5 10 15
Ala Lys Leu Tyr Asn Ala Met Lys Asp Ala Asp Ser Ile Thr Pro Lys
20 25 30
Ile Ile Asp Asp Val Lys Ser Val Glu Ile Val Glu Gly Asn Gly Gly
35 40 45
Pro Gly Thr Ile Lys Lys Leu Thr Ile Val Glu Asp Gly Glu Thr Lys
50 55 60
Phe Ile Leu His Lys Val Glu Ser Ile Asp Glu Ala Asn Tyr Ala Tyr
65 70 75 80
Asn Tyr Ser Val Val Gly Gly Val Ala Leu Pro Pro Thr Ala Glu Lys
85 90 95
Ile Thr Phe Glu Thr Lys Leu Val Glu Gly Pro Asn Gly Gly Ser Ile
100 105 110
Gly Lys Leu Thr Leu Lys Tyr His Thr Lys Gly Asp Ala Lys Pro Asp
115 120 125
Glu Glu Glu Leu Lys Lys Gly Lys Ala Lys Gly Glu Gly Leu Phe Arg
130 135 140
Ala Ile Glu Gly Tyr Val Leu Ala Asn Pro Thr Gln Tyr
145 150 155
<210> 10
<211> 116
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 10
Met Ala Ser Leu Lys Phe Ala Phe Val Met Leu Val Cys Met Ala Met
1 5 10 15
Val Gly Ala Pro Met Val Asn Ala Ile Ser Cys Gly Gln Val Asn Ser
20 25 30
Ala Leu Ala Pro Cys Ile Pro Phe Leu Thr Lys Gly Gly Ala Pro Pro
35 40 45
Pro Ala Cys Cys Ser Gly Val Arg Gly Leu Leu Gly Ala Leu Arg Thr
50 55 60
Thr Ala Asp Arg Gln Ala Ala Cys Asn Cys Leu Lys Ala Ala Ala Gly
65 70 75 80
Ser Leu Arg Gly Leu Asn Gln Gly Asn Ala Ala Ala Leu Pro Gly Arg
85 90 95
Cys Gly Val Ser Ile Pro Tyr Lys Ile Ser Thr Ser Thr Asn Cys Ala
100 105 110
Thr Ile Lys Phe
115
<210> 11
<211> 92
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 11
Leu Ser Cys Gly Gln Val Asn Ser Ala Leu Ala Pro Cys Ile Thr Phe
1 5 10 15
Leu Thr Lys Gly Gly Val Pro Ser Gly Pro Cys Cys Ser Gly Val Arg
20 25 30
Gly Leu Leu Gly Ala Ala Lys Thr Thr Ala Asp Arg Gln Ala Ala Cys
35 40 45
Asn Cys Leu Lys Ala Ala Ala Gly Ser Leu His Gly Leu Asn Gln Gly
50 55 60
Asn Ala Ala Ala Leu Pro Gly Arg Cys Gly Val Ser Ile Pro Tyr Lys
65 70 75 80
Ile Ser Thr Ser Thr Asn Cys Ala Thr Ile Lys Phe
85 90
<210> 12
<211> 169
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 12
Met Thr Asp Arg Thr Gln Pro His Thr Val Gln Val His Thr Thr Ala
1 5 10 15
Gly Arg Phe Gly Asp Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Asn Arg Tyr Pro Asp Arg
20 25 30
Gly Pro Ser Thr Ser Lys Val Ile Ala Val Ile Thr Gly Leu Pro Ile
35 40 45
Gly Gly Thr Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Gly Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Thr Leu
50 55 60
Leu Gly Leu Ala Val Thr Thr Pro Leu Phe Ile Leu Phe Ser Pro Val
65 70 75 80
