JP7191155B2 - 修飾RNAi剤 - Google Patents
修飾RNAi剤 Download PDFInfo
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- JP7191155B2 JP7191155B2 JP2021087577A JP2021087577A JP7191155B2 JP 7191155 B2 JP7191155 B2 JP 7191155B2 JP 2021087577 A JP2021087577 A JP 2021087577A JP 2021087577 A JP2021087577 A JP 2021087577A JP 7191155 B2 JP7191155 B2 JP 7191155B2
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- nucleotide
- nucleotides
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- rnai agent
- stranded rnai
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Description
本出願は、参照により全開示内容が本明細書に組み入れられる、2011年11月18日出願の米国仮特許出願第61/561,710号の優先権を主張するものである。
センス鎖:5’np-Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’
アンチセンス鎖:3’np’-Na ’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na’-nq’5’
(III)、
式(III)において、i、j、k、およびlはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり;pおよびqはそれぞれ独立して、0~6であり;nはヌクレオチドを表し;各NaおよびNa’は独立して、修飾されている、修飾されていない、またはこれらの組み合わせである0~25のヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、これらの各配列は、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み;各NbおよびNb’は独立して、修飾されている、修飾されていない、またはこれらの組み合わせである0~10のヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;各npおよびnqは独立して、0~6のヌクレオチドを含むオーバーハングヌクレオチド配列を表し;かつXXX、YYY、ZZZ、X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’はそれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表し;Nbの修飾が、Yの修飾とは異なり、Nb’の修飾が、Y’の修飾とは異なる。Yヌクレオチドの少なくとも1つが、その相補的なY’ヌクレオチドと塩基対を形成し、Yヌクレオチドの修飾が、Y’ヌクレオチドの修飾とは異なる。
3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つ以上のモチーフを、dsRNA剤のセンス鎖および/またはアンチセンス鎖、特に切断部位またはその近傍に導入することにより優れた結果を得ることができる。dsRNA剤のセンス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖は、そうではなく、完全に修飾しても良い。これらのモチーフの導入により、センス鎖および/またはアンチセンス鎖に修飾パターンが存在する場合は、修飾パターンが中断される。dsRNA剤は、任意選択で、例えば、センス鎖において、GalNAc誘導体リガンドにコンジュゲートする。得られるdsRNA剤は、優れた遺伝子サイレンシング活性を示す。
5’np-Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’ (I)
式中、
iおよびjはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり;
pおよびqはそれぞれ独立して、0~6であり;
各Naは独立して、0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み;
各Nbは独立して、0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
各npおよびnqは独立して、オーバーハングヌクレオチドを表し;
NbおよびYは、同じ修飾を有しておらず;かつ
XXX、YYY、およびZZZはそれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表している。好ましくは、YYYは、2’-F修飾ヌクレオチドである。
5’np-Na-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’ (Ia)
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Na-nq3’ (Ib);または
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’ (Ic)。
5’nq’-Na’-(Z’Z’Z’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(X’X’X’)l-N’a-np’3’ (II)
式中、
kおよびlはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり;
