JP6250263B2 - サーチュイン1(sirt1)に対する天然アンチセンス転写物の抑制によるsirt1関連疾患の治療 - Google Patents
サーチュイン1(sirt1)に対する天然アンチセンス転写物の抑制によるsirt1関連疾患の治療 Download PDFInfo
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- JP6250263B2 JP6250263B2 JP2011553094A JP2011553094A JP6250263B2 JP 6250263 B2 JP6250263 B2 JP 6250263B2 JP 2011553094 A JP2011553094 A JP 2011553094A JP 2011553094 A JP2011553094 A JP 2011553094A JP 6250263 B2 JP6250263 B2 JP 6250263B2
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- sirtuin
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Description
本明細書において使用される専門用語は、特定の実施形態を記載する目的のためだけであり、本発明の限定となることを意図しない。本明細書において使用される単数形「a」、「an」および「the」は、文脈がそうでないと明確に示さなければ複数形を同様に含んで意味する。さらに用語「含んでいる(including)」、「含む(include)」、「有している(having)」、「有する(has)」、「有する(with)」またはそれらの変形は、詳細な記載および/または特許請求の範囲のいずれにおいても使用され、そのような用語は用語「含む(comprising)」と同様の様式で包括的であることを意図する。
「SIRT1タンパク質」は、サーチュインデアセチラーゼのsir2ファミリーのメンバーを指す。ある実施態様において、SIRT1タンパク質は、酵母Sir2(GenBank 受託番号P53685)、線虫Sir-2.1 (GenBank受託番号 NP.sub.--501912)、ヒトSIRT1 (GenBank受託番号NM.sub.--012238およびNP.sub.--036370 (or AF083106))を含む。
重鎖形成領域)は、ワトソン-クリック様に塩基対形成する相補的RNA鎖である。
飾は、De Mesmaekerら、(1995) Acc. Chem. Res.、28:366〜374に見出すことができる。
外来性核酸の宿主細胞または生体への輸送は、細胞中または生体中の核酸を直接検出するステップによって評価されうる。そのような検出は、当技術分野において周知のいくつかの方法によって達成されうる。例えば、外来性核酸の存在は、サザンブロットまたは核酸に関連するヌクレオチド配列を特異的に増幅するプライマーを使用するポリメラーゼ連鎖反応(PCR)技術によって検出されうる。外来性核酸の発現も遺伝子発現分析を含む従来法を使用して測定されうる。例えば外来性核酸から産生されるmRNAはノーザンブロットおよび逆転写PCR(RT-PCR)を使用して検出および定量されうる。
キット、研究試薬、診断および治療法
本発明の化合物は、診断、治療および予防のためにならびに研究用試薬およびキットの構成要素として利用されうる。さらに、精緻な特異性を有して遺伝子発現を抑制できるアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドは、当業者によって特定の遺伝子の機能を解明するため、または生物学的経路の種々のメンバー間の機能を区別するためにしばしば使用される。
本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドの他の修飾は、オリゴヌクレオチドの活性、細胞分布または細胞への取り込みを増強する1つまたは複数の成分または複合体のオリゴヌクレオチドへの化学的連結を含む。これらの成分または複合体は、1級または2級ヒドロキシル基などの官能基に共有結合した複合基を含みうる。本発明の複合基は、干渉物質、レポーター分子、ポリアミン、ポリアミド、ポリエチレングリコール、ポリエーテル、オリゴマーの薬力学特性を増強する基、およびオリゴマーの薬物動態特性を増強する基を含む。典型的な複合基は、コレステロール、脂質、リン脂質、ビオチン、フェナジン、葉酸、フェナントリジン、アントラキノン、アクリジン、フルオレセイン、ローダミン、クマリン、および色素を含む。本発明の文脈において薬力学特性を増強する基は、取り込みを改善し、分解への耐性を増強し、および/または標的核酸との配列特異的ハイブリダイゼーションを強化する基を含む。本発明の文脈において薬物動態特性を増強する基は、本発明の化合物の取り込み、分布、代謝または排出を改善する基を含む。代表的複合基は、参照により本明細書に組み込まれる1992年10月23日出願の国際特許出願PCT/US92/09196および米国特許第6,287,860号において開示されている。複合体成分は、これだけに限らないがコレステロール成分、コール酸、チオエーテル、例えばヘキシル-S-トリチルチオール、チオコレステロール、脂肪族鎖、例えばドデカンジオールまたはウンデシル残基、リン脂質、例えばジ-ヘキサデシル-rac-グリセロールまたはトリエチルアンモニウム1,2-ジ-O-ヘキサデシル-rac-グリセロ-3-H-ホスホネート、ポリアミンまたはポリエチレングリコール鎖、あるいはアダマンタン酢酸、パルミチル成分、またはオクタデシルアミンもしくはヘキシルアミノ-カルボニル-オキシコレステロール成分などの脂質成分を含む。本発明のオリゴヌクレオチドは、活性原薬、例えばアスピリン、ワルファリン、フェニルブタゾン、イブプロフェン、スプロフェン、フェンブフェン、ケトプロフェン、(S)-(+)-プラノプロフェン、カプロフェン、ダンシルサルコシン、2,3,5-トリヨード安息香酸、フルフェナム酸、フォリン酸、ベンゾチアジアジド、クロロチアジド、ジアセピン、インドメチシン、バルビツール酸、
セファロスポリン、サルファ剤、抗糖尿病薬、抗菌剤または抗生物質とも複合体化されうる。
本発明の化合物は、取り込み、分布および/または吸収の補助ために、例えばリポソーム、受容体-標的分子、経口、直腸、局所または他の製剤として、他の分子、分子構造または化合物と、混合物と混合、封入、複合体化または他の方法で付随されうる。そのような取り込み、分布および/または吸収を補助する製剤の調製を説明する代表的米国特許は、これだけに限らないが、それぞれが本明細書に参照として組み込まれる米国特許5,108,921;5,354,844;5,416,016;5,459,127;5,521,291;5,543,165;5,547,932;5,583,020;5,591,721;4,426,330;4,534,899;5,013,556;5,108,921;5,213,804;5,227,170;5,264,221;5,356,633;5,395,619;5,416,016;5,417,978;5,462,854;5,469,854;5,512,295;5,527,528;5,534,259;5,543,152;5,556,948;5,580,575;および5,595,756を含む。
は、一緒にまたは連続的に使用されうる。