Ile Val Pro Ala Ile Ile Val Val Gly Leu Ser Val Ala Gly Phe Leu
85 90 95
Thr Ser Gly Ala Cys Gly Leu Thr Gly Leu Ser Ser Phe Ser Trp Val
100 105 110
Met Asn Tyr Ile Arg Gln Thr His Gly Ser Val Pro Glu Gln Leu Glu
115 120 125
Met Ala Lys His Arg Met Ala Asp Val Ala Gly Tyr Val Gly Gln Lys
130 135 140
Thr Lys Asp Val Gly Gln Lys Thr Lys Glu Val Gly Gln Glu Ile Gln
145 150 155 160
Thr Lys Ala Gln Asp Ser Lys Arg Thr
165
<210> 13
<211> 150
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 13
Met Thr Asp Arg Thr Gln Pro His Ala Val Gln Val His Thr Thr Ala
1 5 10 15
Gly Arg Phe Gly Asp Thr Ala Ala Gly Thr Asn Arg Tyr Ala Asp Arg
20 25 30
Gly Pro Ser Thr Ser Lys Val Ile Ala Val Ile Thr Gly Leu Pro Ile
35 40 45
Gly Gly Thr Leu Leu Leu Phe Ala Gly Leu Ala Leu Ala Gly Thr Leu
50 55 60
Leu Gly Leu Ala Val Thr Thr Pro Leu Phe Ile Leu Phe Ser Pro Val
65 70 75 80
Ile Val Pro Ala Thr Ile Val Val Gly Leu Ser Val Ala Gly Phe Leu
85 90 95
Thr Ser Gly Ala Cys Gly Leu Thr Gly Leu Ser Ser Phe Ser Trp Val
100 105 110
Met Asn Tyr Ile Arg Gln Thr His Gly Ser Val Pro Glu Gln Leu Glu
115 120 125
Met Ala Lys His Arg Met Ala Asp Val Ala Gly Tyr Val Gly Gln Lys
130 135 140
Thr Lys Asp Val Gly Gln
145 150
<210> 14
<211> 137
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 14
Met Ala Glu Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Gly Gly Arg Gln Arg Gln Glu Gln Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Ser Thr Gln Leu Val Lys Ala Thr Thr Ala Val Val Ala Gly Gly
20 25 30
Ser Leu Leu Ile Leu Ala Gly Leu Val Leu Ala Gly Thr Val Ile Gly
35 40 45
Leu Thr Thr Ile Thr Pro Leu Phe Val Ile Phe Ser Pro Val Leu Val
50 55 60
Pro Ala Val Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Gly Leu Gly Phe Leu Ala Ser
65 70 75 80
Gly Gly Phe Gly Val Ala Ala Ile Thr Val Leu Thr Trp Ile Tyr Arg
85 90 95
Tyr Val Thr Gly Lys His Pro Pro Gly Ala Asn Gln Leu Asp Thr Ala
100 105 110
Arg His Lys Leu Met Gly Lys Ala Arg Glu Ile Lys Asp Phe Gly Gln
115 120 125
Gln Gln Thr Ser Gly Ala Gln Ala Ser
130 135
<210> 15
<211> 137
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 15
Met Ala Glu Ala Leu Tyr Tyr Gly Gly Arg Gln Arg Gln Asp Gln Pro
1 5 10 15
Arg Ser Thr Gln Leu Val Lys Ala Thr Thr Ala Val Val Ala Gly Gly
20 25 30
Ser Leu Leu Ile Leu Ala Gly Leu Val Leu Ala Ala Thr Val Ile Gly
35 40 45
Leu Thr Thr Ile Thr Pro Leu Phe Val Ile Phe Ser Pro Val Leu Val
