JP7371581B2 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7371581B2 JP7371581B2 JP2020122776A JP2020122776A JP7371581B2 JP 7371581 B2 JP7371581 B2 JP 7371581B2 JP 2020122776 A JP2020122776 A JP 2020122776A JP 2020122776 A JP2020122776 A JP 2020122776A JP 7371581 B2 JP7371581 B2 JP 7371581B2
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4235—Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte
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- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6551—Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings
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- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/647—Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
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- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/209—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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Description
以下の実施の形態1では、本開示に係る非水電解質二次電池の例示的形態として、リチウムイオン二次電池を採用する。
図1は、実施の形態1の形態に係るリチウムイオン二次電池の構成の一例を概略的に示す斜視図である。以下では、実施の形態1に係るリチウムイオン二次電池をセル5と記載する。理解を容易にするため、図1にはセル5の内部を透視した図が示されている。
図3は、実施の形態1における電極体6の構成の一例を示す図である。図3に示すように、電極体6は、電池ケース8(ケース本体81)と同様に、扁平直方体の外径形状を有する。電極体6は、扁平直方体の長辺(図中、左右方向(y方向)の辺)が電池ケース8の長辺方向(図2参照)に延在するように電池ケース8に収容されている。
正極1は帯状のシートである。正極1は、正極集電体11と、正極合材層12とを含む。正極集電体11は、たとえばアルミニウム(Al)箔、Al合金箔等であり得る。正極集電体11は、正極端子91(図1参照)に電気的に接続されている。図3の巻回軸AXが延在する方向(y方向)において、正極集電体11のうち正極合材層12から突出した部分は、正極端子91(図1参照)との電気的接続に利用され得る。
負極2は帯状のシートである。負極2は、負極合材層22および負極集電体21を含む。負極集電体21は、負極端子92に電気的に接続されている。負極集電体21は、たとえば銅(Cu)箔であり得る。
セパレータ3は帯状のフィルムである。セパレータ3は、正極1と負極2との間に配置され、正極1と負極2とを電気的に絶縁する。セパレータ3の材料は、多孔質材料であって、たとえばポリエチレン(PE)、ポリプロピレン(PP)であり得る。
電解液7は、リチウム(Li)塩および溶媒を少なくとも含む。Li塩は、溶媒に溶解した支持電解質である。Li塩は、たとえば、LiPF6、LiBF4、Li[N(FSO2)2]、Li[N(CF3SO2)2]であり得る。1種のLi塩が単独で使用されてもよいし、2種以上のLi塩が組み合わされて使用されてもよい。
一般に、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造工程において電池ケースの内部に金属異物が混入し得ることが知られている。セル5を用いて具体例を挙げて説明すると、たとえば、正極集電体11および負極集電体21の端部をレーザ溶接により接合する際に金属片(スパッタ)が発生する可能性がある。また、電極体6をケース本体81に収容した後、ケース本体81と蓋体82とをレーザ溶接する際にも金属片が発生する可能性がある。さらに、セル5の製造工程以外にも、たとえばセル5を搭載した車両の衝突等により衝撃がセル5に印加されることで金属片が発生する可能性も考えられる。
図4は、図3のIV-IV線に沿う電極体6の断面を模式的に示す図である。図4には、電極体6を構成する正極1、負極2およびセパレータ3の積層構造が電極体6の外側から内側に向けて図示されている。電極体6の外側とは電池ケース8に近い側である。
続いて、実施の形態1に係るセル5に対する評価試験の結果について説明する。正極1(正極活物質)には、ニッケル・コバルト・マンガン酸化物(NCM)を用いた。負極2(負極活物質)にはカーボンを用いた。セパレータ3には、ポリプロピレン(PP)層とポリエチレン(PE)層とポリプロピレン(PP)層とが積層された3層構造のセパレータを用いた。セル5の容量は20Ahであった。金属異物としては、「EV用リチウムイオン二次電池セルの安全要件」に関する国際規格であるIEC62660-3に規定されたL字型の構造体を用いた。この構造体のサイズは、高さ200μm×長さ2000μm×幅100μmであった。これらの試験条件は、実施の形態2の評価試験(後述)に関しても共通であった。
実施の形態1では、負極2に対策を講じ、負極活物質にLTOを採用する例について説明した。実施の形態2においては、セパレータ3に対策を講じる例について説明する。
図7は、実施の形態2における電極体の構成の一例を示す図である。図8は、図7のVII-VII線に沿う電極体6Bの断面を模式的に示す図である。図7および図8を参照して、電極体6Bは、電極体6Bの最外周の中央部に耐熱層4(HRL:Heat Resistance Layer)を含む点において、実施の形態1における電極体6(図3~図5参照)と異なる。耐熱層4は、電極体6Bの長辺方向(y方向)に関して電極体6Bの中央領域に局所的に設けられている。これは、電極体6の膨張収縮に伴う荷重が集中する最外周部分の中央領域において電極体6の短絡が特に発生しやすいためである。なお、耐熱層4は、本開示に係る「発熱抑制部材」に相当する。
図9は、実施の形態2に係るセルの評価試験の結果をまとめた図である。図9を参照して、この評価試験では8つのサンプルを準備した。これらのサンプルの間では、耐熱層4の厚みまたは幅、および/または、耐熱層4の層数が異なる。
Claims (6)
- 複数の層を含む電極体と、
前記電極体および電解液を収容する電池ケースとを備え、
前記複数の層の各々は、シート状の正極およびシート状の負極のうちのいずれか一方と、シート状のセパレータとを含み、
前記電極体は、
前記複数の層のうち前記電極体の最も外側に配置された最外層を含む所定数の外側層と、
前記複数の層のうち前記外側層よりも内側に配置された内側層と、
前記外側層よりも外側に配置されたセパレータとを有し、
前記負極は、負極集電体と、負極合材層とを含み、
前記外側層に含まれる負極合材層は、リチウムチタン複合酸化物を含み、
前記内側層に含まれる負極合材層は、前記リチウムチタン複合酸化物を含まない、非水電解質二次電池。 - 複数の層を含む電極体と、
前記電極体および電解液を収容する角型の電池ケースとを備え、
前記複数の層の各々は、シート状の正極およびシート状の負極のうちのいずれか一方と、シート状のセパレータとを含み、
前記電極体は、
前記複数の層のうち前記電極体の最も外側に配置された最外層を含む所定数の外側層と、
前記複数の層のうち前記外側層よりも内側に配置された内側層と、
前記外側層よりも外側に配置されたセパレータとを有し、
前記電極体は、扁平直方体の外形形状を有し、前記扁平直方体の長辺が前記電池ケースの長辺方向に延在するように前記電池ケースに収容され、
前記外側層に含まれるセパレータは、前記電極体の長辺方向に関して前記電極体の中央領域に局所的に設けられた耐熱層を含み、
前記内側層に含まれるセパレータは、前記耐熱層を含まない、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記耐熱層は、耐熱性を有する樹脂膜である、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層は、耐熱性を有するセラミックスである、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層は、チタン酸リチウムおよびリン酸鉄リチウムのうちの少なくとも一方を含む活物質である、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層は、前記中央領域に追加されたセパレータである、請求項2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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CN202110689934.0A CN113948780B (zh) | 2020-07-17 | 2021-06-22 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
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