WO2014157521A1 - 光電変換素子 - Google Patents
光電変換素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014157521A1 WO2014157521A1 PCT/JP2014/058870 JP2014058870W WO2014157521A1 WO 2014157521 A1 WO2014157521 A1 WO 2014157521A1 JP 2014058870 W JP2014058870 W JP 2014058870W WO 2014157521 A1 WO2014157521 A1 WO 2014157521A1
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 96
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/02—Details
- H01L31/0224—Electrodes
- H01L31/022408—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
- H01L31/022425—Electrodes for devices characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells
- H01L31/022433—Particular geometry of the grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/0248—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies
- H01L31/036—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes
- H01L31/0376—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors
- H01L31/03762—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by their semiconductor bodies characterised by their crystalline structure or particular orientation of the crystalline planes including amorphous semiconductors including only elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/072—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type
- H01L31/0745—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells
- H01L31/0747—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PN heterojunction type comprising a AIVBIV heterojunction, e.g. Si/Ge, SiGe/Si or Si/SiC solar cells comprising a heterojunction of crystalline and amorphous materials, e.g. heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/06—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers
- H01L31/075—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices characterised by potential barriers the potential barriers being only of the PIN type, e.g. amorphous silicon PIN solar cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/548—Amorphous silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a photoelectric conversion element.
- the most manufactured and sold solar cells have a structure in which electrodes are formed on a light receiving surface that is a surface on which sunlight is incident and a back surface that is opposite to the light receiving surface, respectively.
- FIG. 21 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the amorphous / crystalline silicon heterojunction device described in Patent Document 1.
- an intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer 102 is formed on the back surface of the crystalline silicon wafer 101, and an intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer is formed.
- An n-doped region 103 and a p-doped region 104 of hydrogenated amorphous silicon are formed in 102, and electrodes 105 are provided on the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104, and an insulating property is provided between the electrodes 105.
- a reflective layer 106 is provided.
- the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 are formed using a lithography and / or shadow masking process (for example, see Patent Document 1). Paragraph [0020] etc.).
- the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 are formed using lithography, the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 have a high etching selectivity with respect to the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer 102. Although it is necessary to etch the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104, Patent Document 1 does not describe such an etching method having a large etching selectivity.
- the thickness of the stacked body of the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer 102 and the n-doped region 103 and the thickness of the stacked body of the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer 102 and the p-doped region 104 are several to several tens. Since it is nm (paragraph [0018] of Patent Document 1), the intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer 102 is very thin. Thus, it is very difficult to etch the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 leaving the very thin intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon transition layer 102.
- n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 are formed using a shadow masking process
- a mask is used when the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 are formed by plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition). Since the separation between the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 becomes difficult due to the wraparound of the gas to the back surface, the patterning accuracy becomes very poor. Therefore, the gap between the n-doped region 103 and the p-doped region 104 is reduced. The interval needs to be increased.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a photoelectric conversion element that can be manufactured with high yield and has high characteristics.
- the present invention provides a first conductivity type semiconductor, an intrinsic layer containing hydrogenated amorphous silicon provided on the semiconductor, and a first conductivity type hydrogenated amorphous silicon covering a part of the intrinsic layer.
- a first conductivity type layer; a second conductivity type layer containing hydrogenated amorphous silicon of a second conductivity type covering a part of the intrinsic layer; an insulating layer covering a part of the intrinsic layer; and a first conductivity type layer A first electrode provided on the second conductive type layer; and the first electrode provided on the first conductive type layer via the second conductive type layer.
- the first electrode is located above a region where the first conductive type layer and the intrinsic layer are in contact with each other, and at least a part of the second electrode is formed of the second conductive type layer and the intrinsic layer. It is a photoelectric conversion element located above the area
- the first conductive type layer can be patterned on the insulating layer, so that damage to the semiconductor and the intrinsic layer during the patterning of the n-type layer can be reduced.
- the heterojunction back contact cell can be manufactured with a high yield and its characteristics can be enhanced. Further, with such a configuration, it is not necessary to pattern the second conductivity type layer, so that the manufacturing process of the heterojunction back contact cell can be simplified.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the heterojunction back contact cell according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the method for manufacturing the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the method for manufacturing the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the method for manufacturing the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the method for manufacturing the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the method for manufacturing the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of the method for manufacturing the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiment 3.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell according to a fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell according to a fourth embodiment.
- (A) is a cross-sectional structure of the heterojunction type back contact cell of an Example
- (b) is typical sectional drawing along XXb-XXb of (a).
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an amorphous / crystalline silicon heterojunction device described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a photoelectric conversion module according to a fifth embodiment. It is the schematic of the structure of the solar energy power generation system of Embodiment 6.
- FIG. It is the schematic of an example of a structure of the photoelectric conversion module array shown in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of a configuration of a photovoltaic power generation system according to Embodiment 7.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to Embodiment 1, which is an example of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- the heterojunction back contact cell according to the first embodiment includes a semiconductor 1 made of n-type single crystal silicon, an intrinsic layer 2 containing i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon covering the entire back surface of the semiconductor 1, and an intrinsic layer.
- an insulating layer 3 covering a part of the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2.
- the n-type layer 4, the p-type layer 5, and the insulating layer 3 cover different regions on the back surface of the semiconductor 1.
- the insulating layer 3 is formed in a strip shape.
- the n-type layer 4 has a shape in which the concave portion includes a groove portion 4b that extends linearly in the normal direction of the paper surface of FIG. 1 and a flap portion 4c that extends from the upper ends of both side walls of the groove portion 4b to the outer side of the groove portion 4b. Is formed.
