JP7379155B2 - 酸化バナジウム及び鉄含有分子篩を収容するscr触媒デバイス - Google Patents
酸化バナジウム及び鉄含有分子篩を収容するscr触媒デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- JP7379155B2 JP7379155B2 JP2019533162A JP2019533162A JP7379155B2 JP 7379155 B2 JP7379155 B2 JP 7379155B2 JP 2019533162 A JP2019533162 A JP 2019533162A JP 2019533162 A JP2019533162 A JP 2019533162A JP 7379155 B2 JP7379155 B2 JP 7379155B2
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- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 title claims description 122
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 87
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 43
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 28
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 302
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 132
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 100
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 46
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 52
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 30
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 30
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 24
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- SKAXWKNRKROCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Ce] Chemical compound [V].[Ce] SKAXWKNRKROCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 10
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 9
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- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 4
- VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VCJMYUPGQJHHFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 urea Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229910017090 AlO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012695 Ce precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical class [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004283 SiO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GHTGICGKYCGOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum silicon(4+) phosphate Chemical class [Al+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Si+4] GHTGICGKYCGOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J35/19—Catalysts containing parts with different compositions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/20—Vanadium, niobium or tantalum
- B01J23/22—Vanadium
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/16—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of arsenic, antimony, bismuth, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, polonium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, technetium or rhenium
- B01J23/24—Chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- B01J23/30—Tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/7615—Zeolite Beta
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/024—Multiple impregnation or coating
- B01J37/0244—Coatings comprising several layers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
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Description
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2(1)