治療用組成物の処方およびそれらの続く投与(投薬)は、当業者の技能の範囲内であると考えられる。投薬は、数日間から数カ月間続くまたは治療が効果的になるもしくは病態の減退が達成されるまでの治療過程において、治療される病態の重症度および応答性に依存する。最適な投薬計画は、患者身体での薬剤蓄積の測定から算出されうる。当業者は、最適投与量、投薬方法および繰り返し率(repetition rate)を容易に決定できる。最適な投与量は、個々のオリゴヌクレオチドの相対的効力に応じて変動する場合があり、一般にin vitroおよびin vivo動物モデルにおいて効果的であると見出されたEC50に基づいて概算されうる。一般に投与量は、体重1kgあたり0.01μg〜100gであり、1日に、1週間に、1カ月にもしくは1年に1回もしくは複数回またはさらに2〜20年ごとに1回である場合がある。当業者は、測定された滞留時間および体液または組織における薬剤の濃度に基づいて投薬についての繰り返し率を容易に概算できる。治療の成功に続いて、病態の再発を予防するために患者に維持療法を受けさせることが望ましい場合があり、ここでオリゴヌクレオチドは維持投与において体重1kgあたり0.01μg〜100g、1日1回または複数回から20年ごとに1回の範囲で投与される。
以下の非限定的実施例は、本発明の選択された実施形態を例示するために利用できる。示される構成要素の割合における変動および構成要素における代替は当業者に明らかであり、本発明の実施形態の範囲内であることは理解される。
サーチュイン1(SIRT1)に対してアンチセンスである核酸分子および/またはサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドのセンス鎖に特異的なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの
上に示すとおり用語「に特異的なオリゴヌクレオチド」または「オリゴヌクレオチド標的」は、(i)標的遺伝子の一部分と安定な複合体を形成できる、または(ii)標的遺伝子のmRNA転写物の一部分と安定な2重鎖を形成できる配列を有するオリゴヌクレオチドを意味する。
SIRT1ポリヌクレオチドの調節
アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでのHepG2細胞の処置
ATCC(cat# HB-8065)由来のHepG2細胞を増殖培地(MEM/EBSS(Hyclone cat #SH30024またはMediatech cat # MT-10-010-CV)+10% FBS (Mediatech cat# MT35-011-CV)+ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Mediatech cat# MT30-002-CI))中、37℃、5% CO2で増殖させた。実験前日に、細胞を1mlあたり1.5×105個の密度で6ウエルプレートに再播種し、37℃、5% CO2でインキュベートした。実験当日に6ウエルプレートの培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。全てのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを濃度20μMに希釈した。この溶液2μlをOpti-MEM培地(Gibco cat#31985-070)400μlおよびLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen cat#11668019) 4μlと室温で20分間インキュベートし、HepG2細胞を含む6ウエルプレートの各ウエルに添加した。オリゴヌクレオチド溶液の代わりに水2μlを含む同様の混合物を偽形質移入対照用に使用した。37℃、5% CO2での3〜18時間のインキュベーション後、培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの添加の48時間後、培地を除去し、RNAを細胞からPromegaからのSV Total RNA Isolation System (cat # Z3105)またはQiagenからのRNeasy Total RNA Isolation kit(cat# 74181)を製造者の手順書に従って使用して抽出した。RNA 600ngをThermo ScientificからのVerso cDNA kit(cat#AB1453B)またはHigh Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit(cat# 4368813)を製造者の手順書に記載のとおり使用して実施した逆転写反応に加えた。この逆転写反応からのcDNAをABI Taqman gene Expression Mix (cat#4369510)およびABIによって設計されたプライマー/プローブ(Applied Biosystems Taqman Gene Expression Assay:Hs00202021_m1、Applied Biosystems Inc.、Foster City CA)を使用するリアルタイムPCRによって遺伝子発現をモニターするために使用した。以下のPCRサイクルを使用した:50℃で2分間、95℃で10分間、(95℃で15秒間、60℃で1分間)を40サイクル、StepOne Plus Real Time PCR Machine(Applied Biosystems)を使用。
リアルタイムPCR結果は、HepG2細胞中のSIRT1 mRNAのレベルが、SIRT1アンチセンスCV396200に対するいくつかのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでの処置の48時間後に有意に増大することを示す(図2、3A)。
ATCC(cat# CRL-1658)由来の3T3細胞を増殖培地(MEM/EBSS(Hyclone cat #SH30024またはMediatech cat # MT-10-010-CV)+10% FBS(Mediatech cat#MT35-011-CV)+ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Mediatech cat# MT30-002-CI))中、37℃、5% CO2で増殖させた。実験前日に、細胞を1mlあたり1.5×105個の密度で6ウエルプレートに再播種し、37℃、5% CO2でインキュベートした。実験当日に6ウエルプレートの培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。全てのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを濃度20μMに希釈した。この溶液2μlをOpti-MEM培地(Gibco cat#31985-070)400μlおよびLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen cat#11668019)4μlと室温で20分間インキュベートし、3T3細胞を含む6ウエルプレートの各ウエルに添加した。オリゴヌクレオチド溶液の代わりに水2μlを含む同様の混合物を偽形質移入対照用に使用した。37℃、5% CO2での3〜18時間のインキュベーション後、培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの添加の48時間後、培地を除去し、RNAを細胞からPromegaからのSV Total RNA Isolation System(cat # Z3105)またはQiagenからのRNeasy Total RNA Isolation kit(cat# 74181)を製造者の手順書に従って使用して抽出した。