JP7152401B2 - 酸化バナジウムを含有するscr触媒装置、及び鉄を含有するモレキュラーシーブ - Google Patents
酸化バナジウムを含有するscr触媒装置、及び鉄を含有するモレキュラーシーブ Download PDFInfo
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- JP7152401B2 JP7152401B2 JP2019532795A JP2019532795A JP7152401B2 JP 7152401 B2 JP7152401 B2 JP 7152401B2 JP 2019532795 A JP2019532795 A JP 2019532795A JP 2019532795 A JP2019532795 A JP 2019532795A JP 7152401 B2 JP7152401 B2 JP 7152401B2
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- layer
- weight
- oxide
- catalytic device
- catalytic
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims description 159
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 73
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 36
- XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 27
- 229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 title claims description 16
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 16
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 249
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 101
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 98
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical compound [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 89
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 64
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 36
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000001272 nitrous oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 119
- JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrogen dioxide Chemical compound O=[N]=O JCXJVPUVTGWSNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 56
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 54
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 38
- 229910002089 NOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 28
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 26
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 20
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 18
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 10
- GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N divanadium pentaoxide Chemical compound O=[V](=O)O[V](=O)=O GNTDGMZSJNCJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 7
- MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C=2N=C(N)SC=2)=C1 MGWGWNFMUOTEHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 urea Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);trinitrate;nonahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Fe+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O SZQUEWJRBJDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012695 Ce precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021542 Vanadium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKAXWKNRKROCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [V].[Ce] Chemical compound [V].[Ce] SKAXWKNRKROCKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002730 additional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical class O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GHTGICGKYCGOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum silicon(4+) phosphate Chemical class [Al+3].P(=O)([O-])([O-])[O-].[Si+4] GHTGICGKYCGOSY-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);triacetate Chemical compound [Ce+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VGBWDOLBWVJTRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052909 inorganic silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010534 mechanism of action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001473 noxious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006069 physical mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012041 precatalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 1
- GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium dioxide Chemical compound O=[V]=O GRUMUEUJTSXQOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/92—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases
- B01D53/94—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases of engine exhaust gases by catalytic processes
- B01D53/9404—Removing only nitrogen compounds
- B01D53/9409—Nitrogen oxides
- B01D53/9413—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
- B01D53/9418—Processes characterised by a specific catalyst for removing nitrogen oxides by selective catalytic reduction [SCR] using a reducing agent in a lean exhaust gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
- F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
- F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/06—Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/063—Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/002—Mixed oxides other than spinels, e.g. perovskite
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J29/00—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves
- B01J29/04—Catalysts comprising molecular sieves having base-exchange properties, e.g. crystalline zeolites
- B01J29/06—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof
- B01J29/70—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65
- B01J29/72—Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups B01J29/08 - B01J29/65 containing iron group metals, noble metals or copper
- B01J29/76—Iron group metals or copper
- B01J29/7615—Zeolite Beta
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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Description
4NO+4NH3+O2→4N2+6H2 (1)
NO+NO2+2NH3→2N2+3H2O (2)
6NO2+8NH3→7N2+12H2O (3)
約180℃~600℃の温度範囲、特に低温での、NO2に富んだ排気ガスとの高効率性、
NOに富んだ排気ガスとの高効率性、及び
亜酸化窒素の形成の防止。
(a)V2O5として計算した0.5~10重量%の酸化バナジウムと、
(b)WO3として計算した0~17重量%の酸化タングステンと、
(c)CeO2として計算した0~10重量%の酸化セリウムと、
(d)TiO2として計算した25~98重量%の酸化チタンと、
(e)SiO2として計算した0.5~15重量%の酸化ケイ素と、
(f)Al2O3として計算した0~15重量%の酸化アルミニウムと、
を含有するか、又はこれらからなる。
(a)V2O5として計算した1~5重量%の酸化バナジウムと、
(b)WO3として計算した1~15重量%の酸化タングステンと、
(c)CeO2として計算した0.2~5重量%の酸化セリウムと、
(d)73~98重量%の二酸化チタンと、
(e)0.5~25重量%の二酸化ケイ素と、を有し、
酸化セリウム+酸化タングステンの比率の合計は、17重量%未満である。
(i)本発明による触媒装置を準備することと、
(ii)触媒装置に窒素酸化物を含有する排気ガスを導入することと、
(iii)窒素を含有する還元剤を触媒装置に導入することと、
(iv)選択触媒還元(SCR)によって触媒装置中の窒素酸化物を還元することと、を含む、排気ガスの精製方法に更に関する。
予備試験
図6及び図7は、SCR触媒のセリウム含有量に対する、一酸化窒素(図6参照)又は二酸化窒素(NO2/NOx=75%)(図7参照)の転化の依存性を示す。
基準=3%のV2O5、4.3%のWO3、及び5%のSiO2を有する残部TiO2からなるSCR触媒
1%酸化セリウム=基準として、ただしTiO2/SiO2は、最大1%の触媒の酸化セリウム含有量である酸化セリウムによって置換されている
5%酸化セリウム=基準として、ただしTiO2/SiO2は、最大5%の触媒の酸化セリウム含有量である酸化セリウムによって置換されている
10%酸化セリウム=基準として、ただしTiO2/SiO2は、最大10%の触媒の酸化セリウム含有量である酸化セリウムによって置換されている
NO2/NOx: 0%(図6)又は75%(図7)
NH3: 1100ppm(図6)又は1350ppm(図7)
O2: 10%
H2O: 5%
N2: 残部
コーティング懸濁液A(バナジウムSCR)の調製
5重量%の二酸化ケイ素でドープされたアナターゼ形態の市販の二酸化チタンを水中に分散させた。次に、メタタングステン酸アンモニウムの水溶液及びシュウ酸中に溶解したメタバナジン酸アンモニウムを、組成が87.4重量%のTiO2、4.6重量%のSiO2、5.0重量%のWO3及び3.0重量%のV2O5の触媒が得られるような量で、タングステン又はバナジウム前駆体として添加した。混合物を十分に撹拌し、最終的に、市販の撹拌機ボールミルで均質化し、d90<2μmに粉砕した。
5重量%の二酸化ケイ素でドープされたアナターゼ形態の市販の二酸化チタンを水中に分散させた。次に、タングステン前駆体としてメタタングステン酸アンモニウムの水溶液、バナジウム前駆体としてシュウ酸中に溶解したメタバナジン酸アンモニウム、及びセリウム前駆体としての酢酸セリウムの水溶液を、86.4重量%のTiO2、4.6重量%のSiO2、5.0重量%のWO3、及び3.0重量%のV2O5及び1%のCeO2として計算される組成の触媒が得られるような量で添加した。混合物を十分に撹拌し、最終的に、市販の撹拌機ボールミルで均質化し、d90<2μmに粉砕した。