p’およびq’はそれぞれ独立して、0~6であり;
各Na’は独立して、0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み;
各Nb’は独立して、0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
各np’およびnq’は独立して、0~6の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオーバーハングヌクレオチドを表し;
Nb’およびY’は、同じ修飾を有しておらず;かつ
X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’はそれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表している。
5’nq’-Na’-Z’Z’Z’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Na’-np’3’ (IIa);
5’nq’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-X’X’X’-np’3’ (IIb);または
5’nq’-Na’-Z’Z’Z’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-X’X’X’-Na’-np’3’ (IIc)。
センス鎖:5’np-Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’
アンチセンス鎖:3’np’-Na’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na’-nq’5’
(III)
式中:
i、j、k、およびlはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり;
pおよびqはそれぞれ独立して、0~6であり;
各NaおよびNa’は独立して、0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み;
各NbおよびNb’は独立して、0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
式中、
各np’、np、nq’、およびnqは独立して、オーバーハングヌクレオチド配列を表し;かつ
XXX、YYY、ZZZ、X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’はそれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表す。
センス鎖:5’Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’
アンチセンス鎖:3’np’-Na’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na ’5’
(V)
式中:
i、j、k、およびlはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり;
pおよびqはそれぞれ独立して2であり;
各NaおよびNa’は独立して、0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み;
各NbおよびNb’は独立して、0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
式中、
各np’およびnqは独立して、オーバーハングヌクレオチド配列を表し;かつ
XXX、YYY、ZZZ、X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’はぞれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表す。
センス鎖:5’Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na3’
アンチセンス鎖:3’np’-Na’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na’5’
(Va)
式中:
i、j、k、およびlはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり;
pおよびqはそれぞれ独立して2であり;
各NaおよびNa’は独立して、0~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各配列は、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み;
各NbおよびNb’は独立して、0~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
式中、
各np’は、オーバーハングヌクレオチド配列を表し;かつ
XXX、YYY、ZZZ、X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’はぞれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表す。
5’np-Na-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-Z’Z’Z’-Na ’nq ’5’
(IIIa)
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-X’X’X’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Na’-nq’5’
(IIIb)
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’