RNA 600ngをThermo ScientificからのVerso cDNA kit(cat#AB1453B)またはHigh Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit(cat# 4368813)を製造者の手順書に記載のとおり使用して実施した逆転写反応に加えた。この逆転写反応からのcDNAをABI Taqman Gene Expression Mix(cat#4369510)およびABIによって設計されたプライマー/プローブ(Applied Biosystems Taqman Gene Expression Assay:Hs00202021_m1、Applied Biosystems Inc.、Foster City CA)を使用するリアルタイムPCRによって遺伝子発現をモニターするために使用した。以下のPCRサイクルを使用した:50℃で2分間、95℃で10分間、(95℃で15秒間、60℃で1分間)を40サイクル、StepOne Plus Real Time PCR Machine(Applied Biosystems)を使用。
リアルタイムPCR結果は、SIRT1 mRNAのレベルが、SIRT1マウスアンチセンスAK044604に対して設計されたオリゴヌクレオチドのうちの3つでの処置の48時間後に3T3細胞中で有意に増大することを示す(図11)。
ATCC(cat# CRL-1587)由来のVero76細胞を増殖培地(MEM/EBSS(Hyclone cat #SH30024、またはMediatech cat # MT-10-010-CV)+10% FBS(Mediatech cat# MT35-011-CV)+ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Mediatech cat# MT30-002-CI))中、37℃、5% CO2で増殖させた。実験前日に、細胞を1mlあたり1.5×105個の密度で6ウエルプレートに再播種し、37℃、5% CO2でインキュベートした。実験当日に6ウエルプレートの培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。全てのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを水で濃度20μMに希釈した。この溶液2μlをOpti-MEM培地(Gibco cat#31985-070)400μlおよびLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen cat# 11668019)4μlと室温で20分間インキュベートし、Vero76細胞を含む6ウエルプレートの各ウエルに添加した。オリゴヌクレオチド溶液の代わりに水2μlを含む同様の混合物を偽形質移入対照用に使用した。37℃、5% CO2での3〜18時間のインキュベーション後、培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの添加の48時間後、培地を除去し、RNAを細胞からPromegaからのSV Total RNA Isolation System(cat # Z3105)またはQiagenからのRNeasy Total RNA Isolation kit(cat# 74181)を製造者の手順書に従って使用して抽出した。RNA 600ngをThermo ScientificからのVerso cDNA kit(cat#AB1453B)を製造者の手順書に記載のとおり使用して実施した逆転写反応に加えた。この逆転写反応からのcDNAをABI Taqman Gene Expression Mix(cat#4369510)およびABIによって設計されたプライマー/プローブ(Applied Biosystems Taqman Gene Expression Assay:Hs00202021_m1、Applied Biosystems Inc.、Foster City CA)を使用するリアルタイムPCRによって遺伝子発現をモニターするために使用した。以下のPCRサイクルを使用した:50℃で2分間、95℃で10分間、(95℃で15秒間、60℃で1分間)を40サイクル、StepOne Plus Real Time PCR Machine(Applied Biosystems)を使用。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでの処置後の遺伝子発現における倍数変化を処置試料と偽形質移入試料との間での18S-標準化dCt値の差に基づいて算出した。
リアルタイムPCR結果は、Vero細胞中のSIRT1 mRNAのレベルが、SIRT1アンチセンスCV396200に対するアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでの処置の48時間後に有意に増大することを示す(図3B)。
SIRT1遺伝子発現の調節
材料と方法
ネイキッドアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでのHepG2細胞の処置:
ATCC(cat# HB-8065)由来のHepG2細胞を、増殖培地(MEM/EBSS(Hyclone cat #SH30024、またはMediatech cat # MT-10-010-CV)+10% FBS(Mediatech cat# MT35-011-CV)+ペニシリン/ストレプトマイシン(Mediatech cat# MT30-002-CI))中、37℃、5% CO2で増殖させた。実験前日に、細胞を1mlあたり1.5×105個の密度で6ウエルプレートに再播種し、37℃、5% CO2でインキュベートした。実験当日に6ウエルプレートの培地を1ウエルあたり1.5mlの新鮮増殖培地に交換した。全てのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを水で濃度20μMに希釈した。この溶液2μlをOpti-MEM培地(Gibco cat#31985-070)400μlおよびLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen cat# 11668019)4μlと室温で20分間インキュベートし、HepG2細胞を含む6ウエルプレートの各ウエルに添加した。オリゴヌクレオチド溶液の代わりに水2μlを含む同様の混合物を偽形質移入対照用に使用した。37℃、5% CO2での3〜18時間のインキュベーション後、培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの添加の72時間後、上記のとおり細胞に再度投薬した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド2回目の投薬の48時間後、培地を除去し、RNAを細胞からPromegaからのSV Total RNA Isolation System(cat # Z3105)またはQiagenからのRNeasy Total RNA Isolation kit(cat# 74181)を製造者の手順書に従って使用して抽出した。RNA 600ngをThermo ScientificからのVerso cDNA kit(cat#AB1453B)を製造者の手順書に記載のとおり使用して実施した逆転写反応に加えた。この逆転写反応からのcDNAをABI Taqman Gene Expression Mix(cat#4369510)およびABIによって設計されたプライマー/プローブ(Applied Biosystems Taqman Gene Expression Assay:Hs00202021_m1、Applied Biosystems Inc.、Foster City CA)を使用するリアルタイムPCRによって遺伝子発現をモニターするために使用した。以下のPCRサイクルを使用した:50℃で2分間、95℃で10分間、(95℃で15秒間、60℃で1分間)を40サイクル、StepOne Plus Real Time PCR Machine(Applied Biosystems)を使用。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでの処置後の遺伝子発現における倍数変化を処置試料と偽形質移入試料との間での18S-標準化dCt値の差に基づいて算出した。
