JP6889303B2 - 植物調節エレメントおよびその使用 - Google Patents
植物調節エレメントおよびその使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本出願は、その全体が参照により本明細書に組み込まれる2013年3月14日出願の米国仮出願番号第61/785,245号の利益を請求する。
54.4キロバイト(Microsoft Windows(登録商標)において測定)であり、かつ2014年3月12日に作成されたファイル名「MONS331WO.txt」に含まれている配列表は、本明細書とともに電子提出によって出願され、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる。
本発明は、植物における遺伝子発現を調節するのに有用な植物分子生物学、植物遺伝子工学、およびDNA分子の分野に関する。
配列番号1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、19、21、および23はプロモーター配列である。
本明細書で使用する場合、用語「DNA」または「DNA分子」は、ゲノム起源または合成起源の二本鎖DNA分子、すなわち、デオキシリボヌクレオチド塩基の重合体を指す。本明細書で使用する場合、用語「DNA配列」は、DNA分子のヌクレオチド配列を指す。本明細書で使用する命名法は、合衆国法典の特許、商標および著作権に関する連邦規則第1.822条の命名法に対応し、WIPO標準ST.25(1998)、補遺2、表1および表3における表に示されている。
プロモーター、リーダー、エンハンサー、イントロン、および転写終結領域(もしくは3’UTR)などの調節エレメントは、生細胞における遺伝子の全体的な発現における統合部分を担っている。用語「調節エレメント」とは、本明細書で使用する場合、遺伝子調節活性を有するDNA分子を指す。用語「遺伝子調節活性」とは、本明細書で使用する場合、例えば操作可能に連結された転写可能なDNA分子の転写および/または翻訳に影響することによって、当該操作可能に連結された転写可能なDNA分子の発現に影響する能力を指す。植物において機能するプロモーター、リーダー、エンハンサー、イントロンおよび3’UTRなどの調節エレメントはそれゆえ、遺伝子工学を通じて植物の表現型を修飾するのに有用である。
本明細書で使用する場合、用語「コンストラクト」とは、少なくとも1つのDNA分子が別のDNA分子へ、機能的に操作する様式で連結された、すなわち操作可能に連結されたDNA分子を含む、ゲノム組み込みまたは自己複製が可能な、何らかの源に由来する、プラスミド、コスミド、ウイルス、ファージ、または直鎖もしくは環状のDNA分子もしくはRNA分子などの、何らかの組換えDNA分子を意味する。本明細書で使用する場合、用語「ベクター」は、形質転換、すなわち、異種性DNAまたはRNAの宿主細胞への導入の目的に使用してもよい何らかのコンストラクトを意味する。コンストラクトには典型的には、1つ以上の発現カセットを含む。本明細書で使用する場合、「発現カセット」とは、1つ以上の調節エレメント、典型的には少なくともプロモーターおよび3’UTRへ操作可能に連結された少なくとも転写可能なDNA分子を含むDNA分子を指す。
本明細書で使用する場合、用語「転写可能なDNA分子」とは、タンパク質コード配列を有するものおよび遺伝子抑制に有用な配列を有するRNA分子を生成するものを含むがこれらに限定されない、RNA分子へ転写することのできる何らかのDNA分子を指す。DNA分子の種類には、同じ植物由来のDNA分子、別の植物由来のDNA分子、異なる生体由来のDNA分子、あるいは遺伝子のアンチセンスメッセージを含有するDNA分子または導入遺伝子の人工的な、合成の、もしくは修飾されたバージョンをコードするDNA分子などの合成DNA分子を含むことができるが、これらに限定されない。本発明のコンストラクトへの組み込みのための例示的な転写可能なDNA分子には、例えば、DNA分子が組み込まれた種以外の種に由来するDNA分子または遺伝子、あるいは、同じ種に由来するもしくは存在するが、古典的な育種技術よりもむしろ遺伝子工学法によって受け手細胞へと組み込まれる遺伝子を含む。