3’np’-Na’-X’X’X’-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-Z’Z ’Z’-Na-nq’5’
(IIIc)。
多種多様な物質が、本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドに結合することができる。好ましい部分は、直接的にまたは介在テザーを介して間接的に、好ましくは共有結合で結合されるリガンドである。
q2A、q2B、q3A、q3B、q4A、q4B、q5A、q5B、およびq5Cは存在ごとに独立して、0~20を表し、反復単位は、同じであっても良いし、または異なっていても良く;
P2A、P2B、P3A、P3B、P4A、P4B、P5A、P5B、P5C、T2A、T2B、T3A、T3B、T4A、T4B、T4A、T5B、T5Cはそれぞれ存在ごとに独立して、存在しないか、CO、NH、O、S、OC(O)、NHC(O)、CH2、CH2NH、またはCH2Oを表し;
Q2A、Q2B、Q3A、Q3B、Q4A、Q4B、Q5A、Q5B、Q5Cは存在ごとに独立して、存在しないか、アルキレン、置換アルキレンを表し、1つ以上のメチレンは、O、S、S(O)、SO2、N(RN)、C(R’)=C(R’’)、C≡C、またはC(O)の1つ以上によって中断または終了させることができ;
R2A、R2B、R3A、R3B、R4A、R4B、R5A、R5B、R5Cはそれぞれ存在ごとに独立して、NH、O、S、CH2、C(O)O、C(O)NH、NHCH(Ra)C(O)、-C(O)-CH(Ra)-NH-、CO、CH=N-O、
L2A、L2B、L3A、L3B、L4A、L4B、L5A、L5B、およびL5Cは、リガンドを表す;即ち、それぞれ存在ごとに独立して、単糖(例えば、GalNAc)、二糖、三糖、四糖、オリゴ糖、または多糖を表し;かつ
Raは、Hまたはアミノ酸側鎖である。
本明細書で使用される「dsRNA」、「siRNA」、および「iRNA剤」は、標的RNA、例えば、mRNA、例えば、タンパク質をコードする遺伝子の転写物のサイレンシングを媒介することができる作用剤と互換的に使用される。便宜上、このようなmRNAは、本明細書ではサイレンシングされるmRNAとも呼ばれる。このような遺伝子は、標的遺伝子とも呼ばれる。一般に、サイレンシングされるRNAは、内在性遺伝子または病原遺伝子である。加えて、mRNA以外のRNA、例えば、tRNA、およびウイルスRNAも標的とすることができる。
開裂可能連結基は、細胞外で十分安定しているが、標的細胞に入ると開裂されてリンカーが一緒に保持する2つの部分を放出する、連結基である。好ましい実施形態では、開裂可能連結基は、対象の血液中または第2の基準条件下(例えば、血液または血清に存在する条件を模倣または実現するように選択することができる)よりも、標的細胞内または第1の基準条件下(例えば、細胞内の条件を模倣または実現するように選択することができる)において、少なくとも10倍以上、好ましくは、少なくとも100倍速く開裂する。
開裂可能連結基の1つのクラスは、還元または酸化時に開裂する酸化還元性開裂可能連結基である。還元的に開裂可能な連結基の一例として、ジスルフィド連結基(-S-S-)が挙げられる。候補の開裂可能連結基が適切な「還元的に開裂可能な連結基」であるか否か、または、例えば、特定のiRNA部分および特定の標的作用剤と共に使用するのに適しているか否かを決定するために、本明細書に記載される方法を確認することができる。例えば、候補は、細胞、例えば、標的細胞で観察され得る開裂速度を模倣する当分野で公知の試薬を使用してジチオスレイトール(DTT)またはた他の還元剤と共にインキュベートすることによって評価することができる。候補はまた、血液または血清条件を模倣するために選択される条件下でも評価することができる。好ましい一実施形態では、候補化合物は、血中では最大で10%開裂する。好ましい実施形態では、有用な候補化合物は、血液(または細胞外の条件を模倣するように選択されるin vitroでの条件下)と比較して、細胞内(または細胞内の条件を模倣するように選択されるin vitroでの条件下)では少なくとも2倍、4倍、10倍、または100倍速く分解される。候補化合物の開裂速度は、細胞内培地を模倣するように選択される条件下で標準的な酵素反応速度アッセイを使用して決定して、細胞外培地を模倣するように選択される条件と比較することができる。
リン酸塩系開裂可能連結基は、リン酸基を分解または加水分解する作用剤によって開裂する。細胞内のリン酸基を開裂する作用剤の一例として、細胞内の酵素、例えば、ホスファターゼが挙げられる。リン酸塩系の連結基の例としては、-O-P(O)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(S)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(S)(SRk)-O-、-S-P(O)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(O)(ORk)-S-、-S-P(O)(ORk)-S-、-O-P(S)(ORk)-S-、-S-P(S)(ORk)-O-、-O-P(O)(Rk)-O-、-O-P(S)(Rk)-O-、-S-P(O)(Rk)-O-、-S-P(S)(Rk)-O-、-S-P(O)(Rk)-S-、-O-P(S)(Rk)-S-が挙げられる。好ましい実施形態は、-O-P(O)(OH)-O-、-O-P(S)(OH)-O-、-O-P(S)(SH)-O-、-S-P(O)(OH)-O-、-O-P(O)(OH)-S-、-S-P(O)(OH)-S-、-O-P(S)(OH)-S-、-S-P(S)(OH)-O-、-O-P(O)(H)-O-、-O-P(S)(H)-O-、-S-P(O)(H)-O-、-S-P(S)(H)-O-、-S-P(O)(H)-S-、-O-P(S)(H)-S-である。好ましい実施形態は、-O-P(O)(OH)-O-である。これらの候補は、上記の方法と類似した方法を使用して評価することができる。