フォワードプライマー配列CCATCAGACGACATCCCTTAACAAA(配列番号68)
リバースプライマー配列ACATTATATCATAGCTCCTAAAGGAGATGCA(配列番号69)
レポーター配列CAGAGTTTCAATTCCC(配列番号70)
結果は、HepG2細胞中のSIRT1 mRNAのレベルが、sirtasに対して設計されたsiRNAのうちの1つでの処置の48時間後に有意に増大することを示す(sirtas_5、P=0.01)。同じ試料におけるsirtas RNAのレベルは、sirtas_5での処置後、有意に低下したが、SIRT1 mRNAのレベルに対しても影響を及ぼさなかったsirtas_6およびsirtas_7での処置後には変化しなかった(図1B)。sirtas_5、sirtas_6およびsirtas_7は、それぞれ配列番号32、33および34に対応する。
初代サル肝細胞をRxGen Inc.による培養物に導入し、6ウエルプレートに播種した。それらを以下のとおりオリゴヌクレオチドで処置した。6ウエルプレートの培地を、5% FBS、50U/mlのペニシリンおよび50μg/mlのストレプトマイシン、4μg/mlのインスリン、1μMのデキサメタゾン、10μg/mlのFungin(InVivogen、San Diego CA)を補充したWilliam's Medium E(Sigma cat#W4128)からなる新鮮増殖培地に交換した。全てのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを濃度20μMに希釈した。この溶液2μlをOpti-MEM培地(Gibco cat#31985-070)400μlおよびLipofectamine 2000(Invitrogen cat# 11668019) 4μlと室温で20分間インキュベートし、細胞を含む6ウエルプレートの各ウエルに添加した。オリゴヌクレオチド溶液の代わりに水2μlを含む同様の混合物を偽形質移入対照用に使用した。37℃、5% CO2での3〜18時間のインキュベーション後、培地を新鮮増殖培地に交換した。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの添加の48時間後、培地を除去し、RNAを細胞からPromegaからのSV Total RNA Isolation System(cat#Z3105)またはQiagenからのRNeasy Total RNA Isolation kit(cat#74181)を製造者の手順書に従って使用して抽出した。RNA 600ngをThermo ScientificからのVerso cDNA kit(cat#AB1453B)を製造者の手順書に記載のとおり使用して実施した逆転写反応に加えた。この逆転写反応からのcDNAをABI Taqman Gene Expression Mix(cat#4369510)およびABIによって設計されたプライマー/プローブ(Applied Biosystems Taqman Gene Expression Assay:Hs00978340_m1、Applied Biosystems Inc.、Foster City CA)を使用するリアルタイムPCRによって遺伝子発現をモニターするために使用した。以下のPCRサイクルを使用した:50℃で2分間、95℃で10分間、(95℃で15秒間、60℃で1分間)を40サイクル、Mx4000 thermal cycler(Stratagene)を使用。アンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドでの処置後の遺伝子発現における倍数変化を処置試料と偽形質移入試料との間での18S-標準化dCt値の差に基づいて算出した。
結果を図5に示す。リアルタイムPCR結果は、SIRT1アンチセンスに対するオリゴヌクレオチドでの処置後のSIRT1 mRNAのレベルにおける増大を示す。
アフリカミドリザルにおけるCUR 963の作用の有効性および持続期間の試験
本試験の目的は、非ヒト霊長類モデルにおいて、静脈内投与後の、SIRT1遺伝子を制御する不調和な非コードアンチセンス配列のアンチセンスノックダウンの効果を評価し、比較することであった。SIRT1制御配列を抑制するように設計されたアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド被験物はCUR 963と称された。
CUR 963:+G*+T*C*T*G*A*T*G*G*+A*+G*+A(配列番号28)。
CUR 962(対照):+G*+C*T*A*G*T*C*T*G*+T*+T*+G(配列番号71)。
本試験は、認められた毒物学の原則に従い、International Conference of Harmonization(ICH) Harmonized Tripartite Guidelines(Non-Clinical Safety Studies for the Conduct of Human Clinical Trials for Pharmaceuticals ICH M3(m)、2000年11月9日)および治療剤を試験するための一般に認められた手順に準拠するように設計された。
被験物の同定および調製
被験物であるCUR-963は、化学的に安定化されたアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドである。静脈内送達するためのビヒクルは、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(PBS)である。
PBSビヒクルに対して、供給業者から組成、バッチ番号、有効期限および保存条件(温度および明/暗)を入手した。
検体およびビヒクルを、適宜、スポンサーおよび製造者によって供給された容認された保存条件に従って保存した。
被験物製剤の試料を、検体製剤の濃度、安定性および均一性についての分析のために冷凍保存する。
霊長類は適切な非げっ歯類種であり、潜在的な危険性の指標として規制当局に容認され、それについての広範なバックグラウンドデータが入手可能である。アフリカミドリザルは特に、ヒトの生理的状態および疾患の状態の多数に高度に臨床的に関連するモデルである。
種
ミドリザル(Chlorocebus sabaeus)、非ヒト霊長類
St.Kittsに固有のアフリカミドリザル
RxGen、Lower Bourryeau、St.Kitts、West Indies.