転写可能なDNA分子は、農学上関心対象の遺伝子であってもよい。本明細書で使用する場合、用語「農学上関心対象の遺伝子」とは、特定の植物の組織、細胞、または細胞型において発現した場合に所望の特徴を与える、転写可能なDNA分子を指す。農学上関心対象の遺伝子の産物は、植物の形態、生理学的状態、生育、発達、収量、穀粒組成、栄養特性、疾患もしくは病害虫への抵抗性、および/または環境上のもしくは化学的な耐性に及ぼす効果を生じるために、当該植物内で作用してもよく、あるいは、当該植物において供給する病害虫の食餌における殺虫薬として作用してもよい。本発明の一実施形態において、本発明の調節エレメントは、農学上関心対象の遺伝子である転写可能なDNA分子へ調節エレメントが操作可能に連結されるよう、コンストラクトへと組み込まれる。このようなコンストラクトを含有するトランスジェニック植物において、農学上関心対象の遺伝子の発現は、有益な農学的形質を与えることができる。有益な農学的形質には、除草剤耐性、昆虫駆除、改変された収量、疾患抵抗性、病原体抵抗性、改変された植物の生育および発達、改変されたデンプン含有量、改変された含油量、改変された脂肪酸含有量、改変されたタンパク質含有量、改変された果実成熟、亢進した動物およびヒトの栄養状態、生体高分子産生、環境ストレス抵抗性、医薬ペプチド、改善されたプロセシングの質、改善された風味、複合種子産生有用性、改善された繊維産生、ならびに所望のバイオ燃料産生を含んでもよいがこれらに限定されない。
選択可能なマーカー導入遺伝子はまた、本発明の調節エレメントともに使用してもよい。本明細書で使用する場合、用語「選択可能なマーカー導入遺伝子」とは、トランスジェニック植物、組織または細胞における発現あるいはその欠失がいくつかの方法でスクリーニングされ、または点数化することのできる何らかの転写可能なDNA分子を指す。本発明の実施における使用のための選択可能なマーカー遺伝子ならびにその関連する選択およびスクリーニングの技術は、当該技術分野で公知であり、β−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)、緑色蛍光タンパク質(GFP)、抗生物質抵抗性を与えるタンパク質、および除草剤耐性を与えるタンパク質をコードする転写可能なDNA分子を含むが、これらに限定されない。
大腸菌K−12から単離されたβ−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)は、植物生物工学においてもっとも広範に使用されるリポート遺伝子のうちの1つである。大腸菌GUS遺伝子uidAは、細菌染色体上のGUSオペロンの一部である。uidAは、広範な種々のβ−D−グルクロニドによって誘導される。当該GUS酵素は、β−D−グルクロニドからD−グルクロン酸およびアグリコンへの加水分解を触媒するエキソヒドロラーゼである。大腸菌は、ヒトを含む脊椎動物の消化管の中で生きている。脊椎動物は、グルクロン酸抱合経路を利用して、薬物動態ならびにステロイド類、脂肪族アルコール類、フェノール類、カルボン酸類、糖類および種々の他の代謝産物などの内在性廃棄化合物を解毒する。グルクロン酸抱合は、D−グルクロン酸との共役を包含する。このことは主として肝臓で生じるが、腎臓、副腎、および消化管などの他の組織および器官においても生じる。グルクロン酸は、大腸菌によって炭素およびエネルギーのための主要源として利用することができる。大腸菌GUSタンパク質はそれゆえ、当該細菌が脊椎動物の消化管におけるグルクロン酸抱合経路の産物を分解してグルクロン酸を炭素およびエネルギーの源として生じることができる手段を提供する。またGUS酵素によって遊離するアグリコンは概して、当該細菌によって分解されるだけでなく、D−グルクロン酸のためのシャトルとしても利用される(Gilissenら,Transgenic Research,7:157〜163,1998)。
本発明はまた、転写可能なDNA分子へ操作可能に連結された1つ以上の調節エレメントを含む形質転換した細胞および植物を作る方法に関する。
(調節エレメントの識別およびクローニング)
新規のRCc3プロモーターおよびリーダーを単子葉植物種ハトムギ(Coix)(ハトムギ(Coix lacryma−jobi))、オニメヒシバ(Hairy crabgrass)(オニメヒシバ(Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.))、イトススキ(Maiden grass)(イトススキ(Miscanthus sinensis f. gracillimus))、ガマグラス(Gama grass)(トリプサクム・ダクチロイデス(Tripsacum dactyloides))およびサトウキビ(Sugarcane)(サトウキビ(Saccharum officinarum))のゲノムDNAから識別およびクローニングした。RCc3タンパク質は、プロラミンスーパーファミリーに属し、その名前は、穀類のアルコール可溶性プロリンおよびグルタミン富化貯蔵タンパク質に由来する。プロラミンスーパーファミリー(プロテアーゼ阻害薬/脂質転移タンパク質/種子貯蔵2Sアルブミンファミリーとも呼ぶ;Pfam ID:PF00234)は、当該植物ゲノムにおける最も広範性のあるタンパク質スーパーファミリーのうちの1つを表す。プロラミンスーパーファミリーのメンバーは、種々の植物の果実、木の実、種子、および野菜において豊富である。当該メンバーは、種子の貯蔵および防護、脂質の結合もしくは輸送、ならびに酵素阻害を含む多岐にわたる機能を呈することが知られている。脂質輸送タンパク質(LTP)は、プロラミンスーパーファミリーに属し、種々の植物組織において発現する。コメRCc3タンパク質は、コメの根に発現するLTPであるが、LTPタンパク質がすべて根に特異的であるわけではない。