鉄交換β-ゼオライトに基づいて市販のSCR触媒のためにコーティング懸濁液を調製した。この目的のために、市販のSiO2結合剤、市販のベーマイト結合剤(コーティング補助剤として)、硝酸鉄(III)九水和物、及び25のモルSiO2/Al2O3比(SAR)を有する市販のβ-ゼオライトを、水中に懸濁させ、これにより、90重量%のβ-ゼオライト及び4.5重量%のFe2O3として計算された鉄含有量の組成の触媒が結果として得られた。
鉄交換β-ゼオライトに基づいて市販のSCR触媒のためにコーティング懸濁液を調製した。この目的のために、市販のSiO2結合剤、市販のベーマイト結合剤(コーティング補助剤として)、硝酸鉄(III)九水和物、及び10のモルSiO2/Al2O3比(SAR)を有する市販のβ-ゼオライトを、水中に懸濁させ、これにより、90重量%のβ-ゼオライト及び4.5重量%のFe2O3として計算された鉄含有量の組成の触媒が結果として得られた。
セラミック基材をコーティング懸濁液A~Dでコーティングすることにより、様々な触媒装置を準備した。両端が開いている平行な流路を有する従来のセラミックモノリス(フロースルー基材)を基材として使用した。この場合、各基材に第1及び第2の層(S1、S2)を適用し、各層を2つの隣接するゾーン(Z1、Z2)に細分化した。精製される排気ガスは、触媒装置内への流れ方向で、すなわち、上層2を介して、ゾーン1からゾーン2へと流れる。スキーム1では、触媒装置の構造は、2つの層及び2つのゾーンに位置する4つの触媒領域とともに示される。
流れ方向→
測定方法
実施例2に従って準備した触媒装置を、窒素酸化物の選択触媒還元におけるそれらの活性及び選択性について試験した。その際、亜酸化窒素転化率は、SCR活性及び亜酸化窒素の形成の尺度として、様々な規定温度で測定した(触媒の入口側で測定)。入口側に、とりわけ、予め設定された比率のNO、NH3、NO2、及びO2を含有するモデル排気ガスを導入した。窒素酸化物転化率は、石英ガラス製の反応器内で測定した。L=3インチ及びD=1インチを有するドリルコアを、定常状態条件下で190~550℃で試験した。以下にまとめる試験条件下で測定を行った。GHSVは、ガス空間速度(ガス流量:触媒体積)である。測定シリーズTP1及びTP2の条件を以下にまとめる。
以下の合成ガス組成でのガス空間速度GHSV=60000 1/h
1000vppm NO、1100vppm NH3、0vppm N2O
a=xNH3/xNOx=1.1
xNOx=xNO+xNO2+XN2O、[式中、各場合において、xは、10体積%のO2、5体積%のH2O、残部N2の濃度(vppm)を意味する。]
以下の合成ガス組成でのGHSV=60000 1/h
250vppm NO、750vppm NO2、1350vppm NH3、0vppm N2O
a=xNH3/xNOx=1.35
xNOx=xNO+xNO2+xN2O、[式中、各場合において、xは、10体積%のO2、5体積%のH2O、残部N2の濃度(vppm)を意味する。]
UNOx[%]=(1-Xoutput(NOx)/Xinput(NOx))×100[%]
及び
Xinput(NOx)=Xinput(NO)+Xinput(NO2)
Xoutput(NOx)=Xoutput(NO)+Xoutput(NO2)+2×Xoutput(N2O)。
化学量論を考慮して、Xoutput(N2O)を係数2で重み付けした。
モデル排気ガスが窒素酸化物としてNOのみを含有した測定シリーズTP1の結果を表2にまとめる。モデル排気ガスが窒素酸化物としてNO及びNO2を比1:3で含有した測定シリーズTP2の結果を表3にまとめる。各場合において、表は、実施例2(表1)による触媒を使用したことを示す。定義された各温度値について、初期濃度の何パーセントのNOxが除去されたかを示している。表3はまた、各温度値2~7について、触媒後の各温度値でどのぐらいの絶対量のN2Oが測定されたかを明記している。図1~5では、結果はまた、比較のためにグラフで示されている。表4及び表5は、エージング後の触媒装置による試験の条件及び結果についてまとめている。
Claims (14)
- 選択触媒還元(SCR)によって窒素酸化物を含有する排気ガスを精製するための触媒装置であって、少なくとも2つの触媒層を含み、第1の層は、酸化バナジウムと、酸化セリウムと、酸化チタン及び酸化ケイ素を含む混合酸化物とを含有し、第2の層は、鉄を含有するモレキュラーシーブを含有し、前記第1の層は、前記第2の層上に適用され、
前記第1の層は、
(a)前記第1の層の重量に基づいてV2O5として計算した0.5~10重量%の酸化バナジウムと、
(b)前記第1の層の重量に基づいてWO3として計算した0~17重量%の酸化タングステンと、
(c)前記第1の層の重量に基づいてCeO2として計算した0重量%超10重量%以下の酸化セリウムと、
(d)前記第1の層の重量に基づいてTiO2として計算した25~98重量%の酸化チタンと、
(e)前記第1の層の重量に基づいてSiO2として計算した1~7重量%の酸化ケイ素と、
(f)前記第1の層の重量に基づいてAl2O3として計算した0~15重量%の酸化アルミニウムと、を含む、触媒装置。 - 前記第1の層は、タングステン及びアルミニウムの酸化物から選択される少なくとも1つの更なる成分を含有する、請求項1に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記モレキュラーシーブは、ゼオライトである、請求項1又は2に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記ゼオライトは、鉄交換ゼオライトである、請求項3に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記ゼオライトは、最大環サイズが8超の四面体を有する構造を有する、請求項3又は4に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記ゼオライトは、AEL、AFI、AFO、AFR、ATO、BEA、GME、HEU、MFI、MWW、EUO、FAU、FER、LTL、MAZ、MOR、MEL、MTW、OFF及びTONから選択される構造を有する、請求項3~5のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記第1の層は、完全に前記第2の層上に適用される、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記第1の層は、部分的にのみ前記第2の層上に適用される、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記第2の層は、不活性基材上に適用される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置。
- 前記不活性基材はセラミックモノリスである、請求項9に記載の触媒装置。
- 選択触媒還元(SCR)によって窒素酸化物を含有する排気ガスを精製するための請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置の使用。
- 亜酸化窒素の形成を防止するための請求項11に記載の使用。
- 前記排気ガスは、NO2/NOX比が>0.5及び/又は温度が180℃~450℃である、請求項11又は12に記載の使用。
- 排気ガスの精製方法であって、
(i)請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の触媒装置を準備することと、
(ii)前記触媒装置に窒素酸化物を含有する排気ガスを導入することと、
(iii)窒素を含有する還元剤を前記触媒装置に導入することと、
(iv)選択触媒還元(SCR)によって前記触媒装置中の窒素酸化物を還元することと、を含む方法。
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