- the p-type layer 5 is formed in a shape that covers the entire back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 on which the insulating layer 3 and the n-type layer 4 are formed.
- the p-type layer 5 directly covers the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 in the region 9 where the p-type layer 5 and the intrinsic layer 2 are in contact, and the p-type layer 5 and the intrinsic layer 2 are in contact with each other.
- the intrinsic layer 2 is indirectly covered with at least one of the insulating layer 3 and the n-type layer 4.
- a part of the back surface of the insulating layer 3 is covered with a flap portion 4 c of the n-type layer 4, and another part of the back surface of the insulating layer 3 is covered with a p-type layer 5. Further, the back surface and the end 4 a of the n-type layer 4 are covered with the p-type layer 5. Note that the end 4 a of the n-type layer 4 is an outer end face of the flap portion 4 c of the n-type layer 4. Further, the end 4 a of the n-type layer 4 is located on the back surface of the insulating layer 3.
- the first electrode 6 is provided on the p-type layer 5 located on the n-type layer 4. Therefore, the first electrode 6 is provided on the n-type layer 4 via the p-type layer 5. Further, at least a part of the first electrode 6 is located above the region 8 where the intrinsic layer 2 and the n-type layer 4 are in contact.
- the second electrode 7 is provided on the p-type layer 5. Further, at least a part of the second electrode 7 is located above the region 9 where the intrinsic layer 2 and the p-type layer 5 are in contact.
- the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 also have a shape that extends linearly in the normal direction of the paper surface of FIG. 1, like the insulating layer 3, the n-type layer 4, and the p-type layer 5.
- An end portion 6 a that is an end surface in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the first electrode 6 and an end portion 7 a that is an end surface in a direction perpendicular to the extending direction of the second electrode 7 are on the p-type layer 5 on the insulating layer 3. Is located.
- an antireflection film serving also as a texture structure and / or a passivation film may be formed on the light receiving surface opposite to the back surface of the semiconductor 1.
- the antireflection film may be a laminated film in which an antireflection layer is laminated on the passivation layer.
- an intrinsic layer 2 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon is laminated on the entire back surface of the semiconductor 1 subjected to RCA cleaning by, for example, plasma CVD, and then the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 is formed.
- An insulating layer 3 is laminated on the entire surface by, eg, plasma CVD.
- an antireflection film serving also as a texture structure and / or a passivation film may be formed on the light receiving surface of the semiconductor 1.
- i-type means an intrinsic semiconductor.
- the semiconductor 1 is not limited to n-type single crystal silicon, and a conventionally known semiconductor may be used, for example.
- the thickness of the semiconductor 1 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 50 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 70 ⁇ m or more and 150 ⁇ m or less.
- the specific resistance of the semiconductor 1 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 10 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the texture structure of the light receiving surface of the semiconductor 1 can be formed by, for example, texture etching the entire surface of the light receiving surface of the semiconductor 1.
- a silicon nitride film, a silicon oxide film, or a laminate of a silicon nitride film and a silicon oxide film can be used as the antireflection film serving also as a passivation film on the light receiving surface of the semiconductor 1.
- the thickness of the antireflection film can be set to, for example, about 100 nm.
- the antireflection film can be laminated by, for example, a sputtering method or a plasma CVD method.
- the thickness of the intrinsic layer 2 laminated on the entire back surface of the semiconductor 1 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, and more specifically about 4 nm.
- the insulating layer 3 laminated on the entire back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 is not particularly limited as long as it is a layer made of an insulating material, but is preferably a material that can be etched without almost damaging the intrinsic layer 2.
- a silicon nitride layer, a silicon oxide layer, or a stacked body of a silicon nitride layer and a silicon oxide layer formed using a plasma CVD method or the like can be used. In this case, for example, by using hydrofluoric acid, it is possible to etch the insulating layer 3 without damaging the intrinsic layer 2.
- the thickness of the insulating layer 3 is not particularly limited, but can be about 100 nm, for example.
- a resist 21 having an opening 22 is formed on the back surface of the insulating layer 3. Then, by removing the portion of the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 22 of the resist 21, the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 is exposed from the opening 22 of the resist 21.
- the resist 21 having the opening 22 can be formed by, for example, a photolithography method or a printing method.
- the insulating layer 3 can be removed by, for example, wet etching using hydrofluoric acid or the like, or etching using an etching paste. Since the intrinsic layer 2 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon is hardly etched by hydrofluoric acid, the intrinsic layer 2 is made to function as an etching stop layer, and the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 22 is formed as the intrinsic layer 2. From the viewpoint of complete removal in the thickness direction, the insulating layer 3 is preferably removed by wet etching using hydrofluoric acid.
- the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the insulating layer 3 are covered so as to cover n made of n-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
- the mold layer 4 is laminated by, for example, a plasma CVD method.
- the thickness of the n-type layer 4 that covers the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the insulating layer 3 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- n-type impurity contained in the n-type layer 4 for example, phosphorus can be used, and the n-type impurity concentration of the n-type layer 4 can be set to about 5 ⁇ 10 20 / cm 3 , for example.
- a resist 31 having an opening 32 is formed on a partial region of the back surface of the n-type layer 4, and then the n-type layer 4 exposed from the opening 32 of the resist 31. By removing this portion, the back surface of the insulating layer 3 is exposed from the opening 32 of the resist 31.
- the resist 31 having the openings 32 can be formed by, for example, a photolithography method or a printing method.
- the n-type layer 4 is removed by, for example, wet etching using an alkaline aqueous solution such as a tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.1 to 5%.
- an alkaline aqueous solution such as a tetramethylammonium hydroxide aqueous solution, a potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a concentration of about 0.1 to 5%.