(トランスジェニックトウモロコシにおけるGUSを駆動する調節エレメントの分析)
トウモロコシ植物をベクター、具体的にはβ−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)導入遺伝子の発現を駆動する天然のRCc3リーダーへ操作可能に連結したRCc3プロモーターを含むバイナリープラスミドコンストラクトを用いて形質転換した。結果として生じる形質転換した植物をGUSタンパク質発現について分析した。
(調節エレメント由来のエンハンサー)
エンハンサーは、配列番号1、3、5、7、9、11、13、15、17、および19として呈されるものなど、本明細書に提供されるプロモーターエレメントに由来し得る。これらのエンハンサーエレメントは、プロモーターエレメントへ5’もしくは3’で操作可能に連結されたまたはプロモーターへ操作可能に連結された追加的なエンハンサーエレメントへ5’もしくは3’で操作可能に連結された場合、転写可能なDNA分子の発現を亢進もしくは調節することができ、あるいは特異的な細胞型もしくは植物器官におけるまたは発達もしくは該日リズムの特定の時点における転写可能なDNA分子の発現を提供することができる1つ以上のシス調節エレメントから構成してもよい。エンハンサーは、TATAボックスもしくは機能的に類似のエレメントおよび何らかの下流のDNA配列を、その断片を含む先に説明したような本明細書に提供されるプロモーターから開始できるように転写するプロモーターから除去することによって作られ、当該プロモーターにおいて、TATAボックスもしくは機能的に類似のエレメントおよびTATAボックスの下流のDNA配列は除去される。
コドンの再設計されたβ−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)を用いたより高いアッセイ感度
植物プロモーターはしばしば、多くの定量的アッセイの正常検出閾値を下回る水準で発現するにもかかわらず、当該プロモーターの発現特徴は、ある導入遺伝子の発現について非常に価値があり得る。より初期の植物生物工学において、高い恒常的発現を駆動するプロモーターは望ましく、当該プロモーターを用いて、除草剤耐性もしくは昆虫抵抗性などの高い恒常的発現を必要とする特異的な表現型を生じる転写可能なDNA分子を駆動した。これらの高い恒常的プロモーターはしばしば、植物ゲノムよりもむしろ植物ウイルスのゲノムに由来し、例えば、35Sプロモーターはカリフラワーモザイクウイルスおよびゴマノハグサモザイクウイルスに由来した。明白に、ある場合においては、ある転写可能なDNA分子の高い恒常的発現は、導入遺伝子のサイレンシング、表現型の発現停止、または収量低下など、負の結果をもたらし得る。例えば、サトウキビ由来の2つの異なるユビキチンプロモーターおよびトウモロコシのユビキチンプロモーターを用いたトランスジェニックサトウキビ植物におけるGUS遺伝子の高い発現は、GUS遺伝子の転写後遺伝子サイレンシングを結果として生じた(Weiら,J.Plant Physiol.160:1241〜1251,2003)。
(トウモロコシの葉および根の原形質体におけるGUSを駆動する調節エレメントの分析)
トウモロコシの葉および根の原形質体を、β−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)導入遺伝子の発現を駆動する天然のRCc3リーダーへ操作可能に連結されたRCc3プロモーターを含むベクターを用いて形質転換し、結果として生じる形質転換した原形質体をGUSタンパク質発現について分析した。RCc3プロモーター配列およびリーダー配列を、当該技術分野で公知のおよび実施例2においてすでに説明したとおりの方法を用いて、バイナリープラスミドコンストラクトへとクローン化した。
トランスジェニックトウモロコシにおけるGUSを駆動する調節エレメントの分析
β−グルクロニダーゼ(GUS)導入遺伝子の発現を駆動する天然のRCc3リーダーへ操作可能に連結したRCc3プロモーターを含むベクターを用いて、トウモロコシ植物を形質転換した。結果として生じる形質転換した植物を、GUSタンパク質発現について分析した。
