JP6445952B2 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6445952B2 JP6445952B2 JP2015205661A JP2015205661A JP6445952B2 JP 6445952 B2 JP6445952 B2 JP 6445952B2 JP 2015205661 A JP2015205661 A JP 2015205661A JP 2015205661 A JP2015205661 A JP 2015205661A JP 6445952 B2 JP6445952 B2 JP 6445952B2
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- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001218 Gallium arsenide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
前記第1半導体領域は、前記第1電極の一部の上に設けられている。
前記第2半導体領域は、前記第1電極の他の一部の上に設けられている。
前記第3半導体領域は、前記第1電極の上において前記第1半導体領域と前記第2半導体領域との間に設けられている。前記第3半導体領域の第2導電形の不純物濃度は、前記第2半導体領域の第2導電形の不純物濃度よりも高い。
前記第4半導体領域は、前記第1半導体領域、前記第2半導体領域、および前記第3半導体領域の上に設けられている。
前記第5半導体領域は、前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体領域の上に位置している。
前記第6半導体領域は、前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第2半導体領域の上に位置している。
前記第7半導体領域は、前記第6半導体領域の上に選択的に設けられている。
前記ゲート絶縁層は、前記ゲート電極と、前記第4半導体領域、前記第6半導体領域、および前記第7半導体領域のそれぞれと、の間に設けられている。
前記第2電極は、前記第5半導体領域および前記第7半導体領域の上に設けられている。
なお、図面は模式的または概念的なものであり、各部分の厚みと幅との関係、部分間の大きさの比率などは、必ずしも現実のものと同一とは限らない。また、同じ部分を表す場合であっても、図面により互いの寸法や比率が異なって表される場合もある。
また、本願明細書と各図において、既に説明したものと同様の要素には同一の符号を付して詳細な説明は適宜省略する。
各実施形態の説明には、XYZ直交座標系を用いる。コレクタ電極40からエミッタ電極41に向かう方向をZ方向(第3方向)とする。n+形カソード領域1からp+形コレクタ領域2に向かう方向をX方向(第1方向)とする。X方向およびZ方向に対して垂直な方向をY方向(第2方向)とする。
以下の説明において、n+、n、n−及びp++、p+、pの表記は、各導電形における不純物濃度の相対的な高低を表す。すなわち、n+はnよりもn形の不純物濃度が相対的に高く、n−はnよりもn形の不純物濃度が相対的に低いことを示す。また、p++はp+よりもp形の不純物濃度が相対的に高く、pはp+よりもp形の不純物濃度が相対的に低いことを示す。
以下で説明する各実施形態について、各半導体領域のp形とn形を反転させて各実施形態を実施してもよい。
図1は、実施形態に係る半導体装置100の一部を表す断面図である。
図2は、実施形態に係る半導体装置100の一部を表す底面図である。
図1に表すように、半導体装置100は、ダイオード領域110およびIGBT領域120を有する。ダイオード領域110は、例えば、FWD(Free Wheel Diode)として機能する。
IGBT領域120は、p+形コレクタ領域2(第2半導体領域)、p形ベース領域6(第6半導体領域)、n+形エミッタ領域7(第7半導体領域)、ゲート電極30、およびゲート絶縁層31を有する。
コレクタ電極40(第1電極)、n形バッファ領域8(第8半導体領域)、n−形半導体領域4(第4半導体領域)、エミッタ電極41(第2電極)は、これらの領域の両方に設けられている。
n+形カソード領域1は、コレクタ電極40の一部の上に設けられている。
p+形コレクタ領域2は、コレクタ電極40の他の一部の上に設けられている。
コレクタ電極40の上であってn+形カソード領域1とp+形コレクタ領域2との間には、p++形半導体領域3(第3半導体領域)が設けられている。
n−形半導体領域4は、n形バッファ領域8の上に設けられている。
電極20は、X方向においてp形アノード領域5と並んでいる。絶縁層21は、電極20と、n−形半導体領域4、p形アノード領域5、およびp+形アノード領域9のそれぞれと、の間に設けられている。
電極20、p形アノード領域5、およびp+形アノード領域9は、ダイオード領域110において、X方向に複数設けられ、それぞれがY方向に延びている。
ゲート電極30は、X方向においてp形ベース領域6と並んでいる。ゲート絶縁層31は、ゲート電極30と、n−形半導体領域4、p形ベース領域6、およびn+形エミッタ領域7のそれぞれと、の間に設けられている。
ゲート電極30、p形ベース領域6、およびn+形エミッタ領域7は、IGBT領域120において、X方向に複数設けられ、それぞれがY方向に延びている。
ゲート電極30とエミッタ電極41との間には、ゲート絶縁層31が設けられ、これらの電極は電気的に分離されている。