試験動物は成体であった。
サルはおよそ3〜4kgであった。実際の範囲は変動しうるが、データに記述される。
試験動物は成体の雌であった。
動物を、本試験に登録するのに適切な8匹の動物が確実に同定されるようにスクリーニングした。
雌:8匹
本試験は、アフリカミドリザルにおける被験物の治療有効性を評価する第一目的およびこの種におけるこの種類のオリゴヌクレオチドの全身投与についての以前の試験と一致して、可能な限り少数の動物を使用するように設計された。
体重が3〜4kgの範囲の成体アフリカミドリザル10匹を本試験に使用した。サルは、島に居住する野生集団から人道的にわなで捕らえた薬物未処置の成体動物であった。わなで捕らえたサルを抗寄生虫薬で処置して腸内の寄生虫負荷のいかなる可能性も排除し、試験登録のためにスクリーニングする前に最低4週間、隔離所において観察した。わなで捕らえたサルの年齢をサイズおよび歯によって推定し、高齢の動物を試験から除外した。試験登録する前に、各サルに対して、移動運動および器用さの評価を含めた臨床試験を実施した。血液試料を取得し、包括的な臨床化学および完全な血球算定および脂質プロファイルのためにAntech Diagnostics(Memphis、TN)に送付した(詳細はセクション9.2および319567928を参照されたい)。St.Kittsコロニー内のサルについて確立された正常範囲と比較することによって決定した検査値が異常なサルを本試験から除外した。この判断基準を満たす8匹のサルを同定するために、10匹のサルをスクリーニングし、必要に応じて追加の動物をスクリーニングした。試験開始前に、選択されたサルを個々のケージに移して1週間、個々の収容に順応させた。実験に適するとみなされた動物のみを本試験に登録した。試験開始時の実際の(または推定)年齢および体重の範囲を生データおよび最終的な報告に詳述した。
動物福祉の最高水準に従い、St.Kitts Departmentent of AgricultureおよびU.S. Department of Health and Human Servicesによって規定されたガイドラインを固守した。全ての試験はこれらの必要条件および適用可能な実験動物の世話および収容についての行動基準の全てに従って行う。獣医学的な世話、手術および審査についての全ての適用可能な規準はNIH Guide for the Care and Use of Animalsに含まれている。St.Kittsの施設は、当該ガイドに要求されるとおり、手順書を調査し、施設を検査する動物研究委員会を維持している。St.Kitts Biomedical Foundationは、当該ガイドに要求されるとおり、Office of Laboratory Animal Welfareに申請された認可された保証を有する、#A4384-01(Axion Research Foundation/St.Kitts Biomedical Foundation)。本試験において明記された研究によって特別な非ヒト霊長類の獣医学的な世話の問題およびバイオハザードの問題は生じない。
任意の処置に関連する臨床的な徴候を検出可能にするために、動物を、外科手術の前、および手術後屠殺するまで個々に収容した。個々のケージが位置する霊長類用の建物は、北緯17度、U.S. D.H.H.Sガイドラインにおいて推奨されているとおりおよそ12時間:12時間の明-暗サイクルで周辺光によって全体的に照らされた。RxGenの霊長類用の建物は外気と完全に換気された。St.Kittsに特有であるが、1年を通して23〜35℃の一定標的温度を維持するための天井の送風機によって、さらなる空気の動きが保証された。温度および相対湿度(同様に調節されない)の24時間の最高と最低を毎日測定した。試験の間中、定期的な間隔でケージを掃除した。
各動物に標準のサル用固形飼料の食餌(TekLad、Madison、WI)を1日あたりおよそ90グラム提供した。食餌の特定の栄養性組成物を記録した。水を、微生物学的純度について定期的に分析した。貯えた食餌および供給水の中の混入物の許容できるレベルの判断基準は、それぞれ食餌の製造者および定期的な水施設の評価によって確立された分析規格値の範囲内であった。水は、ヒトが消費することを許容できるという証明に必要な全ての判断基準に適合した。
動物の識別および無作為化
体重および血漿コレステロールのプロファイルに基づいた層別無作為化の手順によって割り付けを行った。群に割り付ける前および割り付けた後に、各動物を腹部への入れ墨によって識別した。日常的な衛生検査の過程での識別手段としてコロニーの動物全てに入れ墨を入れる。ケージ内に収容する個体を識別するためにケージプランを立て、個々のサルを、それぞれのケージに貼付した標識タグによってさらに識別した。
動物を、各群4匹のサルで構成される2つの処置群に割り当てた。各サルに対して、施設の番号付けシステムに従って特定の動物識別番号を与えた。このシステムにより、後に3桁の数字が続く文字、例えばY032によって各サルが固有に識別される。
動物に、1日目、3日目および5日目に、1日1回、約10分にわたる手動注入による静脈内送達で投薬した。注入速度は1時間あたり体重1kgあたり24mLである。投薬手順の前およびその間に、動物をケタミンおよびキシラジンで鎮静させた。静脈カテーテル(Terumoミニ静脈注入セット、20ゲージ注射針、または同様の適切な注入セット)を伏在静脈に挿入した。動物が起床した直後、摂食前の午前8:00〜10:00の間に各サルに投薬を行った。以下の血液化学のセクションに記載のとおり血漿コレステロールおよび他の脂質レベルを評価するための血液試料を各注入の直前に採取した。血液採取は、コレステロール測定に対する食餌の影響を最小にするため、どちらの試料採取間隔においても摂食に先行した。
各投薬日に、処置に対する応答の目に見える徴候を全て記録した。さらに、動物を少なくとも週に1回、外見および全身状態などの身体的特質について検査した。
体重を、処置の間中および処置後の期間、1週間毎に記録した。
個々の摂食量は定量化しなかった。しかし摂食パターンをモニターし、どのような主要な変化にも注意した。
死亡率および罹患率を記録する。早期の屠殺に関する決定はどんなものでも、可能であれば、試験責任者およびスポンサーの監督科学者と相談した後に行う。死亡しているのが見つかった、または早期に殺した動物を、病理組織診断のための肝臓組織、腎臓組織、心臓組織、脾臓組織および肺組織の採取を伴う剖検に供する。早期に屠殺した場合には、血液試料も取得し(可能であれば)、パラメータを決定した。正規の作業時間後に死亡しているのが見つかった動物は、一晩冷蔵し、次の作業日の始めに剖検を実施する。動物が早期の屠殺を必要とする状態であれば、ペントバルビタールナトリウムを静脈内過剰投与することによって安楽死させる。全ての研究は、Principles for Use of Animalsによって管理される。RxGenは、法律により、軽症であると明記された本試験内の手順を守らなければならない重症度のレベルを指示する、霊長類の施設に対するU.S. Department of Health and Human Servicesの基準に準拠することが求められる。
脂肪生検