50 55 60
Pro Ala Val Ile Thr Val Ala Leu Leu Gly Leu Gly Phe Leu Ala Ser
65 70 75 80
Gly Gly Phe Gly Val Ala Ala Ile Thr Val Leu Thr Trp Ile Tyr Arg
85 90 95
Tyr Val Thr Gly Lys His Pro Pro Gly Ala Asn Gln Leu Asp Thr Ala
100 105 110
Arg His Lys Leu Met Ser Lys Ala Arg Glu Ile Lys Asp Tyr Gly Gln
115 120 125
Gln Gln Thr Ser Gly Ala Gln Ala Ser
130 135
<210> 16
<211> 71
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 16
Lys Thr Val Ala Gly Phe Cys Ile Phe Phe Leu Val Leu Phe Leu Ala
1 5 10 15
Gln Glu Gly Val Val Lys Thr Glu Ala Lys Leu Cys Asn His Leu Ala
20 25 30
Asp Thr Tyr Arg Gly Pro Cys Phe Thr Asn Ala Ser Cys Asp Asp His
35 40 45
Cys Lys Asn Lys Glu His Phe Val Ser Gly Thr Cys Met Lys Met Ala
50 55 60
Cys Trp Cys Ala His Asn Cys
65 70
<210> 17
<211> 79
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 17
Val Gln Lys Arg Thr Ile Ile Met Glu Lys Lys Met Ala Gly Phe Cys
1 5 10 15
Ile Phe Phe Leu Ile Leu Phe Leu Ala Gln Glu Tyr Gly Val Glu Gly
20 25 30
Lys Glu Cys Leu Asn Leu Ser Asp Lys Phe Lys Gly Pro Cys Leu Gly
35 40 45
Ser Lys Asn Cys Asp His His Cys Arg Asp Ile Glu His Leu Leu Ser
50 55 60
Gly Val Cys Arg Asp Asp Phe Arg Cys Trp Cys Asn Arg Lys Cys
65 70 75
<210> 18
<211> 72
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 18
Met Glu Lys Lys Met Ala Gly Phe Cys Ile Phe Phe Leu Val Leu Phe
1 5 10 15
Leu Ala Gln Glu Tyr Gly Val Glu Gly Lys Val Cys Leu Asn Leu Ser
20 25 30
Asp Lys Phe Lys Gly Pro Cys Leu Gly Thr Lys Asn Cys Asp His His
35 40 45
Cys Arg Asp Ile Glu His Leu Leu Ser Gly Val Cys Arg Asp Asp Phe
50 55 60
Arg Cys Trp Cys Asn Arg Asn Cys
65 70
<210> 19
<211> 176
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 19
Met Ala Thr Ala Thr Asp Arg Ala Pro His Gln Val Gln Val His Thr
1 5 10 15
Pro Thr Thr Gln Arg Val Asp Val Pro Arg Arg Gly Tyr Asp Val Ser
20 25 30
Gly Gly Gly Ile Lys Thr Leu Leu Pro Glu Arg Gly Pro Ser Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gln Ile Ile Ala Val Leu Val Gly Val Pro Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Leu
50 55 60
Leu Leu Ser Gly Leu Ser Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile Ile Gly Leu Ala Ile
65 70 75 80
Ala Thr Pro Val Phe Thr Phe Phe Ser Pro Val Ile Val Pro Ala Val
85 90 95
Val Thr Ile Gly Leu Ala Val Thr Gly Ile Leu Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys
100 105 110
Gly Leu Thr Gly Leu Met Ser Leu Ser Trp Met Ile Asn Phe Ile Arg
115 120 125
Gln Val His Gly Thr Thr Val Pro Asp Gln Leu Asp Ser Val Lys Arg
130 135 140
Arg Met Ala Asp Met Ala Asp Tyr Val Gly Gln Lys Thr Lys Asp Ala
145 150 155 160
Gly Gln Gln Ile Gln Thr Lys Ala Gln Asp Val Lys Arg Ser Ser Ser
165 170 175
<210> 20
<211> 176
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 20
Met Ala Thr Ala Thr Asp Arg Ala Pro His Gln Val Gln Val His Thr
1 5 10 15
Pro Thr Thr Gln Arg Val Asp Val Gln Arg Arg Gly Tyr Asp Val Ser
20 25 30
Gly Gly Gly Val Lys Thr Phe Leu Pro Asp Arg Gly Pro Ser Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gln Ile Ile Ala Val Leu Val Gly Val Pro Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Leu
50 55 60
Leu Leu Ser Gly Leu Ser Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile Ile Gly Leu Ala Ile
65 70 75 80
Ala Thr Pro Val Phe Thr Phe Phe Ser Pro Val Ile Val Pro Ala Val
85 90 95
Val Thr Ile Gly Leu Ala Val Ile Gly Ile Leu Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys
100 105 110
Gly Leu Thr Gly Leu Met Ser Leu Ser Trp Met Ile Asn Phe Ile Arg
115 120 125
Gln Val His Gly Thr Thr Val Pro Asp Gln Leu Asp Ser Ala Lys Arg
130 135 140
Arg Met Ala Asp Met Ala Asp Tyr Val Gly Gln Lys Thr Lys Asp Ala
145 150 155 160
Gly Gln Glu Ile Gln Thr Lys Ala Gln Asp Val Lys Arg Ser Ser Ser
165 170 175
<210> 21
<211> 176
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 21
Met Ala Thr Ala Thr Asp Arg Ala Pro His Gln Val Gln Val His Thr
1 5 10 15
Pro Thr Thr Gln Arg Val Asp Val Pro Arg Arg Gly Tyr Asp Val Ser
20 25 30
Gly Gly Gly Ile Lys Thr Leu Leu Pro Glu Arg Gly Pro Ser Thr Ser
35 40 45
Gln Ile Ile Ala Val Leu Val Gly Val Pro Thr Gly Gly Thr Leu Leu
50 55 60
Leu Leu Ser Gly Leu Ser Leu Leu Gly Thr Ile Ile Gly Leu Ala Ile
65 70 75 80
Ala Thr Pro Val Phe Ile Phe Phe Ser Pro Val Ile Val Pro Ala Val
85 90 95
Val Thr Ile Gly Leu Ala Val Thr Gly Ile Leu Thr Ala Gly Ala Cys
100 105 110
Gly Leu Thr Gly Leu Met Ser Leu Ser Trp Met Ile Asn Phe Ile Arg
115 120 125
Gln Val His Gly Thr Thr Val Pro Asp Gln Leu Asp Ser Val Lys Arg
130 135 140
Arg Met Ala Asp Met Ala Asp Tyr Val Gly Gln Lys Thr Lys Asp Ala
145 150 155 160
Gly Gln Glu Ile Gln Thr Lys Ala Gln Asp Val Lys Arg Ser Ser Ser
165 170 175
<210> 22
<211> 166
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 22