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O(2)
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O(3)
約180℃~600℃の温度範囲、特に低温におけるNO2リッチな排気ガスでの高度の効率、及び亜酸化窒素の生成の回避での高度の効率。
驚くべきことに、本発明の基礎にある目的は、特許請求の範囲に記載の、触媒デバイス、使用、及び方法によって達成される。
(a)0.5~10重量%の酸化バナジウム、V2O5として計算、
(b)0.2~10重量%の酸化セリウム、CeO2として計算、
(c)0~17重量%の酸化タングステン、WO3として計算、
(d)25~98重量%の酸化チタン、TiO2として計算、
(e)0~15重量%の酸化ケイ素、SiO2として計算、
(f)0~15重量%の酸化アルミニウム、Al2O3として計算、
を収容するか、又はそれからなる。
(a)1~5重量%の酸化バナジウム、V2O5として計算、
(b)1~15重量%の酸化タングステン、WO3として計算、
(c)0.5~5重量%の酸化セリウム、CeO2として計算、
(d)73~98重量%の酸化チタン、及び
(e)0~25重量%の二酸化ケイ素、
を収容するか、又はそれからなり、酸化セリウム+酸化タングステンの割合の合計は、<17重量%である。
(i)本発明による触媒デバイスを準備する工程と、
(ii)窒素酸化物含有排気ガスを触媒デバイスに導入する工程と、
(iii)窒素を含有する還元剤を、触媒デバイスに導入する工程と、
(iv)触媒デバイスにおいて、窒素酸化物を選択的触媒還元(SCR)によって還元する工程と、を含む、方法である。
予備試験
図1及び図2は、SCR触媒のセリウム含有量に対する、一酸化窒素の変換率の依存性、又は二酸化窒素(NO2/NOx=75%)の変換率の依存性を示しており、それぞれ、図1又は図2を参照されたい。
参照=3%のV2O5、4.3%のWO3、及び残部のTiO2と、5%のSiO2とで作製されたSCR触媒、
1%の酸化セリウム=参照としてであり、ただし、TiO2/SiO2は、酸化セリウム含有量が最大で触媒の1%となるよう酸化セリウムによって置き換えられている。
5%の酸化セリウム=参照としてであり、ただし、TiO2/SiO2は、酸化セリウム含有量が最大で触媒の5%となるよう酸化セリウムによって置き換えられている。
10%の酸化セリウム=参照としてであり、ただし、TiO2/SiO2は、酸化セリウム含有量が最大で触媒の10%となるよう酸化セリウムによって置き換えられている。
NO2/NOx:0%(図1)又は75%(図2)
NH3:1100ppm(図1)又は1350ppm(図2)
O2:10%
H2O:5%
N2O:残部
コーティング懸濁液Aの調製(バナジウムSCR)
5重量%の二酸化ケイ素でドープされたアナターゼ形態の市販の二酸化チタンを、水中に分散させた。続いてメタタングステン酸アンモニウム水溶液、及びシュウ酸に溶解したメタバナジン酸アンモニウムを、タングステン前駆体又はバナジウム前駆体として、87.4重量%のTiO2、4.6重量%のSiO2、5.0重量%のWO3、及び3.0重量%のV2O5の組成の触媒となる量で添加した。混合物を激しく撹拌し、最終的に、市販の攪拌ボールミルで均質化し、d90<2μmまで粉砕した。
5重量%の二酸化ケイ素でドープされたアナターゼ形態の市販の二酸化チタンを、水中に分散させた。続いてメタタングステン酸アンモニウム水溶液をタングステン前駆体として、シュウ酸に溶解したメタバナジン酸アンモニウムをバナジウム前駆体として、及び酢酸セリウム水溶液をセリウム前駆体として、86.4重量%のTiO2、4.6重量%のSiO2、5.0重量%のWO3、3.0重量%のV2O5、及び1%のCeO2の組成の触媒となる量で添加した。混合物を激しく撹拌し、最終的に、市販の攪拌ボールミルで均質化し、d90<2μmまで粉砕した。
鉄交換β-ゼオライトに基づいた市販のSCR触媒用のコーティング懸濁液を、調製した。この目的のために、市販のSiO2結合剤、市販のベーマイト結合剤(コーティング助剤として)、硝酸鉄(III)非水和物、及び市販のβ-ゼオライトを、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比(SAR)を25として水中に懸濁させ、それにより、90重量%のβ-ゼオライト、及びFe2O3として計算して4.5重量%の鉄含有量の組成の触媒を得る。
鉄交換β-ゼオライトに基づいた市販のSCR触媒用のコーティング懸濁液を、調製した。この目的のために、市販のSiO2結合剤、市販のベーマイト結合剤(コーティング助剤として)、硝酸鉄(III)非水和物、及び市販のβ-ゼオライトを、SiO2/Al2O3のモル比(SAR)を10として水中に懸濁させ、それにより、90重量%のβ-ゼオライト、及びFe2O3として計算して4.5重量%の鉄含有量の組成の触媒を得る。
セラミック基材をコーティング懸濁液A~Dでコーティングすることによって、様々な触媒デバイスを製造した。両側で開いた並列流路を有する、通常的なセラミックモノリスを、基材として使用した。この場合、第1及び第2の層(S1、S2)を各基材に適用し、各層を2つの隣接するゾーン(Z1、Z2)に分割した。浄化する排気ガスは、触媒デバイスへの流れ方向に、すなわち、上層2の上でゾーン1からゾーン2まで流れる。スキーム1は、2つの層及び2つのゾーンに位置する4つの触媒領域を有する、触媒デバイスの構造を示す。
測定方法
実施例2によって製造した触媒デバイスを、窒素酸化物の選択的触媒還元における、その活性及び選択性について試験した。その際、窒素酸化物の変換率を、SCR活性及び亜酸化窒素の生成の尺度として、様々な規定の温度で測定(触媒の入口側で測定)した。入口側で、とりわけ、予め設定した割合のNO、NH3、NO2、及びO2を含有する、モデル排気ガスを導入した。窒素酸化物の変換率を、石英ガラス反応器にて測定した。この目的のために、L=3”、及びD=1”のドリルコアを、静止条件下で190~550℃にて試験した。測定を、以下にまとめた試験条件で行った。GHSVは、時間当たりガス空間速度(ガス流量:触媒体積)である。測定のシリーズTP1~TP4の条件を、以下にまとめる。
時間当たりガス空間速度GHSV=60000 1/時間、以下の合成ガス組成:
1000体積ppmのNO、1100体積ppmのNH3、0体積ppmのN2O
a=xNH3/xNOx=1.1
xNOx=xNO+xNO2+xN2O[式中、各場合のxは、濃度(体積ppm)を意味する]
10体積%のO2、5体積%のH2O、残部のN2による。
GHSV=60000 1/時間、以下の合成ガス組成:
250体積ppmのNO、750体積ppmのNO2、1350体積ppmのNH3、0体積ppmのN2O
a=xNH3/xNOx=1.35
xNOx=xNO+xNO2+xN2O[式中、各場合のxは、濃度(体積ppm)を意味する]
10体積%のO2、5体積%のH2O、残部のN2による。