電極20は、エミッタ電極41と電気的に接続されている。電極20がエミッタ電極41と電気的に接続されていることで、半導体装置100がオフ状態のときに絶縁層21からn−形半導体領域4に向けて空乏層が延び、ダイオード領域110における耐圧を向上させることができる。
または、図2(b)に表すように、p++形半導体領域3は、n+形カソード領域1とp+形コレクタ領域2との間において、Y方向に複数設けられていてもよい。この場合、p++形半導体領域3とn形バッファ領域8の一部とが、Y方向において交互に設けられる。
あるいは、図2(c)に表すように、p++形半導体領域3は、n+形カソード領域1とp+形コレクタ領域2との間において、X方向において複数設けられていてもよい。この場合、p++形半導体領域3とn形バッファ領域8の一部とが、X方向において交互に設けられる。
その他、p++形半導体領域3がX方向およびY方向において複数設けられていてもよい。
また、p++形半導体領域3のX方向における長さおよびY方向における長さは、ともに40μm以上であることが望ましい。
コレクタ電極40に、エミッタ電極41に対して正の電圧が印加された状態で、ゲート電極30に閾値以上の電圧が印加されることで、IGBTがオン状態となる。このとき、p形ベース領域6のゲート絶縁層31近傍の領域にチャネル(反転層)が形成される。電子は、このチャネルを介してn+形エミッタ領域7からn−形半導体領域4に注入され、正孔は、p+形コレクタ領域2およびp++形半導体領域3からn−形半導体領域4に注入される。その後、ゲート電極30に印加される電圧が閾値よりも低くなると、p形ベース領域6におけるチャネルが消滅し、IGBTがオフ状態となる。
n+形カソード領域1、p+形コレクタ領域2、p++形半導体領域3、n−形半導体領域4、p形アノード領域5、p+形アノード領域9、p形ベース領域6、n+形エミッタ領域7、およびn形バッファ領域8は、半導体材料として、シリコン、炭化シリコン、窒化ガリウム、またはガリウムヒ素を含む。
半導体材料に添加されるn形不純物としては、ヒ素、リン、またはアンチモンを用いることができる。p形不純物としては、ボロンを用いることができる。
電極20およびゲート電極30は、ポリシリコンなどの導電材料を含む。
絶縁層21およびゲート絶縁層31は、酸化シリコンなどの絶縁材料を含む。
コレクタ電極40およびエミッタ電極41は、アルミニウムなどの金属を含む。
図3および図4は、実施形態に係る半導体装置100の製造工程を表す工程断面図である。
まず、ダイオード領域110に印加される電圧が、順方向から逆方向に切り替わった際の、ダイオード領域110におけるキャリアの動きについて説明する。ダイオード領域110に逆方向電圧が印加されると、n−形半導体領域4に蓄積されていたキャリアは、コレクタ電極40およびエミッタ電極41を通して排出される。このとき、キャリアの排出に要する時間(リカバリー時間)を短くすることで、半導体装置100のスイッチング損失を低減することができる。従って、スイッチング損失を低減するためには、順方向電流が流れる際の、ダイオード領域110へのキャリアの注入量を低減することが有効である。
ダイオード領域110に逆方向電圧が印加されてpn接合面から空乏層が延びると、IGBT領域120のコレクタ電極40側の領域から正孔が注入される。そして、この注入された正孔によって、n+形カソード領域1近傍における空乏層の延びる速度を抑制することができる。
p++形半導体領域3が設けられていることで、ダイオード領域110に逆方向電圧が印加されて空乏層が延びる際に、p++形半導体領域3から、より多くの正孔をダイオード領域110に注入することが可能となる。この結果、pn接合面近傍におけるキャリアの排出速度を向上させつつ、n+形カソード領域1近傍における空乏層の延びる速度を抑制することができる。
これは以下の理由による。
p+形コレクタ領域2のp形不純物濃度を低下させると、IGBTがオン状態のときの、IGBT領域120への正孔の注入が抑制される。従って、IGBTをターンオフした際のIGBT領域120からキャリアが排出されるまでの時間を短縮し、IGBTのスイッチング損失を低減することができる。
しかし、p++形半導体領域3が設けられていない状態でp+形コレクタ領域2のp形不純物濃度を低下させると、ダイオード領域110に逆方向電圧が印加された際に、IGBT領域120から注入される正孔の量が減少してしまう。すなわち、ダイオードをスイッチングさせた際の電圧の振動がより大きくなってしまう。
これに対して、本実施形態によれば、p+形コレクタ領域2のp形不純物濃度を低減した場合でも、ダイオード領域110に逆方向電圧が印加された際には、p++形半導体領域3から正孔が注入される。このため、p+形コレクタ領域2のp形不純物濃度を低減してIGBTのスイッチング損失を低減しつつ、p++形半導体領域3から注入される正孔により電圧の振動を抑制することが可能となる。
図5は、実施形態の第1変形例に係る半導体装置200の一部を表す断面図である。
図5に表すように、それぞれのダイオード領域110に複数のn+形カソード領域1が設けられ、n+形カソード領域1とn形バッファ領域8の一部とが、X方向において交互に設けられていてもよい。
図6は、実施形態の第1変形例に係る半導体装置300の一部を表す断面図である。
図6に表すように、ダイオード領域110に電極20および絶縁層21が設けられていない半導体装置に対しても、本実施形態に係る発明を適用することが可能である。