Met Ser Asp Gln Thr Arg Thr Gly Tyr Gly Gly Gly Gly Ser Tyr Gly
1 5 10 15
Ser Ser Tyr Gly Gly Gly Gly Thr Tyr Gly Ser Ser Tyr Gly Thr Ser
20 25 30
Tyr Asp Pro Ser Thr Asn Gln Pro Ile Arg Gln Ala Ile Lys Phe Met
35 40 45
Thr Ala Ser Thr Ile Gly Val Ser Phe Leu Ile Leu Ser Gly Leu Ile
50 55 60
Leu Thr Gly Thr Val Ile Gly Leu Ile Ile Ala Thr Pro Leu Leu Val
65 70 75 80
Ile Phe Ser Pro Ile Leu Val Pro Ala Ala Ile Thr Leu Ala Leu Ala
85 90 95
Ala Gly Gly Phe Leu Phe Ser Gly Gly Cys Gly Val Ala Ala Ile Ala
100 105 110
Ala Leu Ser Trp Leu Tyr Ser Tyr Val Thr Gly Lys His Pro Ala Gly
115 120 125
Ser Asp Arg Leu Asp Tyr Ala Lys Gly Val Ile Ala Asp Lys Ala Arg
130 135 140
Asp Val Lys Asp Arg Ala Lys Asp Tyr Ala Gly Ala Gly Arg Ala Gln
145 150 155 160
Glu Gly Thr Pro Gly Tyr
165
<210> 23
<211> 68
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 23
Val Thr Cys Thr Pro Thr Glu Leu Ser Pro Cys Leu Gly Ala Ile Thr
1 5 10 15
Gly Gly Ser Pro Pro Ser Ser Val Cys Cys Gln Lys Leu Arg Ala Gln
20 25 30
Lys Pro Cys Leu Cys Asn Tyr Ile Lys Asn Pro Ala Leu Arg Thr Tyr
35 40 45
Val Asn Ser Pro Gly Ala Arg Arg Val Ala Ser Ser Cys Gly Val Pro
50 55 60
Leu Pro Ser Cys
65
<210> 24
<211> 93
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 24
Ala Ile Gln Cys Ser Phe Val Thr Lys Ser Ile Ala Pro Cys Phe Gly
1 5 10 15
Tyr Leu Lys Ser Gly Gly Thr Val Ser Gly Pro Cys Cys Ser Gly Ile
20 25 30
Gln Asn Ile Asn Gly Thr Ala Lys Thr Thr Ser Asp Arg Gln Ala Val
35 40 45
Cys Asn Cys Leu Lys Ser Ala Ala Ala Ser Leu Gly Ser Gln Ile Asn
50 55 60
Pro Asn Asn Ala Ala Ser Leu Pro Gly Lys Cys Gly Val Ser Ile Pro
65 70 75 80
Tyr Lys Ile Ser Thr Ser Ile Asn Cys Ser Ser Ile Lys
85 90
<210> 25
<211> 226
<212> PRT
<213> 花生
<400> 25
Met Ala Asn Pro Arg Val Phe Phe Asp Met Thr Ile Gly Gly Gln Pro
1 5 10 15
Ala Gly Arg Ile Ile Met Glu Leu Phe Ala Asp Thr Thr Pro Arg Thr
20 25 30
Ala Glu Asn Phe Arg Ala Leu Cys Thr Gly Glu Lys Gly Val Gly Arg
35 40 45
Ser Gly Lys Pro Leu His Tyr Lys Gly Ser Ser Phe His Arg Val Ile
50 55 60
Pro Asn Phe Met Cys Gln Gly Gly Asp Phe Thr Ala Gly Asn Gly Thr
65 70 75 80
Gly Gly Glu Ser Ile Tyr Gly Ser Lys Phe Ala Asp Glu Asn Phe Ile
85 90 95
Lys Lys His Thr Gly Pro Gly Ile Leu Ser Met Ala Asn Ala Gly Gln
100 105 110
Asn Thr Asn Gly Ser Gln Phe Phe Ile Cys Thr Ala Lys Thr Glu Trp
115 120 125
