JP6697824B2 - 光電変換素子、それを備えた太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電システム - Google Patents
光電変換素子、それを備えた太陽電池モジュールおよび太陽光発電システム Download PDFInfo
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- JP6697824B2 JP6697824B2 JP2016569366A JP2016569366A JP6697824B2 JP 6697824 B2 JP6697824 B2 JP 6697824B2 JP 2016569366 A JP2016569366 A JP 2016569366A JP 2016569366 A JP2016569366 A JP 2016569366A JP 6697824 B2 JP6697824 B2 JP 6697824B2
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- semiconductor layer
- amorphous semiconductor
- type amorphous
- photoelectric conversion
- conversion element
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0236—Special surface textures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0745—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells
- H01L31/0747—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Description
図1は、この発明の実施の形態1による光電変換素子の構成を示す断面図である。図1を参照して、この発明の実施の形態1による光電変換素子10は、半導体基板1と、反射防止膜2と、パッシベーション膜3と、n型非晶質半導体層4と、p型非晶質半導体層5と、電極6,7と、保護膜8とを備える。
2Si+2NaOH+3H2O→Na2Si2O5+4H2・・・(2)
3Si+4NaOH+4H2O→Na4Si3O8+6H2・・・(3)
シリコン基板の表面にテクスチャ構造を形成するために、通常、エッチング速度を制御したエッチング液を使用することにより異方性エッチングを行う。シリコン基板の表面へのテクスチャ構造の形成は、以下のメカニズムに基づく。シリコン基板のアルカリ水溶液によるエッチング速度は、シリコンの(100)面が最も早く、(111)面が最も遅い。そのため、エッチング速度を低下させることができる特定の添加剤(以下、「エッチング抑制剤」ということもある。)をアルカリ水溶液に添加することによってテクスチャエッチングの速度を抑制すると、シリコンの(100)面等のエッチングされ易い結晶面が優先的にエッチングされ、エッチング速度の遅い(111)面が表面に残存する。この(111)面は、(100)面に対して約54度の傾斜を持つためにプロセスの最終段階では(111)面とその等価な面で構成されるピラミッド状の凹凸構造が形成される。
光電変換素子10において、ギャップ領域Gの幅、隣接する開口部8A間のピッチXおよび開口部8Aの開口幅Lを変えたときの光電変換素子10を備える太陽電池モジュールを作製した。
図26は、防湿耐性試験の結果を示す図である。図26を参照して、iは、真性非晶質シリコンを表し、i/nは、真性非晶質シリコンおよびn型非晶質シリコンの積層膜を表し、i/SiNは、真性非晶質シリコンおよびシリコンナイトライドの積層膜を表す。
上述したように、光電変換素子10をモジュール化する際に、導電性接着剤または絶縁性接着剤を用いて光電変換素子10と配線シート70とを接合する工程があり、180℃、20分程度の加熱プロセスが存在する。
テクスチャ上に保護膜8を形成した場合、保護膜8の密着性が向上する効果が確認された。保護膜8は、電極6,7上に形成されている部分と、ギャップ領域Gに形成されている部分とを有し、下地の材料の選択と組み合わせによっては、剥がれが生じる可能性がある。
テクスチャが形成された面にn型非晶質半導体層とp型非晶質半導体層とをパターングした光電変換素子10と、比較例として、ミラー面を持つ基板にn型非晶質半導体層とp型非晶質半導体層とをパターニングした光電変換素子10−CMPを作製した。これらの光電変換素子10,10−CMPを150度、170度、190度、210度と温度を上げて、各々の温度で、10分間ずつ大気中で加熱し、電極の浮き上がりを観察した。
図28は、実施の形態2による光電変換素子の構成を示す概略図である。図28を参照して、実施の形態2による光電変換素子100は、図1に示す光電変換素子10のパッシベーション膜3とn型非晶質半導体層4との間およびパッシベーション膜3とp型非晶質半導体層5との間にn型非晶質半導体層9を挿入したものであり、その他は、光電変換素子10と同じである。
図31は、実施の形態3による光電変換素子の構成を示す断面図である。図31を参照して、実施の形態3による光電変換素子200は、図1に示す光電変換素子10の反射防止膜2を反射防止膜201に代え、パッシベーション膜3をパッシベーション膜202に代えたものであり、その他は、光電変換素子10と同じである。
図34は、実施の形態4による光電変換素子の構成を示す断面図である。図34を参照して、実施の形態4による光電変換素子300は、図1に示す光電変換素子10の半導体基板1を半導体基板301に代えたものであり、その他は、光電変換素子10と同じである。
図37は、実施の形態5による光電変換素子の構成を示す断面図である。図37を参照して、実施の形態5による光電変換素子400は、図1に示す光電変換素子10の半導体基板1を半導体基板401に変えたものであり、その他は、光電変換素子10と同じである。
図38は、この実施の形態による光電変換素子を備える光電変換モジュールの構成を示す概略図である。図38を参照して、光電変換モジュール1000は、複数の光電変換素子1001と、カバー1002と、出力端子1003,1004とを備える。
図39は、この実施の形態による光電変換素子を備える太陽光発電システムの構成を示す概略図である。
図42は、この実施の形態による光電変換素子を備える太陽光発電システムの構成を示す概略図である。
発電した直流電力をそれぞれ接続箱1311〜131iを介して集電箱1321へ供給する。
Claims (7)
- 一方の面の全体に凹凸形状が形成された半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記一方の面に形成されたパッシベーション膜と、
前記パッシベーション膜上に形成され、リンを含有する第1の非晶質半導体層と、
前記パッシベーション膜上に形成されるとともに前記半導体基板の面内方向において前記第1の非晶質半導体層に隣接して形成され、ボロンを含有する第2の非晶質半導体層とを備え、
前記第2の非晶質半導体層の少なくとも一部は、前記第1の非晶質半導体層の一部に接して前記第1の非晶質半導体層の一部の上に形成されている、光電変換素子。 - 前記第1の非晶質半導体層上に形成された第1の電極と、
前記第2の非晶質半導体層上に形成された第2の電極とを更に備え、
前記第1の電極の前記第2の非晶質半導体層側の端から前記第2の電極の前記第1の非晶質半導体層側の端までの領域をギャップ領域としたとき、前記第2の非晶質半導体層は、少なくとも前記ギャップ領域において前記第1の非晶質半導体層上に形成されている、請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。 - 隣り合う前記第1および第2の非晶質半導体層の領域において、前記第1の電極の前記第2の非晶質半導体層側の一部、前記第1の電極の前記第2の非晶質半導体層側の端部から前記第2の電極の前記第1の非晶質半導体層側の端部までの領域、および前記第2の電極の前記第1の非晶質半導体層側の一部の上に配置された保護膜を更に備える、請求項2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記凹凸形状は、ピラミッド状のテクスチャ形状である、請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記テクスチャ形状のサイズは、30μm未満である、請求項4に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記第1および第2の非晶質半導体層の少なくとも一方は、膜厚減少領域を有し、
前記膜厚減少領域は、前記第1の非晶質半導体層または前記第2の非晶質半導体層の膜厚が最大である点を第1の点とし、前記第1の非晶質半導体層または前記第2の非晶質半導体層の面内方向において、膜厚の減少率が第1の減少率から第1の減少率よりも大きい第2の減少率に変化する点、または膜厚の変化率の符号が負から正に変化する点を第2の点としたとき、前記第1の非晶質半導体層または前記第2の非晶質半導体層の面内方向において、第1の点から第2の点までの領域である、請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。 - 請求項1から請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子を備える太陽光発電システム。
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