- a resist 41 having an opening 42 is formed so as to cover the back surface of the insulating layer 3 and the back surface of the n-type layer 4. Then, the back surface of the insulating layer 3 is exposed from the opening 42 of the resist 41 by removing the portion of the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 42 of the resist 41.
- the resist 41 having the opening 42 can be formed by, for example, a photolithography method or a printing method.
- the insulating layer 3 can be removed by, for example, wet etching using hydrofluoric acid or the like, or etching using an etching paste.
- the hydrogenated amorphous silicon is made of silicon nitride.
- the insulating layer 3 can be selectively removed with almost no attack on the intrinsic layer 4 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon.
- a p-type layer 5 made of p-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon is laminated by, for example, a plasma CVD method so as to cover the body.
- the thickness of the p-type layer 5 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 5 nm or more and 20 nm or less.
- the p-type impurity contained in the p-type layer 5 for example, boron can be used, and the p-type impurity concentration of the p-type layer 5 can be set to about 5 ⁇ 10 20 / cm 3 , for example.
- the first electrode 6 is formed on the back surface of the p-type layer 5 on the back surface of the n-type layer 4, and the second electrode 7 is formed on the back surface of the p-type layer 5.
- a conductive material can be used without any particular limitation, and among these, it is preferable to use at least one of aluminum and silver. Since aluminum and silver have high reflectance of light in the long wavelength region, the sensitivity of light in the long wavelength region in the semiconductor 1 is improved, and the semiconductor 1 can be formed thin.
- the thickness of the first electrode 6 and the thickness of the second electrode 7 are not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the formation method of the 1st electrode 6 and the 2nd electrode 7 is not specifically limited, For example, application
- the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are formed by the vapor deposition method, the reflectance of the light transmitted through the semiconductor 1 can be increased as compared with the case where the conductive paste is applied and fired.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of the first embodiment can be manufactured.
- the end 4a of the n-type layer 4 is located on the insulating layer 3, and the n-type layer 4 can be patterned on the insulating layer 3.
- damage to the semiconductor 1 and the intrinsic layer 2 can be reduced.
- the heterojunction back contact cell can be manufactured with a high yield and its characteristics can be enhanced.
- the first electrode 6 is provided on the n-type layer 4 via the p-type layer 5, and at least a part of the first electrode 6 is intrinsic to the n-type layer 4.
- the region 2 is located above the region 8 in contact with the layer 2, and at least a part of the second electrode 7 is located above the region 9 in contact with the p-type layer 5 and the intrinsic layer 2.
- the p-type layer 5 is intrinsic through at least one of the n-type layer 4 and the insulating layer 3. It is located so as to cover layer 2.
- the end portion 4 a of the n-type layer 4 is located on the insulating layer 3.
- patterning of n-type layer 4 can be performed on insulating layer 3, and damage to semiconductor 1 and intrinsic layer 2 during the patterning of n-type layer 4 can be reduced. Therefore, the heterojunction back contact cell can be manufactured with a high yield and its characteristics can be enhanced.
- the end portion 6 a of the first electrode 6 and the end portion 7 a of the second electrode 7 are located above the insulating layer 3.
- the semiconductor 1 and the intrinsic layer are patterned when the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are patterned.
- the damage received by 2 can be reduced.
- the distance between the 1st electrode 6 and the 2nd electrode 7 can be made small, and it permeate
- the amount of light can be reduced and the amount of light reflected to the semiconductor 1 side can be increased. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the heterojunction back contact cell can be manufactured with a high yield and its characteristics can be enhanced.
- the end portion 6 a of the first electrode 6 and the end portion 7 a of the second electrode 7 are located on the p-type layer 5 located above the insulating layer 3.
- the semiconductor 1 and the intrinsic layer are patterned when the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are patterned.
- the damage received by 2 can be reduced.
- the distance between the 1st electrode 6 and the 2nd electrode 7 can be made small, and it permeate
- the amount of light can be reduced and the amount of light reflected to the semiconductor 1 side can be increased. Therefore, in the first embodiment, the heterojunction back contact cell can be manufactured with a high yield and its characteristics can be enhanced.
- the conductivity of the n-type layer 4 is preferably 0.28 S / cm or less.
- the second conductivity type is preferably p-type.
- the p-type layer 5 can be formed after the n-type layer 4 is formed, a good passivation effect on the back surface of the semiconductor 1 by the intrinsic layer 2 can be obtained.
- the passivation effect of the intrinsic layer 2 covered with the p-type layer 5 is reduced due to the annealing effect when the n-type layer 4 is stacked.
- the effective minority carrier lifetime in the semiconductor 1 may be lowered, when the p-type layer 5 is formed after the n-type layer 4 is formed, such a decrease in the effective minority carrier lifetime is suppressed. Can do.
- the insulating layer 3 it is preferable to use a silicon nitride layer and / or a silicon oxide layer formed by plasma CVD as the insulating layer 3.
- a silicon nitride layer and / or a silicon oxide layer formed by plasma CVD is used as the insulating layer 3
- the etching selectivity by hydrofluoric acid is set to that of the intrinsic layer 2 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Therefore, damage to the intrinsic layer 2 when the insulating layer 3 is patterned can be reduced.
- n-type layer 4 and p-type layer 5 are both made of hydrogenated amorphous silicon, n-type layer 4 and p-type layer 5 are Even when directly joined, it is not rectified and a good ohmic contact can be obtained. Therefore, even when the first electrode 6 is provided on the n-type layer 4 via the p-type layer 5, the first electrode 6 is provided directly on the n-type layer 4 without the p-type layer 5. Similarly, it can function as an electrode.
- the end 7a of the second electrode 7 is preferably located on the region of the p-type layer 5 where the n-type layer 4 does not exist immediately below.