Leu Asp Gly Lys His Val Val Phe Gly Gln Val Val Glu Gly Leu Asp
130 135 140
Val Val Arg Glu Ile Glu Lys Val Gly Ser Ser Ser Gly Arg Thr Ser
145 150 155 160
Lys Pro Val Val Val Ala Asp Cys Gly Gln Leu Cys Asn Ala Lys Leu
165 170 175
Thr Met Ser Trp Gly Asn Gly Ala Tyr Arg Lys Ser Leu Gln Val Gln
180 185 190
Gly Val Val Ile Gly Gln Arg Asp Ala Asn Ser Met Ser Glu Gln Ala
195 200 205
Gln Phe Ala Phe Val Val Ser Phe Val Thr Gln Ile Met Lys Ile Gln
210 215 220
Ser Ser
225
Claims (46)
1.一种用于监测正在接受疾病或病状免疫耐受治疗的受试者的免疫耐受状态的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
(a)在给予治疗之前,从所述受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的所述免疫耐受状态;
(b)在给予治疗之后,从所述受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的所述免疫耐受状态;和
(c)在给予治疗之后,每隔一定时间从所述受试者获得一个或多个生物样本以及通过测定所述生物样本来确定所述受试者的所述免疫耐受状态;
(d)将来自步骤(c)中所述一个或多个生物样本的所述测定的结果与步骤(a)和/或(b)的结果进行比较以产生免疫耐受标记;和
(e)如果所述免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则重新给予所述耐受治疗。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述疾病或病状选自由以下组成的群组:炎性病状、自身免疫性病状、过敏、异常免疫应答、溶酶体储积疾病、酶缺乏症、蛋白缺乏症、遗传性病症,且/或是移植受体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中所述自身免疫性病状选自由以下组成的群组:特应性特应性皮炎、多发性硬化症、自身免疫性脊髓炎、脊髓炎、横贯性脊髓炎、视神经脊髓炎(NMO)、视神经髓鞘谱系障碍(NMSOD)、1型糖尿病(T1D)、2型糖尿病(T2D)、乳糜泻(CD)、格雷夫病、重症肌无力、急性播散性脑脊髓炎、艾迪森病、脱发、类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、自身免疫性心肌炎、自身免疫性嗜中性白血球减少症、自身免疫性皮肤病、自身免疫性葡萄膜炎、大疱性类天疱疮、白塞氏综合征、脑变性、慢性神经病变、瘢痕性类天疱疮、寻常性天疱疮、克罗恩氏病、炎性肠病(IBD)、炎性肠综合征(IBS)、寒冷病、疱疹样皮炎、伊顿-兰伯特病、脑脊髓炎、获得性大疱性表皮松解症、结节性红斑、肾小球肾炎、古德帕斯彻病、肉芽肿病、格林-巴利综合征、桥本氏病、川崎病、溶血性贫血、过敏性血管炎、红斑狼疮、混合性结蒂组织病、混合原发性冷球蛋白血症、多灶性运动神经病、眼阵挛-肌阵挛、类肿瘤性天疱疮、妊娠性类天疱疮、落叶型天疱疮、恶性贫血、外周胆汁性肝硬化(PBC)、多血管炎重叠综合征、结节性多动脉炎、多腺性衰竭、多腺性综合征、多发性肌炎/皮肌炎、银屑病、湿疹、视网膜病变、雷诺综合征、结节病、1型硬皮病、硬化性胆管炎、干燥综合征、僵人综合征、高安氏动脉炎、颞动脉炎、甲状腺炎、溃疡性结肠炎、免疫性血小板减少性紫癜、血栓性血小板减少症紫癜、自身免疫性肝炎、原发性胆汁性胆管炎、ANCA疾病、肉芽肿性多血管炎和显微镜下多血管炎。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中所述免疫耐受治疗包括选自由以下组成的群组的抗原:一种或多种自身免疫抗原、过敏原、酶置换疗法、蛋白疗法、移植抗原和基因疗法载体。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种自身免疫抗原选自由以下组成的群组:髓鞘碱性蛋白、乙酰胆碱受体、内源性抗原、髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白(MOG)、髓鞘碱性蛋白(MBP)、蛋白脂质蛋白(PLP)、髓鞘相关糖蛋白(MAG)、环核苷酸磷酸水解酶、胰腺β细胞抗原、胰岛素、胰岛素原、胰岛特异性葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶催化亚基相关蛋白(IGRP)、谷氨酸脱羧酶(GAD)、11型胶原蛋白、人软骨gp39、fp130-RAPS、纤维蛋白、小核仁蛋白、甲状腺刺激因子受体、组蛋白、糖蛋白gp70、丙酮酸脱氢酶脱氢脂酰胺乙酰转移酶(PCD-E2)、毛囊抗原、水通道蛋白4、桥粒芯蛋白1、桥粒芯蛋白3、烟碱型乙酰胆碱受体、醇溶蛋白、ADAMTS13、GPIIb/GPIIIa、CYP2D6、BP180、NC16、BP230、Ro60、MPO、促甲状腺激素受体和人原肌球蛋白亚型5。