酸性開裂可能連結基は、酸性条件下で開裂する連結基である。好ましい実施形態では、酸性開裂可能連結基は、約6.5以下(例えば、約6.0、5.5、5.0、またはそれ以下)のpHの酸性環境において、または一般酸として機能し得る作用剤、例えば、酵素剤によって開裂する。細胞において、特定のpHの低い細胞小器官、例えば、エンドソームおよびリソソームは、酸性開裂可能連結基に開裂環境を提供することができる。酸性開裂可能連結基の例としては、限定されるものではないが、ヒドラゾン、エステル、およびアミノ酸エステルが挙げられる。酸性開裂可能な基は、一般式:-C=NN-、C(O)O、または-OC(O)を有し得る。好ましい一実施形態は、エステル(アルコキシ基)の酵素に結合した炭素が、アリール基、置換アルキル基、または第3級アルキル基、例えば、ジメチルペンチルもしくはt-ブチルである場合である。これらの候補は、上記の方法と類似した方法を使用して評価することができる。
エステル系開裂可能連結基は、細胞内の酵素、例えば、エステラーゼおよびアミダーゼによって開裂する。エステル系開裂可能連結基の例としては、限定されるものではないが、アルキレン基、アルケニレン基、およびアルキニレン基のエステルが挙げられる。エステル系開裂可能連結基は、一般式:-C(O)O-または-OC(O)-を有する。これらの候補は、上記の方法と類似した方法を使用して評価することができる。
ペプチド系開裂可能連結基は、細胞内の酵素、例えば、ペプチダーゼおよびプロテアーゼによって開裂する。ペプチド系開裂可能連結基は、オリゴペプチド(例えば、ジペプチド、トリペプチドなど)およびポリペプチドが生じる、アミノ酸間に形成されるペプチド結合である。ペプチド系開裂可能連結基は、アミド基(-C(O)NH-)を含まない。アミド基は、任意のアルキレン、アルケニレン、またはアルキニレン間で形成され得る。ペプチド結合は、ペプチドおよびタンパク質が生成するアミノ酸間に形成されるアミド結合の特別な種類である。ペプチド系開裂基は、一般に、ペプチドおよびタンパク質が生じる、アミノ酸間に形成されるペプチド結合(即ち、アミド結合)に限定され、アミド官能基全体を含むものではない。ペプチド系開裂可能連結基は、一般式:-NHCHRAC(O)NHCHRBC(O)-を有し、RAおよびRBは、2つの隣接するアミノ酸のR基である。これらの候補は、上記の方法と類似した方法を使用して評価することができる。本明細書で使用される「糖質」は、それぞれの炭素原子に酸素原子、窒素原子、もしくは硫黄原子が結合した少なくとも6つの炭素原子(直鎖、分岐鎖、もしくは環状でも良い)を有する1つ以上の単糖単位から形成される糖質自体;または、それぞれの炭素原子に酸素原子、窒素原子、もしくは硫黄原子が結合した少なくとも6つの炭素原子(直鎖、分岐鎖、もしくは環状でも良い)をそれぞれ有する1つ以上の単糖単位から形成される糖質部分をその一部として有する化合物を指す。代表的な糖質としては、糖(単糖、二糖、三糖、および約4~9の単糖単位を含むオリゴ糖)、ならびに多糖、例えば、スターチ、グリコーゲン、セルロース、および多糖ガムが挙げられる。特定の単糖としては、C5および上記の(好ましくはC5~C8)糖が挙げられ;二糖および三糖としては、2つまたは3つの単糖単位(好ましくはC5~C8)を有する糖が挙げられる。
別の実施形態では、本発明は、標的遺伝子の発現を阻害することができるdsRNA剤に関する。このdsRNA剤は、センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖を含み、各鎖は、14~30のヌクレオチドを有する。センス鎖は、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる少なくとも1つのモチーフを含み、モチーフの少なくとも1つが、アンチセンス鎖の切断部位またはその近傍に存在する。センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖における各ヌクレオチドは修飾されている。センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖における修飾はそれぞれ独立して、少なくとも2つの異なる修飾を有する。
リポソーム。説明を容易にするために、このセクションにおける製剤、組成物、および方法は、主に無修飾siRNA化合物に関して説明する。しかしながら、これらの製剤、組成物、および方法は、他のsiRNA化合物、例えば、修飾siRNAを用いて実施することができ、このような実施が、本発明の範囲内であることを理解できよう。siRNA化合物、例えば、二本鎖siRNA化合物、またはssiRNA化合物、(例えば、前駆体、例えば、ssiRNA化合物にプロセシングすることができるより大きなsiRNA化合物、またはsiRNA化合物、例えば、二本鎖siRNA化合物をコードするDNA、またはssiRNA化合物、またはそれらの前駆体)調製物は、送達するために膜分子集合体、例えば、リポソームまたはミセルに製剤することができる。本明細書で使用される「リポソーム」という語は、少なくとも1つの二重層、例えば、1つの二重層または複数の二重層で構成された両親媒性脂質からなる小胞を指す。リポソームは、親油性材料および水性内部から形成される膜を有する単層小胞および多層小胞を含む。水性部分は、siRNA組成物を含む。親油性材料は、水性内部を水性外部から隔離し、この水性外部は、典型的にはsiRNA組成物を含まないが、一部の例では含むこともある。リポソームは、有効成分の作用部位への移送および送達に有用である。リポソーム膜は、生体膜に構造的に類似しているため、リポソームが組織に接触すると、リポソーム二重層が、細胞膜の二重層と融合する。リポソームと細胞との一体化が進むと、siRNAを含む内部水性成分が、細胞内に送達され、そこで、siRNAは、標的RNAに特異的に結合して、RNAiを媒介することができる。場合によって、リポソームは、特異的に標的化され、例えば、siRNAを特定の細胞型に誘導する。