- the conductivity of the p-type layer 5 is about two to three orders of magnitude smaller than the conductivity of the n-type layer 4, and the current flowing through the p-type layer 5 in the lateral direction (the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the p-type layer 5) is It is thought that it does not exist. Therefore, when the end portion 7 a of the second electrode 7 is located on the region of the p-type layer 5 where the n-type layer 4 does not exist immediately below, between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7. Since the generation of the short-circuit current can be effectively suppressed, the characteristics of the heterojunction back contact cell can be improved.
- the first conductivity type is n-type and the second conductivity type is p-type.
- the first conductivity type may be p-type and the second conductivity type may be n-type. .
- FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to Embodiment 2, which is another example of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of the second embodiment is characterized in that the end 4a of the n-type layer 4 is in contact with the p-type layer 5.
- an intrinsic layer 2 and an insulating layer 3 are stacked in this order on the back surface of the semiconductor 1, for example, by a plasma CVD method, and an opening 22 is formed on the back surface of the insulating layer 3.
- the resist 21 is formed, the portion of the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 22 is removed, and the n-type layer 4 is laminated so as to cover the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the insulating layer 3.
- the process up to this point is the same as in the first embodiment.
- the removal of the n-type layer 4 can be performed, for example, by wet etching using an etchant in which the n-type layer 4 has a higher etching rate than the insulating layer 3.
- an etchant for example, an alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, or an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution can be used. Since the insulating layer 3 made of silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide is hardly attacked by the alkaline aqueous solution, the n-type layer 4 can be selectively removed.
- the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 is exposed by removing the portion of the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 52 of the resist 51.
- the insulating layer 3 can be removed by wet etching using hydrofluoric acid, for example.
- hydrofluoric acid since the intrinsic layer 2 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon is hardly attacked, the insulating layer 3 can be selectively removed.
- the p-type layer 5 is formed so as to cover the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the back surface of the n-type layer 4 as shown in FIG. Are stacked by plasma CVD, for example.
- the first electrode 6 is formed on the back surface of the n-type layer 4, and the second electrode is formed on the back surface of the p-type layer 5.
- the electrode 7 is formed.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of the second embodiment can be manufactured.
- FIG. 12 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to Embodiment 3, which is another example of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of the third embodiment is characterized in that an intermediate layer 61 is disposed between the n-type layer 4 and the p-type layer 5.
- an intrinsic layer 2 and an insulating layer 3 are stacked in this order on the back surface of the semiconductor 1, for example, by a plasma CVD method, and an opening 22 is formed on the back surface of the insulating layer 3.
- the resist 21 is formed, the portion of the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 22 is removed, and the n-type layer 4 is laminated so as to cover the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the insulating layer 3.
- the process up to this point is the same as in the first and second embodiments.
- an intermediate layer 61 is formed so as to cover the entire back surface of the n-type layer 4.
- the intermediate layer 61 it is preferable to use a material having an intermediate work function between the work function of the n-type layer 4 and the work function of the p-type layer 5.
- the n-type layer 4, the intermediate layer 61, and the p-type layer 5 can be connected with low resistance.
- the material of the intermediate layer 61 for example, ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) or ZnO can be used.
- the intermediate layer 61 made of ITO or ZnO can be formed by, for example, a sputtering method.
- a resist 71 having an opening 72 is formed on the back surface of the intermediate layer 61, and the portions of the intermediate layer 61, the n-type layer 4, and the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 72 are formed. By removing, the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 is exposed.
- the removal of the intermediate layer 61 made of ITO can be performed by wet etching using hydrochloric acid or the like.
- the n-type layer 4 functions as an etching stop layer.
- the removal of the n-type layer 4 can be performed, for example, by wet etching using an etchant in which the n-type layer 4 has a higher etching rate than the insulating layer 3.
- an etchant for example, an alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, or an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution can be used. Since the insulating layer 3 made of silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide is hardly attacked by the alkaline aqueous solution, the n-type layer 4 can be selectively removed.
- the insulating layer 3 can be removed by wet etching using hydrofluoric acid, for example.
- hydrofluoric acid since the intrinsic layer 2 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon is hardly attacked, the insulating layer 3 can be selectively removed.
- the p-type layer 5 is formed so as to cover the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the back surface of the intermediate layer 61 as shown in FIG. Lamination is performed by plasma CVD.
- the first electrode 6 is formed on the back surface of the n-type layer 4 and the second electrode 7 is formed on the back surface of the p-type layer 5.
- the end 6 a of the first electrode 6 is preferably located above the intermediate layer 61, and the end 7 a of the second electrode 7 is preferably not located above the intermediate layer 61. In this case, even if the resistance in the thickness direction of the intermediate layer 61 is low, it is possible to effectively prevent leakage current from flowing between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7.
- the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7 are, for example, silver paste printing, a metal film such as silver or aluminum, or a stacked film in which a metal film is stacked on a metal oxide conductive film such as ITO or ZnO. Later, patterning may be performed using a photolithography method or the like.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of the third embodiment can be manufactured.
- FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a heterojunction back contact cell according to Embodiment 4, which is another example of the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention.
- the heterojunction back contact cell according to the fourth embodiment is characterized in that the end portion 61 a of the intermediate layer 61 between the n-type layer 4 and the p-type layer 5 is located on the insulating layer 3.
- an intrinsic layer 2 and an insulating layer 3 are stacked in this order on the back surface of the semiconductor 1 by, for example, plasma CVD, and an opening is formed on the back surface of the insulating layer 3.
- the resist 21 having 22 After forming the resist 21 having 22, the portion of the insulating layer 3 exposed from the opening 22 is removed to cover the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 and the insulating layer 3, and the n-type layer 4 and the intermediate layer 61. Are laminated. The process up to this point is the same as in the third embodiment.