6.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种过敏原选自由以下组成的群组:百喜草花粉(BaGP)、桃过敏原、牛奶过敏原、芹菜过敏原、坚果过敏原、牛血清白蛋白、榛子过敏原、卵清蛋白、鸡蛋过敏原、花生过敏原、鱼类过敏原、贝类过敏原和日本柳杉花粉。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述免疫耐受治疗是抗原特异性的。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中所述免疫耐受治疗选自由以下组成的群组:口服免疫疗法(OIT)、皮下免疫疗法(SCIT)、舌下免疫疗法(SLIT)和免疫耐受纳米药品。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中所述免疫耐受纳米药品包含耐受免疫修饰粒子(TIMP)。
10.根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(a)至(c)中任一步骤的所述生物样本在给予所述治疗之前或之后1至7天、1至4周和/或1至12个月获得。
11.根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的方法,其中所述一个或多个生物样本选自由以下组成的群组:全血、外周血、外周血单核细胞(PBMC)、血清、血浆、尿液、脑脊液(CSF)、粪便、组织活检和骨髓活检。
12.根据权利要求1至13中任一项所述的方法,其中所述一个或多个生物样本的所述测定选自由以下组成的群组:分析细胞、细胞表面蛋白、细胞外蛋白、细胞内蛋白、核酸、代谢物及其组合。
13.根据权利要求14所述的方法,其中所述细胞为免疫细胞和/或非免疫细胞。
14.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述免疫细胞为先天免疫细胞和/或适应性免疫细胞。
15.根据权利要求15或16所述的方法,其中所述免疫细胞选自由以下组成的群组:单核细胞、巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞、粒细胞、树突状细胞、肥大细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞和NK-T细胞。
16.根据权利要求17所述的方法,其中所述T细胞为T1细胞、T2a细胞、Treg细胞、Tr1细胞和/或Teff细胞。
17.根据权利要求15所述的方法,其中所述非免疫细胞选自由以下组成的群组:上皮细胞、基质细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、周细胞、脂肪细胞、间充质干细胞、造血干细胞、造血祖细胞、肝窦内皮细胞(LSEC)和/或库普弗细胞。
18.根据权利要求1至19中任一项所述的方法,其中步骤(a)中的所述一个或多个生物样本的所述测定用于确定所述受试者在基线时的所述免疫耐受状态。
19.根据权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述受试者在基线时的所述免疫耐受状态是通过将来自步骤(a)中所述一个或多个生物样本的所述测定的所述结果与从健康受试者获得的样本的所述测定进行比较来确定。
20.根据权利要求20或21所述的方法,其中所述受试者在基线时的所述免疫耐受状态用于确定是否对所述受试者给予耐受治疗。
21.根据权利要求20至23中任一项所述的方法,其中所述受试者在基线时的所述免疫耐受状态指示免疫耐受弱或不存在所述免疫耐受。
22.根据权利要求20至24中任一项所述的方法,其中如果所述受试者在基线时的所述免疫耐受状态指示免疫耐受弱或不存在所述免疫耐受,则对所述受试者给予治疗。
23.根据权利要求1至25中任一项所述的方法,其中如果来自步骤(c)中的测定的所述结果与来自步骤(a)和/或(b)中所述测定的所述结果相比指示免疫耐受的减弱和/或丧失,则在步骤(e)中对所述受试者重新给予治疗。
24.根据权利要求1至26中任一项所述的方法,其中使用从所述受试者获得并在体内和/或离体刺激的一个或多个生物样本中测定的以下参数中的一个或多个参数来产生受试者的所述免疫耐受标记:
a.效应T细胞占总T细胞群的比例;
b.Treg细胞占总T细胞群的比例;
c.效应B细胞占总B细胞群的比例;
d.特异性IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比;
e.炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
g.炎性代谢物的水平;和/或
h.抗炎代谢物的水平。
25.根据权利要求27所述的方法,其中如果(a)至(h)中所列出的2、3、4、5、6、7或8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则所述免疫耐受标记指示免疫耐受的维持。
26.根据权利要求28所述的方法,其中如果(a)至(h)中所列出的至少2/8个参数指示免疫耐受的维持,则确定所述受试者不需要用TIMP进行治疗。