Y775を除く全ての試験用サルにおいて、試験の26日目に、臍の下方を1cm正中切開することによる組織抽出によって、皮下脂肪の生検を実施した。直ちに生検材料をRNAlater(Qiagen)2mlを含有する、ラベル貼付したcryotubeに浸漬し、4℃で一晩インキュベートし、その後RNAlaterを吸引し、試料チューブを液体窒素で急速冷凍した。液体窒素に移した後、標的遺伝子のリアルタイムqPCRのために全RNAを単離した。
リアルタイムPCR結果は、in vitroでSIRT1発現に対して影響を及ぼさなかったオリゴヌクレオチドであるCUR-962(配列番号71)(ApoA1アンチセンスDA327409に対して設計された、データは示していない)を投薬したサルと比較して、SIRT1アンチセンスCV396200.1に対して設計されたオリゴヌクレオチドであるCUR-963を投薬したサル由来の脂肪生検中のSIRT1 mRNAのレベルにおける増大を示す。mRNAのレベルはリアルタイムPCR(図4)によって決定した。
アンチセンスDNAオリゴヌクレオチドによるサーチュイン1(SIRT1)のin vivoでの調節
アンチセンスDNAオリゴヌクレオチド(ASO)での処置
SIRT1 AS(例えばCUR-1098またはCUR 1099)に特異的なアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチド(ASO)を、高脂肪食を12週間摂食させて肥満症および糖尿病を誘導したC57Bl/6Jマウスに投与する(Purushotham Aら、(2009) Cell Metabolism 9、327〜338頁)。高脂肪食を実施する時点でASOでのマウスの処置を開始する。マウスに、標準の生理食塩水中に調製したASOを5mg/kgの濃度で週に1回IP注射する。
マウスの体重および摂食量を週に2回、ASOをIP注射する前に測定する。
摂食時および絶食時の血糖濃度を、毎週、尾静脈から血液試料を取得することによって測定する。
GTTを、マウス1匹につき全部で2回、高脂肪食の食餌の途中(4週目)および終了近く(10週目)に行う。GTTにより、マウスの、血流からグルコースボーラスを急速に取り除く能力であるグルコース耐性についての情報が提供される。これは糖尿病についての尺度である。
マウスを、午前9時から午後3時まで6時間絶食させる。次いで、マウスに0.5〜1U/kgのインスリンをIP注射する。インスリン濃度を、最終的な注射量が0.1〜0.15mlになるように調整する。注射する前、ならびに注射の5分後、15分後、30分後、45分後および60分後に血糖測定を行う。血液は、正確にGTTで記載したとおりに採取する。グルコースレベルをモニターすることに加えて、マウスの挙動をITTの間、常に観察する。動物が非常に静かになり始め、不快感を示す挙動の変化に伴って、低血糖が現れうる。低血糖を防ぐために、血糖濃度が50mg/mlを下回ったら、または不快感の徴候が観察されたらすぐにグルコース(1g/kg)を、最終量0.1〜0.15mlでIP注射する。
マウスを、首筋および尾基底部で拘束し、首の皮膚の掴んで引っ張ることにより首の血管をわずかに圧迫する。試料採取部位は下顎角のわずかに前方の下顎である。試料採取部位の皮膚を18Gの針またはランセットを用いて、針/ランセットの先端がちょうど皮膚を貫通するまで90°の角度で穿刺する。ミクロヘマトクリット管を使用して血液試料を採取する。血液を採取した後、首の掴みを放し、ガーゼスポンジで挿入部位に圧力をかけて止血を確実にする。この方法によって血液0.05〜0.2mlを採取する。この手順は、高脂肪食の5週目に1回のみ、および心臓穿刺(以下参照)がうまくいかなかった場合には最終的に12週目に実施する。グルコースおよび脂質(インスリン、アディポネクチンおよびレプチンなど)の代謝を制御する血中ホルモンを、市販のELISAキット(例えば、R&D Systems、Minneapolis、MN、Assay Pro St. Charles、MO、Mabtech、Mariemont、OH)を使用して測定する。
12週間の高脂肪食の終わりに、マウスを連続的なイソフルラン吸入によって麻酔する。イソフルランおよび酸素が供給される誘導箱にマウスを置くことによって麻酔を誘導する。マウスを仰向けに拘束する。心臓を27Gの針で穿刺する。全採血後、断頭して死亡を確実にする。組織(肝臓、膵臓、白色および褐色脂肪組織ならびに骨格筋)を、さらなる調査(RNAおよびタンパク質の測定および組織学的検査)のために採取する。血液約0.5〜1mlを得、グルコースおよび脂質の代謝のいくつかの重大なパラメータ(グルコース、インスリン、コレステロール、トリグリセリド、遊離脂肪酸、レプチン、アディポカイン、コルチコステロイド、甲状腺ホルモン)を決定するために使用する。この方法に困難が生じる場合、代わりに、イソフルラン麻酔下で顔面静脈穿刺によって血液を採取する(上記参照)。
Claims (31)
- in vivoまたはin vitroで患者の細胞または組織におけるサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの発現を増大するための組成物であって、
配列番号7のヌクレオチド1〜373および配列番号8のヌクレオチド1〜1713中の12〜30ヌクレオチドを含むポリヌクレオチドの逆相補物に少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有し、患者の細胞または組織におけるサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの発現を増大する活性を有する長さ12〜30ヌクレオチドの少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを含む組成物。 - in vivoまたはin vitroで患者の細胞または組織におけるサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの発現を増大するための組成物であって、
配列番号7または配列番号8を含むサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの天然アンチセンスヌクレオチドの領域を特異的に標的にする少なくとも1つの長さ12〜30ヌクレオチドのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを含み、