- a resist 81 having an opening 82 is formed on the back surface of the intermediate layer 61, and a portion of the intermediate layer 61 and the n-type layer 4 exposed from the opening 82 are removed. Then, the back surface of the insulating layer 3 is exposed.
- the removal of the intermediate layer 61 made of ITO can be performed by wet etching using hydrochloric acid or the like.
- the n-type layer 4 functions as an etching stop layer.
- the removal of the n-type layer 4 can be performed, for example, by wet etching using an etchant in which the n-type layer 4 has a higher etching rate than the insulating layer 3.
- an etchant for example, an alkaline aqueous solution such as an aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution, an aqueous potassium hydroxide solution, or an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution can be used. Since the insulating layer 3 made of silicon nitride and / or silicon oxide is hardly attacked by the alkaline aqueous solution, the n-type layer 4 can be selectively removed.
- a resist 91 having an opening 92 is formed on the exposed back surface of the insulating layer 3 and the back surface of the intermediate layer 61 as shown in FIG. By removing the exposed portion of the insulating layer 3, the back surface of the intrinsic layer 2 is exposed.
- the insulating layer 3 can be removed by wet etching using hydrofluoric acid, for example.
- hydrofluoric acid since the intrinsic layer 2 made of i-type hydrogenated amorphous silicon is hardly attacked, the insulating layer 3 can be selectively removed.
- the p-type layer 5 is formed so as to cover the exposed back surface of the intrinsic layer 2, the back surface of the insulating layer 3, and the back surface of the intermediate layer 61.
- lamination is performed by a plasma CVD method.
- the first electrode 6 is formed on the back surface of the n-type layer 4, and the second electrode 7 is formed on the back surface of the p-type layer 5.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of the fourth embodiment can be manufactured.
- the intermediate layer 61 and the p-type layer in the current path not including the semiconductor 1 are included. 5 / Since the current path between the interface of the intrinsic layer 2 includes a current path in the horizontal direction of the p-type layer 5 (perpendicular to the thickness direction of the p-type layer 5), Generation
- the intermediate layer 61 is excessively etched and etched laterally. Etc. can also be used.
- the n-type layer 4 and p of the current path not including the semiconductor 1 are included. Since the current path between the interface of the mold layer 5 and the intrinsic layer 2 includes a current path in the horizontal direction of the p-type layer 5 (perpendicular to the thickness direction of the p-type layer 5), the first electrode The generation of leakage current between 6 and the second electrode 7 can be suppressed.
- the n-type layer 4 is excessively etched and etched laterally. It is also possible to use a method to do so.
- the end 7a of the second electrode 7 is preferably located on the insulating layer 3. In this case, the semiconductor 1 and the intrinsic layer 2 are less likely to be damaged during the patterning of the second electrode 7.
- a photoelectric conversion module (Embodiment 5) and a photovoltaic power generation system (Embodiments 6 and 7) each including the heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiments 1 to 4 explain.
- the photoelectric conversion module and the solar power generation system including the same also have high characteristics.
- the fifth embodiment is a photoelectric conversion module using the heterojunction back contact cell of the first to fourth embodiments as a photoelectric conversion element.
- FIG. 22 shows an outline of the configuration of the photoelectric conversion module of the fifth embodiment which is an example of the photoelectric conversion module of the present invention using the heterojunction back contact cell of the first to fourth embodiments as a photoelectric conversion element.
- the photoelectric conversion module 1000 according to the fifth embodiment includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 1001, a cover 1002, and output terminals 1013 and 1014.
- a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 1001 are arranged in an array and connected in series.
- FIG. 22 illustrates an arrangement in which the photoelectric conversion elements 1001 are connected in series.
- the arrangement and connection method are not limited to this, and the photoelectric conversion elements 1001 may be connected in parallel. It may be an array.
- the heterojunction back contact cell according to any of Embodiments 1 to 4 is used.
- the photoelectric conversion module 1000 is not limited to the above description as long as at least one of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 1001 includes any one of the photoelectric conversion elements in Embodiments 1 to 4.
- the photoelectric conversion module 1000 can have any configuration. . Note that the number of photoelectric conversion elements 1001 included in the photoelectric conversion module 1000 can be any integer of 2 or more.
- the cover 1002 is composed of a weatherproof cover and covers the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 1001.
- the output terminal 1013 is connected to a photoelectric conversion element 1001 arranged at one end of a plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 1001 connected in series.
- the output terminal 1014 is connected to the photoelectric conversion element 1001 arranged at the other end of the plurality of photoelectric conversion elements 1001 connected in series.
- Embodiment 6 is a photovoltaic power generation system using the heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiments 1 to 4 as a photoelectric conversion element. Since the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has high characteristics (such as conversion efficiency), the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention including the photoelectric conversion element can also have high characteristics. Note that the photovoltaic power generation system is a device that appropriately converts the power output from the photoelectric conversion module and supplies it to a commercial power system or an electric device.
- a solar power generation system is a device that converts power output from a photoelectric conversion module as appropriate and supplies it to a commercial power system or an electrical device.
- FIG. 23 shows an outline of the configuration of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the sixth embodiment which is an example of the photovoltaic power generation system according to the present invention using the heterojunction back contact cell according to the first to fourth embodiments as a photoelectric conversion element.
- the photovoltaic power generation system 2000 of the sixth embodiment includes a photoelectric conversion module array 2001, a connection box 2002, a power conditioner 2003, a distribution board 2004, and a power meter 2005.
- the photoelectric conversion module array 2001 includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion modules 1000 (Embodiment 5).