27.根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的方法,其中如果免疫耐受在至少一个免疫耐受参数中减弱和/或丧失约5%至100%,则对所述受试者重新给予治疗。
28.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中所述至少一个免疫耐受参数选自由以下组成的群组:
a.效应T细胞占所述总T细胞群的比例;
b.Treg细胞占所述总T细胞群的比例;
c.效应B细胞占所述总B细胞群的比例;
d.特异性IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比;
e.炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
g.炎性代谢物的水平;和/或
h.抗炎代谢物的水平,
所述参数从所述受试者获得并在体内和/或离体刺激的一个或多个生物样本中进行测定。
29.根据权利要求30所述的方法,其中免疫耐受减弱和/或丧失5%、约10%、约15%、约20%、约25%、约30%、约35%、约40%、约45%、约50%、约55%、约60%、约65%、约70%、约75%、约80%、约85%、约90%、约95%或约100%。
30.根据权利要求1至29中任一项所述的方法,其中如果步骤(d)的结果指示免疫耐受在至少一个免疫耐受参数中减弱和/或丧失约2至100倍,则在步骤(e)中对所述受试者重新给予治疗。
31.根据权利要求33所述的方法,其中所述至少一个免疫耐受参数选自由以下组成的群组:
a.效应T细胞占所述总T细胞群的比例;
b.Treg细胞占所述总T细胞群的比例;
c.效应B细胞占所述总B细胞群的比例;
d.特异性IgG、IgA、IgM和/或IgE的水平和/或比;
e.炎性细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
f.抗炎细胞因子和趋化因子的水平;
g.炎性代谢物的水平;和/或
h.抗炎代谢物的水平,
所述参数从所述受试者获得并在体内和/或离体刺激的一个或多个生物样本中进行测定。
32.根据权利要求33或34所述的方法,其中免疫耐受减弱和/或丧失约2、5、10、15、20、25、30、35、40、45、50、55、60、65、70、75、80、85、90、95或100倍。
33.根据权利要求1至35中任一项所述的方法,其中在步骤(e)中给予的所述治疗为TIMP。
34.根据权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述TIMP以介于约0.1mg/kg和12mg/kg之间的剂量水平给予。
35.根据权利要求37所述的方法,其中所述TIMP以约0.1mg/kg、0.25mg/kg、0.5mg/kg、0.75mg/kg、1.0mg/kg、1.25mg/kg、1.5mg/kg、2.0mg/kg、2.5mg/kg、3mg/kg、3.5mg/kg、4.0mg/kg、4.5mg/kg、5mg/kg、5.5mg/kg、6mg/kg、6.5mg/kg、7mg/kg、7.5mg/kg、8.0mg/kg、8.5mg/kg、9mg/kg、9.5mg/kg、10mg/kg、10.5mg/kg、11mg/kg、11.5mg/kg或12mg/kg的剂量水平给予。
36.根据权利要求36所述的方法,其中所述TIMP以介于约50mg和800mg之间的剂量水平给予。
37.根据权利要求39所述的方法,其中所述TIMP以约50mg、75mg、100mg、125mg、150mg、175mg、200mg、225mg、250mg、275mg、300mg、325mg、350mg、375mg、400mg、425mg、450mg、500mg、525mg、550mg、575mg、600mg、625mg、650mg、675mg、700mg、725mg、750mg、775mg或800mg的剂量水平给予。
38.根据权利要求36至40中任一项所述的方法,其中所述TIMP以单剂量或多剂量给予。
39.根据权利要求36至41中任一项所述的方法,其中所述TIMP每周给予一次、每两周给予一次、每三周给予一次、每4周给予一次、每两个月给予一次、每三个月给予一个、每6个月给予一次或每年给予一次。
40.根据权利要求36至42中任一项所述的方法,其中所述TIMP通过静脉内、皮下、肌肉内、腹膜内、鼻内或口服给予。
41.根据权利要求1至43中任一项所述的方法,其中通过在一种或多种刺激后测定一个或多个生物样本来确定所述耐受状态。
42.根据权利要求44所述的方法,其中所述刺激是体内和/或离体提供的。
43.根据权利要求44或45所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种刺激选自由以下组成的群组:一种或多种抗原、过敏原和活化剂。
44.根据权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述抗原和所述过敏原与正在治疗的所述疾病或病状相关联。
45.根据权利要求47所述的方法,其中所述抗原和所述过敏原与正在治疗的所述疾病或病状无关联。
46.根据权利要求46所述的方法,其中所述一种或多种活化剂选自由以下组成的群组:抗体、化学药剂、病毒组分和细菌组分。
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