本発明のiRNA剤は、医薬用途用に製剤することができる。薬学的に許容される組成物は、単独で、あるいは1種以上の薬学的に許容される担体(添加剤)、賦形剤、および/または希釈剤と共に製剤される、前述の実施形態の何れかの1種以上のdsRNA剤を治療有効量、含む。
iRNAを含む組成物は、様々な経路によって対象に送達することができる。例示的な経路としては:静脈、皮下、局所、直腸、肛門、膣、鼻、肺、眼が挙げられる。
一態様では、本発明は、dsRNA剤、例えば、siRNA剤を対象(例えば、ヒト対象)に投与する方法を取り上げる。この方法は、(a)二本鎖部分が、14~30のヌクレオチド長さ、例えば、21~23のヌクレオチド長さである、(b)標的RNA(例えば、外来性または病原体標的RNA)に対して相補的である、かつ、任意選択で、(c)1~5のヌクレオチド長さの少なくとも1つの3’オーバーハングを含む、dsRNA剤、例えば、siRNA剤、例えば、二本鎖siRNA剤の単位用量を投与するステップを含む。一実施形態では、単位用量は、体重1kg当たり10mg未満、または体重1kg当たり10mg未満、5mg未満、2mg未満、1mg未満、0.5mg未満、0.1mg未満、0.05mg未満、0.01mg未満、0.005mg未満、0.001mg未満、0.0005mg未満、0.0001mg未満、0.00005mg未満、または0.00001mg未満であり、かつ体重1kg当たり200nmol未満のRNA剤(例えば、約4.4×1016のコピー)、または体重1kg当たり1500nmol未満、750nmol未満、300nmol未満、150nmol未満、75nmol未満、15nmol未満、7.5nmol未満、1.5nmol未満、0.75nmol未満、0.15nmol未満、0.075nmol未満、0.015nmol未満、0.0075nmol未満、0.0015nmol未満、0.00075nmol未満、0.00015nmol未満のRNA剤である。
本発明の実施形態は、標的遺伝子の発現を阻害する方法にも関する。この方法は、前述のいずれかの実施形態のdsRNA剤を、標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するのに有効な量、投与するステップを含む。
細胞の培養およびトランスフェクション:
ヒトHep3B細胞またはラットH.II.4.E細胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA)を、10%FBS、ストレプトマイシン、およびグルタミン(ATCC)が添加されたRPMI(ATCC)中、5%CO2の大気で、37℃でほぼコンフルエンスになるまで増殖させてから、トリプシン処理によりプレートから剥離させた。1ウェルに付き14.8μlのOpti-MEMと0.2μlのLipofectamine RNAiMax(Invitrogen, Carlsbad CA.cat#13778-150)を、96ウェルプレートの5μlのsiRNA二重鎖が入っている各ウェルに添加し、室温で15分間インキュベートすることによってトランスフェクションを行った。約2×104 Hep3B細胞を含む、抗生物質無添加の80μlの完全増殖培地をsiRNA混合物に添加した。細胞を、24時間または120時間インキュベートしてから、RNAを精製した。単回投与実験を、10nMおよび0.1nMの最終二重鎖濃度で行い、用量反応実験を、10nMの最終二重鎖濃度の最大投与量で8倍、4倍の段階希釈を用いて行った。
細胞を採取し、150μlの溶解/結合緩衝液中で溶解し、次いで、Eppendorf Thermomixerを用いて850rpmで5分間混合した(混合速度を全過程で同じとした)。10μlの磁気ビーズおよび80μlの溶解/結合緩衝液の混合物を丸底プレートに添加し、1分間混合した。磁気ビーズを、磁気スタンドを用いて捕捉し、ビーズをかく乱せずに上清を除去した。上清を除去した後、溶解した細胞を残りのビーズに添加し、5分間混合した。上清を除去した後、磁気ビーズを、150μlの洗浄緩衝液Aで2回洗浄し、1分間混合した。ビーズを再び捕捉し、上清を除去した。次いで、ビーズを150μlの洗浄緩衝液Bで洗浄し、ビーズを捕捉し、上清を除去した。次いで、ビーズを150μlの溶出緩衝液で洗浄し、捕捉し、上清を除去した。次に、ビーズを150μlの溶出緩衝液で洗浄し、捕捉し、上清を除去した。ビーズを2分間乾燥させた。乾燥後、50μlの溶出緩衝液を添加し、70℃で5分間混合した。ビーズを磁気上に5分間捕捉した。40μlの上清を取り出し、別の96ウェルプレートに添加した。
1回の反応に付き、1μlの10×緩衝液、0.4μlの25×dTNP、1μlのランダムプライマー、0.5μlの逆転写酵素、0.5μlのRNA分解酵素阻害剤、および1.6μlのH2Oを含むマスターミックスを5μlの全RNAに添加した。cDNAを、Bio-Rad C-1000またはS-1000サーマルサイクラーを用いて、25℃で10分、37℃で120分、85℃で5秒、4℃に保持するステップによって作製した。
2μlのcDNAを、384ウェルプレート((Roche cat#04887301001)の各ウェルの0.5μlのGAPDH TaqManプローブ(Applied Biosystems Cat#4326317E(ヒト) Cat#4308313(げっ歯類))、0.5μlのTTR TaqManプローブ(Applied Biosystems cat#HS00174914_m1(ヒト)cat#Rn00562124_m1(ラット))、および5μlのLightcycler 480プローブマスターミックス(Roche Cat#04887301001)を含むマスターミックスに添加した。リアルタイムPCRを、Roche LC 480 Real Time PCR装置(Roche)で行った。特段の記載がない限り、各二重鎖を、少なくとも2つの別個のトランスフェクションで試験し、各トランスフェクションを二連でアッセイした。