前記少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列、あるいは配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有するオリゴヌクレオチド配列のいずれか一つを含む組成物。 - サーチュイン1(SIRT1)の発現が対照と比較してin vivoまたはin vitroで増大する、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが配列番号7を含むサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの天然アンチセンスポリヌクレオチドを標的にする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドがサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドのコードおよび/または非コード核酸配列に対する天然アンチセンスポリヌクレオチドを標的にする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドがサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドとともにオーバーラップおよび/または非オーバーラップ配列を有する天然アンチセンスポリヌクレオチドを標的にする、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、少なくとも1つの修飾糖部分、少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオシド間結合、少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオチドおよびそれらの組合せから選択される1つまたは複数の修飾を含む、請求項2に記載の組成物。
- 1つまたは複数の修飾が2'-O-メトキシエチル修飾糖部分、2'-メトキシ修飾糖部分、2'-O-アルキル修飾糖部分、二環性糖部分およびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの修飾糖部分を含む、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 1つまたは複数の修飾がホスホロチオエート、アルキルホスホネート、ホスホロジチオエート、アルキルホスホノチオエート、ホスホラミデート、カルバミン酸、炭酸、リン酸トリエステル、アセトアミデート、カルボキシメチルエステルおよびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオシド間結合を含む、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 1つまたは複数の修飾が、ペプチド核酸(PNA)、ロックド核酸(LNA)、アラビノ核酸(FANA)、それらの類似体、誘導体および組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオチドを含む、請求項7に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチド配列の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の組成物。
- In vivoまたはin vitroで哺乳類の細胞または組織におけるサーチュイン1(SIRT1)の発現を増大するための組成物であって、
配列番号1に記載の少なくとも1つの核酸配列に少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する、サーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの天然アンチセンス鎖の非コードおよび/またはコード配列に特異的な、長さ12〜30ヌクレオチドの少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドを含み、
前記少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列、あるいは配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有するオリゴヌクレオチド配列のいずれか一つを含む組成物。 - 配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列、あるいは配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有するオリゴヌクレオチド配列のうち少なくともいずれか一つを含む、長さ12〜30ヌクレオチドの少なくとも1つの修飾を含む合成修飾オリゴヌクレオチドであって、
少なくとも1つの修飾が、少なくとも1つの修飾糖部分;少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオチド間結合;少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオチドおよびそれらの組合せから選択され、
前記オリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号7または8から選択されるサーチュイン1(SIRT1)遺伝子の天然アンチセンスポリヌクレオチドにハイブリダイズし、かつ正常対照と比較してin vivoまたはin vitroでサーチュイン1(SIRT1)遺伝子の発現を増大するアンチセンス化合物であるオリゴヌクレオチド。 - 少なくとも1つの修飾が、ホスホロチオエート、アルキルホスホネート、ホスホロジチオエート、アルキルホスホノチオエート、ホスホラミデート、カルバミン酸、炭酸、リン酸トリエステル、アセトアミデート、カルボキシメチルエステルおよびそれらの組合せからなる群から選択されるヌクレオチド間結合を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 少なくとも1つのホスホロチオエートヌクレオチド間結合を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- ホスホロチオエートヌクレオチド間結合の骨格を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- ペプチド核酸、ロックド核酸(LNA)、類似体、誘導体、およびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの修飾されたヌクレオチドを含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- ホスホロチオエート、アルキルホスホネート、ホスホロジチオエート、アルキルホスホノチオエート、ホスホラミデート、カルバミン酸、炭酸、リン酸トリエステル、アセトアミデート、カルボキシメチルエステル、およびそれらの組合せから選択される修飾されたヌクレオチドを含む複数の修飾を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- ペプチド核酸、ロックド核酸(LNA)、類似体、誘導体、およびそれらの組合せから選択される修飾されたヌクレオチドを含む複数の修飾を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 2'-O-メトキシエチル修飾糖部分、2'-メトキシ修飾糖部分、2'-O-アルキル修飾糖部分、二環性糖部分、およびそれらの組合せから選択される少なくとも1つの修飾糖部分を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 2'-O-メトキシエチル修飾糖部分、2'-メトキシ修飾糖部分、2'-O-アルキル修飾糖部分、二環性糖部分、およびそれらの組合せから選択される修飾糖部分を含む複数の修飾を含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66に記載の配列のいずれかを含む、請求項13に記載のオリゴヌクレオチド。