- the solar power generation system 2000 has functions generally called “Home Energy Management System (HEMS)”, “Building Energy Management System (BEMS)”, etc. can do. Thereby, it is possible to reduce energy consumption by monitoring the power generation amount of the solar power generation system 2000, monitoring / controlling the power consumption amount of each electrical device connected to the solar power generation system 2000, and the like. .
- HEMS Home Energy Management System
- BEMS Building Energy Management System
- connection box 2002 is connected to the photoelectric conversion module array 2001.
- the power conditioner 2003 is connected to the connection box 2002.
- Distribution board 2004 is connected to power conditioner 2003 and electrical equipment 2011.
- the power meter 2005 is connected to the distribution board 2004 and the commercial power system.
- a storage battery may be connected to the power conditioner 2003. In this case, output fluctuations due to fluctuations in the amount of sunlight can be suppressed, and power stored in the storage battery can be supplied even in a time zone without sunlight.
- the storage battery may be built in the power conditioner 2003.
- the solar power generation system 2000 of the sixth embodiment operates as follows, for example.
- the photoelectric conversion module array 2001 generates sunlight by converting sunlight into electricity, and supplies the DC power to the connection box 2002.
- connection box 2002 receives DC power generated by the photoelectric conversion module array 2001 and supplies DC power to the power conditioner 2003.
- the power conditioner 2003 converts the DC power received from the connection box 2002 into AC power and supplies it to the distribution board 2004. Note that some or all of the DC power received from the connection box 2002 may be supplied to the distribution board 2004 as it is without being converted to AC power.
- the power conditioner 2003 when a storage battery is connected to the power conditioner 2003 (or when the storage battery is built in the power conditioner 2003), the power conditioner 2003 appropriately receives a part or all of the DC power received from the connection box 2002. Can be converted into electric power and stored in a storage battery. The electric power stored in the storage battery is appropriately supplied to the power conditioner 2003 side according to the power generation amount of the photoelectric conversion module and the power consumption amount of the electric equipment 2011, and is appropriately converted into power and supplied to the distribution board 2004. Is done.
- the distribution board 2004 supplies at least one of the power received from the power conditioner 2003 and the commercial power received via the power meter 2005 to the electrical equipment 2011.
- the distribution board 2004 supplies the AC power received from the power conditioner 2003 to the electrical equipment 2011 when the AC power received from the power conditioner 2003 is larger than the power consumption of the electrical equipment 2011.
- the surplus AC power is supplied to the commercial power system via the power meter 2005.
- the distribution board 2004 electrically converts the AC power received from the commercial power system and the AC power received from the power conditioner 2003 when the AC power received from the power conditioner 2003 is less than the power consumption of the electrical equipment 2011. Supplied to the equipment 2011.
- the power meter 2005 measures the power in the direction from the commercial power system to the distribution board 2004 and measures the power in the direction from the distribution board 2004 to the commercial power system.
- FIG. 24 shows an outline of an example of the configuration of the photoelectric conversion module array 2001 shown in FIG. Referring to FIG. 24, a photoelectric conversion module array 2001 includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion modules 1000 and output terminals 2013 and 2014.
- the plurality of photoelectric conversion modules 1000 are arranged in an array and connected in series.
- FIG. 24 illustrates an arrangement in which the photoelectric conversion modules 1000 are connected in series.
- the arrangement and connection method are not limited to this, and the photoelectric conversion modules 1000 may be connected in parallel or may be combined in series and parallel. It is good also as an arrangement.
- the number of photoelectric conversion modules 1000 included in the photoelectric conversion module array 2001 can be any integer of 2 or more.
- the output terminal 2013 is connected to the photoelectric conversion module 1000 located at one end of the plurality of photoelectric conversion modules 1000 connected in series.
- the output terminal 2014 is connected to the photoelectric conversion module 1000 located at the other end of the plurality of photoelectric conversion modules 1000 connected in series.
- Embodiment 6 is not limited to the above description as long as it includes at least one heterojunction back contact cell of Embodiments 1 to 4.
- a configuration is also possible.
- the seventh embodiment is a larger-scale solar power generation system than the solar power generation system described as the sixth embodiment.
- the photovoltaic power generation system of the seventh embodiment also includes at least one heterojunction back contact cell of the first to fourth embodiments. Since the photoelectric conversion element of the present invention has high characteristics (such as conversion efficiency), the photovoltaic power generation system of the present invention including the photoelectric conversion element can also have high characteristics.
- FIG. 25 shows an outline of the configuration of the solar power generation system according to Embodiment 7, which is an example of the large-scale solar power generation system of the present invention.
- solar power generation system 4000 of the seventh embodiment includes a plurality of subsystems 4001, a plurality of power conditioners 4003, and a transformer 4004.
- the photovoltaic power generation system 4000 is a larger scale photovoltaic power generation system than the photovoltaic power generation system 2000 of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG.
- the plurality of power conditioners 4003 are each connected to the subsystem 4001.
- the number of the power conditioners 4003 and the subsystems 4001 connected thereto can be any integer of 2 or more.
- a storage battery may be connected to the power conditioner 4003. In this case, output fluctuations due to fluctuations in the amount of sunlight can be suppressed, and power stored in the storage battery can be supplied even in a time zone without sunlight. Further, the storage battery may be incorporated in the power conditioner 4003.
- the transformer 4004 is connected to a plurality of power conditioners 4003 and a commercial power system.
- Each of the plurality of subsystems 4001 includes a plurality of module systems 3000.
- the number of module systems 3000 in the subsystem 4001 can be any integer greater than or equal to two.
- Each of the plurality of module systems 3000 includes a plurality of photoelectric conversion module arrays 2001, a plurality of connection boxes 3002, and a current collection box 3004.