また、各半導体領域における不純物濃度については、例えば、SIMS(二次イオン質量分析法)により測定することが可能である。
Claims (6)
- 第1電極と、
前記第1電極の一部の上に設けられた第1導電形の第1半導体領域と、
前記第1電極の他の一部の上に設けられた第2導電形の第2半導体領域と、
前記第1電極の上において前記第1半導体領域と前記第2半導体領域との間に設けられ、前記第2半導体領域の第2導電形の不純物濃度よりも高い第2導電形の不純物濃度を有する第2導電形の第3半導体領域と、
前記第1半導体領域、前記第2半導体領域、および前記第3半導体領域の上に設けられた第1導電形の第4半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第1半導体領域の上に位置する第2導電形の第5半導体領域と、
前記第4半導体領域の上に設けられ、前記第2半導体領域の上に位置する第2導電形の第6半導体領域と、
前記第6半導体領域の上に選択的に設けられた第1導電形の第7半導体領域と、
ゲート電極と、
前記ゲート電極と、前記第4半導体領域、前記第6半導体領域、および前記第7半導体領域のそれぞれと、の間に設けられたゲート絶縁層と、
前記第5半導体領域および前記第7半導体領域の上に設けられた第2電極と、
を備えた半導体装置。 - 少なくとも一部が、前記第4半導体領域と、前記第1半導体領域、前記第2半導体領域、および前記第3半導体領域のそれぞれと、の間に設けられた第1導電形の第8半導体領域をさらに備え、
前記第8半導体領域の第1導電形の不純物濃度は、前記第1半導体領域の第1導電形の不純物濃度よりも低く、前記第4半導体領域の第1導電形の不純物濃度よりも高い請求項1記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第3半導体領域は、前記第1半導体領域と前記第2半導体領域との間において複数設けられ、
前記複数の第3半導体領域のそれぞれと、前記第8半導体領域の一部と、は、前記第1半導体領域から前記第2半導体領域に向かう第1方向に対して垂直な第2方向において、交互に設けられた請求項2記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1半導体領域は、前記第1半導体領域から前記第2半導体領域に向かう第1方向において、複数設けられ、
前記複数の第1半導体領域のそれぞれと、前記第8半導体領域の一部と、が前記第1方向において交互に設けられた請求項2記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第3半導体領域の少なくとも一部は、前記第1電極から前記第2電極に向かう第3方向において、前記第5半導体領域の一部と並ぶ請求項1〜4のいずれか1つに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1半導体領域、前記第2半導体領域、および前記第3半導体領域のそれぞれは、前記第1半導体領域から前記第2半導体領域に向かう第1方向において、複数設けられ、
前記複数の第1半導体領域のそれぞれと、前記複数の第2半導体領域のそれぞれと、は、前記第1方向において交互に設けられ、
前記複数の第3半導体領域のそれぞれは、前記複数の第1半導体領域のそれぞれと、前記複数の第2半導体領域のそれぞれと、の間に設けられた請求項1または2に記載の半導体装置。
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JP6078961B2 (ja) * | 2012-03-19 | 2017-02-15 | 富士電機株式会社 | 半導体装置の製造方法 |
JP2014063980A (ja) | 2012-08-30 | 2014-04-10 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置 |
JP2014103376A (ja) | 2012-09-24 | 2014-06-05 | Toshiba Corp | 半導体装置 |
JP6139312B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-18 | 2017-05-31 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
JP6158058B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 | 2017-07-05 | 株式会社東芝 | 半導体装置 |
US9484221B2 (en) * | 2014-01-13 | 2016-11-01 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Bipolar semiconductor device and method of manufacturing thereof |
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US11923443B2 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2024-03-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Semiconductor device |
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