GHSV=30000 1/時間、以下の合成ガス組成:
500体積ppmのNO、550体積ppmのNH3、0体積ppmのN2O
a=xNH3/xNOx=1.1
xNOx=xNO+xNO2+xN2O[式中、各場合のxは、濃度(ppm)を意味する]
10体積%のO2、5体積%のH2O、残部のN2による。
GHSV=30000 1/時間、以下の合成ガス組成:
125体積ppmのNO、375体積ppmのNO2、675体積ppmのNH3、0体積ppmのN2O
a=xNH3/xNOx=1.35
xNOx=xNO+xNO2+xN2O[式中、各場合のxは、濃度(ppm)を意味する]
10体積%のO2、5体積%のH2O、残部のN2による。
UNOx[%]=(1-xOutput(NOx)/xInput(NOx))*100[%]
ただし、
xInput(NOx)=xInput(NO)+xInput(NO2)
xOutput(NOx)=xOutput(NO)+xOutput(NO2)+2*xOutput(N2O)である。
モデル排気ガスがNOのみを窒素酸化物として含有した、測定のシリーズTP1及びTP3の結果を、表2にまとめる。モデル排気ガスが窒素酸化物としてNO及びNO2を1:3の比にて含有した、測定のシリーズTP2及びTP4の結果を、表3にまとめる。表は、実施例2(表1)による触媒のうちのどれを使用したかについて示す。各規定の温度値について、初期濃度NOxのうちの除去された割合を示す。表3はまた、各温度値2~7について、各温度値で触媒後に測定したN2Oの絶対量を示す。表4及び表5に、エージング後の触媒デバイス試験の条件及び結果をまとめる。
Claims (18)
- 選択的触媒還元(SCR)によって窒素酸化物含有排気ガスを浄化するための触媒デバイスであって、少なくとも2つの触媒領域を備え、第1の領域が酸化バナジウム及び酸化セリウムを収容し、第2の領域が鉄含有分子篩を収容し、
前記第1の領域が、
(a)前記第1の領域の重量に基づいてV 2 O 5 として計算した0.5~10重量%の酸化バナジウムと、
(b)前記第1の領域の重量に基づいてCeO 2 として計算した0.2~10重量%の酸化セリウムと、
(c)前記第1の領域の重量に基づいてWO 3 として計算した0~17重量%の酸化タングステンと、
(d)前記第1の領域の重量に基づいてTiO 2 として計算した25~98重量%の酸化チタンと、
(e)前記第1の領域の重量に基づいてSiO 2 として計算した0~15重量%の酸化ケイ素と、
(f)前記第1の領域の重量に基づいてAl 2 O 3 として計算した0~15重量%の酸化アルミニウムと、を含む、触媒デバイス。 - 前記第1の領域が、タングステン、ケイ素、及びアルミニウムの酸化物から選択される少なくとも1つの更なる成分を収容する、請求項1に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記第1の領域が、酸化セリウムを、CeO2として計算し、前記第1の領域の重量に基づいて0.5~7重量%収容する、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記第1の領域が、酸化セリウムを、CeO2として計算し、前記第1の領域の重量に基づいて0.5~3重量%収容する、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記分子篩がゼオライトである、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記ゼオライトが鉄交換ゼオライトである、請求項5に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記ゼオライトが、AEL、AFI、AFO、AFR、ATO、BEA、GME、HEU、MFI、MWW、EUO、FAU、FER、LTL、MAZ、MOR、MEL、MTW、OFF、及びTONから選択される構造を有する、請求項5又は6に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記排気ガスが初めに前記第1の領域に接触するように設計されている請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が隣接するゾーンを形成し、前記第1の領域は第1のゾーンであり、前記第2の領域は第2のゾーンであり、前記第1のゾーンは、前記排気ガスの流れ方向で前記第2のゾーンの上流にある、請求項8に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が重ね合わせた層を形成し、前記第1の領域は最上層である、請求項8に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記第1及び第2の領域が、不活性基材に適用されている、請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 前記不活性基材がセラミックモノリスである、請求項11に記載の触媒デバイス。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイス、及び排気ガスを放出する上流デバイスを備えるシステム。
- 前記排気ガスを放出する上流デバイスが燃焼エンジンである、請求項13に記載のシステム。
- 選択的触媒還元(SCR)によって窒素酸化物含有排気ガスを浄化するための請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイスの使用。
- 亜酸化窒素の生成を回避するための請求項15に記載の使用。
- 前記排気ガスが、>0.5のNO2/NOx比、及び/又は180℃~450℃の温度を有する、請求項15又は16に記載の使用。
- 排気ガスの浄化方法であって、
(i)請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の触媒デバイス又は請求項13又は14に記載のシステムを準備する工程と、
(ii)窒素酸化物含有排気ガスを前記触媒デバイスに導入する工程と、
(iii)窒素を含有する還元剤を、前記触媒デバイスに導入する工程と、
(iv)前記触媒デバイスにおいて、窒素酸化物を選択的触媒還元(SCR)によって還元する工程と、を含む方法。
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US20230323802A1 (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company | Exhaust gas treatment system |
CN115301230B (zh) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-11-07 | 中国科学院赣江创新研究院 | 一种锰基双区脱硝催化剂及其制备方法和用途 |
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