- the number of the junction box 3002 in the module system 3000 and the photoelectric conversion module array 2001 connected to the junction box 3002 can be any integer of 2 or more.
- the current collection box 3004 is connected to a plurality of connection boxes 3002.
- the power conditioner 4003 is connected to a plurality of current collection boxes 3004 in the subsystem 4001.
- the solar power generation system 4000 of Embodiment 7 operates as follows, for example.
- the plurality of photoelectric conversion module arrays 2001 of the module system 3000 convert sunlight into electricity to generate DC power, and supply the DC power to the current collection box 3004 via the connection box 3002.
- a plurality of current collection boxes 3004 in the subsystem 4001 supplies DC power to the power conditioner 4003.
- the plurality of power conditioners 4003 convert DC power into AC power and supply the AC power to the transformer 4004.
- the power conditioner 4003 receives a part or all of the DC power received from the current collection box 3004. Power can be appropriately converted and stored in the storage battery.
- the electric power stored in the storage battery is appropriately supplied to the power conditioner 4003 side according to the power generation amount of the subsystem 4001, appropriately converted into electric power, and supplied to the transformer 4004.
- the transformer 4004 converts the voltage level of the AC power received from the plurality of power conditioners 4003 and supplies it to the commercial power system.
- the solar power generation system 4000 only needs to include at least one heterojunction back contact cell according to the first to fourth embodiments, and all the photoelectric conversion elements included in the solar power generation system 4000 are the embodiments.
- the heterojunction back contact cell of 1 to 4 may not be used.
- all of the photoelectric conversion elements included in one subsystem 4001 are the heterojunction back contact cells of Embodiments 1 to 4, and some or all of the photoelectric conversion elements included in another subsystem 4001 are implemented. In some cases, the heterojunction back contact cell of the first to fourth embodiments is not possible.
- FIG. 20A shows a cross-sectional structure of the heterojunction back contact cell of the example
- FIG. 20B shows a schematic cross-sectional view along XXb-XXb of FIG. 20A.
- L represents the interelectrode distance between the first electrode 6 and the second electrode 7
- t n represents the thickness of the n-type layer 4
- t p represents p.
- the thickness of the mold layer 5 is shown.
- A indicates the length of one side of the plane of the heterojunction back contact cell of the example
- d indicates the electrode pitch.
- interelectrode leakage current I leak satisfies the relationship of the operating voltage V op , the resistance R, the operating current I op , the allowable rate ⁇ of the interelectrode leakage current, and the following formula (I).
- the resistance R includes the interelectrode distance L, the conductivity ⁇ n of the n-type layer 4, the thickness t n of the n-type layer 4, the conductivity ⁇ p of the p-type layer 5, and the p-type layer 5
- the thickness t p , the length A of one side of the cell plane, the electrode pitch d, and the relationship of the following formula (II) are satisfied.
- the conductivity ⁇ n of the n-type layer 4, the thickness t n of the n-type layer 4, the conductivity ⁇ p of the p-type layer 5, and the thickness t p of the p-type layer 5 Satisfies the relationship of the following formula (IV).
- the present invention relates to a semiconductor, an intrinsic layer containing hydrogenated amorphous silicon provided on the semiconductor, and a first conductivity type layer containing hydrogenated amorphous silicon of the first conductivity type covering a part of the intrinsic layer.
- a second electrode provided on the second conductivity type layer, wherein the end portion of the first conductivity type layer and the end portion of the second conductivity type layer are formed of an intrinsic layer and an insulating layer. It is a photoelectric conversion element located above the area
- the patterning of the first conductivity type layer and the second conductivity type layer can be performed on the insulating layer, and the semiconductor and the intrinsic layer are patterned when the first conductivity type layer and the second conductivity type layer are patterned. Therefore, the photoelectric conversion element can be manufactured with high yield and has high characteristics.
- the end of the second conductivity type layer is located above the end of the first conductivity type layer via the insulating layer.
- the first conductive type layer and the second conductive type layer can be insulated in the thickness direction by the insulating layer, and the first conductive type layer can be damaged without damaging the first conductive type layer. Patterning of the two conductivity type layer can be performed.
- the end portion of the first electrode and the end portion of the second electrode are located above the insulating layer.
- the first electrode and the second electrode can be patterned on the insulating layer. Therefore, the semiconductor, the intrinsic layer, and the first conductivity type layer can be formed when the first electrode and the second electrode are patterned.
- damage to the second conductivity type layer can be reduced.
- the interelectrode distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be reduced, the amount of light transmitted from between the first electrode and the second electrode is reduced, and the semiconductor side Since the amount of light reflected on the surface can be increased, the characteristics of the photoelectric conversion element can be improved.
- the end of the first electrode and the end of the second electrode are located on the second conductivity type layer on the insulating layer.
- the first electrode and the second electrode can be patterned on the insulating layer. Therefore, the semiconductor, the intrinsic layer, and the first conductivity type layer can be formed when the first electrode and the second electrode are patterned.
- damage to the second conductivity type layer can be reduced.
- the interelectrode distance between the first electrode and the second electrode can be reduced, the amount of light transmitted from between the first electrode and the second electrode is reduced, and the semiconductor side Since the amount of light reflected on the surface can be increased, the characteristics of the photoelectric conversion element can be improved.
- the conductivity of the first conductivity type layer is preferably 0.28 S / cm or less.
- the inter-electrode distance between the first electrode and the second electrode facing each other (distance between the end portion of the first electrode and the end portion of the second electrode facing each other) is set. Since it can be 10 ⁇ m or less, the amount of light transmitted from between the first electrode and the second electrode can be reduced, and the amount of light reflected to the semiconductor side can be increased. Can be improved.