1.オリゴヌクレオチド合成:
全てのオリゴヌクレオチドを、AKTAoligopilot合成機またはABI 394合成機で合成した。特段の記載がない限り、オリゴヌクレオチドの合成には、市販の制御された孔を有するガラス固体支持体(dT-CPG,500Å,Prime Synthesis)、および標準的な保護基を有するRNAホスホラミダイト、5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル N6-ベンゾイル-2’-t-ブチルジメチルシリル-アデノシン-3’-O-N,N’-ジイソプロピル-2-シアノエチルホスホラミダイト、5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-N4-アセチル-2’-t-ブチルジメチルシリル-シチジン-3’-O-N,N’-ジイソプロピル-2-シアノエチルホスホラミダイト、5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-N2-イソブチリル(isobutryl)-2’-t-ブチルジメチルシリル-グアノシン-3’-O-N,N’-ジイソプロピル-2-シアノエチルホスホラミダイト、および5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-2’-t-ブチルジメチルシリル-ウリジン-3’-O-N,N’-ジイソプロピル-2-シアノエチルホスホラミダイト(Pierce Nucleic Acids Technologies)を用いた。2’-F ホスホラミダイト、5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-N4-アセチル-2’-フルオロ-シチジン-3’-O-N,N’-ジイソプロピル-2-シアノエチル-ホスホラミダイトおよび5’-O-ジメトキシトリチル-2’-フルオロ-ウリジン-3’-O-N,N’-ジイソプロピル-2-シアノエチル-ホスホラミダイトは(Promega)から購入した。全てのホスホラミダイトは、10% THF/ANC(v/v)中、0.2Mの濃度で使用したグアノシンを除いて、アセトニトリル(CH3CN)中、0.2Mの濃度で使用した。16分のカップリング/リサイクリング時間を使用した。活性化物質は、5-エチルチオテトラゾール(0.75M、American International Chemicals)であり、PO酸化用にはヨウ素/水/ピリジンを使用し、PS酸化用には2,6-ルチジン/ACN(1:1 v/v)に溶解したPADS(2%)を使用した。
合成の完了後、支持体を100mlガラスボトル(VWR)に移した。80mLのエタノールアンモニア[アンモニア:エタノール(3:1)]の混合物を用いて、55℃で6.5時間、塩基とリン酸基を脱保護すると同時にオリゴヌクレオチドを支持体から切断した。ボトルを氷上で短時間冷却し、次いで、エタノールアンモニア混合物を濾過して、新しい250mLのボトルに入れた。CPGを2×40mL部のエタノール/水(1:1 v/v)で洗浄した。次いで、混合物の容量をロトバップで約30mLにまで減らした。次いで、この混合物をドライアイス上で凍結させ、スピードバックにより真空下で乾燥させた。
乾燥残渣を26mlのトリエチルアミン、トリエチルアミン三フッ化水素酸塩(TEA.3HF)、またはピリジン-HFとDMSO(3:4:6)に再懸濁し、60℃で90分間加熱して、2’位のtert-ブチルジメチルシリル(TBDMS)基を除去した。次いで、反応を50mlの20mM酢酸ナトリウムでクエンチし、pHを6.5に調整し、精製までフリーザーで保存した。
オリゴヌクレオチドは、精製の前に高性能液体クロマトグラフィー(HPLC)で分析し、緩衝液とカラムの選択は、配列およびまたはコンジュゲートしたリガンドの性質によって決まる。
リガンドがコンジュゲートしたオリゴヌクレオチドを、逆相分取HPLCによって精製した。非コンジュゲートオリゴヌクレオチドは、社内で充填されたTSKゲルカラム上のアニオン-交換HPLCによって精製した。緩衝液は、10%CH3CN(緩衝液A)中の20mMのリン酸ナトリウム(pH8.5)および10%CH3CN、1MのNaBr(緩衝液B)中の20mMのリン酸ナトリウム(pH8.5)とした。完全長オリゴヌクレオチドを含む分画をプールし、脱塩し、そして凍結乾燥させた。ODが約0.15の脱塩オリゴヌクレオチドを150μlになるまで水で希釈し、次いで、CGEおよびLC/MS分析用の特殊なバイアルにピペットで移した。最後に、化合物をLC-ESMSおよびCGEによって分析した。
siRNAの調製のために、等モル量のセンス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖を、1×PBS中、95℃で5分間加熱し、ゆっくりと冷却して室温にした。二重鎖の完全性をHPLC分析によって確認した。
各修飾siRNAのIC50は、Lipofectamine RNAiMAXを用いた標準的な逆トランスフェクションによってHep3B細胞で決定する。簡単に述べると、逆トランスフェクションは、96ウェルプレートの各ウェルの5μLのsiRNA二重鎖に5μLのOpti-MEMを、10μlのOpti-MEMと0.5μLのLipofectamine RNAiMax(Invitrogen,Carlsbad CA.cat#13778-150)と共に添加し、室温で15~20分間インキュベートすることによって行う。インキュベーション後、12,000~15,000のHep3B細胞を含む、抗生物質無添加の100μLの完全増殖培地を各ウェルに添加する。細胞を、5%CO2の大気、37℃で24時間インキュベートしてから溶解し、bDNA(Quantigene)によりApoBおよびGAPDH mRNAを分析する。10nM~0.6pMの範囲の7つの異なるsiRNA濃度を、IC50の決定のために評価し、ApoBトランスフェクト細胞のApoB/GAPDHを、10nMのLuc siRNAでトランスフェクトされた細胞に対して正規化する。