- 薬学的に許容される賦形剤および請求項13に記載の1つまたは複数のオリゴヌクレオチドを含む組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66に記載のヌクレオチド配列のいずれか1つと比較して少なくとも90%の配列同一性を有する、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- オリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに記載のヌクレオチド配列を含む、請求項23に記載の組成物。
- 配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに記載のオリゴヌクレオチドが、1つまたは複数の修飾または置換を含む、請求項25に記載の組成物。
- 1つまたは複数の修飾が、ホスホロチオエート、メチルホスホネート、ペプチド核酸、ロックド核酸(LNA)分子およびそれらの組合せから選択される、請求項26に記載の組成物。
- 少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドおよび/または少なくとも1つのそのコード産物に関連する疾患を予防または治療するための組成物であって、
配列番号7から選択される前記少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの天然アンチセンス配列に結合し、かつ前記少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの発現を増大する長さ12〜30ヌクレオチドの少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの治療有効量を含み、
前記少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列、あるいは配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有するオリゴヌクレオチド配列のいずれか一つを含む組成物。 - 少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドに関連する疾患が、癌(例えば、乳癌、結腸直腸癌、CCL、CML、前立腺癌)、神経変性疾患または神経変性障害(例えば、アルツハイマー病、ハンチントン病、パーキンソン病、筋萎縮性側索硬化症、多発性硬化症およびポリグルタミンの凝集によって引き起こされる障害);骨格筋疾患(例えば、デュシェンヌ型筋ジストロフィー、骨格筋萎縮、ベッカー型筋ジストロフィーまたは筋緊張性ジストロフィー);代謝疾患(例えば、インスリン抵抗性、糖尿病、肥満症、耐糖能障害、高血中コレステロール、高血糖症、脂質異常症および高脂血症);成人発症型糖尿病、糖尿病性腎症、ニューロパチー(例えば、感覚性ニューロパチー、自律神経ニューロパチー、運動神経障害、網膜症);骨疾患(例えば、骨粗鬆症)、血液疾患(例えば、白血病);肝疾患(例えば、アルコール乱用または肝炎に起因する);肥満症;骨吸収、老化黄斑変性症、エイズ関連認知症、ALS、ベル麻痺、アテローム性動脈硬化症、心疾患(例えば、不整脈、慢性うっ血性心不全、虚血性脳卒中、冠動脈疾患および心筋症)、慢性変性疾患(例えば、心筋疾患)、慢性腎不全、2型糖尿病、潰瘍、白内障、老視、糸球体腎炎、ギラン-バレー症候群、出血性卒中、関節リウマチ、炎症性腸疾患、SLE、クローン病、変形性関節症、骨粗鬆症、慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)、肺炎、皮膚老化、アンドロゲン性脱毛症、尿失禁、ミトコンドリア機能不全に関連する疾患または障害(例えば、ミトコンドリア筋症、脳症、レーバー病、リー脳症、ピアソン病、乳酸アシドーシス、「ミトコンドリア脳症、乳酸アシドーシスおよび脳卒中様の症状」(MELAS)など)ならびに神経細胞の死、老化または望まれない細胞損失を特徴とする他の状態に関連する疾患または障害から選択される、請求項28に記載の組成物。
- 炎症、光による損傷または老化によって引き起こされる皮膚の状態を有するまたは皮膚の状態が発生する危険性がある患者に投与するための、少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドおよび/または少なくとも1つのそのコード産物に関連する皮膚の状態を予防または治療するための組成物であって、
配列番号7から選択される、前記少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの天然アンチセンス配列に結合し、かつ前記少なくとも1つのサーチュイン1(SIRT1)ポリヌクレオチドの発現を増大する少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドの治療有効量を含み、
前記少なくとも1つのアンチセンスオリゴヌクレオチドが、配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列、あるいは配列番号52〜57、59〜63、65および66のいずれかに示されるオリゴヌクレオチド配列に少なくとも90%の同一性を有するオリゴヌクレオチド配列のいずれか一つを含む組成物。 - 皮膚の状態が、しわ、接触性皮膚炎、アトピー性皮膚炎、日光角化症、角化障害、表皮水疱症、剥離性皮膚炎、脂漏性皮膚炎、紅斑、円板状エリテマトーデス、皮膚筋炎、皮膚癌または自然老化の影響の発生である、請求項30に記載の組成物。
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EP2403946A2 (en) | 2012-01-11 |
JP6704883B2 (ja) | 2020-06-03 |
CA2754749A1 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
WO2010102058A2 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
EP2963116A2 (en) | 2016-01-06 |
EP2963116A3 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
HK1217729A1 (zh) | 2017-01-20 |
ES2845644T3 (es) | 2021-07-27 |
EP2963116B1 (en) | 2020-11-11 |
CA2754749C (en) | 2019-04-30 |
EP2403946A4 (en) | 2012-11-14 |
WO2010102058A3 (en) | 2011-03-31 |
JP2012519488A (ja) | 2012-08-30 |
US20110319317A1 (en) | 2011-12-29 |
JP2017221221A (ja) | 2017-12-21 |
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