Claims (15)
- DNA配列を含む組換えDNA分子であって、
前記配列は、
a)配列番号11の全長と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するDNA配列であって、プロモーター活性を有する、DNA配列、および
b)配列番号11を含むDNA配列
からなる群から選択されるDNA配列であって、前記配列は、異種性の転写可能なポリヌクレオチド分子へ操作可能に連結されている、組換えDNA分子。 - 前記DNA配列は、配列番号11の全長のDNA配列と少なくとも95%の配列同一性を有する、請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記DNA配列は、配列番号11の全長のDNA配列と少なくとも99%の配列同一性を有する、請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記異種性の転写可能なポリヌクレオチド分子は、農学上関心対象の遺伝子を含む、請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記農学上関心対象の遺伝子は、植物における除草剤耐性を与える、請求項4に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- 前記農学上関心対象の遺伝子は、植物における昆虫抵抗性を与える、請求項4に記載の組換えDNA分子。
- DNA配列を含む組換えDNA分子を含むトランスジェニック植物細胞であって、
前記配列は、
a)配列番号11の全長と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するDNA配列であって、プロモーター活性を有する、DNA配列、および
b)配列番号11を含むDNA配列
からなる群から選択されるDNA配列であって、前記配列は、異種性の転写可能なポリヌクレオチド分子へ操作可能に連結されている、トランスジェニック植物細胞。 - 前記トランスジェニック植物細胞は、単子葉植物細胞である、請求項7に記載のトランスジェニック植物細胞。
- 前記トランスジェニック植物細胞は、双子葉植物細胞である、請求項7に記載のトランスジェニック植物細胞。
- DNA配列を含む組換えDNA分子を含むトランスジェニック植物またはその部分であって、
前記配列は、
a)配列番号11の全長と少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有するDNA配列であって、プロモーター活性を有する、DNA配列、および
b)配列番号11を含むDNA配列
からなる群から選択されるDNA配列であって、前記配列は、異種性の転写可能なポリヌクレオチド分子へ操作可能に連結されている、トランスジェニック植物またはその部分。 - 請求項10に記載のトランスジェニック植物の子孫植物またはその部分であって、前記組換えDNA分子を含む、トランスジェニック植物の子孫植物またはその部分。
- 請求項10に記載のトランスジェニック植物のトランスジェニック種子であって、前記組換えDNA分子を含む、トランスジェニック植物のトランスジェニック種子。
- 請求項10に記載のトランスジェニック植物またはその部分を得ること、およびそこから商品用産物を生産することを含む、商品用産物を生産する方法。
- 前記商品用産物は、加工した種子、穀粒、植物部分、および食品である、請求項13に記載の方法。
- トランスジェニック植物を作出する方法であって、
a)請求項1に記載の組換えDNA分子を用いて植物細胞を形質転換して、形質転換した植物細胞を産生すること、および
b)前記形質転換した植物細胞からトランスジェニック植物を再生すること
を含む、方法。
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JP2020047099A Active JP6889301B2 (ja) | 2013-03-14 | 2020-03-18 | 植物調節エレメントおよびその使用 |
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JP6980854B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-07 | 2021-12-15 | Tvs Regza株式会社 | 受信装置 |
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