細胞培養およびトランスフェクション
Hep3B細胞(ATCC,Manassas,VA)を、10%FBS、ストレプトマイシン、およびグルタミン(ATCC)が添加されたRPMI(ATCC)中、5%CO2の大気で、37℃でほぼコンフルエンスになるまで増殖させてから、トリプシン処理によりプレートから剥離させた。1ウェルに付き14.8μlのOpti-MEMと0.2μlのLipofectamine RNAiMax(Invitrogen,Carlsbad CA.cat#13778-150)を、96ウェルプレートの5μlのsiRNA二重鎖が入っている各ウェルに添加し、室温で15分間インキュベートすることによってトランスフェクションを行った。約2×104のHep3B細胞を含む、抗生物質無添加の80μlの完全増殖培地をsiRNA混合物に添加した。細胞を、24時間または120時間インキュベートしてから、RNAを精製した。特段の記載がない限り、単回投与実験は、10nMおよび0.1nMの最終二重鎖濃度で行い、用量反応実験は、10nM、1nM、0.5nM、0.1nM、0.05nM、0.01nM、0.005nM、0.001nM、0.0005nM、0.0001nM、0.00005nM、および0.00001nMの最終二重鎖濃度で行った。
1回の反応に付き、2μlの10×緩衝液、0.8μlの25×dNTP、2μlのランダムプライマー、1μlの逆転写酵素、1μlのRNA分解酵素阻害剤、および3.2μlのH2Oを含むマスターミックスを10μlの全RNAに添加した。cDNAを、Bio-Rad C-1000またはS-1000サーマルサイクラー(Hercules,CA)を用いて次のステップ:25℃で10分間、37℃で120分間、85℃で5秒間、4℃に保持によって作製した。
2μlのcDNAを、384ウェル50プレート(Roche cat#04887301001)の各ウェルのマスターミックス(0.5μlのGAPDH TaqManプローブ(Applied Biosystems Cat#4326317E)、0.5μlのANGPTL TaqManプローブ(Applied Biosystems cat#Hs00205581_m1)、および5μlのLightcycler 480プローブマスターミックス(Roche Cat#04887301001)を含む)に添加した。リアルタイムPCRを、ΔΔCt(RQ)アッセイを用いてABI 7900HT リアルタイムPCRシステム(Applied Biosystems)で行った。要約表に特段の記載がない限り、各二重鎖を2つの別個のトランスフェクションで試験し、各トランスフェクションを二連でアッセイした。
センス鎖:cuuAcGcuGAGuAcuucGAdTsdT;
アンチセンス鎖:UCGAAGuACUcAGCGuAAGdTsdT。
Claims (24)
- 標的遺伝子の発現を阻害することができる二本鎖RNAi剤であって、センス鎖およびアンチセンス鎖を含み、前記各鎖が、14~30のヌクレオチドを有し、二重鎖が、以下の式(III)で表され:
センス鎖:5’np-Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na-nq3’
アンチセンス鎖:3’np’-Na’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na’-nq’5’
(III)
式中、
i、j、k、およびlはそれぞれ独立して、0または1であり、iとkが同じであり、そして、jとlが同じであり;
pおよびqはそれぞれ独立して、0~6であり;
各NaおよびNa’は独立して、2~25の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、前記各配列が、少なくとも2つの異なって修飾されたヌクレオチドを含み、各NbおよびNb’は独立して、1~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し;
各np、np’、nq、およびnq’は独立して、0~6のヌクレオチドを含むオーバーハングヌクレオチド配列を表し;
XXX、YYY、ZZZ、X’X’X’、Y’Y’Y’、およびZ’Z’Z’はそれぞれ独立して、3つの連続したヌクレオチドにおける3つの同一の修飾からなる1つのモチーフを表し;かつ
YYYの次の各Nbのヌクレオチドの修飾が、Yの修飾とは異なり、Y’Y’Y’の次の各Nb’のヌクレオチドの修飾が、Y’の修飾とは異なり、
Y’が2’-OMeであり;
Yが2’-Fであり;
YYYモチーフが、前記センス鎖の切断部位またはその近傍に存在し;
各NaヌクレオチドはNa’ヌクレオチドと塩基対を形成し、
各NbヌクレオチドはNb’ヌクレオチドと塩基対を形成し、
iとkが1であるとき、各XヌクレオチドはX’ヌクレオチドと塩基対を形成し、
各YヌクレオチドはY’ヌクレオチドと塩基対を形成し、
jとlが1であるとき、各ZヌクレオチドはZ’ヌクレオチドと塩基対を形成し、そして
各ヌクレオチド修飾は独立して、LNA、HNA、CeNA、2’-メトキシエチル、2’-O-アルキル、2’-O-アリル、2’-C-アリル、2’-フルオロ、2’-デオキシ、およびこれらの組み合わせからなる群から選択され;そして
アンチセンス鎖は、1つ、2つ、3つ、4つ、5つ、6つ、7つ、8つ、9つ、10、11、12、13、14、15、16、17、もしくは18のリン酸塩のヌクレオチド間結合によって分離された2つのホスホロチオエートのヌクレオチド間結合の2つのブロックを含む、