- the second conductivity type is preferably p-type. With such a configuration, it is possible to obtain a good passivation effect on the semiconductor surface by the intrinsic layer.
- the thickness of the intrinsic layer in the region in contact with the second conductivity type layer is preferably larger than the thickness of the intrinsic layer in the region in contact with the first conductivity type layer.
- the present invention can be used for a photoelectric conversion element and a method for manufacturing a photoelectric conversion element, and can be particularly preferably used for a heterojunction back contact cell and a method for manufacturing a heterojunction back contact cell.
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Abstract
Description
図1に、本発明の光電変換素子の一例である実施の形態1のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態1のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルは、n型単結晶シリコンからなる半導体1と、半導体1の裏面の全面を被覆するi型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する真性層2と、真性層2の裏面の一部を被覆するn型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有するn型層4と、真性層2の裏面の一部を被覆するp型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有するp型層5と、真性層2の裏面の一部を被覆する絶縁層3とを備えている。ここで、n型層4、p型層5および絶縁層3は、互いに、半導体1の裏面の異なる領域を被覆している。
図8に、本発明の光電変換素子の他の一例である実施の形態2のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態2のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルは、n型層4の端部4aがp型層5に接していることを特徴としている。
図12に、本発明の光電変換素子の他の一例である実施の形態3のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態3のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルは、n型層4とp型層5との間に中間層61が配置されていることを特徴としている。
図16に、本発明の光電変換素子の他の一例である実施の形態4のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルの模式的な断面図を示す。実施の形態4のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルは、n型層4とp型層5との間の中間層61の端部61aが絶縁層3上に位置していることを特徴としている。
実施の形態5は、実施の形態1~4のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルを光電変換素子として用いた光電変換モジュールである。
図22に、実施の形態1~4のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルを光電変換素子として用いた本発明の光電変換モジュールの一例である実施の形態5の光電変換モジュールの構成の概略を示す。図22を参照して、実施の形態5の光電変換モジュール1000は、複数の光電変換素子1001と、カバー1002と、出力端子1013,1014とを備えている。
実施の形態6は、実施の形態1~4のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルを光電変換素子として用いた太陽光発電システムである。本発明の光電変換素子は高い特性(変換効率等)を有するため、これを備える本発明の太陽光発電システムも高い特性を有することができる。尚、太陽光発電システムとは、光電変換モジュールが出力する電力を適宜変換して、商用電力系統または電気機器等に供給する装置である。
太陽光発電システムは、光電変換モジュールが出力する電力を適宜変換して、商用電力系統または電気機器等に供給する装置である。
実施の形態6の太陽光発電システム2000は、たとえば以下のように動作する。
光電変換モジュールアレイ2001について説明する。
実施の形態7は、実施の形態6として説明した太陽光発電システムよりも大規模な太陽光発電システムである。実施の形態7の太陽光発電システムも、少なくとも1つの実施の形態1~4のヘテロ接合型バックコンタクトセルを備えるものである。本発明の光電変換素子は高い特性(変換効率等)を有するため、これを備える本発明の太陽光発電システムも高い特性を有することができる。
図25に、本発明の大規模太陽光発電システムの一例である実施の形態7の太陽光発電システムの構成の概略を示す。図25を参照して、実施の形態7の太陽光発電システム4000は、複数のサブシステム4001と、複数のパワーコンディショナ4003と、変圧器4004とを備える。太陽光発電システム4000は、図24に示す実施の形態6の太陽光発電システム2000よりも大規模な太陽光発電システムである。
実施の形態7の太陽光発電システム4000は、たとえば以下のように動作する。
本発明は、半導体と、半導体上に設けられた水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する真性層と、真性層の一部を被覆する、第1導電型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する第1導電型層と、真性層の一部を被覆する、第2導電型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する第2導電型層と、真性層の一部を被覆する絶縁層と、第1導電型層上に設けられた第1電極と、第2導電型層上に設けられた第2電極と、を備え、第1導電型層の端部および第2導電型層の端部は、真性層と絶縁層とが接する領域の上方に位置している光電変換素子である。このような構成とすることにより、第1導電型層および第2導電型層のパターニングを絶縁層上で行なうことができ、第1導電型層および第2導電型層のパターニング時に半導体および真性層が受けるダメージを低減することができるため、高い歩留まりで製造することができ、かつ特性の高い光電変換素子とすることができる。
Claims (5)
- 第1導電型の半導体と、
前記半導体上に設けられた水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する真性層と、
前記真性層の一部を被覆する、第1導電型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する第1導電型層と、
前記真性層の一部を被覆する、第2導電型の水素化アモルファスシリコンを含有する第2導電型層と、
前記真性層の一部を被覆する絶縁層と、
前記第1導電型層上に設けられた第1電極と、
前記第2導電型層上に設けられた第2電極と、を備え、
前記第1電極は、前記第2導電型層を介して、前記第1導電型層上に設けられているとともに、
前記第1電極の少なくとも一部が、前記第1導電型層と前記真性層とが接する領域の上方に位置しており、
前記第2電極の少なくとも一部が、前記第2導電型層と前記真性層とが接する領域の上方に位置している、光電変換素子。 - 前記第2導電型層と前記真性層とが接する領域以外の領域において、前記第2導電型層は、前記第1導電型層および前記絶縁層の少なくとも一方を介して、前記真性層を被覆するように位置している、請求項1に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記第1導電型層の端部が、前記絶縁層上に位置している、請求項1または2に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記第1電極の端部および前記第2電極の端部が、前記絶縁層の上方に位置している、請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。
- 前記第2導電型がp型である、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の光電変換素子。
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