二本鎖RNAi剤。 - iが1である;jが1である;またはiとjの両方が1である、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- kが1である;lが1である;またはkとlの両方が1である、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 二重鎖領域が17~23のヌクレオチド長さであるとき、Y’Y’Y’モチーフは、アンチセンス鎖の9位、10位、11位;10位、11位、12位;11位、12位、13位;12位、13位、14位;または13位、14位、15位に存在し、この位置は、アンチセンス鎖の5’末端から、最初のヌクレオチドから数え始められる;またはアンチセンス鎖の5’末端から、二重鎖領域内の最初の塩基対形成ヌクレオチドから数え始められる、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 式中、iとkが1であり、jとlが0であり、そして、各NbおよびNb’は独立して、1~5の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表している、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 式中、iとkが0であり、jとlが1であり、そして、各NbおよびNb’は独立して、1~5の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表している、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 前記式(III)が式(IIIc)として表され:
5’np-Na-XXX-Nb-YYY-Nb-ZZZ-Na-nq3’
3’np ’-Na ’-X’X’X’-Nb ’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb ’-Z’Z’Z’-Na ’-nq ’5’
(IIIc)
式中、各NbおよびNb’は独立して、1~5の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表し、各NaおよびNa’は独立して、2~10の修飾ヌクレオチドを含むオリゴヌクレオチド配列を表している、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。 - 二重鎖領域が、17~30のヌクレオチド対の長さである、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 二重鎖領域が、17~19のヌクレオチド対の長さである、請求項8に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 二重鎖領域が、27~30のヌクレオチド対の長さである、請求項8に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 前記各鎖が、17~30のヌクレオチドを有する、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 前記修飾ヌクレオチドが、2’-OCH3または2’-Fの何れかで修飾されている、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 少なくとも1つのリガンドをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 前記リガンドが、二価または三価分岐リンカーによって付着された1つ以上のGalNAc誘導体である、請求項13に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 前記リガンドが、前記センス鎖の3’末端に付着している、請求項13に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 少なくとも1つのメチルホスホネートのヌクレオチド間結合をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 前記二重鎖の5’末端の1位の塩基対が、AU塩基対である、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 式
5’Na-(XXX)i-Nb-YYY-Nb-(ZZZ)j-Na3’
3’np’-Na ’-(X’X’X’)k-Nb’-Y’Y’Y’-Nb’-(Z’Z’Z’)l-Na’5’
として表される、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。 - 各Naおよび/またはNbが、交互パターンの修飾を含む、請求項1に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 交互パターンがAB交互パターンである、請求項19に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤。
- 請求項1~20の何れか1項に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤を単独で、または薬学的に許容される担体もしくは賦形剤と共に含む医薬組成物。
- 請求項1~20の何れか1項に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤を標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するのに有効な量で含む、前記標的遺伝子の発現を阻害するための組成物。
- 前記二本鎖RNAi剤が、皮下投与または静脈投与によって投与される、請求項22に記載の組成物。
- 対象の特定の標的にポリヌクレオチドを送達するための組成物であって、前記組成物が、前記ポリヌクレオチドが前記対象の前記特定の標的に送達されるように、請求項1~20の何れか1項に記載の二本鎖RNAi剤を含み、皮下投与によって前記対象に投与される、組成物。
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